Victor E. Marsden
Encyclopedia
Victor Emile Marsden was a journalist
Journalist
A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.A reporter is a type of journalist who researchs, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media , electronic media , and digital media A...

 and translator, known for allegedly translating an English language
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

 version of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is a fraudulent, antisemitic text purporting to describe a Jewish plan for achieving global domination. It was first published in Russia in 1903, translated into multiple languages, and disseminated internationally in the early part of the twentieth century...

. According to Robert Singerman
Robert Singerman
Robert Singerman is a professor, a recognized Judaica bibliographer. He is often cited by Judaica rare book dealers. He holds the position of University Librarian, George A...

, the earliest known imprint of this translation was published in 1923, posthumously.

Translated Protocols

The first English language publication of this text was in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

 in 1920. However, prior to its publication, the Morning Post
Morning Post
The Morning Post, as the paper was named on its masthead, was a conservative daily newspaper published in London from 1772 to 1937, when it was acquired by The Daily Telegraph.- History :...

, in 1920, utilized the text as a basis of 17, or 18 (depending on which authority is cited), articles making antisemitic allegations against the Jews
Jews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...

. Thereafter, but that same year, the paper published a book on the same matter, entitled The Cause of World Unrest. Marsden is generally credited with a translation of the Protocols around this time. Marsden continues to be associated with most subsequent American English language imprints of the text, known by many different titles, but most briefly, as the Protocols of Zion. In that regard he is only second to Serge Nilus.

The first British English language edition, titled The Jewish Peril, whose Preface is dated, London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

, December 2, 1919, was published anonymously, but has subsequently been discovered to have been translated by George Shanks
George Shanks
George Shanks was an expatriate British man, who is most famous as the first translator of Protocols of Zion into the English language. His version was produced for The Britons, an early anti-immigration and anti-Semitic organization....

, an employee of The Morning Post (London). The publisher was Eyre & Spottiswoode
Eyre & Spottiswoode
Eyre & Spottiswoode, Ltd. was the London based printing firm that was the King's Printer, and subsequently, after April 1929, a publisher of the same name...

 Ltd. edition.

The so-called Marsden translation first appears in 1923. The librarian
Librarian
A librarian is an information professional trained in library and information science, which is the organization and management of information services or materials for those with information needs...

 and bibliographer
Bibliographer
"A bibliographer is a person who describes and lists books and other publications, with particular attention to such characteristics as authorship, publication date, edition, typography, etc. The result of this endeavor is a bibliography...

, Robert Singerman
Robert Singerman
Robert Singerman is a professor, a recognized Judaica bibliographer. He is often cited by Judaica rare book dealers. He holds the position of University Librarian, George A...

, identifies the following as the first Marsden imprint:

Singerman 0147

Victor E. Marsden

"Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion"

Protocols of the Meetings of the Learned Elders of Zion

Translated from the Russian Text by Victor E. Marsden

(London: The Britons, 1923)

"The Marsden translation has become the standard English Text."

Singerman lists the Wiener Library
Wiener Library
The Wiener Library is the world's oldest institution devoted to the study of the Holocaust, its causes and legacies. Founded in 1933 as an information bureau that informed Jewish communities and governments worldwide about the persecution of the Jews under the Nazis, it was transformed into a...

 (London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

) as having this imprint. That library has the following catalog entry for the Marsden imprint:


[Title]: Protocols of the meetings of the Learned Elders of Zion

Author: Victor E. Marsden, Victor E. Marsden

Language: English

Place of publication: London

Publisher: The Britons

Year of publication: 1923

Pagination: 75 p.

Material: Microfilm

Notes: Translated from the Russian text. - Not indexed

Accession number: 97484

Shelfmark: 388/Z180

The British Library
British Library
The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom, and is the world's largest library in terms of total number of items. The library is a major research library, holding over 150 million items from every country in the world, in virtually all known languages and in many formats,...

 holds and describes the following imprint in its catalog record:


System number 009601120

Author - personal Nilus.

Title Protocols of the Meetings of the Learned Elders of Zion / translated from
the Russian Text by Victor E. Marsden.

Publisher/year London : The Britons Publishing Society, [between 1937 and 1971].

Physical descr. 65 p. ; 21 cm.

Holdings (All) Details

Shelfmark W73/5522 DSC Request

In 1978, Colin Holmes
Colin Holmes
Colin Holmes is the name of:* Colin Holmes , British author, scholar, and historian* Colin Holmes , Gaelic football player for County Tyrone...

 wrote that George Shanks
George Shanks
George Shanks was an expatriate British man, who is most famous as the first translator of Protocols of Zion into the English language. His version was produced for The Britons, an early anti-immigration and anti-Semitic organization....

, a Russian emigre, first translated the text in Britain into English for The Britons
The Britons
The Britons was an anti-Semitic and anti-immigration organization founded in July 1919 by Henry Hamilton Beamish. The organization published pamphlets and propaganda under the imprint names of the Judaic Publishing Co. and subsequently the Britons Publishing Society...

 — a publishing entity which subsequently became "The Britons Publishing Society
Britons Publishing Society
Britons Publishing Society, founded in 1923, was an offshoot of The Britons. According to scholar Gisela C. Lebzelter, The Britons split because:...

."

Marsden is explicitly associated with the 1934 edition, however, and its subsequent imprints. Marsden worked as a correspondent for The Morning Post
Morning Post
The Morning Post, as the paper was named on its masthead, was a conservative daily newspaper published in London from 1772 to 1937, when it was acquired by The Daily Telegraph.- History :...

, a conservative
Conservatism
Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports, at the most, minimal and gradual change in society. Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others oppose modernism...

 London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

 daily newspaper. On assignment he reported on events in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

. As a consequence of the October Revolution
October Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...

, he was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress
Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress is the original citadel of St. Petersburg, Russia, founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and built to Domenico Trezzini's designs from 1706-1740.-History:...

. He was subsequently released and returned home to England. Marsden's name is associated with the 1934 text issued by "THE PATRIOTIC PUBLISHING CO." as the "author of the translation."

The standard work on the Protocols of Zion has been for some time Norman Cohn
Norman Cohn
Norman Rufus Colin Cohn FBA was a British academic, historian and writer who spent fourteen years as a professorial fellow and as Astor-Wolfson Professor at the University of Sussex.-Life:...

's Warrant for Genocide. Cohn only mentions Marsden in a single page, saying that the "Morning Post accepted everything it was told by its correspondent in Russia, Victor Marsden" and "Marsden was an Englishman who had lived many years in Russia and had adopted, with passion, the outlook of Russian right-wingers... Marsden went further and produced a new translation of the Protocols (it is still on sale in London today)." That is all we are told about Marsden by Cohn.

Henry Ford and Adolf Hitler

Henry Ford
Henry Ford
Henry Ford was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry...

 purchased the Dearborn Independent with the publication therein of a series of articles in from 1920 through 1922 which were subsequently published in four volumes, as The International Jew: The World's Foremost Problem
The International Jew
The International Jew is a four volume set of booklets or pamphlets originally published and distributed in the early 1920s by Henry Ford, an American industrialist and automobile manufacturer....

.

When Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945...

 took power in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 in 1933, both Germany and the U.S. were flooded with mass-produced anti-Semitic
Anti-Semitism
Antisemitism is suspicion of, hatred toward, or discrimination against Jews for reasons connected to their Jewish heritage. According to a 2005 U.S...

 literature, at the core of which was the text of the Protocols of Zion. Ford placed his personal wealth, acquired from his ownership of the Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...

, and financed not only the writing in his Dearborn Independent, but the subsequent worldwide distribution of The International Jew. Hitler, on the other hand, directed the machinery of the German Reich to finance and produce anti-Semitic literature. The nameless hired editors of The Protocols were faced with a dilemma: the text had no author, and was too brief for a book. It consisted of a collection 24 or 27 chapters — a mere short appendix (actually chapter XII, the last chapter) in a Russian language
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...

 1905 book, by Sergei Nilus
Sergei Nilus
Sergei Aleksandrovich Nilus was a Russian religious writer and self-described mystic....

, prophesying the coming of the Anti-Christ. Nilus was merely the translator, however, and could not consistently explain or account for the "appendix," for which he denied authorship. By 1934, and thereafter, the name of Victor E. Marsden proved to be the appropriate solution to the literary need that every book needs an author or an editor. Marsden, its translator, had been dead for 14 years. It was therefore decided by these nameless editors to make him also its glosser. And since 1934, when the expanded edition was produced by Ford's and Hitler's agents, Marsden's name has stuck to it.

The 1934 Expanded Edition of the Protocols of Zion

Marsden's name is associated with the Protocols more so than Nilus'. In the preface of this imprint
Imprint
In the publishing industry, an imprint can mean several different things:* As a piece of bibliographic information about a book, it refers to the name and address of the book's publisher and its date of publication as given at the foot or on the verso of its title page.* It can mean a trade name...

 is the statement the work is his "crowning monument" (1934 imprint
Imprint
In the publishing industry, an imprint can mean several different things:* As a piece of bibliographic information about a book, it refers to the name and address of the book's publisher and its date of publication as given at the foot or on the verso of its title page.* It can mean a trade name...

). Popular biographical knowledge of Marsden derives from this edition of the text. The translation of Nilus' 1905 version was one of the first things Marsden undertook upon his return from Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

, as is the emphasis of the nameless editor(s) and compiler(s) of this version of the text.

In the 1934 text, the Russian Revolution and Zionism
Zionism
Zionism is a Jewish political movement that, in its broadest sense, has supported the self-determination of the Jewish people in a sovereign Jewish national homeland. Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Zionist movement continues primarily to advocate on behalf of the Jewish state...

 are portrayed as parts of the "Jewish conspiracy for world domination
Hegemony
Hegemony is an indirect form of imperial dominance in which the hegemon rules sub-ordinate states by the implied means of power rather than direct military force. In Ancient Greece , hegemony denoted the politico–military dominance of a city-state over other city-states...

." The preface bears Marsden's name, but it is effectively and his obituary
Obituary
An obituary is a news article that reports the recent death of a person, typically along with an account of the person's life and information about the upcoming funeral. In large cities and larger newspapers, obituaries are written only for people considered significant...

 written by an unnamed editor. A substantial portion of the book is simply lifted out of Ford's serial articles, themselves paraphrases and extracts of the prior text.

Marsden is falsely credited with the allegation that a remark was made by Chaim Weizmann
Chaim Weizmann
Chaim Azriel Weizmann, , was a Zionist leader, President of the Zionist Organization, and the first President of the State of Israel. He was elected on 1 February 1949, and served until his death in 1952....

, at a banquet held on October 6, 1920, as follows:


"A beneficent protection which God has instituted in the life

of the Jew is that He has dispersed him all over the world."

-- United We Fall, Divided We Stand

The Protocols of the Meetings of the Learned Elders of Zion

WITH PREFACE AND EXPLANATORY NOTES

Translated from the Russian Text by

VICTOR E. MARSDEN

Formerly Russian Correspondent of The "Morning Post"

Part II, "Text and Commentary,"" 1934 (p. 138 of 300 pp.)

[from the original 1934 imprint]

The following remark, lifted from the 1934 text, cannot be attributed to him:


"It proves that the Learned Elders exist. It proves that Dr. Weizmann knows all about them. It proves that the desire for a "National Home" in Palestine
Palestine
Palestine is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands....

 is only camouflage and an infinitesimal part of the Jew's real object. It proves that the Jews of the world have no intention of settling in Palestine or any separate country, and that their annual prayer that they may all meet "Next Year in Jerusalem" is merely a piece of their characteristic make-believe. It also demonstrates that the Jews are now a world menace, and that the Aryan
Aryan
Aryan is an English language loanword derived from Sanskrit ārya and denoting variously*In scholarly usage:**Indo-Iranian languages *in dated usage:**the Indo-European languages more generally and their speakers...

 races will have to domicile them permanently out of Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

." --ibid., pp. 138-139


Marsden was already dead, having died on October 28, 1920.

Legacy

Very little is known about Marsden besides what the unknown and unnamed Protocols editor(s) have written about him. Neither have his writings for The Morning Post been collected, nor has his obituary in that paper been examined in any scholarly way since 1934, when his infamy increased.

One particular English language publisher is responsible for Marsden's posthumous infamy. An obscure publishing entity named The Patriotic Publishing Company gives its address on the imprint of the Protocols as P.O. Box 526, Chicago
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...

, Illinois
Illinois
Illinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,...

, and it is stated, on the cover, to be "NOT INCORPORATED." It is further stated in this 300-page imprint that it was "issued," "compiled," and "edited" in 1934. It continues to be re-issued and distributed and circulated by others today in the US, and continues to bear 1934 as its date. The last page of the text, titled "INDEX", is really a Table of Contents. It is customary for American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 publishers to place the Table of Contents in the front of a book. No other known title exists which bears the imprint of this mysterious publisher at this Post Office Box in Chicago.

Works - Chronologically Listed

  • Finland
    Grand Duchy of Finland
    The Grand Duchy of Finland was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed 1809–1917 as part of the Russian Empire and was ruled by the Russian czar as Grand Prince.- History :...

    : The Question of Autonomy and Fundamental Laws,
by N. D. Sergieevski; Victor Emile Marsden
(London: Wyman & Sons, 1911)

  • The Revolution in Finland
    Grand Duchy of Finland
    The Grand Duchy of Finland was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed 1809–1917 as part of the Russian Empire and was ruled by the Russian czar as Grand Prince.- History :...

     under Prince John Obolensky
    Prince John Obolensky
    Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Obolensky, or John Obolenski , was an Imperial Russian Lieutenant-General.-Biography:He served as the Governor-General of Finland from August 18, 1904 to November 18, 1905...

by Vsevolod Vladimirov
Vsevolod Vladimirov
Vsevolod Vladimirov was an author and historian who wrote about Finland's Revolution in early 20th century, during the Russian Revolution of 1905. His magnum opus on the Governor-General of Finland Prince John Obolensky, published in 1911, was translated by Victor E. Marsden, who also translated...

;
trans. by Victor E. Marsden (London: Wyman & Sons, Ltd., 1911)

  • Russia's Policy
    Russification of Finland
    The policy of Russification of Finland was a governmental policy of the Russian Empire aimed at limiting the special status of the Grand Duchy of Finland and possibly the termination of its political autonomy and cultural uniqueness...

     in Finland
    Grand Duchy of Finland
    The Grand Duchy of Finland was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed 1809–1917 as part of the Russian Empire and was ruled by the Russian czar as Grand Prince.- History :...

by G. A. Evreinov; Victor E. Marsden
by Victor E. Marsden, M.A.
(London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

, New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...

 [etc.]: Cassell and Company, Ltd., 1914)

  • Crossing the Line with His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales
    Prince of Wales
    Prince of Wales is a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the 15 other independent Commonwealth realms...

    :
in H.M.S. Renown
HMS Renown (1916)
HMS Renown was the lead ship of her class of battlecruisers of the Royal Navy built during the First World War. She was originally laid down as an improved version of the s. Her construction was suspended on the outbreak of war on the grounds she would not be ready in a timely manner...

, Friday - Saturday, April 16–17,
by Victor E. Marsden, (Sydney
Sydney
Sydney is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people...

: Angus & Robertson
Angus & Robertson
Angus & Robertson is a bookstore chain in Australia. Its first bookstore was opened in 110½ Market Street, Sydney by Scotsman David Angus in 1884; it sold second-hand books. In 1886, he went into partnership with fellow Scot, George Robertson with whom he had worked earlier.- Bookselling history...

, 1920)

  • "Germans,"
in Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups
ed. by Steven Thermstrom
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980)

Editions of the Protocols of Zion attributed to Marsden posthumously

  • Protocols of the Meetings of the Learned Elders of Zion
Translated from the Russian Text by Victor E. Marsden
System number: 009601120
Shelfmark: W73/5522 DSC
British Library - Record - http:

  • Protocols of the Meetings of the Learned Elders of Zion
Translated from the Russian Text by Victor E. Marsden ...

  • The Protocols of the Meetings of the Learned Elders of Zion:
with preface and explanatory notes ; translated from the Russian text by Victor E. Marsden.
299/300 p., [6] leaves of plates: ill.; 22 cm.
Note: The cover & frotispiece say that this "PATRIOTIC" entity is "NOT INCORPORATED," but it has "issued," "compiled," and "edited" the text, and gives its address as "P.O. Box 526" "Chicago, Ill."

Critical Work

  • Norman Cohn
    Norman Cohn
    Norman Rufus Colin Cohn FBA was a British academic, historian and writer who spent fourteen years as a professorial fellow and as Astor-Wolfson Professor at the University of Sussex.-Life:...

Warrant for Genocide
Warrant for Genocide
Warrant for Genocide, by Norman Cohn, is a critical work about the Protocols of the Elders of Zion.This scholarly book explores the history, origin, and worldwide dissemination of this notorious, antisemitic plagiarism, literary forgery, and hoax....

,
The Myth of the Jewish World Conspiracy and the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion"
(London: Serif, 1996)
ISBN 1-897959-25-7
See p. 169

  • Robert Singerman
    Robert Singerman
    Robert Singerman is a professor, a recognized Judaica bibliographer. He is often cited by Judaica rare book dealers. He holds the position of University Librarian, George A...

Foreword by Colin Holmes
Colin Holmes (British historian)
Colin Holmes is a British author, scholar, and historian. He is an Emeritus Professor of History at the University of Sheffield, where his academic interests include migration, racism, antisemitism, and fascism.-Academic career:...

Antisemitic Propaganda:
An Annotated Bibliography and Research Guide
ISBN 0824092708

See also

  • The Morning Post
  • The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
    The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
    The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is a fraudulent, antisemitic text purporting to describe a Jewish plan for achieving global domination. It was first published in Russia in 1903, translated into multiple languages, and disseminated internationally in the early part of the twentieth century...

  • Sergei Nilus
    Sergei Nilus
    Sergei Aleksandrovich Nilus was a Russian religious writer and self-described mystic....

  • Znamya (newspaper)
    Znamya (newspaper)
    Russkoye Znamya — a newspaper, organ of the Union of the Russian People established in Petersburg by Alexander Dubrovin on , notoriously known for its antisemitic bias.Discontinued on by the order of Petrograd Soviet.-History:...


External links



  • Library of Congress
    Library of Congress
    The Library of Congress is the research library of the United States Congress, de facto national library of the United States, and the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States. Located in three buildings in Washington, D.C., it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and...

     Online Catalog http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First

  • New York Public Library
    New York Public Library
    The New York Public Library is the largest public library in North America and is one of the United States' most significant research libraries...

     Online Catalog http://catnyp.nypl.org/

  • BAS database (bibliographic record of 1978 Colin Holmes
    Colin Holmes
    Colin Holmes is the name of:* Colin Holmes , British author, scholar, and historian* Colin Holmes , Gaelic football player for County Tyrone...

     article in Patterns of Prejudice
    Patterns of Prejudice
    Patterns of Prejudice is a journal published by Routledge.Its aims and scope, in part as given by Taylor & Francis, are as follows:...

    entitled, The Protocols of "The Britons
    The Britons
    The Britons was an anti-Semitic and anti-immigration organization founded in July 1919 by Henry Hamilton Beamish. The organization published pamphlets and propaganda under the imprint names of the Judaic Publishing Co. and subsequently the Britons Publishing Society...

    "
    )http://har2.huji.ac.il:83/ALEPH/ENG/SAS/BAS/BAS/FULL/0110974
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