United States Office of Management and Budget
Encyclopedia
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is a Cabinet
-level office, and is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States
(EOP).
The current OMB Director is Jacob Lew
.
. The Bureau of the Budget was moved to the EOP
in 1939, and reorganized into OMB in 1970 during the Nixon administration
. The first OMB included Roy Ash
(head), Paul O'Neill (assistant director), Fred Malek
(deputy director) and Frank Zarb (associate director) and two dozen others. In the 1990s, OMB was reorganized to remove the distinction between management staff and budgetary staff by combining those dual roles into each given program examiner within the Resource Management Offices.
In addition, the OMB oversees and coordinates the Administration's procurement, financial management, information, and regulatory policies. In each of these areas, the OMB's role is to help improve administrative management, to develop better performance measures and coordinating mechanisms, and to reduce any unnecessary burdens on the public.
, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, and the Office of Federal Financial Management
are presidentially appointed and Senate
-confirmed
positions.
The largest component of the Office of Management and Budget are the four Resource Management Offices which are organized along functional lines mirroring the U.S. federal government, each led by an OMB associate director. Approximately half of all OMB staff are assigned to these offices, the majority of whom are designated as program examiners. Program examiners can be assigned to monitor one or more federal agencies or may be assigned a topical area, such as monitoring issues relating to U.S. Navy warships. These staff have dual responsibility for both management and budgetary issues, as well as responsibility for giving expert advice on all aspects relating to their programs. Each year they review federal agency budget requests and help decide what resource requests will be sent to Congress as part of the president’s budget. They perform in-depth program evaluations using the Program Assessment Rating Tool, review proposed regulations, agency testimony, analyze pending legislation, and oversee the aspects of the President's Management Agenda including agency management scorecards. They are often called upon to provide analysis information to any EOP staff member. They also provide important information to those assigned to the statutory offices within OMB, which are Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, the Office of Federal Financial Management, and the Office of E-Government & Information Technology whose job it is to specialize in issues such as federal regulations or procurement policy and law.
Other offices are OMB-wide support offices which include the Office of General Counsel, the Office of Legislative Affairs
, the Budget Review Division (BRD), and the Legislative Reference Division. The BRD performs government-wide budget coordination and is largely responsible for the technical aspects relating to the release of the president’s budget each February. With respect to the estimation of spending for the executive branch
, the BRD serves a purpose parallel to that of the Congressional Budget Office
for the estimation of spending for Congress, the Department of the Treasury
for the estimation of revenues for the executive branch, and the Joint Committee on Taxation for the estimation of revenues for Congress.
The Legislative Reference Division has the important role of being the central clearing house across the federal government for proposed legislation or testimony by federal officials. It distributes proposed legislation and testimony to all relevant federal reviewers and distils the comments into a consensus opinion of the Administration about the proposal. They are also responsible for writing an Enrolled Bill Memorandum to the president once a bill is presented by both bodies of Congress for the president’s signature. The Enrolled Bill Memorandum details the particulars of the bill, opinions on the bill from relevant federal departments, and an overall opinion about whether the bill should be signed into law or vetoed. They also issue Statements of Administration Policy that let Congress know the White House’s official position on proposed legislation.
Source:
United States Cabinet
The Cabinet of the United States is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States, which are generally the heads of the federal executive departments...
-level office, and is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States
Executive Office of the President of the United States
The Executive Office of the President consists of the immediate staff of the President of the United States, as well as multiple levels of support staff reporting to the President. The EOP is headed by the White House Chief of Staff, currently William M. Daley...
(EOP).
The current OMB Director is Jacob Lew
Jacob Lew
Jacob "Jack" J. Lew is the Director of the United States Office of Management and Budget a position he previously held from 1998 to 2001.-Early life and education:...
.
History
The Bureau of the Budget, OMB's predecessor, was established as a part of the Department of the Treasury by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, which was signed into law by President Warren G. HardingWarren G. Harding
Warren Gamaliel Harding was the 29th President of the United States . A Republican from Ohio, Harding was an influential self-made newspaper publisher. He served in the Ohio Senate , as the 28th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio and as a U.S. Senator...
. The Bureau of the Budget was moved to the EOP
Executive Office of the President of the United States
The Executive Office of the President consists of the immediate staff of the President of the United States, as well as multiple levels of support staff reporting to the President. The EOP is headed by the White House Chief of Staff, currently William M. Daley...
in 1939, and reorganized into OMB in 1970 during the Nixon administration
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. The only president to resign the office, Nixon had previously served as a US representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961 under...
. The first OMB included Roy Ash
Roy Ash
Roy L. Ash was the co-founder and president of Litton Industries and director of the Office of Management and Budget during the administrations of U.S...
(head), Paul O'Neill (assistant director), Fred Malek
Fred Malek
Frederic Vincent "Fred" Malek is the former President of Marriott Hotels and Northwest Airlines and former assistant to United States Presidents Richard Nixon and George H.W. Bush. Malek served as a National Finance Committee co-chair of John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign...
(deputy director) and Frank Zarb (associate director) and two dozen others. In the 1990s, OMB was reorganized to remove the distinction between management staff and budgetary staff by combining those dual roles into each given program examiner within the Resource Management Offices.
Mission
The OMB's predominant mission is to assist the President in overseeing the preparation of the federal budget and to supervise its administration in Executive Branch agencies. In helping to formulate the President's spending plans, the OMB evaluates the effectiveness of agency programs, policies, and procedures, assesses competing funding demands among agencies, and sets funding priorities. The OMB ensures that agency reports, rules, testimony, and proposed legislation are consistent with the President's Budget and with Administration policies.In addition, the OMB oversees and coordinates the Administration's procurement, financial management, information, and regulatory policies. In each of these areas, the OMB's role is to help improve administrative management, to develop better performance measures and coordinating mechanisms, and to reduce any unnecessary burdens on the public.
Overview
The Office contains significant numbers of both career and politically appointed staff; OMB staff provide important continuity within the EOP since several hundred career professionals remain in their positions regardless of which party occupies the White House. Six positions within OMB the Director, the Deputy Director, the Deputy Director for Management, and the administrators of the Office of Information and Regulatory AffairsOffice of Information and Regulatory Affairs
The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs is an office of the United States Government that Congress established in the 1980 Paperwork Reduction Act. OIRA is located within the Office of Management and Budget, which is an agency within the Executive Office of the President...
, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, and the Office of Federal Financial Management
Office of Federal Financial Management
The Office of Federal Financial Management is a sub-division the United States Office of Management and Budget.OFFM responsibilities include implementing the financial management improvement priorities of the President, establishing government-wide financial management policies of executive...
are presidentially appointed and Senate
United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States, and together with the United States House of Representatives comprises the United States Congress. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution. Each...
-confirmed
Advice and consent
Advice and consent is an English phrase frequently used in enacting formulae of bills and in other legal or constitutional contexts, describing a situation in which the executive branch of a government enacts something previously approved of by the legislative branch.-General:The expression is...
positions.
The largest component of the Office of Management and Budget are the four Resource Management Offices which are organized along functional lines mirroring the U.S. federal government, each led by an OMB associate director. Approximately half of all OMB staff are assigned to these offices, the majority of whom are designated as program examiners. Program examiners can be assigned to monitor one or more federal agencies or may be assigned a topical area, such as monitoring issues relating to U.S. Navy warships. These staff have dual responsibility for both management and budgetary issues, as well as responsibility for giving expert advice on all aspects relating to their programs. Each year they review federal agency budget requests and help decide what resource requests will be sent to Congress as part of the president’s budget. They perform in-depth program evaluations using the Program Assessment Rating Tool, review proposed regulations, agency testimony, analyze pending legislation, and oversee the aspects of the President's Management Agenda including agency management scorecards. They are often called upon to provide analysis information to any EOP staff member. They also provide important information to those assigned to the statutory offices within OMB, which are Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, the Office of Federal Financial Management, and the Office of E-Government & Information Technology whose job it is to specialize in issues such as federal regulations or procurement policy and law.
Other offices are OMB-wide support offices which include the Office of General Counsel, the Office of Legislative Affairs
Office of Legislative Affairs
The Office of Legislative Affairs is a division within the United States Department of Justice. Its responsibility is for the development and implementation of strategies to advance the Department's legislative initiatives and other interests relating to Congress....
, the Budget Review Division (BRD), and the Legislative Reference Division. The BRD performs government-wide budget coordination and is largely responsible for the technical aspects relating to the release of the president’s budget each February. With respect to the estimation of spending for the executive branch
Executive (government)
Executive branch of Government is the part of government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy. The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the idea of the separation of powers.In many countries, the term...
, the BRD serves a purpose parallel to that of the Congressional Budget Office
Congressional Budget Office
The Congressional Budget Office is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides economic data to Congress....
for the estimation of spending for Congress, the Department of the Treasury
United States Department of the Treasury
The Department of the Treasury is an executive department and the treasury of the United States federal government. It was established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue...
for the estimation of revenues for the executive branch, and the Joint Committee on Taxation for the estimation of revenues for Congress.
The Legislative Reference Division has the important role of being the central clearing house across the federal government for proposed legislation or testimony by federal officials. It distributes proposed legislation and testimony to all relevant federal reviewers and distils the comments into a consensus opinion of the Administration about the proposal. They are also responsible for writing an Enrolled Bill Memorandum to the president once a bill is presented by both bodies of Congress for the president’s signature. The Enrolled Bill Memorandum details the particulars of the bill, opinions on the bill from relevant federal departments, and an overall opinion about whether the bill should be signed into law or vetoed. They also issue Statements of Administration Policy that let Congress know the White House’s official position on proposed legislation.
Organization
- Director, OMB
- Deputy Director, OMB
- Legal Affairs Division
- Legislative Affairs Division
- Strategic Planning and Communications Division
- Management and Operations Division
- Economic Policy Division
- Legislative Reference Division
- Budget Review Division
- Resource Management Offices
- Natural Resources Programs
- Education, Income Maintenance and Labor Programs
- Health Programs
- General Government Programs
- National Security Programs
- Deputy Director for Management and Chief Performance Officer
- Office of Federal Financial Management
- Office of Federal Procurement Policy
- Office of E-Government and Information Technology
- Office of Performance and Personnel Management
- Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs
- Deputy Director, OMB
Key staff
- Director of the Office of Management and Budget: Jacob LewJacob LewJacob "Jack" J. Lew is the Director of the United States Office of Management and Budget a position he previously held from 1998 to 2001.-Early life and education:...
- Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget: Heather HigginbottomHeather HigginbottomHeather A. Higginbottom has been confirmed by the U.S. Senate to serve as Deputy Director of the federal Office of Management and Budget. On October 20, 2011, the United States Senate voted 64-36 to confirm her nomination to the post...
- Deputy Director for Management (Chief Performance Officer): Jeffrey ZientsJeffrey ZientsJeffrey "Jeff" D. Zients is an American CEO, management consultant and entrepreneur. On July 30, 2010, he was named acting director of the Office of Management & Budget. President Obama appointed him to the new position of United States Chief Performance Officer...
- General Counsel: Preeta D. BansalPreeta D. BansalPreeta D. Bansal is an American lawyer who served as the General Counsel to the federal Office of Management and Budget from 2009 until announcing her departure for an undisclosed think tank in June 2011...
- General Counsel (designate): Boris BershteynBoris BershteynBoris Bershteyn is an Obama administration official who has been tapped to serve as the general counsel for the federal Office of Management and Budget. From 2010 until present, he has served as an Associate White House Counsel...
- Controller of the Office of Federal Financial Management: Daniel Werfel
- Administrator of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy: Daniel Gordon
- Administrator of the Office of E-Government & Information Technology (Chief Information OfficerChief Information Officer of the United StatesThe Federal Chief Information Officer is the administrator of the Office of Electronic Government, which in turn is part of the Office of Management and Budget. The position is appointed by the President and does not require senate confirmation. It was created by the E-Government Act of 2002.Vivek...
): Vivek KundraVivek KundraVivek Kundra served as the 1st Chief Information Officer of the United States from March, 2009 to August, 2011 under President Barack Obama. He is currently a visiting Fellow at Harvard University.He previously served in D.C... - Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs: Cass R. SunsteinCass SunsteinCass R. Sunstein is an American legal scholar, particularly in the fields of constitutional law, administrative law, environmental law, and law and behavioral economics, who currently is the Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Obama administration...
- General Counsel: Preeta D. Bansal
- Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget: Heather Higginbottom
List of Directors
| # | Name | Dates served | President | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | June 23, 1921 - June 30, 1922 | Warren G. Harding | Dawes would later become Vice President of the United States Vice President of the United States The Vice President of the United States is the holder of a public office created by the United States Constitution. The Vice President, together with the President of the United States, is indirectly elected by the people, through the Electoral College, to a four-year term... under Calvin Coolidge Calvin Coolidge John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. was the 30th President of the United States . A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state... and the U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom under Herbert Hoover Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover was the 31st President of the United States . Hoover was originally a professional mining engineer and author. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business... |
|
| 2 | July 1, 1922 - May 31, 1929 | Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover | ||
| 3 | August 15, 1929 - March 3, 1933 | Herbert Hoover | ||
| 4 | March 7, 1933 - August 31, 1934 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | ||
| 5 | September 1, 1934 - April 14, 1939 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | ||
| 6 | April 15, 1939 - June 19, 1946 | Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman | ||
| 7 | July 13, 1946 - January 27, 1949 | Harry S. Truman | Webb later became the second administrator of NASA NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research... under Presidents Kennedy John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy , often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.... and Johnson |
|
| 8 | February 1, 1949 - April 12, 1950 | Harry S. Truman | ||
| 9 | April 13, 1950 - January 21, 1953 | Harry S. Truman | ||
| 10 | January 22, 1953 - April 15, 1954 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | ||
| 11 | April 16, 1954 - April 1, 1956 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | ||
| 12 | April 2, 1956 - March 17, 1958 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | ||
| 13 | March 18, 1958 - January 21, 1961 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | ||
| 14 | January 22, 1961 - December 20, 1962 | John F. Kennedy | ||
| 15 | December 28, 1962 - June 1, 1965 | John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson | ||
| 16 | June 1, 1965 - January 28, 1968 | Lyndon B. Johnson | Schultze later served as Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Council of Economic Advisers The Council of Economic Advisers is an agency within the Executive Office of the President that advises the President of the United States on economic policy... under President Jimmy Carter. |
|
| 17 | January 29, 1968 - January 21, 1969 | Lyndon B. Johnson | ||
| 18 | January 22, 1969 - June 30, 1970 | Richard Nixon | ||
| 19 | July 1, 1970 - June 11, 1972 | Richard Nixon | Shultz had previously served President Nixon as Secretary of Labor United States Secretary of Labor The United States Secretary of Labor is the head of the Department of Labor who exercises control over the department and enforces and suggests laws involving unions, the workplace, and all other issues involving any form of business-person controversies.... and would later serve under him as Secretary of the Treasury and under Ronald Reagan as Secretary of State United States Secretary of State The United States Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. The Secretary is a member of the Cabinet and the highest-ranking cabinet secretary both in line of succession and order of precedence... . |
|
| 20 | June 12, 1972 - February 1, 1973 | Richard Nixon | Weinberger later served as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under Presidents Nixon and Ford, and as Secretary of Defense United States Secretary of Defense The Secretary of Defense is the head and chief executive officer of the Department of Defense of the United States of America. This position corresponds to what is generally known as a Defense Minister in other countries... under President Reagan |
|
| 21 | February 2, 1973 - February 3, 1975 | Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford | ||
| 22 | February 10, 1975 - January 20, 1977 | Gerald Ford | Lynn left to head Aetna Insurance Aetna Aetna, Inc. is an American health insurance company, providing a range of traditional and consumer directed health care insurance products and related services, including medical, pharmaceutical, dental, behavioral health, group life, long-term care, and disability plans, and medical management... |
|
| 23 | January 21, 1977 - September 23, 1977 | Jimmy Carter | Lance resigned amid a corruption Political corruption Political corruption is the use of legislated powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by... scandal |
|
| 24 | September 24, 1977 - January 20, 1981 | Jimmy Carter | ||
| 25 | January 21, 1981 - August 1, 1985 | Ronald Reagan | ||
| 26 | October 8, 1985 - October 15, 1988 | Ronald Reagan | ||
| 27 | October 16, 1988 - January 20, 1989 | Ronald Reagan | ||
| 28 | January 25, 1989 - January 20, 1993 | George H. W. Bush | ||
| 29 | January 21, 1993 - October 1994 | Bill Clinton | Panetta became President Clinton's Chief of Staff and serves under President Barack Obama as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Director of the Central Intelligence Agency serves as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, which is part of the United States Intelligence Community. The Director reports to the Director of National Intelligence . The Director is assisted by the Deputy Director of the Central... and United States Secretary of Defense United States Secretary of Defense The Secretary of Defense is the head and chief executive officer of the Department of Defense of the United States of America. This position corresponds to what is generally known as a Defense Minister in other countries... |
|
| 30 | October 17, 1994 - April 26, 1996 | Bill Clinton | Rivlin became a governor of the Federal Reserve after leaving OMB | |
| 31 | September 13, 1996 - May 21, 1998 | Bill Clinton | Raines became CEO of Fannie Mae Federal National Mortgage Association The Federal National Mortgage Association , commonly known as Fannie Mae, was founded in 1938 during the Great Depression as part of the New Deal. It is a government-sponsored enterprise , though it has been a publicly traded company since 1968... |
|
| 32 | May 21, 1998 - January 19, 2001 | Bill Clinton | Jacob Lew served as deputy director of OMB from 1995 to 1998 | |
| 33 | January 23, 2001 - June 6, 2003 | George W. Bush | Daniels left and successfully ran for governor of Indiana Indiana Indiana is a US state, admitted to the United States as the 19th on December 11, 1816. It is located in the Midwestern United States and Great Lakes Region. With 6,483,802 residents, the state is ranked 15th in population and 16th in population density. Indiana is ranked 38th in land area and is... |
|
| 34 | June 26, 2003 - April 15, 2006 | George W. Bush | Bolten became President Bush's Chief of Staff White House Chief of Staff The White House Chief of Staff is the highest ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President.The current White House Chief of Staff is Bill Daley.-History:... |
|
| 35 | May 26, 2006 - June 19, 2007 | George W. Bush | Portman had previously served President Bush as United States Trade Representative and was elected to the U.S. Senate from Ohio in 2010. | |
| 36 | September 4, 2007 - January 20, 2009 | George W. Bush | ||
| 37 | January 20, 2009 - July 30, 2010 | Barack Obama | ||
| 37 | July 30, 2010 - November 18, 2010 | Barack Obama | Acting Director during remainder of Orszag's term | |
| 38 | November 18, 2010 – present | Barack Obama |
Source:
See also
- Metropolitan Statistical Area
- United States Federal BudgetUnited States federal budgetThe Budget of the United States Government is the President's proposal to the U.S. Congress which recommends funding levels for the next fiscal year, beginning October 1. Congressional decisions are governed by rules and legislation regarding the federal budget process...
- Office of Federal Financial ManagementOffice of Federal Financial ManagementThe Office of Federal Financial Management is a sub-division the United States Office of Management and Budget.OFFM responsibilities include implementing the financial management improvement priorities of the President, establishing government-wide financial management policies of executive...
- Office of Federal Procurement Policy
- Office of E-Government & Information Technology
- Office of Information and Regulatory AffairsOffice of Information and Regulatory AffairsThe Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs is an office of the United States Government that Congress established in the 1980 Paperwork Reduction Act. OIRA is located within the Office of Management and Budget, which is an agency within the Executive Office of the President...
External links
- Office of Management and Budget - organization's web site
- Organisation Chart
- Death and Taxes: 2009 A visual guide and infographic of the 2009 United States federal discretionary budget request as prepared by the OMB.
- "The Decision Makers: Office of Management and Budget" GovExec.com, August 22, 2005
- OMB Regulatory Officials By Administration
- History OMB Regulatory Review