Unadilla class gunboat
Encyclopedia
The Unadilla class was a class of gunboat
Gunboat
A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets, as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare, or for ferrying troops or supplies.-History:...
built for the Union Navy
Union Navy
The Union Navy is the label applied to the United States Navy during the American Civil War, to contrast it from its direct opponent, the Confederate States Navy...
at the outbreak of the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
. They were also known as "90-day gunboats" due to their rapid construction. The class was designed to be fully oceangoing while having a light enough draft to be able to operate close inshore, for blockade
Blockade
A blockade is an effort to cut off food, supplies, war material or communications from a particular area by force, either in part or totally. A blockade should not be confused with an embargo or sanctions, which are legal barriers to trade, and is distinct from a siege in that a blockade is usually...
duty or other operations in shallow waters.
Ships of the class took part in many coastal and river operations, most notably as the bulk of the fleet which captured the vital Confederate
Confederate States of America
The Confederate States of America was a government set up from 1861 to 1865 by 11 Southern slave states of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S...
port of New Orleans in April 1862. As blockade ships, the 23 vessels of the class captured or destroyed no fewer than 146 enemy blockade runner
Blockade runner
A blockade runner is usually a lighter weight ship used for evading a naval blockade of a port or strait, as opposed to confronting the blockaders to break the blockade. Very often blockade running is done in order to transport cargo, for example to bring food or arms to a blockaded city...
s during the war— about 10 percent of the total number of Confederate blockade runners so neutralized.
The Unadilla class was sold off quickly by the Navy at the end of the war, most of them going into merchant service. Little is known about their subsequent careers.
Development
With the outbreak of the American Civil WarAmerican Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
in April 1861, the U.S. Navy
Union Navy
The Union Navy is the label applied to the United States Navy during the American Civil War, to contrast it from its direct opponent, the Confederate States Navy...
was faced with an urgent need for light-draft gunboats able to operate both at sea and close inshore to help enforce the Union blockade of Confederate
Confederate States of America
The Confederate States of America was a government set up from 1861 to 1865 by 11 Southern slave states of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S...
ports. Since the Navy's Chief Engineer, Benjamin F. Isherwood
Benjamin F. Isherwood
Benjamin Franklin Isherwood was an engineering officer in the United States Navy during the early days of steam-powered warships. He served as a ship's engineer during the Mexican–American War, and after the war did experimental work with steam propulsion...
, had recently designed and overseen construction at the Novelty Iron Works in New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
of the engines for two similar gunboats, built for the Imperial Russian Navy
Imperial Russian Navy
The Imperial Russian Navy refers to the Tsarist fleets prior to the February Revolution.-First Romanovs:Under Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich, construction of the first three-masted ship, actually built within Russia, was completed in 1636. It was built in Balakhna by Danish shipbuilders from Holstein...
, he had to hand a ready-made design suitable for the new U.S. Navy gunboats, which was accepted by Secretary of the Navy
United States Secretary of the Navy
The Secretary of the Navy of the United States of America is the head of the Department of the Navy, a component organization of the Department of Defense...
Gideon Welles
Gideon Welles
Gideon Welles was the United States Secretary of the Navy from 1861 to 1869. His buildup of the Navy to successfully execute blockades of Southern ports was a key component of Northern victory of the Civil War...
.
The two men agreed, as a time-saving measure, to award the first four engine contracts directly to the Novelty Works, dispensing with the usual tendering process; in the event the contracts for all 23 vessels of the class would be signed between 29 June and 10 July without Congressional approval. As a result, the first four vessels of the new Unadilla class were completed in the remarkably short time of about three months, earning the class as a whole the popular name "90-day gunboats".
Contract distribution and cost
All ships of the class were built in privately owned shipyards along the Eastern seaboard. Six contracts went to New YorkNew York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
shipbuilders, five to the State of Maine
Maine
Maine is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and south, New Hampshire to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast. Maine is both the northernmost and easternmost...
, four to Massachusetts
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...
, three each to Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south .Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately...
and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States,...
, and one each to Delaware
Delaware
Delaware is a U.S. state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland, and to the north by Pennsylvania...
and Maryland
Maryland
Maryland is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east...
. No individual shipyard built more than one ship. By contrast, reflecting the relative strength of the States' industrial bases, more than half the machinery contracts went to New York-based companies—seven to the Novelty Works, three to the Morgan Iron Works
Morgan iron works
The Morgan Iron Works was a 19th century manufacturing plant for marine steam engines located in New York City, United States. Originally founded as T. F...
and two to the Allaire Works
Allaire Iron Works
The Allaire Iron Works was a leading 19th-century American marine engineering company based in New York City. Founded in 1816 by engineer and philanthropist James P...
—while Pennsylvania companies accounted for another four, Massachusetts for three, Connecticut two and Delaware and Maryland one each.
Overall cost of the individual ships varied between $90,000 and $103,500, with cost of the hulls varying between $52,000 and $58,500. The largest price differential was for the machinery contracts, the first four of which, with the Novelty Works, were for only $31,500, as opposed to the $42,000 to $46,500 for the later ships. The difference is probably due primarily to the fact that the later vessels had 60% more boiler
Boiler
A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications.-Materials:...
power than the original four. Total cost of all 23 vessels was $2,170,000.
Hulls
The hullsHull (watercraft)
A hull is the watertight body of a ship or boat. Above the hull is the superstructure and/or deckhouse, where present. The line where the hull meets the water surface is called the waterline.The structure of the hull varies depending on the vessel type...
of the Unadilla-class gunboats were designed by Samuel H. Pook, under the direction of the Navy's Chief of the Bureau of Construction, Equipment and Repairs
Bureau of Construction and Repair
The Bureau of Construction and Repair was the part of the United States Navy which from 1862 to 1940 was responsible for supervising the design, construction, conversion, procurement, maintenance, and repair of ships and other craft for the Navy...
, John Lenthall. The design was possibly based on the 1860 rebuild of , designed by Pook's father Samuel M. Pook
Samuel M. Pook
Samuel Moore Pook was a Boston-based American naval architect and father of Samuel Hartt Pook, the noted clipper ship naval architect. In 1861, at the outbreak of the American Civil War, he designed the City class ironclads for James B. Eads...
. The hulls were 158 feet (48.2 m) in length on the waterline
Waterline
The term "waterline" generally refers to the line where the hull of a ship meets the water surface. It is also the name of a special marking, also known as the national Load Line or Plimsoll Line, to be positioned amidships, that indicates the draft of the ship and the legal limit to which a ship...
, with a beam
Beam (nautical)
The beam of a ship is its width at the widest point. Generally speaking, the wider the beam of a ship , the more initial stability it has, at expense of reserve stability in the event of a capsize, where more energy is required to right the vessel from its inverted position...
of 28 feet (8.5 m), hold depth of 12 feet (3.7 m) and draft of 9 in 6 in (2.9 m).
Some details of the six New York-built vessels are available. These ships had frames, keel
Keel
In boats and ships, keel can refer to either of two parts: a structural element, or a hydrodynamic element. These parts overlap. As the laying down of the keel is the initial step in construction of a ship, in British and American shipbuilding traditions the construction is dated from this event...
s and keelsons of white oak
White oak
Quercus alba, the white oak, is one of the pre-eminent hardwoods of eastern North America. It is a long-lived oak of the Fagaceae family, native to eastern North America and found from southern Quebec west to eastern Minnesota and south to northern Florida and eastern Texas. Specimens have been...
"of the best quality", with port stanchion
Stanchion
A stanchion is an upright bar or post, often providing support for some other object.* An architectural term applied to the upright iron bars in windows that pass through the eyes of the saddle bars or horizontal irons to steady the leadlight. A stanchion is an upright bar or post, often...
s of locust
Honey locust
The Honey locust, Gleditsia triacanthos, is a deciduous tree native to central North America. It is mostly found in the moist soil of river valleys ranging from southeastern South Dakota to New Orleans and central Texas, and as far east as eastern Massachusetts.-Description:Honey locusts, Gleditsia...
and live oak
Live oak
Live oak , also known as the southern live oak, is a normally evergreen oak tree native to the southeastern United States...
. The keels and keelsons were fastened with corrosion-resistant copper
Copper
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; an exposed surface has a reddish-orange tarnish...
bolts. The hulls were strengthened with diagonal iron braces, secured amidships "at the turn of the bilge
Bilge
The bilge is the lowest compartment on a ship where the two sides meet at the keel. The word was coined in 1513.-Bilge water:The word is sometimes also used to describe the water that collects in this compartment. Water that does not drain off the side of the deck drains down through the ship into...
" and running upward at a 45° angle to the outer frames. The ship stem
Stem (ship)
The stem is the very most forward part of a boat or ship's bow and is an extension of the keel itself and curves up to the wale of the boat. The stem is more often found on wooden boats or ships, but not exclusively...
s were also strengthened with iron strapping. According to some sources, ships of the class were built with unseasoned timber and would therefore have been expected to have short working lives.
Machinery
The ships of the Unadilla class were each powered by a pair of 30 inches (76.2 cm) bore, 18 inches (45.7 cm) stroke horizontal back-acting engines, driving a single screw propeller.As with the hulls, additional details for the machinery of the six New York-built ships are available; the machinery of the others was similar if not identical. The New York-built ships had two boilers each, of the Martin's vertical tubular type, placed side by side and spaced six inches apart. The boilers, "made of the best quality American charcoal iron", were 12 ft 3 in long, 8 ft 3 in wide and 9 ft 3 in high, with two furnaces each. The boilers were safety tested to a pressure of 60 psi
Pounds per square inch
The pound per square inch or, more accurately, pound-force per square inch is a unit of pressure or of stress based on avoirdupois units...
before installation. The engines were fitted with Sewell's patent surface condensers. The ships' propellers were four-bladed, and nine feet in diameter with a mean blade pitch of 12 feet 6 inches.
Sources vary as to the speed of the ships. Some give a speed of 10 knots, but 8 to 9 knots seems to have been the typical speed during the war. Recorded speeds vary all the way from 6 knots to 11.5 knots. In all likelihood, the performance of the vessels was less than ideal in wartime conditions due to infrequency of maintenance, particularly for the boilers.
Launch and commission
The first vessel of the class, Unadilla, was launched on 17 August 1861, barely two months after the signing of the contract. The rest rapidly followed, with another three being launched in August, four in September, fourteen in October and the last one, Penobscot, in November. Unadilla was again first to be commissioned, on 30 September, just 93 days after the laying of her keel. A total of eleven were commissioned before the end of the year, and another eleven by February 1862. Marblehead was the last ship of the class to enter commission, on 8 March.Though popularly known as the "90-day gunboats" then, only the first four vessels of the class were commissioned in anything like 90 days. The rest took an average of about three months just to launch. Overall, the ships averaged a little under six months from signing of the contract to commission.
Armament and complement
Vessels of the class were initially armed with one DahlgrenDahlgren gun
Dahlgren guns were muzzle loading naval artillery designed by Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren USN, mostly used in the period of the American Civil War. Dahlgren's design philosophy evolved from an accidental explosion in 1849 of a 32-pounder being tested for accuracy, killing a gunner...
11 in (27.9 cm) smoothbore
Smoothbore
A smoothbore weapon is one which has a barrel without rifling. Smoothbores range from handheld firearms to powerful tank guns and large artillery mortars.-History of firearms and rifling:...
cannon; two 24-pounder smoothbores and a single 20-pounder Parrott rifle
Parrott rifle
The Parrott rifle was a type of muzzle loading rifled artillery weapon used extensively in the American Civil War.-Parrott Rifle:The gun was invented by Robert Parker Parrott, a West Point graduate. He resigned from the service in 1836 and became the superintendent of the West Point Foundry in Cold...
. As the war continued, most of them were upgunned on an ad hoc basis, so that they ended up with a variety of different armaments.
The crew complement is listed in some recent sources as 114 officers and men; however, DANFS and other sources give varying figures for the individual ships, ranging from a complement of 65 (Sciota) to 94 (Aroostook), with an average per ship of 80. The reason for these apparent discrepancies is unknown.
Performance
Sources vary as to the performance of the Unadilla class. According to Bauer and Roberts, the ships "sailed well in a strong wind and handled easily but rolled badly." Gardiner is less generous, describing the vessels as "poor sailors; their machinery frequently broke down; the steering mechanism was inefficient; and they were slow; maximum speed being 8–9 knots."Thomas Main, a well-known contemporary engineer, criticized the engines of the class as "unusually heavy in all their parts", a common criticism of Isherwood's engines by private contractors. According to Main, the engines were fully 2.78 times heavier than required, leading to reduced efficiency and performance. Main notes that with a speed of only around 9 knots, the vessels were incapable of catching the faster blockade runners with speeds of 12 to 14 knots. Whatever their shortcomings, gunboats of the class were nonetheless to accumulate an "impressive" record of service during the war.
Service history
Though the main task of the Unadilla class was simply to enforce the blockade of Confederate ports in line with the Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan
The Anaconda Plan or Scott's Great Snake is the name widely applied to an outline strategy for subduing the seceding states in the American Civil War. Proposed by General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized the blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi...
, many ships of the class also participated in related operations against Confederate forts and population centers along the Southern coastline and its rivers. These operations included shore raids and invasions, bombardments, and engagements with enemy land or naval forces.
Battle of Port Royal
The first major such operation involving ships of the class occurred after the U.S. Navy determined that a supply port deep in Confederate territory would be required in order to effectively enforce the blockadeAnaconda Plan
The Anaconda Plan or Scott's Great Snake is the name widely applied to an outline strategy for subduing the seceding states in the American Civil War. Proposed by General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized the blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi...
of the Confederate coastline. In late October 1861, a large fleet of 77 ships, including 19 warships—the largest fleet then assembled by the Navy—departed New York with the capture of Port Royal, South Carolina
Port Royal, South Carolina
Port Royal is a town in Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States. Largely because of annexation of surrounding areas , the population of Port Royal rose from 3,950 in 2000 to 10,678 in 2010, a 170% increase. As defined by the U.S...
as its objective.
On 4 November, four gunboats of the fleet, including the Unadilla-class vessels , and , provided protection for the survey vessel as the latter made soundings in Port Royal harbor. The following morning, the same three Unadilla-class ships and two other gunboats returned to the harbor to engage the Confederate forts and gauge their strength. On 7 November, the entire Naval battle fleet, including the three previously mentioned Unadilla-class vessels along with a fourth, USS Unadilla, engaged and defeated the two enemy forts, thus capturing the harbor. Port Royal would subsequently become a key supply port for the Union cause.
Capture of New Orleans
On the night of April 20, Farragut despatched three of his Unadilla-class gunboats, Itasca, Kineo and Pinola to remove the chains obstructing the Mississippi River
Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the largest river system in North America. Flowing entirely in the United States, this river rises in western Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains...
below New Orleans. Though coming under heavy but inaccurate fire from Forts Jackson and St. Philip, the vessels were able to clear a narrow passage. On the night of the 24th, Farragut took the bulk of his fleet through the passage, though three of his Unadilla-class gunboats, Itasca, Kennebec and Winona, became entangled in the river obstructions and were forced to turn back. The rest of the fleet, however, continued on to New Orleans, which was forced to capitulate a few days later.
Vicksburg campaign
The capture of New Orleans enabled Naval forces to move further north along the Mississippi to threaten the key Confederate city of VicksburgVicksburg
Vicksburg is the name of some places in the United States of America:* Vicksburg, Florida* Vicksburg, Indiana* Vicksburg, Michigan* Vicksburg, Mississippi** The Vicksburg Campaign, an American Civil War campaign...
. Several ships of the class were subsequently involved in the ensuing Vicksburg Campaign
Vicksburg Campaign
The Vicksburg Campaign was a series of maneuvers and battles in the Western Theater of the American Civil War directed against Vicksburg, Mississippi, a fortress city that dominated the last Confederate-controlled section of the Mississippi River. The Union Army of the Tennessee under Maj. Gen....
. For example, in June 1862, several vessels of the class were involved in the "run past Vicksburg" to link up with the naval forces of the upper Mississippi, although this action proved to be of little significance. In August, Cayuga, Katahdin, Kineo and Sciota were involved in the Battle of Baton Rouge
Battle of Baton Rouge (1862)
The Battle of Baton Rouge was a ground and naval battle in the American Civil War fought in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, on August 5, 1862. The Union victory halted Confederate attempts to recapture the capital city of Louisiana.-Background:...
, and Katahdin and Winona in the recapture of the city in December. Vicksburg was however far too well defended to be threatened by the Navy, and defeat of the Confederate forces in this theater of operations was ultimately left to the Army.
Other actions
The Unadilla class was involved in numerous other operations against enemy-held territory during the war, most notably the Battle of Mobile BayBattle of Mobile Bay
The Battle of Mobile Bay of August 5, 1864, was an engagement of the American Civil War in which a Federal fleet commanded by Rear Adm. David G. Farragut, assisted by a contingent of soldiers, attacked a smaller Confederate fleet led by Adm...
in August 1864 and the First
First Battle of Fort Fisher
The First Battle of Fort Fisher, was a siege fought from December 23 to December 27, 1864, was a failed attempt by Union forces to capture the fort guarding Wilmington, North Carolina, the South's last major port on the Atlantic Ocean...
and Second
Second Battle of Fort Fisher
The Second Battle of Fort Fisher was a joint assault by Union Army and naval forces against Fort Fisher, outside Wilmington, North Carolina, near the end of the American Civil War...
battles of Fort Fisher
Fort Fisher
Fort Fisher was a Confederate fort during the American Civil War. It protected the vital trading routes of the port at Wilmington, North Carolina, from 1861 until its capture by the Union in 1865....
in December 1864 and January 1865 respectively. The main duty of the class, however, was maintenance of the blockade along the Confederate coast. While vessels of the class were too slow to catch the faster blockade runners, they nonetheless accumulated an impressive record of prizes during the war, capturing or destroying no less than 146 blockade runners during the war—almost 10% of the total number of blockade runners neutralized by the Union blockade. The most successful of the Unadillas in this regard were , with 21 prizes; Kanawha with 19; and with 13 each; and and with 11 apiece.
Only one ship of the class, Sciota, was sunk during the war, but ironically this vessel was sunk on two separate occasions. The first occurred on 14 July 1863 when collided with Sciota on the Mississippi, sinking the latter in about 12 feet of water. Sciota was raised and returned to service, but shortly after the war, on 14 July 1865—the day of Lincoln's
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through a great constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union, while ending slavery, and...
assassination—Sciota ran onto a mine in Mobile Bay
Mobile Bay
Mobile Bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, lying within the state of Alabama in the United States. Its mouth is formed by the Fort Morgan Peninsula on the eastern side and Dauphin Island, a barrier island on the western side. The Mobile River and Tensaw River empty into the northern end of the...
and was sunk a second time. Again she was salvaged, but this time only to be sold out of the Navy.
Postwar service
After the war, most of the ships of the Unadilla-class were quickly decommissioned and sold into merchant service. Seventeen had been decommissioned by August 1865, and fifteen of these had been sold by the end of the year, with the remaining two, Seneca and Penobscot, seeing no further naval service and being sold in 1868 and 1869 respectively. Some of these vessels were still in existence as late as 1885.Of the remaining six, Chocura and Tahoma briefly saw service with the Gulf Squadron in 1866-67 before being decommissioned and sold in the latter half of 1867; Marblehead saw service with the North Atlantic Squadron, and Huron in South American waters, until their decommission in late 1868 and subsequent sale.
The last two vessels of the class to see service with the Navy, and Unadilla, were transferred to the newly established Asiatic Squadron in 1867 and subsequently employed in the suppression of piracy
Piracy
Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence at sea. The term can include acts committed on land, in the air, or in other major bodies of water or on a shore. It does not normally include crimes committed against persons traveling on the same vessel as the perpetrator...
along the coast of China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
. In June 1868, Unadilla became the first American warship to enter Siam's Chao Phraya River
Chao Phraya River
The Chao Phraya is a major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country. It runs through Bangkok, the capital city, and then empties into the Gulf of Thailand.-Etymology:...
, bearing gifts from the President of the United States
President of the United States
The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
, Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States . As Vice-President of the United States in 1865, he succeeded Abraham Lincoln following the latter's assassination. Johnson then presided over the initial and contentious Reconstruction era of the United States following the American...
, to Chulalongkorn
Chulalongkorn
Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poramintharamaha Chulalongkorn Phra Chunla Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua , or Rama V was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri. He was known to the Siamese of his time as Phra Phuttha Chao Luang . He is considered one of the greatest kings of Siam...
, King of Siam.
In 1869, both Aroostook and Unadilla were condemned as unfit for further service due to rotting hulls—a legacy of their construction with unseasoned timber—and they were sold shortly thereafter. Unadilla became the merchant Dang Wee and was sunk in a collision off Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
in the fall of 1870; Aroostooks later history, like that of most other vessels of the class, is unknown.
List of ships
| Name | Builder | Built | Engine | Launch | Comm. | Decom. | Sold | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N. L. Thompson | Kennebunk, ME | Novelty | 1861-10-19 | 1862-02-20 | 1869-09-18 | 1869-09-18 | Asiatic Sqn. 1867-69; fate unknown | |
| Gildersleeve & Sons | East Haddam, CT | Woodruff | 1861-10-21 | 1862-02-21 | 1865-10-25 | 1865-10-25 | Merchant Veteran; converted to bark, 1869; still extant 1885 | |
| Webb & Bell | New York New York New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east... |
Morgan Morgan iron works The Morgan Iron Works was a 19th century manufacturing plant for marine steam engines located in New York City, United States. Originally founded as T. F... |
1861-09-14 | 1861-12-13 | 1865-06-24 | 1865-11-30 | Fate unknown | |
| Curtis & Tilden | Boston, MA | Loring | 1861-10-05 | 1862-02-15 | 1867-07-13 | 1867-07-13 | Fate unknown | |
| Paul Curtis | Boston, MA | Loring | 1861-09-21 | 1862-01-08 | 1868-10-08 | 1869-06-14 | Merchant D. H. Bills, 1869; still extant 1876 | |
| Hillman & Streaker Birely, Hillman & Streaker Birely, Hillman & Streaker was a prominent Philadelphian shipbuilding firm through the latter part of the 19th century. The shipyard specialized in the manufacturer of large wooden paddle steamers and wooden steamboats for the domestic American market.... |
Philadelphia, PA | Morris | 1861-10-01 | 1861-11-28 | 1865-08-22 | 1865-11-30 | Merchant Aurora 1865; sold foreign 1867 | |
| E.G. & W.H. Goodspeed | East Haddam, CT | Pacific | 1861-10-21 | 1862-01-21 | 1865-07-05 | 1866-06-13 | Merchant bark Mariano 1866; still extant 1878 | |
| Larrabee & Allen | Bath, ME | Morgan | 1861-10-12 | 1862-02-17 | 1865-07-14 | 1865-11-30 | Merchant Juno 1865; renamed Katahdin? | |
| G. W. Lawrence | Thomaston, ME | Novelty | 1861-10-05 | 1862-02-08 | 1865-08-09 | 1865-11-30 | Merchant Kennebec 1865; converted to barge, date unknown | |
| J. W. Dyer | Portland, ME | Morgan | 1861-10-09 | 1862-02-08 | 1865-05-09 | 1866-10-09 | Merchant schooner Lucy H. Gibson, 1866 | |
| G. W. Jackman | Newburyport, MA | Highland | 1861-10-16 | 1862-03-08 | 1868-09-04 | 1868-09-30 | Merchant bark Marblehead 1868; still extant 1876 | |
| J. A. Westervelt | New York, NY | Novelty | 1861-08-22 | 1861-10-07 | 1865-08-12 | 1865-10-25 | Fate unknown | |
| Charles H. Mallory | Mystic, CT | Novelty | 1861-10-05 | 1862-01-23 | 1865-07-12 | 1865-10-25 | Merchant Lulu 1865; converted to sail, 1869; extant 1885 | |
| Thomas Stack | Williamsburg, NY Williamsburg, Brooklyn Williamsburg is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, bordering Greenpoint to the north, Bedford-Stuyvesant to the south, Bushwick to the east and the East River to the west. The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community Board 1. The neighborhood is served by the NYPD's 90th ... |
Novelty | 1861-08-28 | 1861-10-16 | 1865-09-22 | 1865-11-30 | Merchant Charles E. Gibbons, 1865; conv. to schooner, 1866; extant 1878 | |
| Columbus P. Carter | Belfast, ME | Allaire Allaire Iron Works The Allaire Iron Works was a leading 19th-century American marine engineering company based in New York City. Founded in 1816 by engineer and philanthropist James P... |
1861-11-19 | 1862-01-16 | 1865-07-31 | 1869-10-19 | Fate unknown | |
| John J. Abrahams | Baltimore, MD | Reeder | 1861-10-03 | 1862-01-29 | 1865-07-15 | 1865-11-30 | Merchant bark Pinola, 1865 | |
| A. & G.T. Sampson | Boston, MA | Atlantic | 1861-09-18 | 1861-12-07 | 1864-12-01 | 1865-06-13 | Merchant Kaga no Kami, 1865; renamed Hijun 1868; Jap. warship Yoshun, 1868; Chinese merchant Daimyo | |
| Jacob Birely Birely, Hillman & Streaker Birely, Hillman & Streaker was a prominent Philadelphian shipbuilding firm through the latter part of the 19th century. The shipyard specialized in the manufacturer of large wooden paddle steamers and wooden steamboats for the domestic American market.... |
Philadelphia, PA | Morris | 1861-10-15 | 1861-12-15 | 1865 | 1865-10-25 | Sunk in collision w. , 14 Jul 1863; salvaged; returned to service; mined in Mobile Bay, AL, 14 Apr 1865; salvaged and sold | |
| Jeremiah Simonson | New York, NY | Novelty | 1861-08-27 | 1861-10-14 | 1865-06-24 | 1868-09-10 | Fate unknown | |
| W. & A. Thatcher | Wilmington, DE | Reaney Reaney, Son & Archbold Reaney, Son & Archbold was a short-lived 19th-century American iron shipbuilding company located on the Delaware River at Chester, Pennsylvania... |
1861-10-02 | 1861-12-20 | 1867-08-27 | 1867-10-7 | Fate unknown | |
| John Englis | New York, NY | Novelty | 1861-08-17 | 1861-09-30 | 1869? | 1869-11-09 | Asiatic Sqn. 1867-68; merchant Dang Wee, 1869; sunk in collision, 1870 | |
| C. & R. Poillon | New York, NY | Allaire | 1861-09-14 | 1861-12-11 | 1865-06-09 | 1865-11-30 | Merchant C. L. Taylor 1865; extant 1885 | |
| John W. Lynn | Philadelphia, PA | Merrick | 1861-10-02 | 1861-11-25 | 1865-07-01 | 1865-10-25 | Merchant Adele, 1865; extant 1885 |
TABLE LEGEND: Name = name of ship. Builder = shipbuilder. Built = where built. Engine = builder of engines and machinery; abbreviations as follows: Allaire = Allaire Iron Works
Allaire Iron Works
The Allaire Iron Works was a leading 19th-century American marine engineering company based in New York City. Founded in 1816 by engineer and philanthropist James P...
, NY; Highland = Highland Iron Works, Newburgh, NY; Loring = Harrison Loring, Boston, MA; Merrick = Merrick & Sons, Philadelphia, PA; Morgan = Morgan Iron Works
Morgan iron works
The Morgan Iron Works was a 19th century manufacturing plant for marine steam engines located in New York City, United States. Originally founded as T. F...
, NY; Morris = I. P. Morris & Co., Philadelphia, PA; Novelty = Novelty Iron Works, NY; Pacific = Pacific Iron Works, Bridgeport, CT; Reaney = Reaney, Son & Archbold
Reaney, Son & Archbold
Reaney, Son & Archbold was a short-lived 19th-century American iron shipbuilding company located on the Delaware River at Chester, Pennsylvania...
, Chester, PA; Reeder = Charles Reeder, Baltimore, MD; Woodruff = Woodruff & Beach, Hartford, CT. Launch = date of launch. Comm. = date of commission. Decom. = date of decommission. Sold = date of sale.
Sources for the table: Bauer and Roberts, pp. 74–75; Silverstone, pp. 49–54.