Trinec
Encyclopedia
Třinec (ˈtr̝̊ɪnɛts; Polish
: ) is a town in Frýdek-Místek District
, Moravian-Silesian Region
of the Czech Republic
. It lies on the Olza River
, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia
. The town has 37,405 inhabitants as of 2009, in 2001 17.7% of the population were Poles
. The town is notable for its steel plant, the Třinec Iron and Steel Works
, largest one in the Czech Republic, which still has a major impact on the town, on its character, demographics and air pollution
.
Třinec is also an important cultural center of the Polish minority in Zaolzie.
, iron ore and clay
. The area also offered a large enough work force, so it was decided to build an iron works. In 1836 the construction of the first metallurgical furnace had begun. The iron mill began operation in 1839, becoming the largest one in the entire Cieszyn Silesia
. First schools (Polish-German) in Třinec were created by the initiative of the iron works in 1851. After the construction of Košice-Bohumín Railway
line in 1871, the rapid development of the town occurred. After the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920 it became a part of Czechoslovakia
. Třinec gained town rights in 1931. In October 1938, together with the whole region known as Zaolzie
, it was annexed by Poland
, and during World War II
was a part of Nazi Germany
. After the war it again became part of Czechoslovakia and eventually surrounding villages were incorporated into Třinec.
in the north-east of the Czech Republic
, very close to the Polish
border and also near the Slovak
border with an elevation of approximately 300 m (984.25 ft) above sea level
. It's situated approximately 45 km (28 mi) away from the city of Ostrava
and about 400 km (249 mi) from the country's capital, Prague
. The town is surrounded by the picturesque Beskydy mountain range
, a popular place for cycling
, skiing
, cross-country skiing
, hiking
and paragliding
. The town itself comprises the main town built around the steel works but also incorporates a number of surrounding villages.
sports arena, or alternatively at the Třinec-Borek football ground. The years biggest events are the 'Hutnický den' which takes place in May and 'Noc Plná Hvězd' (Star-Studded Night) in the summer, both of which feature numerous live performance from bands and artists from all over the country and abroad. This year's Hutnický den festival featured popular singer Lucie Bílá
, previous years have included performances from local singing talent Ewa Farna
among others, while Noc Plná Hvězd was headlined by American metal band Anthrax
, and English bands Saxon
and Blaze Bayley
. Another yearly event is the 'Zlot' concert in the nearby town of Bystřice
aimed at the local Polish population.
and football are by far the town's biggest sports. The ice hockey team, HC Oceláři Třinec
, who currently play in the Czech Extraliga
, the top tier of Czech ice hockey, have a massive following and fan base in the town. The season's bigger matches can draw a crowd of more than 5000 people. The team holds a rivalry with HC Vítkovice
and also with the capital town teams HC Sparta Praha
and HC Slavia Praha.
The town's football team, FK Fotbal Třinec
, has seen a rise in popularity after its promotion to the Czech 2. Liga
several years ago. The average attendance for league matches is now more than a thousand. A rivalry with neighboring sides FC Vítkovice
and MFK Karviná
has also been established.
Třinec also has a popular athletics team.
, a large number speaks in a Cieszyn Silesian dialect
, a mixture of Czech
, Polish
and German
. The dialect is very specific to the whole region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Polish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
: ) is a town in Frýdek-Místek District
Frýdek-Místek District
Frýdek-Místek District is a district within the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. Its administrative center is the city of Frýdek-Místek. It was created by 1960 reform of administrative divisions...
, Moravian-Silesian Region
Moravian-Silesian Region
Moravian-Silesian Region , or Moravo-Silesian Region, is one of 14 administrative Regions of the Czech Republic, until May 2001 it was formerly called the Ostrava Region . The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the...
of the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
. It lies on the Olza River
Olza River
is a river in Poland and the Czech Republic, the right tributary of the Oder River. It flows from the Silesian Beskids through southern Cieszyn Silesia in Poland and Frýdek-Místek and Karviná districts of the Czech Republic, often forming the border with Poland. It flows into the Oder River north...
, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia or Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered around the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic...
. The town has 37,405 inhabitants as of 2009, in 2001 17.7% of the population were Poles
Polish minority in the Czech Republic
The Polish minority in the Czech Republic is a Polish national minority living mainly in the Zaolzie region of western Cieszyn Silesia. The Polish community is the only national minority in the Czech Republic that is linked to a specific geographical area. Zaolzie is located in the north-eastern...
. The town is notable for its steel plant, the Třinec Iron and Steel Works
Trinec Iron and Steel Works
Třinec Iron and Steel Works is a producer of long rolled steel products in Třinec, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. TŽ produces over a third of all steel produced in the Czech Republic . Since its establishment, Třinecké železárny's plants have produced more than 150 million tons of...
, largest one in the Czech Republic, which still has a major impact on the town, on its character, demographics and air pollution
Air pollution
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere....
.
Třinec is also an important cultural center of the Polish minority in Zaolzie.
History
The village of Třinec was founded in the 14th century. Třinec is first mentioned in a written document in 1444. The majority of the population worked in agriculture. The area was, however, rich in limestoneLimestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate . Many limestones are composed from skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera....
, iron ore and clay
Clay
Clay is a general term including many combinations of one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxides and organic matter. Geologic clay deposits are mostly composed of phyllosilicate minerals containing variable amounts of water trapped in the mineral structure.- Formation :Clay minerals...
. The area also offered a large enough work force, so it was decided to build an iron works. In 1836 the construction of the first metallurgical furnace had begun. The iron mill began operation in 1839, becoming the largest one in the entire Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia or Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered around the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic...
. First schools (Polish-German) in Třinec were created by the initiative of the iron works in 1851. After the construction of Košice-Bohumín Railway
Košice-Bohumín Railway
The Košice–Bohumín Railway can refer to:*originally: A private railway company established in 1869 in Austria-Hungary. In 1924 the company was nationalised and put under the Czechoslovak State Railways....
line in 1871, the rapid development of the town occurred. After the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920 it became a part of Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
. Třinec gained town rights in 1931. In October 1938, together with the whole region known as Zaolzie
Zaolzie
Zaolzie is the Polish name for an area now in the Czech Republic which was disputed between interwar Poland and Czechoslovakia. The name means "lands beyond the Olza River"; it is also called Śląsk zaolziański, meaning "trans-Olza Silesia". Equivalent terms in other languages include Zaolší in...
, it was annexed by Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, and during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
was a part of Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
. After the war it again became part of Czechoslovakia and eventually surrounding villages were incorporated into Třinec.
Geography
The town of Třinec is located in the Moravian-Silesian RegionMoravian-Silesian Region
Moravian-Silesian Region , or Moravo-Silesian Region, is one of 14 administrative Regions of the Czech Republic, until May 2001 it was formerly called the Ostrava Region . The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the...
in the north-east of the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
, very close to the Polish
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
border and also near the Slovak
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
border with an elevation of approximately 300 m (984.25 ft) above sea level
Sea level
Mean sea level is a measure of the average height of the ocean's surface ; used as a standard in reckoning land elevation...
. It's situated approximately 45 km (28 mi) away from the city of Ostrava
Ostrava
Ostrava is the third largest city in the Czech Republic and the second largest urban agglomeration after Prague. Located close to the Polish border, it is also the administrative center of the Moravian-Silesian Region and of the Municipality with Extended Competence. Ostrava was candidate for the...
and about 400 km (249 mi) from the country's capital, Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
. The town is surrounded by the picturesque Beskydy mountain range
Moravian-Silesian Beskids
The Moravian-Silesian Beskids is a mountain range in the Czech Republic with a small part reaching to Slovakia. It lies on the historical division between Moravia and Silesia, hence the name...
, a popular place for cycling
Cycling
Cycling, also called bicycling or biking, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, or for sport. Persons engaged in cycling are cyclists or bicyclists...
, skiing
Skiing
Skiing is a recreational activity using skis as equipment for traveling over snow. Skis are used in conjunction with boots that connect to the ski with use of a binding....
, cross-country skiing
Cross-country skiing
Cross-country skiing is a winter sport in which participants propel themselves across snow-covered terrain using skis and poles...
, hiking
Hiking
Hiking is an outdoor activity which consists of walking in natural environments, often in mountainous or other scenic terrain. People often hike on hiking trails. It is such a popular activity that there are numerous hiking organizations worldwide. The health benefits of different types of hiking...
and paragliding
Paragliding
Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of flying paragliders: lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider aircraft with no rigid primary structure...
. The town itself comprises the main town built around the steel works but also incorporates a number of surrounding villages.
Music and Culture
There are a number of musical concerts that take place in the town throughout the year. They are usually held at the local football stadium or the Třinecký Zimní StadionTrinecký Zimní Stadion
Werk Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in Třinec, Czech Republic. The capacity of the arena is 5,200 people of which 3700 are seats.The arena was built in 1967, the roof was provided in 1976. It is currently home to the HC Oceláři Třinec ice hockey team...
sports arena, or alternatively at the Třinec-Borek football ground. The years biggest events are the 'Hutnický den' which takes place in May and 'Noc Plná Hvězd' (Star-Studded Night) in the summer, both of which feature numerous live performance from bands and artists from all over the country and abroad. This year's Hutnický den festival featured popular singer Lucie Bílá
Lucie Bílá
Lucie Bílá is a Czech pop singer. With a powerful, distinctively intense voice and impressive range, she is one of the most famous and celebrated female artists in Czech Republic history...
, previous years have included performances from local singing talent Ewa Farna
Ewa Farna
Ewa Farna is a Polish pop rock singer from the Czech Republic. She was born in Třinec, and belongs to the Polish minority in the Czech Republic. Farna released three studio albums with Czech lyrics, which sold platinum in the Czech Republic and were later re-recorded and released with Polish lyrics...
among others, while Noc Plná Hvězd was headlined by American metal band Anthrax
Anthrax (band)
Anthrax is an American heavy metal band from New York City, formed in 1981. Founded by guitarists Scott Ian and Danny Lilker, the band has since released ten studio albums and 20 singles, and an EP featuring Public Enemy. The band was one of the most popular of the 1980s thrash metal scene...
, and English bands Saxon
Saxon (band)
Saxon are an English heavy metal band, formed in 1976 in Barnsley, Yorkshire. As front-runners of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, they had 8 UK Top 40 albums in the 1980s including 4 UK Top 10 albums. Saxon also had numerous singles in the Top 20 singles chart...
and Blaze Bayley
Blaze Bayley
Blaze Bayley is an English singer and songwriter. He has been the lead singer of Wolfsbane from 1984 to 1994, and nowadays since their recent reunion. Blaze is however world-known for having been the lead singer of British metal band Iron Maiden from 1994 to 1999...
. Another yearly event is the 'Zlot' concert in the nearby town of Bystřice
Bystrice (Frýdek-Místek District)
is a large village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 5,173 , Poles are 29.7% of the population. It lies between the Silesian and Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain ranges, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia...
aimed at the local Polish population.
Sports
Ice hockeyIce hockey
Ice hockey, often referred to as hockey, is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into their opponent's net. The game is played between two teams of six players each. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take...
and football are by far the town's biggest sports. The ice hockey team, HC Oceláři Třinec
HC Ocelári Trinec
HC Oceláři Třinec is an ice hockey team who play in the Czech Extraliga, the top tier of Czech ice hockey. Their home arena is Werk Arena in Třinec...
, who currently play in the Czech Extraliga
Czech Extraliga
The Czech Extraliga is the highest-level ice hockey league in the Czech Republic. As of 2009, it is ranked by the IIHF as the third strongest league in Europe....
, the top tier of Czech ice hockey, have a massive following and fan base in the town. The season's bigger matches can draw a crowd of more than 5000 people. The team holds a rivalry with HC Vítkovice
HC Vítkovice
HC Vítkovice Steel is an ice hockey club based in Ostrava in the Czech Republic, competing in the Czech Extraliga. It plays in the newly reconstructed ČEZ Aréna ....
and also with the capital town teams HC Sparta Praha
HC Sparta Praha
HC Sparta Praha is a Prague based Czech ice hockey team playing in Czech Extraliga.-Team History:Founded in 1903 by Canadian expatriate Lyle P. O'Connor, HC Sparta Praha was among the first bandy teams to play on a semi-professional level in the Austro-Hungarian Empire...
and HC Slavia Praha.
The town's football team, FK Fotbal Třinec
FK Fotbal Trinec
FK Fotbal Třinec is a football club based in Třinec, Czech Republic. It plays in the Czech 2. Liga. It is sponsored by the Třinec Iron and Steel Works, in the past the club bore the name of the company...
, has seen a rise in popularity after its promotion to the Czech 2. Liga
Czech 2. Liga
The 2. liga or Druhá liga is the lower tier of the two professional football leagues in the Czech Republic. The top two teams are promoted to the Gambrinus liga.-Structure:There are 16 clubs in the Czech 2. Liga...
several years ago. The average attendance for league matches is now more than a thousand. A rivalry with neighboring sides FC Vítkovice
FC Vítkovice
FC Vítkovice is a football club from Vítkovice, Ostrava, Czech Republic. It was founded in 1919 and announced bankruptcy in 2011. The club won the Czechoslovak First League in the 1985–86 season....
and MFK Karviná
MFK Karviná
MFK OKD Karviná is an Czech football club located in Karviná, Czech Republic. It currently plays in Czech 2. Liga. The team's colors are green and white.- History :...
has also been established.
Třinec also has a popular athletics team.
Local dialect
Although the majority of the town's population speak CzechCzech language
Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers; it is the majority language in the Czech Republic and spoken by Czechs worldwide. The language was known as Bohemian in English until the late 19th century...
, a large number speaks in a Cieszyn Silesian dialect
Cieszyn Silesian dialect
Cieszyn Silesian dialect is one of the Silesian dialects. It has its roots mainly in Polish and has also strong Czech and German influences and even Vlachs' and Slovak. It is spoken in Cieszyn Silesia, a region on both sides of the Polish-Czech border. It lacks some official codification and...
, a mixture of Czech
Czech language
Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers; it is the majority language in the Czech Republic and spoken by Czechs worldwide. The language was known as Bohemian in English until the late 19th century...
, Polish
Polish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
and German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
. The dialect is very specific to the whole region of Cieszyn Silesia.
People
- Lenka CenkováLenka CenkováLenka Cenková is a former professional Czech tennis player. Her career highlights where years 1996 and 1997. She quit tennis in 2001.-Singles:...
, tennis player - Jana CieslarováJana CieslarováJana Cieslarová is a Czech orienteering competitor, that competed for Czechoslovakia until 1992. She won the 1991 Short distance World Orienteering Championships. She also has a silver medal in the Relay championship from 1989, and bronze medals from 1991, 1993 and 1995.-References:...
, orienteer - Michaela DolinováMichaela DolinováMichaela Dolinová is a Czech actress and TV presenter. She studied in Prague before moving to the Kladno theatre where she played in a variety of classical roles...
, Czech actress and TV presenter - Ewa FarnaEwa FarnaEwa Farna is a Polish pop rock singer from the Czech Republic. She was born in Třinec, and belongs to the Polish minority in the Czech Republic. Farna released three studio albums with Czech lyrics, which sold platinum in the Czech Republic and were later re-recorded and released with Polish lyrics...
, PolishPolesthumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
singer - Tomáš KlusTomáš KlusTomáš Klus is a Czech musician and songwriter from the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.Klus was born in the industrial town of Třinec, where he spent most of his childhood. Both his parents were folk music fans, taking Tomáš with them to many different concerts and music festivals...
, musician - Tadeusz KrausTadeusz KrausTadeusz Kraus is a former Polish footballer from Zaolzie, who represented Czechoslovakia. He is considered the best Polish football player from Zaolzie ever....
, Polish football player - Vojtěch KučeraVojtěch KučeraVojtěch Kučera is a Czech poet and literary editor. He studied geography at the Faculty of Science of the Masaryk University in Brno...
, poet - Edvard LasotaEdvard LasotaEdvard Lasota is a former Czech football player who played mostly as a midfielder. Spending most of his career in the Czech leagues he had short spells in Italy with AC Reggiana and Salernitana. He also played for the Czech Republic, having 15 caps and 2 goals.-International goals:-External...
, Czech football player - Eduard OvčáčekEduard OvčáčekEduard Ovčáček , Czech graphic artist, sculptor, lettrist, painter and professor at University of Ostrava....
, lettrist, graphic artist, painter and sculptor - Soňa PertlováSoňa PertlováSoňa Pertlová was a Czech chess player.Pertlová was Czech U12 girl champion in 2000, U16 champion in 2002 and U20 champion in 2007. She finished second in Czech U18 championship in 2006...
, chess player - Petr PravecPetr PravecPetr Pravec is a Czech astronomer, born in Třinec, a prolific discoverer of binary asteroids using lightcurve photometric studies. He is leading the effort of a large consortium of stations called BinAst to look for multiplicity in the NEA and inner main-belt populations...
, astronomer - Lukáš RakowskiLukáš RakowskiLukáš Rakowski is a Czech figure skater. He is the 1999-2001 Czech Republic national champion.-Results:-External links:...
, figure skater - Roman SikoraRoman SikoraRoman Sikora is a contemporary Czech playwright and journalist. He grew up in the town of Třinec in eastern Czech Republic where he worked in the local steel plant, Třinec Iron and Steel Works before moving to Brno...
, Czech playwright - Martin StaszkoMartin StaszkoMartin Staszko is a Czech poker player from Třinec, best known as the runner-up of the Main Event at the 2011 World Series of Poker, where he finished second to Pius Heinz.- Life :...
, professional poker player - Petr ŠiškaPetr ŠiškaPetr Šiška is a Czech TV presenter, musician, and occasional songwriter.He is currently the host on Czech game show 'Nic než pravda' on Czech TV channel Prima, based on the American Game show The Moment of Truth.Šiška is a successful songwriter as well, having written texts for singers such as...
, TV presenter, musician and songwriter - Robert ŠulganRobert ŠulganRobert Šulgan is a Czech professional heavyweight boxer and a holder of the Czech Heavyweight title.-Early career:Šulgan started boxing at the age of sixteen for an amateur club in the nearby town, Frýdek-Místek...
, professional boxer - Václav SvěrkošVáclav SverkošVáclav Svěrkoš is a Czech footballer who is currently playing for FC Baník Ostrava in Czech Gambrinus liga. He was the opening scorer in the Euro 2008 tournament.- Gambrinus liga :...
, Czech football player - David SzurmanDavid SzurmanDavid Szurman is a retired Czech ice dancer. With partner Kateřina Kovalová, he is the 2000 & 2001 Czech national champion. They placed 20th at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Their highest placement at an ISU Championship was 17th at the 2000 European Figure Skating Championships...
, Czech ice dancer - Petr WojnarPetr WojnarPetr Wojnar is a Czech football player who currently plays as a midfielder for FK Mladá Boleslav in the Gambrinus liga.He was a member of the Czech under-20 squad in the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup.-External links:* *...
, football player