The Game of Life
Encyclopedia
The Game of Life, also known simply as LIFE, is a board game
originally created in 1860 by Milton Bradley
, as The Checkered Game of Life (and later produced by the Milton Bradley Company
of Springfield, Massachusetts
). The Game of Life was America's first popular parlor game. The game simulates a person's travels through his or her life, from college to retirement, with jobs, marriage, and possible children along the way. Two to six players can participate in one game; however, variations of the game have been made to accommodate a maximum of eight or ten players.
The modern version was originally published 100 years later, in 1960. It was created by toy and game designer Reuben Klamer
and was "heartily endorsed" by Art Linkletter
. It is now part of the permanent collection of the Smithsonian
's National Museum of American History
. It later spawned a book, The Game of Life: How to Succeed in Real Life No Matter Where You Land (Running Press
), by Lou Harry
.
The game was originally created in 1860 by Milton Bradley
as The Checkered Game of Life. This was the first game created by Bradley, a successful lithographer, whose major product until that time was a portrait of Abraham Lincoln
with a clean-shaven face, which did not do well once the subject grew his famous beard. The game sold 45,000 copies by the end of its first year. Like many games from the 19th century, such as The Mansion of Happiness
by S.B. Ives in 1843, it had a strong moral
message.
Bradley's game did not include dice
, instead using a teetotum
, a six-sided top
(dice were considered too similar to gambling
).
The game board was essentially a modified checkerboard
. The object was to land on the "good" spaces and collect 100 points. A player could gain 50 points by reaching "Happy Old Age" in the upper-right corner, opposite "Infancy" where one began.
In 1960, the 100th anniversary of The Checkered Game of Life, the first modern version of The Game of Life, a collaboration between Reuben Klamer
and Bill Markham, was introduced. There were many re-publishings over the years, including (1959?), 1961, 1966, 1978, 1985, 1992, 2000, and 2005.
s, buildings, and other three-dimensional
objects. Playing pieces are small, colored, plastic automobile
s which come in red, blue, white, yellow, orange, and green; each car has six holes in the top in which blue and/or pink "people pegs" are placed throughout the game as the player "gets married" and has or adopts "children". Some "early modern" editions have eight automobiles.
Each game also includes a setup for a bank
, which includes play money (in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000, $20,000, $50,000, and $100,000. The $500 bills were dropped by the 1980s, as were the $1,000 bills by 1992.), insurance
policies (automobile, life, fire, and/or homeowners' insurance depending on the version), $20,000 promissory note
s and stock
certificates. Other tangibles vary with the game version..
This version had Art Linkletter
as the spokesman, included his likeness on the $100,000 bills (with his name displayed on the bills as "Arthur Linkletter Esq.
") and a rousing endorsement from Linkletter on the cover of the box. It was advertised as a "Milton Bradley 100th Anniversary Game" and as "A Full 3-D Action Game."
). This description focuses on the later version with the larger dollar amounts.
The late 1980s version also replaced the familiar convertibles from earlier versions with Chrysler
-esque minivans. Early 1960s-era convertibles were still used in the 1978 edition sets.
version of the game was produced by Hasbro which added computerized moves and short animations to the game. An option was also given for players to compete in games over the Internet
.
Several features of the 1980s version were also resurrected for this version of the game, such as "collecting presents" for marriage and kids (one spin at $2,000 times spin for marriage, one spin at $1,000 times spin for a child, two spins at $1,000 per spin for twins) and exacting "Revenge" on other players (If one landed on a Pay Day space, one would take an amount of money equal to one's salary from a player spun the wheel on their turn, this time to gain or lose money). The difference between Countryside Acres and Millionaire Estates is that the former only had one space in which the player could lose money, but the payouts were lower. The latter offered bigger payouts, but also had more numerous and severe penalty spaces, thus adding more risk to retiring here. This changed retiring strategy quite a bit, making come-from-behind victories possible if Millionaire Estate retirees' luck turned for the worse.
plays too large a role in determining the winner of the game, with Life Cards, which are essentially random, being the prime determinant of the winner. Aspects of the game where a user has to make a decision, such as attending college or purchasing insurance, have a very small effect in the outcome.
There has also been criticism from one source pertaining to the game's story. The story of the game can suggest a possibly unrealistic life where everyone goes to school, gets married, buys a house, and has a family, before finally retiring with the most money. Thus the game may not leave room for progressive lifestyles such as families with same sex couples, no children, a different type of job, etc.
The Game of Life in Monstropolis (Monsters, Inc.
) (2001)
Sailor Moon
Edition (Japan Only)
The Game of Life Card Game
(2002)
Fame Edition (or Game of Life Junior/travel version) (2002)
Star Wars
: A Jedi
's Path (2002)
Pirates of the Caribbean
(2004)
The Simpsons
Edition (2004)
Bikini Bottom SpongeBob SquarePants
Edition (2004)
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
(2006)
The Game of Life/Yahtzee/Payday
Game Boy Advance
game
Twists and Turns
Edition (2007)
The Game of Life Express (2007)http://www.boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/36510/the-game-of-life-express
Monsters, Inc version
The Game of Life Wii
game (2008)
Indiana Jones
Edition (2008, Target exclusive)
Pokémon
Edition (Japan only)
SpongeBob SquarePants
Edition (2008)
Family Guy
Collectors Edition (2008)
The Game of Life WiiWare
game (2009) (Japan Only)
The Wizard of Oz
Edition (2009)
The Game of Life - Haunted Mansion Theme Park Edition (2009)
The Game of Life Classic Edition iPhone
game (2009)
Hasbro Family Game Night 3
for Xbox360, Wii
, and Playstation 3
video game platforms
Rite Aid Pharmacy, The Game of Life Collect and Win game (2010)
The Game of Life High School Edition (aka "Pink Edition")
LIFE: Rock Star Edition
TV Show Edition on The Hub (2011)
Board game
A board game is a game which involves counters or pieces being moved on a pre-marked surface or "board", according to a set of rules. Games may be based on pure strategy, chance or a mixture of the two, and usually have a goal which a player aims to achieve...
originally created in 1860 by Milton Bradley
Milton Bradley
Milton Bradley , an American game pioneer, was credited by many with launching the board game industry in North America with Milton Bradley Company....
, as The Checkered Game of Life (and later produced by the Milton Bradley Company
Milton Bradley Company
The Milton Bradley Company is an American game company established by Milton Bradley in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1860. In 1920, it absorbed the game production of McLoughlin Brothers, formerly the largest game manufacturer in the United States, and in 1987, it purchased Selchow and Righter,...
of Springfield, Massachusetts
Springfield, Massachusetts
Springfield is the most populous city in Western New England, and the seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. Springfield sits on the eastern bank of the Connecticut River near its confluence with three rivers; the western Westfield River, the eastern Chicopee River, and the eastern...
). The Game of Life was America's first popular parlor game. The game simulates a person's travels through his or her life, from college to retirement, with jobs, marriage, and possible children along the way. Two to six players can participate in one game; however, variations of the game have been made to accommodate a maximum of eight or ten players.
The modern version was originally published 100 years later, in 1960. It was created by toy and game designer Reuben Klamer
Reuben Klamer
Reuben Klamer is an inventor of the classic Milton Bradley board game The Game Of Life. Mr. Klamer also has over 200 "to market" toys, games and inventions to his credit to date....
and was "heartily endorsed" by Art Linkletter
Art Linkletter
Arthur Gordon "Art" Linkletter was a Canadian-born American radio and television personality. He was the host of House Party, which ran on CBS radio and television for 25 years, and People Are Funny, on NBC radio-TV for 19 years...
. It is now part of the permanent collection of the Smithsonian
Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution is an educational and research institute and associated museum complex, administered and funded by the government of the United States and by funds from its endowment, contributions, and profits from its retail operations, concessions, licensing activities, and magazines...
's National Museum of American History
National Museum of American History
The National Museum of American History: Kenneth E. Behring Center collects, preserves and displays the heritage of the United States in the areas of social, political, cultural, scientific and military history. Among the items on display are the original Star-Spangled Banner and Archie Bunker's...
. It later spawned a book, The Game of Life: How to Succeed in Real Life No Matter Where You Land (Running Press
Running Press
The Running Press is a member of the Perseus Books Group, the imprint is the publisher of fiction, non-fiction, cooking, humor, and kit books. The publisher's offices are located in Philadelphia, but many of the corporate functions take place in New York City....
), by Lou Harry
Lou Harry
Lou Harry is an Indianapolis-based writer. His novel, The High-Impact Infidelity Diet, was released in 2005 by Random House/Three Rivers Press. His latest book, "Kid Culture" was released in October 2008 by Cider Mill Press...
.
History
Milton Bradley
Milton Bradley , an American game pioneer, was credited by many with launching the board game industry in North America with Milton Bradley Company....
as The Checkered Game of Life. This was the first game created by Bradley, a successful lithographer, whose major product until that time was a portrait of Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through a great constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union, while ending slavery, and...
with a clean-shaven face, which did not do well once the subject grew his famous beard. The game sold 45,000 copies by the end of its first year. Like many games from the 19th century, such as The Mansion of Happiness
The Mansion of Happiness
The Mansion of Happiness: An Instructive Moral and Entertaining Amusement is a children's board game inspired by Christian morality. Players race about a sixty-six space spiral track depicting virtues and vices with their goal being The Mansion of Happiness at track's end...
by S.B. Ives in 1843, it had a strong moral
Moral
A moral is a message conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story or event. The moral may be left to the hearer, reader or viewer to determine for themselves, or may be explicitly encapsulated in a maxim...
message.
Bradley's game did not include dice
Dice
A die is a small throwable object with multiple resting positions, used for generating random numbers...
, instead using a teetotum
Teetotum
A teetotum is a form of gambling spinning top. It has a polygonal body marked with letters or numbers, which indicate the result of each spin. In its earliest form the body was square , marked on the four sides by the letters A A teetotum (or T-totum) is a form of gambling spinning top. It has a...
, a six-sided top
Top
A top is a toy that can be spun on an axis, balancing on a point. This motion is produced in the most simple forms of top by twirling the stem using the fingers. More sophisticated tops are spun by by holding the axis firmly while pulling a string or twisting a stick or pushing an auger as shown...
(dice were considered too similar to gambling
Gambling
Gambling is the wagering of money or something of material value on an event with an uncertain outcome with the primary intent of winning additional money and/or material goods...
).
The game board was essentially a modified checkerboard
Checkerboard
A checkerboard or chequerboard is a board of chequered pattern on which English draughts is played. It is an 8×8 board and the 64 squares are of alternating dark and light color, often red and black....
. The object was to land on the "good" spaces and collect 100 points. A player could gain 50 points by reaching "Happy Old Age" in the upper-right corner, opposite "Infancy" where one began.
In 1960, the 100th anniversary of The Checkered Game of Life, the first modern version of The Game of Life, a collaboration between Reuben Klamer
Reuben Klamer
Reuben Klamer is an inventor of the classic Milton Bradley board game The Game Of Life. Mr. Klamer also has over 200 "to market" toys, games and inventions to his credit to date....
and Bill Markham, was introduced. There were many re-publishings over the years, including (1959?), 1961, 1966, 1978, 1985, 1992, 2000, and 2005.
Setup
The modern game consists of a track on which players travel by spinning a small wheel with spaces numbered 1 through 10 located in the middle of the board. The board also contains small mountainMountain
Image:Himalaya_annotated.jpg|thumb|right|The Himalayan mountain range with Mount Everestrect 58 14 160 49 Chomo Lonzorect 200 28 335 52 Makalurect 378 24 566 45 Mount Everestrect 188 581 920 656 Tibetan Plateaurect 250 406 340 427 Rong River...
s, buildings, and other three-dimensional
Three-dimensional space
Three-dimensional space is a geometric 3-parameters model of the physical universe in which we live. These three dimensions are commonly called length, width, and depth , although any three directions can be chosen, provided that they do not lie in the same plane.In physics and mathematics, a...
objects. Playing pieces are small, colored, plastic automobile
Automobile
An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor...
s which come in red, blue, white, yellow, orange, and green; each car has six holes in the top in which blue and/or pink "people pegs" are placed throughout the game as the player "gets married" and has or adopts "children". Some "early modern" editions have eight automobiles.
Each game also includes a setup for a bank
Bank
A bank is a financial institution that serves as a financial intermediary. The term "bank" may refer to one of several related types of entities:...
, which includes play money (in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000, $20,000, $50,000, and $100,000. The $500 bills were dropped by the 1980s, as were the $1,000 bills by 1992.), insurance
Insurance
In law and economics, insurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent, uncertain loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for payment. An insurer is a company selling the...
policies (automobile, life, fire, and/or homeowners' insurance depending on the version), $20,000 promissory note
Promissory note
A promissory note is a negotiable instrument, wherein one party makes an unconditional promise in writing to pay a determinate sum of money to the other , either at a fixed or determinable future time or on demand of the payee, under specific terms.Referred to as a note payable in accounting, or...
s and stock
Stock market
A stock market or equity market is a public entity for the trading of company stock and derivatives at an agreed price; these are securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded privately.The size of the world stock market was estimated at about $36.6 trillion...
certificates. Other tangibles vary with the game version..
1960s version
The Game of Life, copyrighted by the Milton Bradley Company in 1963, had some differences from later versions. For example, once a player reached the Day of Reckoning, they could end up at the "Poor Farm", or become a Millionaire Tycoon, moving on to Millionaire Acres.This version had Art Linkletter
Art Linkletter
Arthur Gordon "Art" Linkletter was a Canadian-born American radio and television personality. He was the host of House Party, which ran on CBS radio and television for 25 years, and People Are Funny, on NBC radio-TV for 19 years...
as the spokesman, included his likeness on the $100,000 bills (with his name displayed on the bills as "Arthur Linkletter Esq.
Esquire
Esquire is a term of West European origin . Depending on the country, the term has different meanings...
") and a rousing endorsement from Linkletter on the cover of the box. It was advertised as a "Milton Bradley 100th Anniversary Game" and as "A Full 3-D Action Game."
1970s/1980s version
About halfway through the production of this version, many dollar values doubled (possibly to reflect inflationInflation
In economics, inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, inflation also reflects an erosion in the purchasing power of money – a...
). This description focuses on the later version with the larger dollar amounts.
The late 1980s version also replaced the familiar convertibles from earlier versions with Chrysler
Dodge Caravan
The Dodge Caravan is a family minivan manufactured by Chrysler Group LLC and sold under its Dodge brand. Along with its nameplate variant, the Plymouth Voyager, the Caravan was introduced for the 1984 model year. In 1987, the Dodge Grand Caravan long-wheelbase model was introduced and sold...
-esque minivans. Early 1960s-era convertibles were still used in the 1978 edition sets.
1991 version
The Game of Life was updated in 1991 to reward players for "good" behavior, such as recycling trash and helping the homeless.CD-ROM version
In 1998, a CD-ROMCD-ROM
A CD-ROM is a pre-pressed compact disc that contains data accessible to, but not writable by, a computer for data storage and music playback. The 1985 “Yellow Book” standard developed by Sony and Philips adapted the format to hold any form of binary data....
version of the game was produced by Hasbro which added computerized moves and short animations to the game. An option was also given for players to compete in games over the Internet
Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
.
Several features of the 1980s version were also resurrected for this version of the game, such as "collecting presents" for marriage and kids (one spin at $2,000 times spin for marriage, one spin at $1,000 times spin for a child, two spins at $1,000 per spin for twins) and exacting "Revenge" on other players (If one landed on a Pay Day space, one would take an amount of money equal to one's salary from a player spun the wheel on their turn, this time to gain or lose money). The difference between Countryside Acres and Millionaire Estates is that the former only had one space in which the player could lose money, but the payouts were lower. The latter offered bigger payouts, but also had more numerous and severe penalty spaces, thus adding more risk to retiring here. This changed retiring strategy quite a bit, making come-from-behind victories possible if Millionaire Estate retirees' luck turned for the worse.
2005 edition
An updated version of the game's 1992 format was released in 2005 with a few gameplay changes. The new Game of Life was more realistic and tried to add in extra elements to reduce chance, although it is still primarily chance based and still rewards players for taking risks.Criticism
Some critics have noted that luckLuck
Luck or fortuity is good fortune which occurs beyond one's control, without regard to one's will, intention, or desired result. There are at least two senses people usually mean when they use the term, the prescriptive sense and the descriptive sense...
plays too large a role in determining the winner of the game, with Life Cards, which are essentially random, being the prime determinant of the winner. Aspects of the game where a user has to make a decision, such as attending college or purchasing insurance, have a very small effect in the outcome.
There has also been criticism from one source pertaining to the game's story. The story of the game can suggest a possibly unrealistic life where everyone goes to school, gets married, buys a house, and has a family, before finally retiring with the most money. Thus the game may not leave room for progressive lifestyles such as families with same sex couples, no children, a different type of job, etc.
Other versions
- Super Jinsei Game seriesSuper Jinsei Game (series)The Super Jinsei Game Series were a series of Super Famicom life simulator video games that allowed players to pick their own career unlike the Bakushou!! Jinsei Gekijou series. The games were released between 1994 and 1996 and consisted of: Super Jinsei Game, Super Jinsei Game 2, and Super Jinsei...
Super Nintendo Entertainment SystemThe Super Nintendo Entertainment System is a 16-bit video game console that was released by Nintendo in North America, Europe, Australasia , and South America between 1990 and 1993. In Japan and Southeast Asia, the system is called the , or SFC for short...
video game (1994) - Super Jinsei Game 2 Super FamicomSuper Nintendo Entertainment SystemThe Super Nintendo Entertainment System is a 16-bit video game console that was released by Nintendo in North America, Europe, Australasia , and South America between 1990 and 1993. In Japan and Southeast Asia, the system is called the , or SFC for short...
video game (1995) - Super Jinsei Game 3 Super FamicomSuper Nintendo Entertainment SystemThe Super Nintendo Entertainment System is a 16-bit video game console that was released by Nintendo in North America, Europe, Australasia , and South America between 1990 and 1993. In Japan and Southeast Asia, the system is called the , or SFC for short...
video game (1996)
Monsters, Inc.
Monsters, Inc. is a 2001 American computer-animated film and the fourth feature-length film produced by Pixar Animation Studios. It was directed by Pete Docter, co-directed by Lee Unkrich and David Silverman, and written by Jill Culton, Peter Docter, Ralph Eggleston, Dan Gerson, Jeff Pidgeon, Rhett...
) (2001)
Sailor Moon
Sailor Moon, known as , is a media franchise created by manga artist Naoko Takeuchi. Fred Patten credits Takeuchi with popularizing the concept of a team of magical girls, and Paul Gravett credits the series with "revitalizing" the magical-girl genre itself...
Edition (Japan Only)
The Game of Life Card Game
The Game of Life Card Game is a card game created by Rob Daviau and published by Hasbro in 2002. The object of the game is to collect as many points as possible before the letters for L.I.F.E. are drawn. The game begins with each player first deciding whether to pick a career right away or go to...
(2002)
Star Wars
Star Wars is an American epic space opera film series created by George Lucas. The first film in the series was originally released on May 25, 1977, under the title Star Wars, by 20th Century Fox, and became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon, followed by two sequels, released at three-year...
: A Jedi
Jedi
The Jedi are characters in the Star Wars universe and the series's main protagonists. The Jedi use a power called the Force and weapons called lightsabers, which emit a controlled energy flow in the shape of a sword, in order to serve and protect the Republic and the galaxy at large from conflict...
's Path (2002)
Pirates of the Caribbean
Pirates of the Caribbean is a multi-billion dollar Walt Disney franchise encompassing a series of films, a theme park ride, and spinoff novels as well as numerous video games and other publications. The franchise originates with the Pirates of the Caribbean attraction, which opened at Disneyland in...
(2004)
The Simpsons
The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical parody of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its family of the same name, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa and Maggie...
Edition (2004)
SpongeBob SquarePants
SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series, created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg. Much of the series centers on the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the underwater city of "Bikini Bottom"...
Edition (2004)
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest is a 2006 adventure fantasy film and the second film of the Pirates of the Caribbean series, following Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl . It was directed by Gore Verbinski, written by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio, and produced by...
(2006)
The Game of Life/Yahtzee/Payday
The Game of Life/Yahtzee/Payday is a traditional video game developed by Black Lantern Studios for the Game Boy Advance that includes versions of the games The Game of Life, Yahtzee and Payday...
Game Boy Advance
Game Boy Advance
The is a 32-bit handheld video game console developed, manufactured, and marketed by Nintendo. It is the successor to the Game Boy Color. It was released in Japan on March 21, 2001; in North America on June 11, 2001; in Australia and Europe on June 22, 2001; and in the People's Republic of China...
game
The Game of Life: Twists & Turns
The Game of Life: Twists & Turns is a 2007 version of the classic board game The Game of Life. Players try to earn the most life points in this game by going through various paths...
Edition (2007)
Wii
The Wii is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19, 2006. As a seventh-generation console, the Wii primarily competes with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3. Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others...
game (2008)
Indiana Jones
Colonel Henry Walton "Indiana" Jones, Jr., Ph.D. is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Indiana Jones franchise. George Lucas and Steven Spielberg created the character in homage to the action heroes of 1930s film serials...
Edition (2008, Target exclusive)
Pokémon
is a media franchise published and owned by the video game company Nintendo and created by Satoshi Tajiri in 1996. Originally released as a pair of interlinkable Game Boy role-playing video games developed by Game Freak, Pokémon has since become the second most successful and lucrative video...
Edition (Japan only)
SpongeBob SquarePants
SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series, created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg. Much of the series centers on the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the underwater city of "Bikini Bottom"...
Edition (2008)
Family Guy
Family Guy is an American animated television series created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series centers on the Griffins, a dysfunctional family consisting of parents Peter and Lois; their children Meg, Chris, and Stewie; and their anthropomorphic pet dog Brian...
Collectors Edition (2008)
WiiWare
WiiWare is a service that allows Wii users to download games and applications specifically designed and developed for the Wii video game console made by Nintendo. These games and applications can only be purchased and downloaded from the Wii Shop Channel under the WiiWare section...
game (2009) (Japan Only)
The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)
The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming. Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay, but there were uncredited contributions by others. The lyrics for the songs...
Edition (2009)
IPhone
The iPhone is a line of Internet and multimedia-enabled smartphones marketed by Apple Inc. The first iPhone was unveiled by Steve Jobs, then CEO of Apple, on January 9, 2007, and released on June 29, 2007...
game (2009)
Hasbro Family Game Night 3
Hasbro Family Game Night 3 is a video game sequel to Hasbro Family Game Night and Hasbro Family Game Night 2. It was released on October 26, 2010 for the PlayStation 3, Wii and Xbox 360.-Playable Games:*The Game of Life*Clue*Twister...
for Xbox360, Wii
Wii
The Wii is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19, 2006. As a seventh-generation console, the Wii primarily competes with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3. Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others...
, and Playstation 3
PlayStation 3
The is the third home video game console produced by Sony Computer Entertainment and the successor to the PlayStation 2 as part of the PlayStation series. The PlayStation 3 competes with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles...
video game platforms
External links
- The Game of Life rules from 1977 at Hasbro.com.
- The Game of Life rules from 1991 at Hasbro.com.
- The Game of Life rules from 2000 at Hasbro.com.