São José do Rio Preto
Encyclopedia
São José do Rio Preto is a city and municipality (cidade/município) in the state of São Paulo
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. Named after Saint Paul, São Paulo has the largest population, industrial complex, and economic production in the country. It is the richest state in Brazil...

, Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

. Is located at the north/northwest portion of the state, 450 km (280 mi) from the city of São Paulo
São Paulo
São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...

 and 700 km (435 mi) from Brasília
Brasília
Brasília is the capital city of Brazil. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. It has a population of about 2,557,000 as of the 2008 IBGE estimate, making it the...

.
With 408,258 inhabitants (IBGE
IBGE
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE , is the agency responsible for statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil...

/2010), is the 12th biggest city of the state and the 52nd biggest in Brazil.

The city was founded in 1852 and its history is closely linked with trade, the provision of services and agriculture. In 1912, the railroad Araraquarense arrived and stopped in the city for 20 years, transforming São José do Rio Preto in the commercial center of the region.

Known as Rio Preto, is the center of a Mesoregion
Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto
The Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto is one of the 15 mesoregions of the São Paulo state, Brazil. It is located at the north/northwest portion of the state, and has an area of 29,394.7 km²....

 with 1,569,220 inhabitants in 29,387 km². The Microregion of São José do Rio Preto
Microregion of São José do Rio Preto
The Microregion of São José do Rio Preto is located on the north of São Paulo state, Brazil, and is made up of 29 municipalities. It belongs to the Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto....

 has a population of 763,534 inhabitants.

History

Before the 19th century the region was inhabited by the Kaingang, an indigenous people, that was gradually reduced or assimilitated, due to migration, the bandeiras
Bandeirantes
The bandeirantes were composed of Indians , caboclos , and some whites who were the captains of the Bandeiras. Members of the 16th–18th century South American slave-hunting expeditions called bandeiras...

and miscegenation
Miscegenation
Miscegenation is the mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations, and procreation....

. In the 19th century, farmers from Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, of which it is the second most populous, the third richest, and the fourth largest in area. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, being one of them. The capital is the...

 settled in the region.

The city was founded on March 19, 1852, by João Bernardino de Seixas Ribeiro, after Luis Antônio da Silveira donated part of his lands to the Catholic church, in tribute to Saint Joseph
Saint Joseph
Saint Joseph is a figure in the Gospels, the husband of the Virgin Mary and the earthly father of Jesus Christ ....

, aiming the creation of a city. These lands from the farm gave birth to the city.

In 1894, São José do Rio Preto was officially established as a municipality, with the emancipation from Jaboticabal
Jaboticabal
Jaboticabal is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil whose name comes from the Tupi language. The name is derived from the tree with the name Jabuticaba....

. The newly created city had around 26,000 km².
With the arrival of the railroad, the Estrada de Ferro Araraquarense, in 1912, the city became the commercial center of the region, stocking and radiating the goods from the region and the state capital.

Origin of the Name

The literal translation is "Black River's Saint Joseph". The city's name origin comes from the fact that Saint Joseph (São José) is the patron saint of the city, and the Rio Preto (Black river) cuts the city lands. A wooden sculpture of Saint Joseph wearing boots belongs to the city cathedral and no one knows for sure where it came from, but is in the city since it was a village in the 19th century, when it was just a small community part of the city of Araraquara
Araraquara
Not to be confused with Araracuara, a town, region, genus of trees in ColombiaAraraquara is a city in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is also known as "the abode of the sun," because of its impressive sunset and because of its hazy temperature, especially in summer.More than 200,000 people...

.

People believe that migrants from Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, of which it is the second most populous, the third richest, and the fourth largest in area. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, being one of them. The capital is the...

 State in the XVIII or XIX centuries brought the sculpture with them from Minas, and that is the origin of part of the name. The river was believed black because there was a dark forest in the area, and even though the water was clear, the darkness made the river look black. March 19, Rio Preto's birthday, is Saint Joseph's Day and a holiday in the city.

Between 1906 and 1944, the name was shortened to "Rio Preto" and in 1944 there was a proposal for changing the city's name to "Iboruna" (Black river in Tupi language), but the population protested and the name returned to the current form.

Geography

The city is located on the region between the rivers Grande
Grande River
The Grande River is river in south-central Brazil. It rises in the Mantiqueira Mountains in the state of Minas Gerais and descends inland, west-northwestward. Its lower course marks a portion of the Minas Gerais-São Paulo border...

, Paraná
Paraná River
The Paraná River is a river in south Central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina for some . It is second in length only to the Amazon River among South American rivers. The name Paraná is an abbreviation of the phrase "para rehe onáva", which comes from the Tupi language...

 and Tietê
Tietê River
The Tietê River is a Brazilian river in the state of São Paulo.The source is in Salesópolis in the Serra do Mar, at 1,120 m altitude...

. The Vegetation
Vegetation
Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region; it refers to the ground cover provided by plants. It is a general term, without specific reference to particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extent, or any other specific botanical or geographic characteristics. It is broader...

 is a mixture of Cerrado
Cerrado
The Cerrado, is a vast tropical savanna ecoregion of Brazil, particularly in the states of Gioas and Minas Gerais...

(Grass savanna) with traces of the Mata Atlântica
Mata Atlântica
The Atlantic Forest is a region of tropical and subtropical moist forest, tropical dry forest, tropical savanna, semi deciduous forest and mangrove forests which extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the north to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south, and...

(Atlantic Forest). The topography is formed by a slightly undulated relief, with a medium elevation of 489 m (1,604 ft).

Climate

According to the IBGE, the clime is Tropical sub-hot humid, characterized by a mild and dry winter, and hot, rainy summers.

At the Köppen climate classification
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Crimea German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936...

, the city is on a Cwa
Humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters...

(Humid subtropical climate or Highland tropical) area, although the annual average temperature is of 23°C. The annual average precipitation varies between 1,300 and 1,500 mm. In 2008, there were 1,593 mm of rain.

Neighbouring Cities

  • North: Ipiguá
    Ipiguá
    Ipiguá is a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is of 4,463 inhabitants in an area of 134.44 km². The name comes from the Tupi language. Ipiguá is located 20 km from São José do Rio Preto....

     and Onda Verde
    Onda Verde
    Onda Verde is a municipality in the northern part of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is of 3,884 inhabitants in an area of 243.1 km².The city belongs to the Microregion of São José do Rio Preto....

  • South: Cedral
    Cedral
    Cedral is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 7.972 inhabitants .The city belongs to the Mesoregion and Microregion of São José do Rio Preto.-Demographics:The life expectancy for the city is 75.15 years....

     and Bady Bassitt
    Bady Bassitt
    Bady Bassitt is a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population, measured in 2010 by the IBGE, is 14,603 inhabitants. The city is located 7 km from São José do Rio Preto and has an area of 108.5 km²....

  • East: Guapiaçu
    Guapiaçu
    Guapiaçu is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with a population, measured in 2010 by the IBGE, of 17,869. and an area of . Is located in the north/northwest of the state, from São José do Rio Preto....

  • West: Mirassol
    Mirassol
    Mirassol is a city and municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The city is located on the north/northwest portion of the state, 463 km from the city of São Paulo and 15 km from São José do Rio Preto...


Economy

São José do Rio Preto is the biggest city of a region with strong agrarian tradition (Northwest of São Paulo
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. Named after Saint Paul, São Paulo has the largest population, industrial complex, and economic production in the country. It is the richest state in Brazil...

). The city concentrates the Commerce and the specialized Service sector of the region. The Tertiary sector is the economic basis of the city. There are about 75 bank branches
Branch (banking)
A branch, banking center or financial center is a retail location where a bank, credit union, or other financial institution offers a wide array of face-to-face and automated services to its customers....

 in the city.
Hospitals, clinics, schools, universities, shopping centers (malls) and the commerce in general, attracts people from throughout the region and other parts of Brazil.

Agriculture and livestock (Primary sector) accounts for less than 1% of the GDP, but are relevant in the region. Sugarcane
Sugarcane
Sugarcane refers to any of six to 37 species of tall perennial grasses of the genus Saccharum . Native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South Asia, they have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in sugar, and measure two to six metres tall...

, natural rubber, oranges
Orange (fruit)
An orange—specifically, the sweet orange—is the citrus Citrus × sinensis and its fruit. It is the most commonly grown tree fruit in the world....

 and corn
Corn
Corn is the name used in the United States, Canada, and Australia for the grain maize.In much of the English-speaking world, the term "corn" is a generic term for cereal crops, such as* Barley* Oats* Wheat* Rye- Places :...

 are the most cultivated.

The Industry
Industry
Industry refers to the production of an economic good or service within an economy.-Industrial sectors:There are four key industrial economic sectors: the primary sector, largely raw material extraction industries such as mining and farming; the secondary sector, involving refining, construction,...

 is formed by 3 major industrial district
Industrial district
Industrial district was initially introduced as a term to describe an area where workers of a monolithic heavy industry live within walking-distance of their places of work...

s, with the "Distrito Dr. Waldemar de Oliveira Verdi" being the biggest, and 13 smaller districts (mini distritos). There's a prevalence of small and medium businesses, with diversified production.

The GDP observed in 2008 was R$7,056,703,000.

84.53% of the GDP is generated by the Tertiary sector and 15.19% by the Industry.

Demographics

The HDI
Human Development Index
The Human Development Index is a composite statistic used to rank countries by level of "human development" and separate "very high human development", "high human development", "medium human development", and "low human development" countries...

 of the city, measured by the UNDP, was 0.834 in 2000, being 0.814 in Income
Income
Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame, which is generally expressed in monetary terms. However, for households and individuals, "income is the sum of all the wages, salaries, profits, interests payments, rents and other forms of earnings...

, 0.916 in Education
Education Index
This article contains information based on the pre-2010 Human Development Reports. The HDI and its education component have changed in 2010.The United Nations publishes a Human Development Index every year, which consists of the Education index, GDP Index and Life Expectancy Index...

 and 0.772 in Life expectancy
Life expectancy
Life expectancy is the expected number of years of life remaining at a given age. It is denoted by ex, which means the average number of subsequent years of life for someone now aged x, according to a particular mortality experience...

. The HDI for Brazil was 0.766 in the year 2000. In 2008 there were 38 homicides in the city, making an homicide rate of 9.2/100 thousand inhabitants.
Populational Change
Year Population
1960 84.039
1970 124.034
1980 188.601
1991 283.761
1996 323.368
2000 358.523
2010 408.258

The city has 2 districts: Engenheiro Schmitt, with 17,680 inhabitants (2009), and Talhado, with 4,502 inhabitants (2009). São José do Rio Preto has about 360 neighbourhoods.
In 2010, the IBGE accounted 137,233 occupied and permanent households.

Indicators

  • Population: 408,258 (IBGE/2010)
  • Area: 431.31 km² (166.5 sq mi)
  • Urban area: 117.43 km² (45.3 sq mi)
  • Population density
    Population density
    Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

    : 946.53/km² (2,451.5/sq mi)
  • Urbanization: 93.9% (2010)

  • Sex ratio
    Sex ratio
    Sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. The primary sex ratio is the ratio at the time of conception, secondary sex ratio is the ratio at time of birth, and tertiary sex ratio is the ratio of mature organisms....

     (Males to Females): 92.23 (2011)
  • Birth rate
    Birth rate
    Crude birth rate is the nativity or childbirths per 1,000 people per year . Another word used interchangeably with "birth rate" is "natality". When the crude birth rate is subtracted from the crude death rate, it reveals the rate of natural increase...

    : 12.93/1,000 inhab. (2009)
  • Infant mortality
    Infant mortality
    Infant mortality is defined as the number of infant deaths per 1000 live births. Traditionally, the most common cause worldwide was dehydration from diarrhea. However, the spreading information about Oral Re-hydration Solution to mothers around the world has decreased the rate of children dying...

    : 8.64/1,000 births (2009)
  • Homicide rate: 9.2/100 thousand ppl
  • Literacy rate: 96.8 (2010)
  • HDI
    Human Development Index
    The Human Development Index is a composite statistic used to rank countries by level of "human development" and separate "very high human development", "high human development", "medium human development", and "low human development" countries...

    : 0.834 (UNDP/2000)


All indicators are from SEADE and IBGE

Other Statistics

  • Registered vehicles: 293,415 (Jun/2011)
  • Bank agencies: 75 (IBGE/2009)
  • Mobile phones: 111.61%

Culture

The major Library of the city is the "Biblioteca Pública Municipal Dr. Fernando Costa", a public institution, and the major theater is the "Teatro Municipal Humberto Sinibaldi Neto".

Rio Preto has a diverse cultural life.

Annually, on July, the city holds its popular "International Festival of Amateur Theater". Foreign and brazilian theater groups joins the Festival, in presentations throughout the city, on traditional Theaters, as well as open air stages and other less traditional performance venues.

Rodeo
Rodeo
Rodeo is a competitive sport which arose out of the working practices of cattle herding in Spain, Mexico, and later the United States, Canada, South America and Australia. It was based on the skills required of the working vaqueros and later, cowboys, in what today is the western United States,...

s are popular throughout the region and the upstate, and Rio Preto has annual festivals of the genre.

The city hosts annually a LGBT parade, the "Parada do Orgulho GLSBT de Rio Preto", gathering thousands of people from the city and all parts of Brazil.

Media

Rio Preto has affiliates of the Rede Record
Rede Record
Rede Record de Televisão is a Brazilian television network, founded in 1953 by Paulo Machado de Carvalho, also founder of Rádio Record. Currently it is owned by businessman Edir Macedo, founder and bishop of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. Since 2007 it is Brazil's second largest...

 and Rede Globo
Rede Globo
Rede Globo , or simply Globo, is a Brazilian television network, launched by media mogul Roberto Marinho on April 26, 1965. It is owned by media conglomerate Organizações Globo, being by far the largest of its holdings...

, and is the head office for Rede Vida (Life Network), a catholic television network with national presence. The city has a branch of the NET, a cable television operator.

There are two daily newspapers in the city, the Diário da Região (Region's Diary) and the Bom Dia (Good Day).

Urban Structure

Health

There are 8 hospitals in São José do Rio Preto, with 1.681 beds. The Hospital de Base, a public institution, is the biggest hospital of the city.

Education

The city has 36 state schools and 51 private schools, from infant
Preschool education
Preschool education is the provision of learning to children before the commencement of statutory and obligatory education, usually between the ages of zero and three or five, depending on the jurisdiction....

 to secondary education
Secondary education
Secondary education is the stage of education following primary education. Secondary education includes the final stage of compulsory education and in many countries it is entirely compulsory. The next stage of education is usually college or university...

, and 153 municipal schools, from infant to primary education
Primary education
A primary school is an institution in which children receive the first stage of compulsory education known as primary or elementary education. Primary school is the preferred term in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth Nations, and in most publications of the United Nations Educational,...

.
Rio Preto also has three public universities: a branch of the UNESP
Unesp
Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho is one of the six public universities of the Brazilian state of São Paulo, with USP, UFABC, UNIFESP, UFSCar and UNICAMP. It's a part of the state’s higher education system.UNESP has a combined student body of almost 40,000 spread among its 23...

, called Ibilce, the FAMERP, specialized in Medicine, and the FATEC
São Paulo State Technological College
The São Paulo State Technological Colleges or FATECs are public institutions of higher education belonging to CEETEPS , governmental maintainer. The FATECs are important Brazilian institutions of higher education, being pioneers in the graduation of technologists...

 (Faculdades de Tecnologia do Estado de São Paulo). The city also has various private universities, such as Unirp, UNIP, Unorp, Unilago.

Urban Transport

Rio Preto has 2 companies of mass urban transportation, the Circular Santa Luzia and the Expresso Itamarati. 300 buses operates daily, throughout the city.

Infrastructure

  • Households with enough space: 91.71% (2000)
  • Households with adequate urban infrastructure: 95.48 (2000)
  • Waste collection
    Waste collection
    Waste collection is the component of waste management which results in the passage of a waste material from the source of production to either the point of treatment or final disposal...

    : 99.68% (2000)
  • Water supply
    Water supply
    Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavours or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes...

    : 96.60 (2000)


All indicators are from SEADE

Sports

There are two professional football (soccer)
Football (soccer)
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball...

 clubs in the city: América
América Futebol Clube (SP)
América Futebol Clube , usually known simply as América , is a Brazilian football club from São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo state...

 and Rio Preto
Rio Preto Esporte Clube
Rio Preto Esporte Clube, usually known simply as Rio Preto is a Brazilian football club from São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo state.-History:On April 21, 1919, Rio Preto Esporte Clube was founded....

. América usually plays at Estádio Benedito Teixeira
Teixeirão
Estádio Benedito Teixeira, usually known as Teixeirão, is a multi-purpose stadium in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 36,426 people. It was built in 1996...

, which has a maximum capacity of 36.428 people. Rio Preto plays at Estádio Anísio Haddad
Rio Pretão
The Estádio Anísio Haddad, usually known as Rio Pretão, is a multi-purpose stadium in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 33,000 people. It was built in 1968....

, which has a maximum capacity of 17,000 people.

The city has a number of public sport venues, including an arena
Arena
An arena is an enclosed area, often circular or oval-shaped, designed to showcase theater, musical performances, or sporting events. It is composed of a large open space surrounded on most or all sides by tiered seating for spectators. The key feature of an arena is that the event space is the...

 with a capacity of 6.000 seat, the "Centro Regional de Eventos" (Events Regional Center), 24 public football fields, an athletic track and bocce
Bocce
Bocce is a ball sport belonging to the boules sport family, closely related to bowls and pétanque with a common ancestry from ancient games played in the Roman Empire...

 (bocha) courts. There's a wheelchair basketball
Wheelchair basketball
Wheelchair basketball is basketball played by people in wheelchairs and is considered one of the major disabled sports practiced. The International Wheelchair Basketball Federation is the governing body for this sport. It is recognized by the International Paralympic Committee as the sole...

 team in the city, formed by members of the CAD (Friends of Disabled persons Club), competing at national level. The CAD also competes in other disabled sports
Disabled sports
Disabled sports are sports played by persons with a disability, including physical and intellectual disabilities. As many of these based on existing sports modified to meet the needs of persons with a disability, they are sometimes referred to as adapted sports...

.

Roads

  • Highway SP-310 "Rodovia Washington Luís", from the city of São Paulo
    São Paulo
    São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...

     (450 km) (280 mi)
  • BR-153 "Rodovia Transbrasiliana", from Brasília
    Brasília
    Brasília is the capital city of Brazil. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. It has a population of about 2,557,000 as of the 2008 IBGE estimate, making it the...

     (700 km) (435 mi)
  • SP-425 "Rodovia Assis Chateaubriand", from Presidente Prudente
    Presidente Prudente
    Presidente Prudente is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The city has a population of 207,610 inhabitants and area of 562.8 km². The city is named after president Prudente de Morais. Prudente is located 558 km from the city of São Paulo.Presidente Prudente is considered the...

     (267 km) (165 mi)
  • SP-427
    SP-427
    SP-427 is a state highway in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It begins in São José do Rio Preto and ends in Mirassolândia, in a length of 25 km....

     "Rodovia Délcio Custódio da Silva" — 25 km to Mirassolândia
    Mirassolândia
    Mirassolândia is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is of 4,295 inhabitants and the area is 166.2 km².Mirassolândia is located on the north of São Paulo state, 25 km from the city of São José do Rio Preto. The area is essentially rural.-External links:...


Air

São José do Rio Preto is served by "Prof. Eribelto Manoel Reino Airport
São José do Rio Preto Airport
Prof. Eribelto Manoel Reino State Airport is the airport serving São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. It is named after the local lawyer, accountant, economist and politician Eribelto Manoel Reino .It is operated by DAESP.-Airlines and destinations:...

".

External links

Prefecture's Official Site UNESP/Ibilce - State University Satellite images of Rio Preto Airclub of Rio Preto Newspaper Diário da Região Newspaper Bom Dia
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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