Swan and Maclaren
Encyclopedia
Architectural firm
An architectural firm is a company which employs one or more licensed architects and practices the profession of architecture.- History :Architects have existed since early in recorded history. The earliest recorded architects include Imhotep and Senemut . No writings exist to describe how these...
in Singapore
Singapore
Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
. Formerly known as Swan and MacLaren, it was the most prominent architectural firm in Singapore when Singapore was a British colony in the early 20th century.
Early history
The company began as Swan and Lermit in 1887, a civil engineeringCivil engineering
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings...
firm formed by two surveyor
Surveying
See Also: Public Land Survey SystemSurveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them...
engineer
Engineer
An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality,...
s. In 1892, it became Swan and Maclaren, after Lermit withdrew and another surveyor engineer, James Waddell Boyd Maclaren, joined as partner.
Rise to prominence
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
after a short working stint at the Public Works Department in Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur is the capital and the second largest city in Malaysia by population. The city proper, making up an area of , has a population of 1.4 million as of 2010. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million...
of the Federated Malay States
Federated Malay States
The Federated Malay States was a federation of four protected states in the Malay Peninsula—Selangor, Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang—established by the British government in 1895, which lasted until 1946, when they, together with the Straits Settlements and the Unfederated Malay...
. He was the first professionally trained architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
in Singapore since George Drumgoole Coleman
George Drumgoole Coleman
George Drumgoole Coleman , also known as George Drumgold Coleman, was an Irish civil architect who played an instrumental role in the design and construction of much of the civil infrastructure in Singapore, after the island was founded by Sir Stamford Raffles in 1819.Born in Drogheda County Louth,...
had practised in the town in the 1820s and 1830s. Bidwell found an opportunity in Singapore to exercise his knowledge of the full range and variety of Western architectural vocabulary.
Because of Bidwell's talent and reputation for designing handsome government buildings, Swan and Maclaren became the dominant architectural firm in colonial Singapore. Bidwell dominated its work between 1897 and 1911. The firm proceeded to win the most prestigious commissions in Singapore, and many of its early buildings are still extant today. Some of these buildings have been gazetted as national monuments
National Monuments of Singapore
National Monuments of Singapore are buildings and structures in Singapore that have been designated by the Preservation of Monuments Board as being of special historic, traditional, archaeological, architectural or artistic value....
, and these include Raffles Hotel
Raffles Hotel
Raffles Hotel is a colonial-style hotel in Singapore, and one of the world's most famous hotels. The hotel was established by the famous Armenian Sarkies Brothers. Opened in 1887, it was named after Singapore's founder Sir Stamford Raffles. Managed by Fairmont Raffles Hotels International, it is...
(1899), Teutonia Club (1900, now Goodwood Park Hotel
Goodwood Park Hotel
The Goodwood Park Hotel is a 235-room hotel in Singapore. It is located at Scotts Road in the Orchard Planning Area, within the Central Area in Singapore's central business district....
) and Victoria Memorial Hall (1905, now Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall
Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall
The Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall is a complex of two buildings and a clock tower joined together by a common corridor and is located in the civic district of Singapore...
).
The Raffles Hotel was one of the first of the numerous projects by Bidwell under Swan and Maclaren, which was to build a substantial number of buildings in a large variety of architectural style
Architectural style
Architectural styles classify architecture in terms of the use of form, techniques, materials, time period, region and other stylistic influences. It overlaps with, and emerges from the study of the evolution and history of architecture...
s. The firm was commissioned to rebuild the Teutonia Club in 1900 in its new location on Scotts Road
Scotts Road
Scotts Road is a road in Singapore. The Goodwood Park Hotel lies on the road.It is located in the Orchard Planning Area, within the Central Area in Singapore's central business district....
, after it moved from its location near Raffles Hotel on North Bridge Road
North Bridge Road
North Bridge Road is a road in Singapore north of Singapore River, that starts at the junction of Crawford Street and ends before Elgin Bridge, which the road becomes South Bridge Road. The road is one of the oldest roads in Singapore and was outlined in Raffles' 1822 Town Plan...
. Bidwell applied the south German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
architectural style in his design of the clubhouse. In Singapore's downtown area
Downtown Core
The Downtown Core is a 266-hectare urban planning area in the south of the city-state of Singapore. The Downtown Core surrounds the mouth of the Singapore River and southeastern portion of its watershed, and is part of the Central Area, Singapore's central business district...
, Bidwell also designed the three-storey Stamford House
Stamford House, Singapore
Stamford House is a historic building located at the corner of the junction of Stamford Road and Hill Street, in the Downtown Core of Singapore...
(formerly known as the Oranje Building), completed in 1904.
By 1904, Swan and Maclaren was the largest architectural firm in Singapore. In 1905, Swan and Maclaren worked on the extensions and rebuilding of the Victoria Memorial Hall. In the same year, the Chesed-El Synagogue
Chesed-El Synagogue
The Chesed-El Synagogue is a synagogue in Singapore. It is located at Oxley Rise in the River Valley Planning Area, within the Central Area in Singapore's central business district.The synagogue was constructed in 1905...
on Oxley Rise was built. In 1907, the Singapore Cricket Club
Singapore Cricket Club
The Singapore Cricket Club is one of the premier sports and social clubs in Singapore. Its clubhouse is located at the Padang in Singapore's central business district....
was extended and refurbished, and the Telephone House on Robinson Road
Robinson Road, Singapore
Robinson Road is a major trunk road in Singapore's central business district. Named after Sir William Cleaver Francis Robinson, then Governor of the Straits Settlements in 1877, it was once a sea-side thoroughfare until land reclamation works in Telok Ayer Basin shifted the shoreline further east...
was constructed. In that year, the firm also designed and built one of the largest shops in early Singapore, the John Little
John Little (department store)
John Little is a chain of department stores in Singapore. Established in 1845, John Little is the oldest department store in Singapore. The John Little chain is owned by Robinson & Co. Limited....
department store
Department store
A department store is a retail establishment which satisfies a wide range of the consumer's personal and residential durable goods product needs; and at the same time offering the consumer a choice of multiple merchandise lines, at variable price points, in all product categories...
in Raffles Place
Raffles Place
Raffles Place is a geographical location in Singapore, south of the mouth of the Singapore River. Located in the Downtown Core and the Central Area, it features some of the tallest buildings and landmarks of the country.-History:...
, located on the opposite side of the square from Robinson and Company
Robinson & Co.
Robinson & Co. Limited is a retail company which has department stores in Singapore and Malaysia. The company owns the Robinsons department store, John Little in Singapore and has franchise outlets of Marks and Spencer in both countries. The company has grown into one of the country's most renowned...
. Between 1906 and 1912, Swan and Maclaren rebuilt the Saint Joseph's Church
Saint Joseph's Church
Saint Joseph's Church is a Roman Catholic church in Singapore. It is located along Victoria Street in the Rochor Planning Area, within the Central Area of Singapore's central business district....
on Victoria Street
Victoria Street, Singapore
Victoria Street [Tamil]: விக்டோரியா ஸ்திரீட் is a street located in the Central Area of Singapore. The street starts at Victoria Bridge at the end of Kallang Road, after the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority building, in the north and continues as Hill Street at its junction with Stamford Road...
, dedicated to our Lady of Fatimah, in the Gothic
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
style. In 1911, Bidwell left Swan and Maclaren to establish his own practice. By then, he was the most important architect in Singapore.
After RAJ Bidwell
Villa
A villa was originally an ancient Roman upper-class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity,...
for the Chinese
Chinese in Singapore
Chinese Singaporeans are people of Chinese ethnicity who hold Singaporean nationality. As of 2010, Chinese Singaporeans constitute 74.1% of Singapore's resident population, or approximately three out of four Singaporeans, making them the largest ethnic group in Singapore...
businessman Eu Tong Sen
Eu Tong Sen
Eu Tong Sen was a leading businessman in Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong during the late 19th and early 20th century. He was the son of Eu Kong Pui and Kong Pui's first wife, Madam Leung in Foshan, China...
on Mount Sophia. The Eu Villa was built at a grand cost of $
Straits dollar
The Straits dollar was the currency of the Straits Settlements from 1904 until 1939. At the same time, it was also used in the Federated Malay States, the Unfederated Malay States, Sarawak, Brunei, and British North Borneo.-History:...
1 million. In the same year, the firm designed the Jinrikisha Station
Jinrikisha Station
The Jinrikisha Station is a historic building in Singapore, and is located in Tanjong Pagar in the Chinatown district within the Central Area, Singapore's central business district.-History:...
on Neil Road
Neil Road
Neil Road is a one-way road in Chinatown and Tanjong Pagar in the planning areas of Outram and Bukit Merah in Singapore. The road starts at the junction of South Bridge Road, Maxwell Road and Tanjong Pagar Road and ends at Jalan Bukit Merah which then merges into the latter...
.
In the years between World Wars I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
and II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the firm continued to lead the local market with projects such as the Sultan Mosque (1924-28), Ocean Building (1923), Hongkong Bank Chambers (now HSBC Building) (1925), Prinsep Street Presbyterian Church
Prinsep Street Presbyterian Church
The Prinsep Street Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in Singapore. It is located at Prinsep Street in the Rochor Planning Area, within the Central Area in Singapore's central business district....
(1930) and the Singapore Turf Club
Singapore Turf Club
The Singapore Turf Club was founded in 1842 as the Singapore Sporting Club to operate the Serangoon Road Race Course at Farrer Park.It is today the only horse-racing club in Singapore and is part of the Malayan Racing Association, which also regulates the three Turf Clubs in Malaysia, the Selangor...
(1934). Swan and Maclaren also designed the Cenotaph
The Cenotaph, Singapore
The Cenotaph is a war memorial located within the Esplanade Park at Connaught Drive, within the Central Area in Singapore's central business district.-History:The inscription at the base of The Cenotaph reads:...
, a granite memorial
Memorial
A memorial is an object which serves as a focus for memory of something, usually a person or an event. Popular forms of memorials include landmark objects or art objects such as sculptures, statues or fountains, and even entire parks....
at the Esplanade Park
Esplanade Park
The Esplanade Park is a historic park located in the Esplanade within the Downtown Core of the Central Area in Singapore's central business district....
that commemorates the soldiers who died in World War I. Its reverse side was inscribed with the names of soldiers who died in World War II.
After World War II, Swan and Maclaren remained important but lost some of its dominance due to increased competition from both local and foreign companies.
Since 1999
In May 1999, Swan and Maclaren Architects was awarded the architectural tender for the new National Library buildingNational Library, Singapore
The National Library in Singapore is located on an 11,304-square metre site between Bugis Junction and the Bras Basah Complex at 100, Victoria Street...
on Victoria Street to replace the main library on Stamford Road
Stamford Road
Stamford Road is a one-way road in Singapore within the planning areas of Downtown Core and Museum. The road continues after the traffic light junction of Nicoll Highway, Esplanade Drive and Raffles Avenue towards Orchard Road. It then ends at the junction of Fort Canning Road, Bencoolen Street...
that was demolished. It was shortlisted out of five for the final selection in National Library Board
National Library Board
The National Library Board is a statutory board of the Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts, Singapore...
's (NLB) architectural design competition
Architectural design competition
An architectural design competition is a special type of competition in which an organization or government body that plans to build a new building asks for architects to submit a proposed design for a building. The winning design is usually chosen by an independent panel of design professionals...
, from the 30 firms that made submissions. In September 2000, the firm's team leader, Malaysian architect Ken Yeang
Ken Yeang
Dr. Ken Yeang [Chinese]: 杨经文/楊經文; [pinyin]: Yáng Jīngwén; born 1948) is a prolific Malaysian architect and writer best known for advancing green design and planning, differentiated from other green architects by his comprehensive ecological approach....
, ended his partnership with Swan and Maclaren Architects, which had originally been contract
Contract
A contract is an agreement entered into by two parties or more with the intention of creating a legal obligation, which may have elements in writing. Contracts can be made orally. The remedy for breach of contract can be "damages" or compensation of money. In equity, the remedy can be specific...
ed to see the project through to completion. Subsequently, NLB released the firm from its contract, and called for new tenders
Request for tender
A request for tender, commonly abbreviated to RFT, is a formal, structured invitation to suppliers for the supply of products or services. In the public sector, such a process may be required and determined in detail by law to ensure that such competition for the use of public money is open, fair...
for the construction of the new National Library building. The National Library building was eventually opened on 22 July 2005, after three years of construction.
National monumentsNational Monuments of SingaporeNational Monuments of Singapore are buildings and structures in Singapore that have been designated by the Preservation of Monuments Board as being of special historic, traditional, archaeological, architectural or artistic value....
- Chesed-El SynagogueChesed-El SynagogueThe Chesed-El Synagogue is a synagogue in Singapore. It is located at Oxley Rise in the River Valley Planning Area, within the Central Area in Singapore's central business district.The synagogue was constructed in 1905...
(1905) - Chinese High School Clock Tower Building (1919)
- Convent of the Holy Infant JesusCHIJMESCHIJMES is a historic building complex in Singapore, which began life as a Catholic convent known as the Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus and convent quarters known as Caldwell House...
(1854, 1890, 1913, 1951) - Goodwood Park HotelGoodwood Park HotelThe Goodwood Park Hotel is a 235-room hotel in Singapore. It is located at Scotts Road in the Orchard Planning Area, within the Central Area in Singapore's central business district....
(1900) - Prinsep Street Presbyterian ChurchPrinsep Street Presbyterian ChurchThe Prinsep Street Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in Singapore. It is located at Prinsep Street in the Rochor Planning Area, within the Central Area in Singapore's central business district....
(1930) - Raffles HotelRaffles HotelRaffles Hotel is a colonial-style hotel in Singapore, and one of the world's most famous hotels. The hotel was established by the famous Armenian Sarkies Brothers. Opened in 1887, it was named after Singapore's founder Sir Stamford Raffles. Managed by Fairmont Raffles Hotels International, it is...
(1899) - Sri Mariamman TempleSri Mariamman TempleThe Sri Mariamman Temple is Singapore's oldest Hindu temple. It is an agamic temple, built in the Dravidian style. Located at No. 244 South Bridge Road, in the downtown Chinatown district, the temple serves mainly South Indian Tamil Hindu Singaporeans in the city-state...
(1916) - Sri Srinivasa Perumal TempleSri Srinivasa Perumal TempleSri Srinivasa Perumal Temple or Sri Perumal Temple is one of the oldest temples in Singapore. It is located in Little India on Serangoon Road, where its tall Gopuram shows the different incarnations of Lord Vishnu...
(1961-66) - St Andrew's CathedralSt Andrew's Cathedral, SingaporeSaint Andrew's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in Singapore, the country's largest cathedral. It is located near City Hall MRT Interchange in the Downtown Core, within the Central Area in Singapore's central business district. It is the Cathedral church of the Anglican Diocese of Singapore and...
(1952, 1983) - St Joseph's Church (1906-12, 1938, 1956)
- Sultan Mosque (1924-28)
- Tao Nan SchoolOld Tao Nan SchoolThe Old Tao Nan School is a historic building in Singapore, located along Armenian Street in the Museum Planning Area, within the Central Area in Singapore's central business district. The building was a wing of the Asian Civilisations Museum. The other wing of the museum is located at the Empress...
(1910; Armenian StreetArmenian StreetArmenian Street is a street in Central Singapore located in the Museum Planning Area. The street covers a short distance that starts from Coleman Street and ends at the junction of Stamford Road and Waterloo Street...
) - Telok Ayer Chinese Methodist ChurchTelok Ayer Chinese Methodist ChurchTelok Ayer Chinese Methodist Church is a Chinese Annual Conference Methodist church located in the Asian nation-city of Singapore. The church is found at two locations, one that is located along Telok Ayer Street near Chinatown in the Downtown Core, in Singapore's central business district and...
(1924) - Victoria Memorial Hall and TheatreVictoria Theatre and Concert HallThe Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall is a complex of two buildings and a clock tower joined together by a common corridor and is located in the civic district of Singapore...
(1905, 1954-58)
Other projects
- AIA Building (1958)
- 23 Amber Road
- Bok HouseBok HouseThe Bok House was an old mansion on Jalan Ampang in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The compound where the building stood is a block away from the Petronas Twin Towers, owned by a private trustee managed by the Bok family. The mansion was designed by Swan and Maclaren in 1926 and it was completed in 1929...
(1929; Ampang RoadJalan AmpangJalan Ampang is a major road in Klang Valley region, Selangor and Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.-Proposal to rename Jalan Ampang to Jalan Tun Dr Mahathir Mohammad:...
, Kuala LumpurKuala LumpurKuala Lumpur is the capital and the second largest city in Malaysia by population. The city proper, making up an area of , has a population of 1.4 million as of 2010. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million...
, Malaya; demolished 2006) - CenotaphThe Cenotaph, SingaporeThe Cenotaph is a war memorial located within the Esplanade Park at Connaught Drive, within the Central Area in Singapore's central business district.-History:The inscription at the base of The Cenotaph reads:...
(1922) - Centrepoint (Orchard RoadOrchard RoadOrchard Road is a road in Singapore that is the retail and entertainment hub of the city-state. It is regularly frequented by the local population as well as being a major tourist attraction...
) - Chin Leong Tang Temple (1920)
- Chinese High School (1919)
- Civilian War MemorialCivilian War MemorialThe Memorial to the Civilian Victims of the Japanese Occupation, usually called the Civilian War Memorial is one of Singapore's most famous iconic landmarks of heritage....
(1964) - Cycle & Carriage Building (1984)
- David Elias Buildings (1928)
- Ee Hoe Hean ClubEe Hoe Hean ClubFounded in 1895, the Ee Hoe Hean Club located at Bukit Pasoh Road in Chinatown, was one of the oldest millionaires' clubs in Singapore. Besides functioning as a social and business club, members of the club were actively involved in the political development of China during the pre-independence...
(1927; Bukit Pasoh RoadBukit Pasoh RoadBukit Pasoh Road is a road in Tanjong Pagar within the Outram Planning Area of Singapore. The road starts from Neil Road which is one way, but becomes two ways, when the road forks out into two parts, with one becoming Teo Hong Road, with both roads ending at New Bridge Road...
) - Eu Villa (1913)
- Fairfield Methodist Girls' School (1920-21; Neil RoadNeil RoadNeil Road is a one-way road in Chinatown and Tanjong Pagar in the planning areas of Outram and Bukit Merah in Singapore. The road starts at the junction of South Bridge Road, Maxwell Road and Tanjong Pagar Road and ends at Jalan Bukit Merah which then merges into the latter...
) - Gleneagles HospitalGleneagles Hospital and Medical CentreGleneagles Hospital and Medical Centre is a 380-bed private hospital, located in Napier Road, Singapore. It provides medical and surgical services....
(1950, 1959, 1980) - Grand Hotel (Still Road)
- Great Southern Hotel (1936; now Yue Hwa BuildingYue Hwa BuildingYue Hwa Building is a historic building located at the corner of the junction of Eu Tong Sen Street and Upper Cross Street, in Chinatown of Outram, Singapore...
) - Hongkong Bank Chambers (1919-1925, 1979-82; renamed to Hongkong Bank Building, now HSBC Building)
- Hong Leong Building (1974)
Other projects (continued)
- Institute of Education (1929; Bukit Timah RoadBukit Timah RoadBukit Timah Road is a major road in Singapore extending from the city centre to Woodlands Road on the way to Johor Bahru in Malaysia. The road has a distance of 25km , which is one of the longest roads in Singapore, and the road takes its name from the hill...
) - John LittleJohn Little (department store)John Little is a chain of department stores in Singapore. Established in 1845, John Little is the oldest department store in Singapore. The John Little chain is owned by Robinson & Co. Limited....
(1907; Raffles PlaceRaffles PlaceRaffles Place is a geographical location in Singapore, south of the mouth of the Singapore River. Located in the Downtown Core and the Central Area, it features some of the tallest buildings and landmarks of the country.-History:...
) - Kampong Kapor Methodist Church (1929)
- Kheng Chiu Building (1963; Beach Road)
- Liat Towers (1979)
- Majestic TheatreThe Majestic, SingaporeThe Majestic is a historic building on Eu Tong Sen Street in Chinatown, Singapore. Located between the People's Park Complex and Yue Hwa Building, it was known as Majestic Theatre, which was a Cantonese opera house.-Early history:...
(1928; New Bridge RoadNew Bridge RoadNew Bridge Road is a one-way road located within the Central Area in Singapore.New Bridge Road starts at the Coleman Bridge to the south of the Singapore River and extends into Chinatown within the Outram Planning Area, before joining with Eu Tong Sen Street and Kampong Bahru Road within the Bukit...
) - Malayan Banking Chambers (1910)
- Manmathan Karunessvera Temple (1932-35)
- Mount Alvernia HospitalMount Alvernia Hospital and Medical CentreMount Alvernia Hospital was the first private hospital in Singapore. It is located in Thomson Road, Singapore.-History:Mount Alvernia Hospital was founded in 1961, by a group of Roman Catholic Sisters from the Franciscan Missionaries of the Divine Motherhood.In 1949, a small group of Franciscan...
(1960) - MPH Building (1908)
- National LibraryNational Library, SingaporeThe National Library in Singapore is located on an 11,304-square metre site between Bugis Junction and the Bras Basah Complex at 100, Victoria Street...
(1999-2005; Victoria StreetVictoria Street, SingaporeVictoria Street [Tamil]: விக்டோரியா ஸ்திரீட் is a street located in the Central Area of Singapore. The street starts at Victoria Bridge at the end of Kallang Road, after the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority building, in the north and continues as Hill Street at its junction with Stamford Road...
) - Novena Church (1950)
- Ocean Building (1923, 1974)
- Ocean Towers (1999)
- Shophouses on Syed Alwi Road (1921)
- Singapore Chinese Girls' SchoolSingapore Chinese Girls' SchoolSingapore Chinese Girls' School is one of the oldest schools in Singapore having been founded in 1899. It is a full school with both primary and secondary divisions, taking in students between the ages of 6 and 16...
(1920s; Cairnhill Road) - Singapore Cricket ClubSingapore Cricket ClubThe Singapore Cricket Club is one of the premier sports and social clubs in Singapore. Its clubhouse is located at the Padang in Singapore's central business district....
(1884, 1907-21, 1922-23) - Singapore Island Country Club
- Singapore Railway Station & Hotel (1932; now Tanjong Pagar Railway StationTanjong Pagar railway stationTanjong Pagar railway station , also called Keppel Road railway station or Singapore railway station, was until 30 June 2011 the southern terminus of the network operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu , the main railway operator in Malaysia. The land on which the station and the KTM railway tracks are...
) - Singapore Recreation ClubSingapore Recreation ClubThe Singapore Recreation Club is one of Singapore's oldest social clubs with a strong sporting tradition, located at the Padang in heart of Singapore's Civic District.-History:...
(late 1970s) - Singapore Rubber House (1960, 1978)
- Singapore Turf ClubSingapore Turf ClubThe Singapore Turf Club was founded in 1842 as the Singapore Sporting Club to operate the Serangoon Road Race Course at Farrer Park.It is today the only horse-racing club in Singapore and is part of the Malayan Racing Association, which also regulates the three Turf Clubs in Malaysia, the Selangor...
(1934; Dunearn Road) - St Anthony's Convent (Queen StreetQueen Street, SingaporeQueen Street is one of the oldest streets in Singapore and once had a very strong Eurasian presence. Beginning at Arab street, Queen Street forms major junctions with Ophir Road, Rochor Road, Middle Road and Bras Basah Road before ending at the junction of Stamford Road and Armenian Street.The area...
) - St Patrick's School chapel (1932)
- Stamford HouseStamford House, SingaporeStamford House is a historic building located at the corner of the junction of Stamford Road and Hill Street, in the Downtown Core of Singapore...
(1904) - Tamil Methodist Episcopal Church (1925)
- Telecoms Building (1927)
- Telephone House (1907)
- Terraces (128A-H) on Cairnhill Road
- Thong Teck Building (1972)
- Times House (1958; River Valley Road)
- United World College of Southeast Asia (1963-64, 1981, 1982, 1984)
- Waterboat Office (1919; now The Fullerton Waterboat House)