Sie werden aus Saba alle kommen, BWV 65
Encyclopedia
Sie werden aus Saba alle kommen (They will all come forth out of Sheba), BWV 65, is a church cantata
Bach cantata
Bach cantata became a term for a cantata of the German Baroque composer Johann Sebastian Bach who was a prolific writer of the genre. Although many of his works are lost, around 200 cantatas survived....

 by Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist, and violinist whose sacred and secular works for choir, orchestra, and solo instruments drew together the strands of the Baroque period and brought it to its ultimate maturity...

. He wrote it in 1724 in Leipzig
Leipzig
Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...

 for Epiphany and first performed it on 6 January 1724.

History and words

Bach wrote the cantata to conclude his first set of cantatas for the Christmas season in Leipzig on the Feast of Epiphany. He had performed five cantatas, Christen, ätzet diesen Tag, BWV 63
Christen, ätzet diesen Tag, BWV 63
Christen, ätzet diesen Tag , BWV 63, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach composed the cantata for the First Day of Christmas, possibly in 1713.-History and words:...

(composed in Weimar) and the new works Darzu ist erschienen der Sohn Gottes, BWV 40, Sehet, welch eine Liebe hat uns der Vater erzeiget, BWV 64
Sehet, welch eine Liebe hat uns der Vater erzeiget, BWV 64
Sehet, welch eine Liebe hat uns der Vater erzeiget , BWV 64, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach...

, Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied, BWV 190
Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied, BWV 190
Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied , BWV 190, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He wrote it in Leipzig for the New Year's Day and first performed it on 1 January 1724...

, and Mein liebster Jesus ist verloren, BWV 154
Mein liebster Jesus ist verloren, BWV 154
Mein liebster Jesus ist verloren , BWV 154, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He first performed it in Leipzig on the First Sunday after Epiphany, on 9 January 1724.-History and words:...

. Bach first performed the cantata for Epiphany on 6 January 1724. The prescribed readings for the day are :1–6 and :1-12, the Wise Men From the East bringing gifts of gold
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...

, myrrh
Myrrh
Myrrh is the aromatic oleoresin of a number of small, thorny tree species of the genus Commiphora, which grow in dry, stony soil. An oleoresin is a natural blend of an essential oil and a resin. Myrrh resin is a natural gum....

 and frankincense
Frankincense
Frankincense, also called olibanum , is an aromatic resin obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia, particularly Boswellia sacra, B. carteri, B. thurifera, B. frereana, and B. bhaw-dajiana...

 to the newborn Jesus. The unknown poet of the cantata text may be the same as for BWV 40 and BWV 64 for the Second and Third Day of Christmas. He begins with the final verse of the reading, Isaiah
Isaiah
Isaiah ; Greek: ', Ēsaïās ; "Yahu is salvation") was a prophet in the 8th-century BC Kingdom of Judah.Jews and Christians consider the Book of Isaiah a part of their Biblical canon; he is the first listed of the neviim akharonim, the later prophets. Many of the New Testament teachings of Jesus...

's prophecy "all they from Sheba
Sheba
Sheba was a kingdom mentioned in the Jewish scriptures and the Qur'an...

 shall come: they shall bring gold and incense". The poet juxtaposes the prediction by a chorale
Chorale
A chorale was originally a hymn sung by a Christian congregation. In certain modern usage, this term may also include classical settings of such hymns and works of a similar character....

, stanza 4 of Ein Kind geborn zu Bethlehem (Puer natus in Bethlehem, A babe is born in Bethlehem, 1543), which describes the arrival of the "Kön'ge aus Saba" (Kings from Sheba), related to the Gospel. The first recitative
Recitative
Recitative , also known by its Italian name "recitativo" , is a style of delivery in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech...

 proclaims that the Gospel is the fulfillment of the prophecy and concludes that it is the Christian's duty to bring his heart as a gift to Jesus. This idea is the theme of the following aria
Aria
An aria in music was originally any expressive melody, usually, but not always, performed by a singer. The term is now used almost exclusively to describe a self-contained piece for one voice usually with orchestral accompaniment...

. The second recitative equals the gifts Faith to the gold, Prayer to the incense, and Patience to the myrrh, which is again expanded in the aria. The cantata ends with stanza 10 of Paul Gerhardt
Paul Gerhardt
Paul Gerhardt was a German hymn writer.-Biography:Gerhardt was born into a middle-class family at Gräfenhainichen, a small town between Halle and Wittenberg. At the age of fifteen, he entered the Fürstenschule in Grimma. The school was known for its pious atmosphere and stern discipline...

's chorale Ich hab in Gottes Herz und Sinn.

In his Christmas Oratorio of 1734, Bach dedicated Part VI, Herr, wenn die stolzen Feinde schnauben, to the topic and the occasion and first performed it on 6 January 1735.

Scoring and structure

The title is given by Bach as:
J. J. Festo Epiphan: Concerto. à 2 Core du Chasse. 2 Hautb: da Caccia. | due Fiauti 2 Violini è Viola con 4 Voci


The cantata is festively scored for tenor
Tenor
The tenor is a type of male singing voice and is the highest male voice within the modal register. The typical tenor voice lies between C3, the C one octave below middle C, to the A above middle C in choral music, and up to high C in solo work. The low extreme for tenors is roughly B2...

  and bass
Bass (voice type)
A bass is a type of male singing voice and possesses the lowest vocal range of all voice types. According to The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, a bass is typically classified as having a range extending from around the second E below middle C to the E above middle C...

 soloists, a four-part choir, two horn
Horn (instrument)
The horn is a brass instrument consisting of about of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. A musician who plays the horn is called a horn player ....

s, two recorder
Recorder
The recorder is a woodwind musical instrument of the family known as fipple flutes or internal duct flutes—whistle-like instruments which include the tin whistle. The recorder is end-blown and the mouth of the instrument is constricted by a wooden plug, known as a block or fipple...

s, two oboe da caccia
Oboe da caccia
The oboe da caccia is a double reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family, pitched a fifth below the oboe and used primarily in the Baroque period of European classical music...

, two violin
Violin
The violin is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which includes the viola and cello....

s, viola
Viola
The viola is a bowed string instrument. It is the middle voice of the violin family, between the violin and the cello.- Form :The viola is similar in material and construction to the violin. A full-size viola's body is between and longer than the body of a full-size violin , with an average...

, and basso continuo. Bach employed a pair of horns later in his cantata for Christmas 1724, Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ, BWV 91
Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ, BWV 91
Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ , BWV 91, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was written in Leipzig in 1724 for Christmas Day and first performed on 25 December 1724.-History and words:...

, and in Part IV of his Christmas Oratorio.
  1. Coro: Sie werden aus Saba alle kommen
  2. Chorale: Die Kön'ge aus Saba kamen dar
  3. Recitativo (bass): Was dort Jesaias vorhergesehn
  4. Aria (bass, oboes da caccia): Gold aus Ophir ist zu schlecht
  5. Recitativo (tenor): Verschmähe nicht, du, meiner Seele Licht
  6. Aria (tenor, all instruments): Nimm mich dir zu eigen hin
  7. Chorale: Ei nun, mein Gott, so fall ich dir

Music

The opening chorus depicts, that "alle" (all), not just the three Magi, gather and move to adore. Horn signals call first and prevail throughout the movement, canonical and imitation developments illustrate the growing of a crowd. The central section is an extended choral fugue, framed by two sections with the voices embedded in a repeat of the instrumental introduction. John Eliot Gardiner
John Eliot Gardiner
Sir John Eliot Gardiner CBE FKC is an English conductor. He founded the Monteverdi Choir , the English Baroque Soloists and the Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique...

 remarked in connection with his Bach Cantata Pilgrimage that the instrumentation resembles Near Eastern music, the recorders representing "the high pitches often associated with oriental music and the oboes da caccia (in tenor register) to evoke the shawm
Shawm
The shawm was a medieval and Renaissance musical instrument of the woodwind family made in Europe from the 12th century until the 17th century. It was developed from the oriental zurna and is the predecessor of the modern oboe. The body of the shawm was usually turned from a single piece of wood,...

-like double-reed instruments (salamiya
Kawala
The kāwālā is an end-blown cane flute used in Arabic music. It is similar to the ney but has six finger holes, while the ney has seven . The kawala comes in up to nine different sizes, according to the maqam....

 and zurna
Zurna
The zurna , is a multinational outdoor wind instrument, usually accompanied by a davul in Anatolian folk music. The name is from Turkish zurna, itself derived from Persian سرنای surnāy, composed of sūr “banquet, feast” and nāy “reed, pipe”...

) of the Near East".

In contrast, the archaic tune of the following chorale, telling of the three Kings from Sheba, is set for four parts. Both recitatives are secco, and the arias have no da capo
Da capo
Da Capo is a musical term in Italian, meaning from the beginning . It is often abbreviated D.C. It is a composer or publisher's directive to repeat the previous part of music, often used to save space. In small pieces this might be the same thing as a repeat, but in larger works D.C...

. The first recitative applies the situation to the individual Christian, who has nothing to offer as a gift but his heart, explained in an arioso
Arioso
In classical music, arioso is a style of solo opera singing between recitative and aria. Literally, arioso means airy. The term arose in the 16th century along with the aforementioned styles and monody. It is commonly confused with recitativo accompagnato....

 ending. The first aria is accompanied by the oboes da caccia, whose low register together with the bass voice conveys the humility expressed in the words. The tenor recitative ends on the notion "des größten Reichtums Überfluß mir dermaleinst im Himmel werden" (the abundance of the greatest wealth must some day be mine in Heaven). To show this abundance, the following dance-like aria is accompanied by all the wind instruments, playing concertante and together. The closing chorale is sung on the melody of Was mein Gott will, das g’scheh allzeit, which Bach used frequently later, including movement 25 of his St Matthew Passion.

Recordings

  • Bach Made in Germany Vol. 1 - Cantatas I, Günther Ramin
    Günther Ramin
    Günther Werner Hans Ramín was an influential German organist, conductor, composer and pedagogue in the first half of the 20th century....

    , Thomanerchor
    Thomanerchor
    The Thomanerchor is a boys' choir in Leipzig, Germany. The choir was founded in 1212. At present, the choir consists of 92 boys from 9 to 18 years of age...

    , Gewandhausorchester Leipzig, Gert Lutze, Johannes Oettel, Eterna 1952
  • J.S. Bach: Cantata BWV 65, Marcel Couraud, Stuttgarter Bach-Chor, Badische Staatskapelle
    Badische Staatskapelle
    The Badische Staatskapelle is a symphony orchestra based in Karlsruhe, Germany. The orchestra is affiliated with the Badisches Staatstheater . The historical roots of the orchestra date back to 1662. The precursor ensemble was the Hofkapelle der Markgrafen von Baden-Durlach...

    , Theo Altmeyer
    Theo Altmeyer
    Theo Altmeyer was a German classical tenor. Although he was a successful opera singer, he is chiefly remembered for his work as an oratorio soloist...

    , Franz Crass
    Franz Crass
    Franz Crass is a German bass.A native of Wipperfürth, Crass studied with Gerda Heuer in Wiesbaden and with Professor Clemens Glettenberg at the Hochschule für Musik in Köln. He won numerous competitions throughout Germany in the 1950s...

    , Philips
    Philips Records
    Philips Records is a record label that was founded by Dutch electronics company Philips. It was started by "Philips Phonographische Industrie" in 1950. Recordings were made with popular artists of various nationalities and also with classical artists from Germany, France and Holland. Philips also...

     mid 1950s?
  • Les Grandes Cantates de J.S. Bach Vol. 6, Fritz Werner
    Fritz Werner
    Fritz Werner was a German choral conductor, church music director, conductor, organist and composer...

    , Heinrich-Schütz-Chor Heilbronn, Pforzheim Chamber Orchestra
    Pforzheim Chamber Orchestra
    Pforzheim Chamber Orchestra, full German name: Südwestdeutsches Kammerorchester Pforzheim, full English name South West German Chamber Orchestra Pforzheim, is an internationally known German chamber orchestra based in Pforzheim.- History :...

    , Helmut Krebs
    Helmut Krebs
    Helmut Krebs was a distinguished German tenor in opera and concert, who sang a wide range of roles from Baroque to contemporary works.-Professional career:...

    , Franz Kelch
    Franz Kelch
    Franz Kelch is a German bass-baritone lied and oratorio singer. His discography includes works of Johann Sebastian Bach, Dietrich Buxtehude, George Frederick Handel and Claudio Monteverdi.- Biography :...

    , Eterna 1952
  • J.S. Bach: Cantatas BWV 46 & BWV 65, Helmut Kahlhöfer, Kantorei Barmen-Gemarke, Barmen Chamber Orchestra, Georg Jelden, Theo Altmeyer
    Theo Altmeyer
    Theo Altmeyer was a German classical tenor. Although he was a successful opera singer, he is chiefly remembered for his work as an oratorio soloist...

    , Jakob Stämpfli
    Jakob Stämpfli (bass)
    Jakob Stämpfli is a Swiss bass concert singer and an influential academic teacher and director of the conservatory in Bern, also a teacher in Saarbrücken.-Biography:...

    , Cantate 1960
  • Bach Cantatas Vol. 1 - Advent and Christmas, Karl Richter, Münchener Bach-Chor
    Münchener Bach-Chor
    Münchener Bach-Chor is a mixed choir for concert and oratorio in Munich. Performances, international tours and recordings with Karl Richter and the Münchener Bach-Orchester made the choir internationally known.- Heinrich-Schütz-Kreis :...

    , Münchener Bach-Orchester, Ernst Haefliger
    Ernst Haefliger
    Ernst Haefliger was a Swiss tenor.Haefliger was born in Davos, Switzerland and studied at the Zürich Conservatory. He studied with Fernando Capri in Geneva and Julius Patzak in Vienna....

    , Theo Adam
    Theo Adam
    Theo Adam is a distinguished German classical bass-baritone who had an active international career in operas, concerts, and recitals from the 1940s through the 1990s. He particularly excelled in portraying roles from the operas of Richard Wagner...

    , Archiv Produktion 1967
  • J.S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk - Sacred Cantatas Vol. 4, Nikolaus Harnoncourt
    Nikolaus Harnoncourt
    Nikolaus Harnoncourt is an Austrian conductor, particularly known for his historically informed performances of music from the Classical era and earlier. Starting out as a classical cellist, he founded his own period instrument ensemble in the 1950s, and became a pioneer of the Early Music movement...

    , Tölzer Knabenchor
    Tölzer Knabenchor
    The Tölzer Knabenchor is a boys' choir with roots in the Bavarian town of Bad Tölz.The choir group is still led by director and singing master Gerhard Schmidt-Gaden, who founded the choir in 1956 when he was only nineteen years old. The founder was once a student of Carl Orff's and worked with him...

    , Concentus Musicus Wien
    Concentus Musicus Wien
    Concentus Musicus Wien is a baroque music ensemble founded by Nikolaus and Alice Harnoncourt in 1953. It generated the now well-established movement in performance and recordings to play early music on period instruments....

    , Kurt Equiluz
    Kurt Equiluz
    Kurt Equiluz is an Austrian classical tenor in opera and concert, known for recording works of Johann Sebastian Bach with Nikolaus Harnoncourt and Helmuth Rilling, a member of the Vienna State Opera as a tenor buffo from 1957 until 1983.- Professional career :Kurt Equiluz was an alto soloist of...

    , Ruud van der Meer, Teldec
    Teldec
    The Teldec is a German record label in Hamburg, Germany. Today the label is a property of Warner Music Group.-History:...

     1977
  • Die Bach Kantate Vol. 21, Helmuth Rilling
    Helmuth Rilling
    Helmuth Rilling is an internationally known German choral conductor, founder of the Gächinger Kantorei , the Bach-Collegium Stuttgart , the Oregon Bach Festival , the Internationale Bachakademie Stuttgart and other Bach Academies worldwide, and the "Festival Ensemble Stuttgart"...

    , Gächinger Kantorei
    Gächinger Kantorei
    Gächinger Kantorei is an internationally known German mixed choir, founded by Helmuth Rilling in 1954 in Gächingen and still conducted by him. A "Kantorei" is a choir of high standard dedicated mostly, but not exclusively, to sacred music. The ensemble operates in Stuttgart now and is therefore...

    , Bach-Collegium Stuttgart
    Bach-Collegium Stuttgart
    Bach-Collegium Stuttgart is an internationally known German instrumental ensemble, founded by Helmuth Rilling in 1965 to accompany the Gächinger Kantorei in choral music with orchestra...

    , Adalbert Kraus
    Adalbert Kraus
    Adalbert Kraus is a German tenor in opera and concert, known for singing the works of Johann Sebastian Bach.- Biography :...

    , Wolfgang Schöne
    Wolfgang Schöne
    - Biography :Schöne was born in Bad Gandersheim. He began his studies of voice at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hannover with Naan Pöld in 1964 and moved with him to the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg in 1986, achieving his diploma as a concert singer and music teacher in 1969.His...

    , Hänssler
    Hänssler Classic
    Hänssler Classic is a German classical record label based in Holzgerlingen.Friedrich Hänssler Senior founded Musikverlag Hänssler in 1919 to publish church music. Since 1972 Hänssler Classic has also published contemporary and jazz music...

     1979
  • J.S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 8, Ton Koopman
    Ton Koopman
    Ton Koopman is a conductor, organist and harpsichordist.Koopman had a "classical education" and then studied the organ , harpsichord and musicology in Amsterdam...

    , Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir
    Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir
    The Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir is a Dutch early-music group based in Amsterdam.The Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir was created in two stages by the conductor, organist and harpsichordist Ton Koopman. He founded the Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra in 1979 and the Amsterdam Baroque Choir in...

    , Jörg Dürmüller
    Jörg Dürmüller
    Jörg Dürmüller is a Swiss classical tenor in concert and opera.- Biography :Dürmüller studied violin and voice at the conservatory of Winterthur and took voice master classes with Edith Mathis, Christa Ludwig and Hermann Prey....

    , Klaus Mertens
    Klaus Mertens
    Klaus Mertens is a German bass and bass-baritone singer who is known especially for his interpretation of the complete works of Johann Sebastian Bach.-Professional career:Klaus Mertens took singing lessons while attending school...

    , Antoine Marchand 1998
  • Bach Cantatas Vol. 18: New York, John Eliot Gardiner
    John Eliot Gardiner
    Sir John Eliot Gardiner CBE FKC is an English conductor. He founded the Monteverdi Choir , the English Baroque Soloists and the Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique...

    , Monteverdi Choir
    Monteverdi Choir
    The Monteverdi Choir was founded in 1964 by Sir John Eliot Gardiner for a performance of the Monteverdi Vespers in King's College Chapel, Cambridge. A specialist Baroque ensemble, the Choir has become famous for its stylistic conviction and extensive repertoire, encompassing music from the early...

    , English Baroque Soloists
    English Baroque Soloists
    The English Baroque Soloists is a chamber orchestra playing on period instruments, formed in 1978 by English conductor Sir John Eliot Gardiner. Its repertoire comprises music from the early Baroque period to the Classical period...

    , James Gilchrist
    James Gilchrist (tenor)
    James Gilchrist is a British tenor specialising in recital and oratoria singing. He began his working life as a doctor, turning to a full-time music career in 1996...

    , Peter Harvey, Soli Deo Gloria
    Soli Deo Gloria (label)
    Founded in 2004 in order to release the recordings made during the Bach Cantata pilgrimage that took place in the year 2000. Following its launch in 2005, Soli Deo Gloria has established itself as one of the leading independent record labels....

     2000
  • J.S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 21, Masaaki Suzuki
    Masaaki Suzuki
    is a Japanese organist, harpsichordist and conductor, and the founder and musical director of the Bach Collegium Japan.He was born in Kobe to parents who were both Christians and amateur musicians...

    , Bach Collegium Japan
    Bach Collegium Japan
    Bach Collegium Japan is composed of an orchestra and a chorus specialising in Baroque music, playing with period instruments. It was founded in 1990 by Masaaki Suzuki with the purpose of introducing Japanese audiences to European Baroque music. Suzuki still remains its music director...

    , James Gilchrist
    James Gilchrist (tenor)
    James Gilchrist is a British tenor specialising in recital and oratoria singing. He began his working life as a doctor, turning to a full-time music career in 1996...

    , Peter Kooy
    Peter Kooy
    Peter Kooy is a Dutch bass singer specialized in baroque music.- Biography :Peter Kooy started his musical career at 6 years as a choir boy. However he started his musical studies as a violin student...

    , BIS
    BIS Records
    BIS Records is a record label founded in 1973 by Robert von Bahr. It is located in Åkersberga, Sweden.BIS focuses on classical music, both contemporary and early, especially works that are not already well represented by existing recordings....

     2002
  • J.S. Bach: Cantatas for the Complete Liturgical Year Vol. 4, Sigiswald Kuijken
    Sigiswald Kuijken
    Sigiswald Kuijken is a Belgian violinist, violist, and conductor known for playing on authentic instruments.-Biography:Kuijken was born in Dilbeek, near Brussels. He was a member of the Alarius Ensemble of Brussels between 1964 and 1972 and formed La Petite Bande in 1972...

    , La Petite Bande
    La Petite Bande
    La Petite Bande is a Belgium-based ensemble specialising in Baroque music played on period instruments. They are particularly known for their recordings of works by Corelli, Rameau, Handel, and Bach.-History:...

    , Elisabeth Hermans, Petra Noskaiová
    Petra Noskaiová
    Petra Noskaiová is a Slovak classical mezzo-soprano, active in the field of Baroque music.- Professional career :Petra Noskaiová studied studied music at the conservatory of Bratislava from 1988 to 1994 and voice with Ružena Illenbergerová...

    , Jan Kobow
    Jan Kobow
    Jan Kobow is a German classical tenor in concert, Lied and Baroque opera.-Professional career:Jan Kobow was born and raised in Berlin. He was a singer and soloist of the Staats- und Domchor, Berlin with Christian Grube. He studied the organ at the Schola Cantorum in Paris and graduated in church...

    , Jan van der Crabben
    Jan van der Crabben
    Jan van der Crabben is a Belgian baritone singer.Born in 1964 in Ghent, Belgium, van der Crabben studied music at the Etterbeek Academy under the direction of Aquiles Delle Vigne and subsequently at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels...

    , Accent 2006

External links

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