Sidónio Pais
Encyclopedia
Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (siˈdɔniu ˈpajʃ; Caminha
, Caminha, 1 May 1872–Lisbon
, 14 December 1918) was a Portuguese
politician
and diplomat
, the fourth President
in 1918. He was known as the President-King.
, Nossa Senhora da Assunção, 1 November 1846 – Ferreira do Zêzere, Dornes, 27 August 1883), a Law Clerk
and Public
Notary
in Caminha
and later in Pedrógão Grande and Sertã
, and wife (m. Caminha
, Nossa Senhora da Assunção, 22 June 1871) Rita Júlia Cardoso da Silva (Caminha
, Caminha, 29 August 1844 – Caminha
, Caminha, 9 March 1919). His brothers and sisters were Rita (b. Caminha
, Caminha, 1873), Alberto (Caminha
, Caminha, 1874 – Caminha
, Caminha, 1877), António (Caminha
, Caminha, 15 November 1876 – Lisbon
, Hospital da Marinha, 27 June 1949), who was also a military
and married at the Igreja Matriz de Caminha, Caminha
, 7 May 1904 Júlia Cândida de Sant' Ana Cerqueira (Caminha
, Caminha, 1 September 1881 – Lisbon
, 6 June 1968) and had issue, Ana da Glória (b. Caminha
, Caminha, 1878), Alberto (b. Pedrógão Grande, 1881, d. child) and Aureliano (b. Sertã
, 1883, d. child).
at the Army School, and later, at the University of Coimbra. He became a member of Parliament in 1911, and from 12 November 1911 he was the 4th Minister of Finance for a short period. He was ambassador
in Berlin
from 1912 until 1916, when Portugal joined the First World War
on the Allied side.
On 5 December 1917, he led an uprising against Afonso Costa
's Democratic Party government, and established an authoritarian regime. He became the 99th Prime-Minister and was elected President (unopposed) on 28 April 1918. He also became the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 11 December 1917 until 9 May 1918.
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His short period in office saw a warming of Church-state relations, the extension of the electoral franchise, and the smashing defeat of the ill-prepared Portuguese troops at La Lys, in France
.
He escaped a first assassination
attempt, but was shot on 14 December 1918 by José Júlio da Costa, at Rossio railway station, in Lisbon, when he was preparing to board a train to Porto
, to hold discussions with the monarchist leaders of the Northern Military Juntas.
, São Gonçalo, 1868/1869 – Porto
?/Lisbon
, 14 September 1945), daughter of Vitorino Ferreira Bessa (Penafiel
, Luzim/Perozelo, 1810 – Amarante, São Gonçalo, 16 February 1894), a Landowner, and wife Bernardina Joaquina/Augusta Pinto Martins (Valença
, Santa Maria da Praça, Casa do Assento Militar, 1826 – 15 March 1905), the couple had five children, four sons and one daughter. Out of wedlock, by one Ema Manso Preto (born in 12 September 1871 and wife (m. 22 December 1900) of Álvaro Augusto Leite Ribeiro), he also had a daughter. He is the great-grandfather in male line of pianist
and composer
Bernardo Sassetti.
Caminha
Caminha is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants ....
, Caminha, 1 May 1872–Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, 14 December 1918) was a Portuguese
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
and diplomat
Diplomat
A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with another state or international organization. The main functions of diplomats revolve around the representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state, as well as the promotion of information and...
, the fourth President
President of Portugal
Portugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....
in 1918. He was known as the President-King.
Family
He was the eldest child and son of Sidónio Alberto Marrocos Pais (CaminhaCaminha
Caminha is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants ....
, Nossa Senhora da Assunção, 1 November 1846 – Ferreira do Zêzere, Dornes, 27 August 1883), a Law Clerk
Law clerk
A law clerk or a judicial clerk is a person who provides assistance to a judge in researching issues before the court and in writing opinions. Law clerks are not court clerks or courtroom deputies, who are administrative staff for the court. Most law clerks are recent law school graduates who...
and Public
Public
In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individuals, and the public is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the Öffentlichkeit or public sphere. The concept of a public has also been defined in political science,...
Notary
Notary
A notary is a lawyer or person with legal training who is licensed by the state to perform acts in legal affairs, in particular witnessing signatures on documents...
in Caminha
Caminha
Caminha is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants ....
and later in Pedrógão Grande and Sertã
Sertã
Sertã is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 446.7 km² and a total population of 16,208 inhabitants.The municipality is composed of 14 parishes and is located in Castelo Branco District....
, and wife (m. Caminha
Caminha
Caminha is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants ....
, Nossa Senhora da Assunção, 22 June 1871) Rita Júlia Cardoso da Silva (Caminha
Caminha
Caminha is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants ....
, Caminha, 29 August 1844 – Caminha
Caminha
Caminha is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants ....
, Caminha, 9 March 1919). His brothers and sisters were Rita (b. Caminha
Caminha
Caminha is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants ....
, Caminha, 1873), Alberto (Caminha
Caminha
Caminha is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants ....
, Caminha, 1874 – Caminha
Caminha
Caminha is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants ....
, Caminha, 1877), António (Caminha
Caminha
Caminha is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants ....
, Caminha, 15 November 1876 – Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, Hospital da Marinha, 27 June 1949), who was also a military
Military
A military is an organization authorized by its greater society to use lethal force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or perceived threats. The military may have additional functions of use to its greater society, such as advancing a political agenda e.g...
and married at the Igreja Matriz de Caminha, Caminha
Caminha
Caminha is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants ....
, 7 May 1904 Júlia Cândida de Sant' Ana Cerqueira (Caminha
Caminha
Caminha is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants ....
, Caminha, 1 September 1881 – Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, 6 June 1968) and had issue, Ana da Glória (b. Caminha
Caminha
Caminha is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants ....
, Caminha, 1878), Alberto (b. Pedrógão Grande, 1881, d. child) and Aureliano (b. Sertã
Sertã
Sertã is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 446.7 km² and a total population of 16,208 inhabitants.The municipality is composed of 14 parishes and is located in Castelo Branco District....
, 1883, d. child).
Life
He was an army officer and taught mathematicsMathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...
at the Army School, and later, at the University of Coimbra. He became a member of Parliament in 1911, and from 12 November 1911 he was the 4th Minister of Finance for a short period. He was ambassador
Ambassador
An ambassador is the highest ranking diplomat who represents a nation and is usually accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization....
in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
from 1912 until 1916, when Portugal joined the First World War
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
on the Allied side.
On 5 December 1917, he led an uprising against Afonso Costa
Afonso Costa
Afonso Augusto da Costa, GCTE, GCL was a Portuguese lawyer, professor, and republican politician.-Political career:Costa was the leader of the Portuguese Republican Party, and he was one of the major figures of the Portuguese First Republic. He was a republican deputy in the Chamber of Deputies...
's Democratic Party government, and established an authoritarian regime. He became the 99th Prime-Minister and was elected President (unopposed) on 28 April 1918. He also became the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 11 December 1917 until 9 May 1918.
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
.
He escaped a first assassination
Assassination
To carry out an assassination is "to murder by a sudden and/or secret attack, often for political reasons." Alternatively, assassination may be defined as "the act of deliberately killing someone, especially a public figure, usually for hire or for political reasons."An assassination may be...
attempt, but was shot on 14 December 1918 by José Júlio da Costa, at Rossio railway station, in Lisbon, when he was preparing to board a train to Porto
Porto
Porto , also known as Oporto in English, is the second largest city in Portugal and one of the major urban areas in the Iberian Peninsula. Its administrative limits include a population of 237,559 inhabitants distributed within 15 civil parishes...
, to hold discussions with the monarchist leaders of the Northern Military Juntas.
Descendants
He married in Amarante in 1895 Maria dos Prazeres Martins Bessa (AmaranteAmarante, Portugal
Amarante is a city in Amarante Municipality, Portugal.The city itself has a population of 11,261 inhabitants. It sits on the banks of the Tâmega River.It is a sister city of Wiesloch, Germany.- Culture :...
, São Gonçalo, 1868/1869 – Porto
Porto
Porto , also known as Oporto in English, is the second largest city in Portugal and one of the major urban areas in the Iberian Peninsula. Its administrative limits include a population of 237,559 inhabitants distributed within 15 civil parishes...
?/Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, 14 September 1945), daughter of Vitorino Ferreira Bessa (Penafiel
Penafiel
Penafiel Municipality is located in Porto District in the North of Portugal.The municipal areas surrounding Penafiel City have a population of 71,801 and are made up of 38 parishes, comprising 212,82 km²....
, Luzim/Perozelo, 1810 – Amarante, São Gonçalo, 16 February 1894), a Landowner, and wife Bernardina Joaquina/Augusta Pinto Martins (Valença
Valença
Valença , also known as Valença do Minho, is a municipality and a town in Portugal with a total area of 117.1 km² and a total population of 14,324 inhabitants...
, Santa Maria da Praça, Casa do Assento Militar, 1826 – 15 March 1905), the couple had five children, four sons and one daughter. Out of wedlock, by one Ema Manso Preto (born in 12 September 1871 and wife (m. 22 December 1900) of Álvaro Augusto Leite Ribeiro), he also had a daughter. He is the great-grandfather in male line of pianist
Pianist
A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
and composer
Composer
A composer is a person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media...
Bernardo Sassetti.