:शंकर-जयकिशन), also known as S/J, is an India

India

India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

n music composer

Composer

A composer is a person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media...

 duo in the Hindi film industry, working together from 1949–1971.

Shankar-Jaikishan, along with other artists, wrote "everlasting" and "immortal melodies" in fifties and sixties. Their best work was noted for being "raga-based and having both lilt and sonority".

Early years

Shankar Singh Raghuvanshi (25 October 1922 – 26 April 1987) born in Punjab moved to Hyderabad while Jaikishan Dayabhai Panchal (4 November 1929 – 12 September 1971) belonged to Bansda

Bansda

Bansda is a city and a Municipality in the Navsari District in the Indian State of Gujarat. Covering an area of 557 km² and currently a part of Gujarat....

 (Vansada), Gujarat.

During his formative years, Shankar played the tabla

Tabla

The tabla is a popular Indian percussion instrument used in Hindustani classical music and in popular and devotional music of the Indian subcontinent. The instrument consists of a pair of hand drums of contrasting sizes and timbres...

 and learned the art formally from Baba Nasir Khansahib. For many years, Shankar studied as a disciple of the legendary composer Khawaja Khurshid Anwar

Khawaja Khurshid Anwar

Khwaja Khurshid Anwar was a filmmaker, writer, director and music composer who gained extreme popularity both in India and Pakistan...

, in whose orchestra he performed. Jaikishan was adept at playing the harmonium

Harmonium

A harmonium is a free-standing keyboard instrument similar to a reed organ. Sound is produced by air being blown through sets of free reeds, resulting in a sound similar to that of an accordion...

. Subsequently, he obtained his musical lessons from Sangeet Visharad Wadilalji and later from Prem Shankar Nayak. After moving to Bombay, he became a disciple of Vinayak Tambe. Shankar started his career with a theater group run by Satyanarayan and Hemawati, before shifting to Prithvi Theatre

Prithvi Theatre

Prithvi Theatre is one of Mumbai's best known theatres. It belongs to the Kapoor family, one of the most influential actor/director families in Bollywood. The theatre is named after Prithviraj Kapoor who first founded 'Prithvi Theatres', a travelling theatre company in 1944. The company ran for...

 where he played tabla and performed some minor roles in plays. Shankar worked as assistant to the leading composer duo of Husnlal Bhagatram

Husnlal Bhagatram

Husnlal Bhagatram are considered to be the first pair of music directors in Indian Film Industry, way back in 1944. It is said that the concept of music directors duo started with them. They served the bollywood in the era of Naushad, Anil Biswas and C. Ramachandra...

.

Apart from working at Prithvi theaters, Shankar used to frequently visit the office of a Gujrati director Chandravadan Bhatt who had promised Shankar that he would give him a break as a Music Director as and when he produced a film. It was outside the office of Mr Bhatt that Shankar saw `ek dubla patla sunder `ladka' also sitting a number of times. Although they never spoke to each other, one fine day, Shankar took the initiative of starting the conversation and then discovered that his name was Jaikishan and he too used to visit the same producer in search of some work related to music and that he was a Harmonium player. Shankar later recollected that their vibes were right from the very beginning i.e. right from their first meeting itself they developed liking for each other (rather than any feelings of rivalry which could have been natural since both were visiting Mr Bhatt for similar reason) and it was he who then and there assured Jaikishan of the job of a Harmonium player at Prithvi theaters (without asking Prithviraj Kapoor

Prithviraj Kapoor

Prithviraj Kapoor , 3 November 1906 – 29 May 1972) was a pioneer of Indian theatre and of the Hindi film industry, who started his career as an actor, in the silent era of Hindi cinema, associated with IPTA and who founded Prithvi Theatres, a travelling theatre company based in Mumbai, in...

, fondly referred to as `Papaji'). Of course, later, Papaji honoured Shankar's selection and gladly accepted Jaikishan as a Harmonium player at Prithvi. Soon, the two of them developed very close friendship to the extent that the people started refererring to them as `Ram-Lakshman' ki jodi and by several similar-meaning nick names. It was during this phase that Shankar and Jaikishan developed a very deep bond of friendship, mutual understanding and regard for each other and made up their mind to work together as a musical team. Apart from following their musical pursuits, they also used to play significant roles in various plays including the famous play "Pathan".

While working in Prithvi Theaters, Shankar and Jaikishan, apart from working in the music department there, used to compose tunes and were in touch with Raj Kapoor

Raj Kapoor

Known as Ranbir Raj Kapoor Rāj Kapūr, 14 December 1924 – 2 June 1988), also known as The Show-Man, was an Indian film actor, producer and director of Hindi cinema. He was the winner of nine Filmfare Awards, while his films Awaara and Boot Polish were nominated for the Palme d'Or at the...

, who was working as an assistant to the famous director Kidar Sharma

Kidar Sharma

Kidar Nath Sharma also Kedar Sharma , was an Indian film director, producer, Screenwriter, and Lyricist of Hindi films...

 and was aspiring to be an actor/director. Thus, the three had met at Prithvi Theater, run by Raj Kapoor's father, Prithviraj Kapoor.

`Barsaat': the First break

Raj Kapoor made his debut as a director with the film "Aag

Aag (1948 film)

Aag is a 1948 Bollywood film which is produced, directed by and stars Raj Kapoor. The film marked the debut of Raj Kapoor as producer and director and was the first film produced by his R.K Banner. It was also the first of many films he did with actress Nargis. Premnath, Nigar Sultana, Kamal...

" in 1948. While the film received a mixed response at the box office, its musical score (in which the music director Ram Ganguli was assisted by Shankar and Jaikishan) proved to be quite popular. However, during the recording of some song for his new venture `Barsaat', Raj Kapoor had some serious differences with Ram Ganguly, the music composer of the film and decided to assign its music to Shankar who insisted on taking Jaikishan as his partner and thus came into existence the new pair of music directors(MD) named `Shankar-Jaikishan' who gave landmark, path-breaking and trend-setting music for the RK production `Barsaat' in 1949.

Himself being a trained singer (he and Mukesh learned vocal music from the same Guru) and having an ear for good music, Raj Kapoor thus, took on board, a completely new team of composers Shankar and Jaikishan and lyricists Shailendra

Shailendra

Shankardas Kesarilal , popularly known by his pen name Shailendra, was a popular Indian Hindi lyricist.-Career as a lyricist:...

 and Hasrat Jaipuri

Hasrat Jaipuri

Hasrat Jaipuri was a Hindi and Urdu poet and film lyricist.-Initial Days:Jaipuri was born Iqbal Husain in Jaipur, where he studied English till medium level, and then acquired his taalim in Urdu and Persian from his grandfather, Fida Husain. He began writing verse, when he was around twenty years...

 (a former bus conductor). On the insistence of Shankar, he and SJ co-opted the upcoming singing talent Lata Mangeshkar

Lata Mangeshkar

Lata Mangeshkar is a singer from India. She is one of the best-known and most respected playback singers in India. Mangeshkar's career started in 1942 and has spanned over six and a half decades. She has recorded songs for over a thousand Hindi films and has sung songs in over thirty-six regional...

, and repeated Mukesh as Raj Kapoor's ghost voice for the various songs of Barsaat. In due course, this team was to prove to be one of the most successful musical combinations.

Barsaat was a super hit, both commercially and more so musically. Among other things, it established Lata Mangeshkar as the undisputed queen of Hindi film music. It also had the distinction of giving two firsts to Hindi cinema – a title song (Barsaat mein hamse miley tum) and a cabaret (Patli kamar hai). The film propelled Shankar-Jaikishan on the road to musical super-stardom and to a stature that remains unmatched to this date.

Early works

The two became known by the acronym "S-J".

Their early works include Awaara

Awaara

Awaara is a 1951 Hindi film directed and produced by Raj Kapoor who also plays the leading role. His real-life father Prithviraj Kapoor stars as his on-screen father Judge Raghunath. Kapoor's youngest real-life brother Shashi Kapoor plays the younger version of his character...

, Aah

AAH

AAH or Aah is a three-letter acronym or word that can refer to:*AAH, Arlington Academy of Hope Arlington Academy of Hope, non-profit organization that helps Ugandan children reach their full potential*Iah, an ancient Egyptian god of the moon...

, Shree 420, Basant Bahar

Basant Bahar (film)

Basant Bahar is an Indian romantic and melodramatic film from 1956. The songs lyrics were written by Shailendra and Hasrat Jaipuri.-Plot:...

, Halaku, Patita, Kathputli

Kathputli (1957 film)

Kathputli |Puppet]]) is a 1957 Pygmalion Black-and-white Social Hindi film produced by Ajit Chakraborty and Amiya Chakrabarty with their Sreerangam Production. The film was the last film of director Amiya Chakrabarty who had earlier directed Basant, Daag and Seema. He died during the filming and...

 Anari

Anari

Anari is a 1959 Bollywood film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. The film stars Raj Kapoor, Nutan, Motilal and Lalita Pawar. The music was by Shankar Jaikishan and the lyrics by Hasrat Jaipuri as well as Shailendra...

, Chori Chori

Chori Chori

Chori Chori is a 1956 Hindi film directed by Anant Thakur, with music by Shankar Jaikishan and lyrics by Hasrat Jaipuri and Shailendra. The film is inspired by the Hollywood movie, It Happened One Night. The film stars Raj Kapoor and Nargis. Bhagwan Dada, Pran, David, and Johnny Walker have...

, Daag

Daag (1952 film)

Daag is a 1952 Indian Hindi film produced and directed by Amiya Chakrabarty. The film stars Dilip Kumar, Nimmi and Lalita Pawar. The films music is by Shankar Jaikishan...

, Baadshah, Boot Polish

Boot Polish (film)

Boot Polish is a 1954 Hindi film directed by Prakash Arora and produced by Raj Kapoor. It won Best Film at the Filmfare Awards and was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.-Plot:...

, and Ujala .

Musical collaborators

S-J formed a core team with lyricists Shailendra (himself regarded as perhaps the greatest of his ilk) and Hasrat Jaipuri and with singers Mohammed Rafi

Mohammed Rafi

Mohammad Rafi , was an Indian playback singer whose career spanned four decades. He was awarded National Award and 6 Filmfare Awards. In 1967, he was honoured with the Padma Shri awarded by the Government of India....

 and Lata Mangeshkar

Lata Mangeshkar

Lata Mangeshkar is a singer from India. She is one of the best-known and most respected playback singers in India. Mangeshkar's career started in 1942 and has spanned over six and a half decades. She has recorded songs for over a thousand Hindi films and has sung songs in over thirty-six regional...

. SJ had two other life-long companions who worked as their assistants: Dattaram Wadkar and Sebastian De'souza

Sebastian D'Souza

Sebastian D'Souza was a successful music arranger in the Bollywood music industry, considered to be the master of fusing Indian classical music with European classical music concepts of harmony, cadence and obbligato...

, the former supervising their rhythm section and the later writing musical notations for all SJ compositions (during SJ's musical sittings as can be seen in a number of photographs of such sessions) and then rehearsing all the musicians of the grand SJ orchestra according to SJ's compositions and directions. SJ also patronized the immensely talented singer Manna Dey, who sang his best songs with them and used Mukesh's silken voice as playback for Raj Kapoor. Among the directors, they worked most closely with Raj Kapoor and were considered the kingpins of his legendary banner RK Films.

They were commercial geniuses in addition to be wonderfully god-blessed on music. They lead the Bollywood music in spite of tough competition from maestros like Roshan, SD Burman, OP Nayyar and Madanmohan and remained on the top much to the chagrin of very highly talented music directors!

S-J worked with almost all singers of their time. They had a good working relationship with all of them and were masters in extracting the very best from every one of them. They were steady as a team with Hasrat Jaipuri & Shailendra as their lyricists; but after the demise of Shailendra, they worked with a host of other lyricists such as Indeewar, Gulshan Bawra, Neeraj, Verma Malik, Majrooh Sultanpuri

Majrooh Sultanpuri

Majrooh Sultanpuri was an Urdu poet, lyricist and songwriter...

, Vithhal Bhai Patel and Rajinder Krishan, to name a few.

S-J were the "house composers" for RK Films and were on their pay-roll till the end. Raj Kapoor used to maintain a music bank where he stored compositions of S-J. Even after the termination of the professional association between Shankar and Raj Kapoor (Jaikishan had died by then), the latter had used a number of S-J's earlier compositions (which were in his custody) for all his films though the credits were given officially to other composers, e.g., Laxmikant Pyarelal (Bobby

Bobby (1973 film)

Bobby is a 1973 Bollywood film directed by Raj Kapoor. The film was widely popular, and widely imitated. It also represented the film début for Dimple Kapadia and the first leading role for Raj Kapoor's son, Rishi Kapoor....

, Satyam Shivam Sundaram, Prem Rog) and Ravindra Jain

Ravindra Jain

Ravindra Jain is an Indian music composer and lyricist. He won the Filmfare Best Music Director Award in 1985.-Early life:...

 (Ram Teri Ganga Maili). S-J also worked with other stars like Shammi Kapoor

Shammi Kapoor

Shammi Kapoor was an Indian film actor and director. He was a prominent lead actor in Hindi cinema from the late 1950s until the early 1970s....

, Rajendra Kumar

Rajendra Kumar

Rajendra Kumar was one of the most successful Indian Bollywood actors in the 1960s and 1970s. He also produced several films in the 1980s starring his son Kumar Gaurav....

, Dev Anand

Dev Anand

Dharam Dev Anand , better known as Dev Anand , is an Indian Hindi Cinema actor, director and film producer. Dev is the second of three brothers who were active in Hindi Cinema. His brothers are Chetan Anand and Vijay Anand. Their sister, Sheel Kanta Kapur, is the mother of renowned Hindi and...

, Sunil Dutt

Sunil Dutt

Sunil Dutt , born Sunil Balraj Dutt, was an Indian Hindi movie actor , producer, director and politician. He was the cabinet minister for Youth Affairs and Sports in the Manmohan Singh government...

, Kishore Kumar

Kishore Kumar

Kishore Kumar , born Abhas Kumar Ganguly, was an Indian film playback singer and an actor who also worked as lyricist, composer, producer, director, screenwriter and scriptwriter.Kishore Kumar was one of India's greatest performers of the late 20th century...

, Manoj Kumar

Manoj Kumar

Manoj Kumar is an award-winning Indian actor and director in the Bollywood film industry. He is known for acting in and directing films with patriotic themes, and has been given the nickname "Mr Bharat"...

, Biswajeet, Joy Mukherjee

Joy Mukherjee

- Family Background :Main article: Mukherjee-Samarth familyJoy Mukherjee is the son of Sashadhar Mukherjee and Sati Devi. His father was a successful producer and a co-founder of Filmalaya Studios. His paternal uncle is director Subodh Mukherjee, whilst his maternal uncles were Ashok Kumar and...

, Dharmendra

Dharmendra

Dharmendra Singh Deol |Punjab]]), better known as Dharmendra, is an award-winning Hindi film actor who has appeared in more than 247 Hindi-language films as of 2011. In 1997, he received the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award for his contribution to Hindi cinema and also another Lifetime...

 & Manoj Kumar

Manoj Kumar

Manoj Kumar is an award-winning Indian actor and director in the Bollywood film industry. He is known for acting in and directing films with patriotic themes, and has been given the nickname "Mr Bharat"...

.

Composition style

Shankar-Jaikishan's compositions broke new ground in Hindi film music. Apart from relying upon their knowledge of Indian classical music

Indian classical music

The origins of Indian classical music can be found in the Vedas, which are the oldest scriptures in the Hindu tradition. Indian classical music has also been significantly influenced by, or syncretised with, Indian folk music and Persian music. The Samaveda, one of the four Vedas, describes music...

, they also employed western beats and orchestration. Shankar-Jaikishan were the pioneers in establishing the role of the orchestra in song compositions as a medium to express and enhance the meanings and feelings of songs rather than using it just as a `filler' as per the prevalent practice before their advent on the scene. They made use of the orchestra and musical instruments (often dozens or hundreds of them) in their songs which consisted of the following format: The song starts with a `prelude' (preparatory music to create and introduce the environment and mood for the beginning of the song), then the mukhda starts and is followed by `interlude' containg music pieces on the orchestra. With very few exceptions(Chal Mere dil; Ye mera deewana pan hai are good examples), they always used different interludes before each stanza. `Multi-layered' music studded with counter melodies' played by the orchestra accompanied while the mukhda or the antara of a song was being sung and finally came the `epilogue' - the music with which the song ended after the singer(s) had finished their singing.

Shankar-Jaikishan made a significant contribution in promoting Indian classical music throughout their career. It was their established practice to have at least one song in a movie based on semi-classical style. These included songs like `Jhanak-jhanak tori baje payaliya' (Mere Huzoor), `Chham chham baje re payaliya' (Jane-anjane), `Radhike tune bansari churayi' (Beti Bete), `Manmohana bade jhoothe' (old `Seema'), `Koi matwala aya mere dware' (Love in Tokyo

Love in Tokyo

Love In Tokyo is a 1966 Hindi film that became a hit at the box office. It was written by Sachin Bhowmick and produced and directed by Pramod Chakravorty. The film stars Joy Mukherjee, Asha Parekh, Pran, Mehmood, Lalita Pawar, Asit Sen and Madan Puri. Hasrat Jaipuri wrote the lyrics.-Filming:The...

), `Ajahu na ayae baalma, sawan beeta jaye' (Sanjh aur Savera), `Lapak jhpak tu aa re badarwa' (Boot polish), `Ye barkha bahar sautaniya ke dwar' (Mayur pankh), `Re man sur mein ga' (Lal pathar), `Sooni sooni sans ke sitar par' (Naina), `Kate na kate raina' (Mera naam joker) and numerous others. Their music in `Basant Bahar' and Amrapali

Amrapali (film)

Amrapali is a 1966 historical Hindi film, directed by Lekh Tandon, starring Vyjayanthimala and Sunil Dutt as leads.It was based on the life of Amrapali , the nagarvadhu of Vaishali, the capital of the Licchavi republic in ancient India around 500 BC and Ajatashatru, the king of the Magadha empire,...

both of which had every song based upon Indian classical music. While "raga Bhairavi" remained their perennial favorite, SJ used a variety of Raagas in their compositions.

Shankar Jaikishan also used the western classical-based waltz

Waltz

The waltz is a ballroom and folk dance in time, performed primarily in closed position.- History :There are several references to a sliding or gliding dance,- a waltz, from the 16th century including the representations of the printer H.S. Beheim...

 rhythm in a number of songs.

Shankar-Jaikishan gave a new style and meaning to the genre of sad songs by composing them on a fast tempo. Songs like `Main zindagi mein hurdum rota hi raha hun' (Barsaat), `Tera jana dil ke armanon ka lut jana' (Anari), `Haye tu hi gaya mohe bhool re' (Kathputli), `Aye mere dil kahin aur chal' (Daag) and `Andhe jahan ke andhe raaste' (Patita) demonstrated this. The last two songs, along with many others (notably `Awaara Hoon' from the film Awaara), also demonstrate the composers’ use of musical instruments – a harmonium is used to produce the effect of a piano accordion

Piano accordion

A piano accordion is an accordion equipped with a right-hand keyboard similar to a piano or organ. Its acoustic mechanism is more similar to that of an organ than a piano, as they are both wind instruments, but the term "piano accordion"—coined by Guido Deiro in 1910—has remained the popular...

.

Working styles: `SJ' were two composers in one name

While working as a team, Shankar and Jaikishan used to compose their songs separately. Generally, Shankar liked to work with Shailendra and Jaikishan with Hasrat Jaipuri though there are notable instances where Shankar worked with Hasrat and Jaikishan with Shailendra. Between the two, Shankar was the senior partner and hence, he would usually arrange the orchestra, even for Jaikishan's songs. There was a gentleman's agreement between them for not identifying the actual composer of the song. As a result, it has been a popular pastime for S-J aficionados to try to tell a Shankar song from a Jaikishan song. Dance numbers, title/theme songs and soulful songs were Shankar's forte while Jaikishan was a master of composing background score

Soundtrack

A soundtrack can be recorded music accompanying and synchronized to the images of a motion picture, book, television program or video game; a commercially released soundtrack album of music as featured in the soundtrack of a film or TV show; or the physical area of a film that contains the...

, apart from romantic songs (he is generally regarded as the best ever in this genre) and simple, catchy compositions which became instant hits (`Ehsaan mere dil pe' being a typical example of such songs). However, Shankar was no less in this aspect of devising simple `straight line' tunes: `Mera joota hai Japani' (Sri 420) being the best example of this genre.

It is said that Jaikishan would count some numbers on his fingers before coming up with the background score for a particular scene on the spot! Two of S-J's films, viz., Sangam

Sangam (film)

Sangam is a 1964 Hindi movie produced by R. K. Films and directed by Raj Kapoor. Music for the film was composed by Shankar-Jaikishan, with song lyrics by Shailendra and Hasrat Jaipuri. Sangam was producer Raj Kapoor's first color film, distinguished by its technicolor and epic length...

 (1964) and Mera Naam Joker

Mera Naam Joker

Mera Naam Joker is a 1970 Hindi film directed by Raj Kapoor. The screenplay was written by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas. This film was the debut of Rishi Kapoor. Mera Naam Joker is a film about a clown who must make his audience laugh at the cost of his own sorrows. The film is reportedly inspired by Raj...

 (1971) are regarded even today as having some of the best background musical scores of Hindi films till date. Although Jaikishan alone used to work on background scores of SJ movies, it may be an over-simplification to presume that whatever went in background scores was solely Jaikishan's creation. Since SJ had a common pool of tunes in their stock, made by either of them or by both of them jointly during their numerous music sessions/sittings (Riyaz), it would have been perfectly legitimate and natural for Jaikishan to have used tunes created by either or both partners wherever needed. It is understood that in RK films, Shankar and Jaikishan both used to work on the background scores. On the other hand, both Shankar and Jaikishan were equally proficient in scoring western music based songs.

Despite their distinct working styles and preferences, it is very difficult, if not altogether impossible, to ascribe most of their songs to only one of them. In most of the songs, they invariably contributed to one another's creation, either in the form of improvisation of tune or of orchestration, thus, making their compositions truly a joint effort. Furthermore, each of the two could compose in other's style now and then thereby making the identification still more difficult.

Contrary to the popular mis-conception that `it was Jaikishan who used to handle the public relations and business/financial aspects of the duo's career', the fact is that it was Shankar who had the final say on all financial/business aspects of the SJ-team.

Raaga-Jazz Style

Shankar Jaikishan had the major contribution towards the development of Jazz

Jazz

Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...

 music in India and the new genre Indo Jazz

Indo jazz

Indo jazz is a hybrid musical genre consisting of jazz, classical and indian influences. The structure and patterns would be based on Indian music with the improvisation typical to jazz overlaid. The term might be comparatively recent, but the concept dates at least to the mid-1950s...

. Their 1968 album Raaga-Jazz style is the earliest Indo-Jazz recording in India. In this album, considered to be one of the most innovative, SJ created 11 songs based on Indian Ragas with saxophone

Saxophone

The saxophone is a conical-bore transposing musical instrument that is a member of the woodwind family. Saxophones are usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet. The saxophone was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in 1846...

, trumpet

Trumpet

The trumpet is the musical instrument with the highest register in the brass family. Trumpets are among the oldest musical instruments, dating back to at least 1500 BCE. They are played by blowing air through closed lips, producing a "buzzing" sound which starts a standing wave vibration in the air...

, sitar

Sitar

The 'Tablaman' is a plucked stringed instrument predominantly used in Hindustani classical music, where it has been ubiquitous since the Middle Ages...

 (by Rais Khan), tabla, bass

Double bass

The double bass, also called the string bass, upright bass, standup bass or contrabass, is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, with strings usually tuned to E1, A1, D2 and G2...

 etc.

Awards

During their career, S-J won Filmfare Best Music Director Award

Filmfare Best Music Director Award

The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...

s for a record nine times. The last three awards were won in three successive years, thereby making S-J the first composers to score a hat trick of these awards.

S-J also came out tops in Binaca Geetmala

Binaca Geetmala

Binaca Geetmala was a weekly radio countdown show of top filmi songs from Indian cinema listened to by millions of Hindi music lovers, that was broadcast on Radio Ceylon from 1952 to 1988 and then shifted to Vividh Bharati network in 1989 where it ran till 1994...

, the legendary countdown radio program on Hindi film music, where their compositions were declared the most popular on six occasions (a record later equaled by Laxmikant Pyarelal). These songs were Mera joota hai japani in 1955 (Shree 420), Teri pyari pyari surat ko in 1961 (Sasural), Ehsaan tera hoga mujh par in 1962 (Junglee), Bol radha bol in 1964 (Sangam), Baharon phool barsaao in 1966 (Suraj), and Zindagi ek safar hai suhana in 1971 (Andaaz). In 1959, seven of the top ten songs for the year were composed by S-J, a sort of record that stands perhaps to this date, though the top honors for that year went to SD Burman.

Government awards

• 1968 - Shankar-Jaikishan was honoured with the Padmashri by the Government of India
  Government of India
  The Government of India, officially known as the Union Government, and also known as the Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of the union of 28 states and seven union territories, collectively called the Republic of India...
  
  .

Filmfare Awards

Winner

• 1956 - Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...
  
   for the film Chori Chori
  Chori Chori
  Chori Chori is a 1956 Hindi film directed by Anant Thakur, with music by Shankar Jaikishan and lyrics by Hasrat Jaipuri and Shailendra. The film is inspired by the Hollywood movie, It Happened One Night. The film stars Raj Kapoor and Nargis. Bhagwan Dada, Pran, David, and Johnny Walker have...
  
  
• 1959 - Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...
  
   for the film Anari
  Anari
  Anari is a 1959 Bollywood film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. The film stars Raj Kapoor, Nutan, Motilal and Lalita Pawar. The music was by Shankar Jaikishan and the lyrics by Hasrat Jaipuri as well as Shailendra...
  
  
• 1960 - Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...
  
   for the film Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai
  Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai
  Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai is a 1960 Hindi movie produced by S. A. Bagar and directed by Kishore Sahu. The film stars Raaj Kumar, Meena Kumari, Nadira, Tun Tun, Helen and Om Prakash. The films music is by Shankar Jaikishan. One of the most famous songs in the film is Ajeeb Dastaan Hai Yeh sung by...
  
  
• 1962 - Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...
  
   for the film Professor
  Professor (film)
  Professor is a 1962 Hindi movie, produced by F. C. Mehra and directed by Lekh Tandon. The film stars Shammi Kapoor, Kalpana, Bela Bose, Lalita Pawar, Tun Tun, and Iftekhar. The film's music is by Shankar Jaikishan. The film became a box office hit.-Plot:...
  
  
• 1966 - Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...
  
   for the film Suraj
  Suraj
  Suraj is a 1966 swashbuckler Ruritanian romance Hindi film produced by S. Krishnamurthy and directed by T. Prakash Rao. The film stars Vyjayanthimala and Rajendra Kumar in the lead with Ajit, Mumtaz, Johnny Walker, Johnny Walker, Bharathi Vishnuvardhan, Lalita Pawar and Neetu Singh forms an...
  
  
• 1968 - Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...
  
   for the film Brahmachari
• 1970 - Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...
  
   for the film Pehchaan
  Pehchaan
  Pehchaan may refer to:* Pehchan , a Hindi language film of 1970, starring Manoj Kumar, Babita, and Balraj Sahni* Pehchaan , a Bollywood film released in 1993...
  
  
• 1971 - Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...
  
   for the film Mera Naam Joker
  Mera Naam Joker
  Mera Naam Joker is a 1970 Hindi film directed by Raj Kapoor. The screenplay was written by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas. This film was the debut of Rishi Kapoor. Mera Naam Joker is a film about a clown who must make his audience laugh at the cost of his own sorrows. The film is reportedly inspired by Raj...
  
  
• 1972 - Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  Filmfare Best Music Director Award
  The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...
  
   for the film Be-Imaan
  Be-Imaan
  Be-Imaan is a 1972 film directed by Sohanlal Kanwar. The film stars Manoj Kumar, Rakhee, Premnath, Pran, Prem Chopra and Tun Tun...
  
  

Nominated

• 1958 - for the film Yahudi
  Yahudi
  Yahudi is a 1958 Bollywood film directed by Bimal Roy. It starred Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Sohrab Modi, Nasir Hussain, Nigar Sultana and others....
  
  
• 1959 - for the film Chhoti Bahen
  Chhoti Bahen
  Chhoti Bahen is a 1959 Hindi film that stars Nanda in the title role, and Balraj Sahni, Shyama, and Rehman....
  
  
• 1961 - for the film Jis Desh Mein Ganga Behti Hai
• 1963 - for the film Dil Ek Mandir
  Dil Ek Mandir
  Dil Ek Mandir is a 1963 Hindi movie directed by C. V. Sridhar. The film stars Rajendra Kumar, Meena Kumari, Raaj Kumar and Mehmood. The film's music is by Shankar Jaikishan. Almost all the songs of the film were big hits and so was the film too. The film was a remake of Tamil film, Nenjil Ore...
  
  
• 1964 - for the film Sangam (film)
  Sangam (film)
  Sangam is a 1964 Hindi movie produced by R. K. Films and directed by Raj Kapoor. Music for the film was composed by Shankar-Jaikishan, with song lyrics by Shailendra and Hasrat Jaipuri. Sangam was producer Raj Kapoor's first color film, distinguished by its technicolor and epic length...
  
  
• 1965 - for the film Arzoo (1965 film)
  Arzoo (1965 film)
  Arzoo is a 1965 Bollywood film directed by Ramanand Sagar. It stars Sadhana, Rajendra Kumar, and Feroz Khan in the lead roles. It was a success at the box office. Arzoo is the story of a love that triumphed over life and fate.- Synopsis :Gopal is a skiing champion...
  
  
• 1968 - for the film Diwana (film)
  Diwana (film)
  Diwana is a 1968 Indian Bollywood film directed by Mahesh Kaul. The film stars Raj Kapoor, Saira Banu, Lalita Pawar in pivotal roles.-Plot:...
  
  
• 1969 - for the film Chanda Aur Bijli
• 1971 - for the film Andaz (1971 film)
  Andaz (1971 film)
  Andaz or Andaaz is a 1971 Hindi romantic movie starring Shammi Kapoor, Hema Malini and Rajesh Khanna...
  
  
• 1974 - for the film Resham Ki Dori
  Resham Ki Dori
  Resham Ki Dori is a 1974 Bollywood film starring Dharmendra. The film was rated "above average" at the box office. -Cast:* Dharmendra as Ajit Singh* Saira Banu as Anupama* Kumud Chuggani as Rajjo* Sujit Kumar as Dinesh...
  
  
• 1975 - for the film Sanyasi (1975 film)
  Sanyasi (1975 film)
  Sanyasi is a 1975 Hindi film directed by Sohanlal Kanwar, and starring Manoj Kumar and Hema Malini as leads.- Synopsis :Ram : In a gorgeous place stays a sanyasi - a religious minded young man who runs away from the wedding nupitals....
  
  

The Sur-Singar Awards

Winner

• 1968 - For the song Jhanak Jhanak Toree Baje Payaliya of the film Mere Huzoor
• 1971 - For the song Re Man Sur Mein Ga of the film Lal Patthar
  Lal Patthar
  Lal Patthar is a 1971 Hindi film, produced by F. C. Mehra, and directed by Sushil Majumdar. The film stars Raaj Kumar, Vinod Mehra, Hema Malini, Rakhee, Ajit, Asit Sen and Paintal...
  
  

Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards

Winner

• 1968 - Best Music Director for the film Brahmachari
• 1971 - Best Music Director for the film Andaz (1971 film)
  Andaz (1971 film)
  Andaz or Andaaz is a 1971 Hindi romantic movie starring Shammi Kapoor, Hema Malini and Rajesh Khanna...
  
  

The `so-called' disputes/differences between Shankar and Jaikishan

In a signed article in Filmfare

Filmfare

Filmfare is an English-language tabloid-sized magazine about Indian cinema. Published by The Times Group, India's largest media services conglomerate, in Mumbai , it highlights the doings of the Bollywood film scene...

, Jaikishan identified unwittingly the song Yeh mera prem patra padh kar (Sangam) as `his' composition. This led to a lot of bitterness between the two, as Shankar considered it a violation of the unwritten agreement between them. At about the same time, Shankar gave a break to singer Sharda

Sharda

Sharda Rajan Iyengar or Sharda was a playback singer in Hindi films in the 1960s and 70s. She won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer for the cabaret "Baat Zara Hai Aapas Ki" in Jahan Pyar Miley , though she is most remembered for her song "Titli Udi" in Suraj...

 and started promoting her as the new singing sensation in preference over Lata Mangeshkar. Jaikishan, however, stuck to Lata Mangeshkar for his compositions. In this period, Shankar and Jaikishan started taking individual contracts for films though every such film continued to show them together as the composers. Mohd. Rafi intervened and helped them settle their differences; however, it is conjectured that their relationship was not same as earlier and this impacted the quality of their compositions which had started exhibiting a decline (which is clearly noticeable in the movies released during the last phases of Jaikishan's lifetime and those released just after his demise).

On the other hand, Jaikishan, Hasrat and Shankar all had denied, whenever quizzed on this topic, that there ever was any rift between them. In fact, according to Hasrat, the division of work was by mutual agreement to cope up with the heavy work load so that Shankar and Shailendra looked after one part of the work while Jaikishan and Hasrat on the other part but this division was not rigid; there was a lot of give and take between them even during this phase. Towards the end (just before Jaikishan's untimely demise), in several of their last movies such as Jane Anjane (1971), Andaaz

Andaz (1971 film)

Andaz or Andaaz is a 1971 Hindi romantic movie starring Shammi Kapoor, Hema Malini and Rajesh Khanna...

 (1971), Ankhon Ankhon Mein, Shankar and Jaikishan were known to be working together. In retrospect, it appears that the so-called rift between Shankar and Jaikishan was blown out of proportion by the media and vested interests and was used later to downgrade Shankar in his post-Jaikishan years.

Since Shankar continued to support Sharda (post Sangam era) and even ghost-composed music for her film and non-film albums, it is said that Lata Mangeshkar became angry with him and discontinued singing for him. Whereas there may be some truth in this assertion, the other fact is that Lata Mangeshkar had stopped working with him after `Sangam' due to her anger against both Raj Kapoor and Shankar in making her sing `Budhha mil gaya' from Sangam which she was not keen as she did not feel comfortable with the lyrics of the song. Nevertheless, she continued singing for Jaikishan even after Sangam and till the end.

Standing in the industry

S-J enjoyed an unrivaled position in the Hindi film industry. During their heyday and even toward the later part of their career, they were the highest paid music directors in the industry. Barring stray exceptions, they were paid more than the leading actors and the promotional material of their films would give them more prominence than anyone else. In one instance, they were paid more than the highest earning actor of the day. To this date, barring composer A. R. Rahman

A. R. Rahman

Allah Rakha Rahman is an Indian composer, singer-songwriter, record producer, musician, and philanthropist. Described as the world's most prominent and prolific film composer by Time, his works are notable for integrating eastern classical music with electronic music sounds, world music genres and...

, no other composer(s) has been able to equal, let alone surpass, this feat.

S-J staged a show in Shanmukhanad Hall, Mumbai

Mumbai

Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...

 in 1970 under the aegis of the Indian Navy

Indian Navy

The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the armed forces of India. The President of India serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff , usually a four-star officer in the rank of Admiral, commands the Navy...

. In terms of attendance and grandeur, it remains unsurpassed to this day, thus providing a public seal of approval to their leading status in the industry.

Jaikishan's death and SJ's post-Jaikishan era

Jaikishan died in 1971 due to cirrhosis of liver

Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis, scar tissue and regenerative nodules , leading to loss of liver function...

, a disease caused by excessive consumption of alcohol. At the time of his death, the duo enjoyed an unparalleled popularity which was underlined by a massive turnout at his funeral procession. Gaylord, a restaurant at Churchgate (Mumbai) where Jaikishan used to be a regular visitor, mourned the death of its illustrious patron by lighting a candle on his favorite table for one month and keeping it out of bounds for other guests with the sign "Reserved for Mr. Jaikishan".

After Jaikishan's death, Shankar carried on with the banner of Shankar-Jaikishan alone (as per their mutual understanding made during their lifetime that in case of the demise of any one of them, the surviving partner will continue to work with the same team name). He was clearly hampered by numerous reasons such as the departure of his soul-mate Jaikishan his favorite lyricist Shailendra, betrayal of Raj Kapoor

Raj Kapoor

Known as Ranbir Raj Kapoor Rāj Kapūr, 14 December 1924 – 2 June 1988), also known as The Show-Man, was an Indian film actor, producer and director of Hindi cinema. He was the winner of nine Filmfare Awards, while his films Awaara and Boot Polish were nominated for the Palme d'Or at the...

, continued Shankar-bashing and false propaganda by his rivals and lack of motivation on his own part due to which his music appeared to suffer in comparison to S-J's own high standards. Also, in spite of his continued experimentation on music, the projects themselves for which he worked did not turn out to be commercial successes due to which even his good scores went largely un-noticed.

According to Lata Mangeshkar herself, it was the late Mohd. Rafi who brought about a rapprochement between the two and she did start singing again for Shankar starting from Sohan Lal Kanwar's `Sanyasi

Sanyasi (1975 film)

Sanyasi is a 1975 Hindi film directed by Sohanlal Kanwar, and starring Manoj Kumar and Hema Malini as leads.- Synopsis :Ram : In a gorgeous place stays a sanyasi - a religious minded young man who runs away from the wedding nupitals....

' and several other films later. Although Shankar's creations during this period for Lata as well as other singers like Rafi, Kishore, Manna Dey were quite good, most of these went un-noticed due to non-descript status of such films which bombed at the box office. His most-successful musical hit was Sanyasi in 1975 for which he scored all songs and the entire background score based upon SJ's favorite Raag Bhairavi to prove the point that SJ' Bhairavi was as much Shankar's as that of Jaikishan !

After Sanyasi, although some of Shankar's later songs did exhibit flashes of the old maestro's brilliance, overall, these films (Aatmaram, D-Jhooth, Garam Khoon, Papi Pet Ka Sawal Hai, Chorni, Eint ka Jawab Pathar etc.) did not succeed in endearing him to leading production houses, though there were some exceptions. For example, actor Dharmendra had signed Shankar to compose the score for his film Bichchhoo, however, since Shankar did not accept Sai's (who was more keen in having Raj Kamal as MD) intereference in his work, he opted out of the project. Eventually, the project itself was abandoned by producer-to-be Dharmendra.

Shankar was in the running for Raj Kapoor's film Satyam Shivam Sundaram

Satyam Shivam Sundaram

Satyam Shivam Sundaram is an Indian film. Satyam means Truth, Shivam can refer to either Lord Shiva or Eternal and Sundaram means Beautiful.-Plot:...

 (1978), but was overlooked in favor of Laxmikant Pyarelal whose candidature was supported vigorously by Mukesh. Ironically, Mukesh owed his standing in the film industry primarily to S-J's compositions.

Shankar was also considered for Raj Kapoor's proposed film Param Vir Chakra (his case was supported by Raj Kapoor's sons), but the project did not see the light of day and Shankar never returned to the RK camp.

Shankar's death

Shankar died in 1987. Sadly, his death received nominal media coverage and his funeral was attended only by his family and some friends. The film industry was hardly represented at his funeral (even Raj Kapoor did not attend), thus reinforcing the stereotype of its fickle-natured loyalties.

Raj Kapoor later paid glowing tributes to the colleague of his salad days in a televised interview. However, it was only after Raj Kapoor's own death in 1988 that the significance of his association with S-J was brought out in great detail.

Legacy

Descendents of Shankar and Jaikishan stayed away from the film industry. Shankar's family is based in Hyderabad and is involved in the hotel business. Jaikishan's family is based in Mumbai and his wife (Pallavi Jaikishan) and one daughter (Bhairavi Jaikishan) are dress designers of repute. Jaikishan's other children pursue different vocations.

Selected filmography

• Barsaat
  Barsaat
  Barsaat is a 1949 Bollywood film directed by Raj Kapoor. The film stars the famous duo of Kapoor and Nargis as well as Prem Nath. It was also the introduction of actress Nimmi in her first film role. Barsaat was one of the first major hit films directed by Kapoor...
  
   (1949)
• Aawara (1951)
• Baadal (1951)
• Daag (1952)
• Aah (1953)
• Aas (1953)
• Patita (1953)
• Boot Polish (1954)
• Mayur Pankh (1954)
• Seema (1955)
• Shri 420 (1955)
• Basant Bahaar (1956)
• Chori Chori (1956)
• Halaku (1956)
• Patrani
  Patrani
  Patrani is a 1958 Hindi Black-and-white Costume drama written by R. S. Choudhury and directed by Vijay Bhatt. The film starred Vyjayanthimala, Pradeep Kumar in the lead with Shashikala, Durga Khote, Om Prakash, Jeevan, David Abraham Cheulkar, Leela Mishra, Kanchanamala, Praveen Paul, Ramesh Sinha,...
  
   (1956)
• New Delhi
  New Delhi (1956 film)
  New Delhi is a 1956 Hindi Black-and-white romantic comedy film written by Radhakishen with Inder Raj Anand and directed by Mohan Segal. The film starred Kishore Kumar, Vyjayanthimala in the lead with Jabeen Jalil, Nana Palsikar, Nasir Hussain, Prabhu Dayal, Dhumal, Brahm Bhardwaj, Radhakrishan,...
  
   (1956)
• Kathputli (1957)
• Yahudi (1958)
• Anari (1959)
• Kanahiya (1959)
• Hamrahi ( 1963)
• Ujala (1959)
• Main Nashe Me Hoon (1959)
• Dil Apna Aur Preet Parayee (1960)
• Jis Desh me Ganga Behti Hai (1960)

• Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja (1961)
• Jab Pyar Kisise Hota Hai (1961)
• Junglee (1961)
• Sasuraal (1961)
• Aashiq (1962)
• Asli Naqli (1962)
• Dil Tera Diwana (1962)
• Hariyali Aur Rasta
  Hariyali Aur Rasta
  Hariyali Aur Rasta is 1962 Hindi film produced and directed by Vijay Bhatt. It had with Manoj Kumar and Mala Sinha as leads...
  
   (1962)
• Professor (1962)
• Rangoli (1962)
• Dil Ek Mandir (1963)
• Aai Milan Ki Bela (1964)
• April Fool (1964)
• Rajkumar (1964)
• Sangam
  Sangam (film)
  Sangam is a 1964 Hindi movie produced by R. K. Films and directed by Raj Kapoor. Music for the film was composed by Shankar-Jaikishan, with song lyrics by Shailendra and Hasrat Jaipuri. Sangam was producer Raj Kapoor's first color film, distinguished by its technicolor and epic length...
  
   (1964)
• Zindagi
  Zindagi (1964 film)
  Zindagi is a Hindi movie produced by SS Vasan, Gemini Pictures and directed by Ramanand Sagar. The film stars Rajendra Kumar, Vyjayanthimala, Raaj Kumar, Prithviraj Kapoor, Mehmood, Jayant,Jeevan, Leela Chitnis and Helen. The film's music is by Shankar Jaikishan-Plot:Beena works as a stage...
  
   (1964)
• Aarzoo
  Aarzoo
  Aarzoo is a Bollywood film released in 1999. The movie directed by Lawrence D'Souza stars Akshay Kumar, Madhuri Dixit, Saif Ali Khan, Amrish Puri, Paresh Rawal and Reema Lagoo. The film was primarily filmed in Mumbai but some scenes were filmed in London and Edinburgh.-Plot:Dayashankar is a...
  
   (1965)
• Gumnaam (1965)
• Jaanwar (1965)
• Amrapali
  Amrapali (film)
  Amrapali is a 1966 historical Hindi film, directed by Lekh Tandon, starring Vyjayanthimala and Sunil Dutt as leads.It was based on the life of Amrapali , the nagarvadhu of Vaishali, the capital of the Licchavi republic in ancient India around 500 BC and Ajatashatru, the king of the Magadha empire,...
  
   (1966)
• Love In Tokyo (1966)
• Suraj
  Suraj
  Suraj is a 1966 swashbuckler Ruritanian romance Hindi film produced by S. Krishnamurthy and directed by T. Prakash Rao. The film stars Vyjayanthimala and Rajendra Kumar in the lead with Ajit, Mumtaz, Johnny Walker, Johnny Walker, Bharathi Vishnuvardhan, Lalita Pawar and Neetu Singh forms an...
  
   (1966)
• Teesri Kasam (1966)
• Gunahon Ka Devta (1967)
• An Everning In Paris (1967)
• Around The World (1967)
• Raat Aur Din (1967)
• Brahmchari (1968)
• Jhuk Gaya Aasman (1968)
• Kanyadaan (1968)
• Duniya
  Duniya (1968 film)
  Duniya is a 1968 Hindi romantic thriller film written by K. A. Narayan and directed by T. Prakash Rao. The film starred Dev Anand, Vyjayanthimala in the lead with Balraj Sahni, Johnny Walker, Lalita Pawar, Prem Chopra, Sulochana Latkar, Madan Puri, Nana Palsikar, Achala Sachdev, Laxmi Chhaya,...
  
   (1968)
• Mere Huzoor (1968)
• Prince (1969)
• Pyar Hi Pyar
  Pyar Hi Pyar
  Pyar Hi Pyar is a 1969 Hindi film produced by Rajaram and Satish Wagle, the film is directed by Bhappi Sonie. The film stars Dharmendra, Vyjayanthimala, Pran, Helen, Madan Puri and Mehmood.-Plot:...
  
   (1969)
• Yakeen (1969)
• Bombay Talkie
  Bombay Talkie
  Bombay Talkie is a film by Merchant Ivory Productions, with a screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala and James Ivory. Bombay Talkies was a film studio that made films in the early part of the Hindi film industry.-Plot:...
  
   (1970)
• Mera Naam Jokar (1970)
• Pagla Kahin Ka (1970)
• Pehchaan (1970)

• Andaaz (1971)
• Jaane Anjaane (1971)
• Kal Aaj Aur Kal (1971)
• Laal Patthar (1971)
• Main Sundar Hoon (1971)
• Parde Ke Peechey
  Parde Ke Peechey
  Parde Ke Peechey is a 1971 Bollywood drama film. The film stars.Yogeeta Bali and Bindu .-Cast:*Yogeeta Bali ... Tara*Bindu ... Suchitra*Jagdeep ... Gautam*Padma Khanna*Vinod Mehra ... Rajan*Pran ... Balwant...
  
   (1971)
• Be-Imaan (1972)
• Jangal Mein Mangal
  Jangal Mein Mangal
  Jangal Mein Mangal is a 1972 Bollywood romance film directed by Rajendra Bhatia. The film stars Kiran Kumar and Reena Roy .-Cast:*Kiran Kumar ... Rajesh*Reena Roy ... Leela*Sonia Sahni ... Professor Laxmi*Pran ... Retd. Col. M.K. Das / Raghu...
  
  (1972)
• Aankhon Aankhon Mein (1972)
• Naina (1973)
• Aaj Ki Taaza Khabar (1973)
• Resham Ki Dori (1974)
• Resham Ki Dori (1974)
• Vachan (1974)
• International Crook (1974)
• Saazish (1975)
• Sanyaasi (1975)

External links

• Page of SJ in www.downmeldoylane.com
• Shankar's IMDB entry
• Jaikishan's IMDB entry
• Tribute to SJ
• Lyrics of Hindi Movie Songs composed by Shankar Jaikishan (in Hindi)
• Complete list of hindi movies with music by Shankar Jaikishan
• Hindi songs composed by Shankar Jaikishan
• Statue of Jaikishen unveiled at his native place Bansda in South Gujarat
• Shankar Jaikishen Yahoo Discussion Group
• Shankar Jaikishan Biography, music database and blog