Samuel Francis
Encyclopedia
Samuel Todd Francis, known as Sam Francis (April 29, 1947 – February 15, 2005), was an iconoclastic anti-capitalist
paleoconservative
columnist
, nationally syndicated in America, known for his controversial views on immigration
, multiculturalism
, miscegenation
, and his involvement in debates concerning other controversial issues of the day. His supporters characterized him as a conservative and a realist, while to his critics he was a reactionary
and a racist
. Francis was also a leading political theorist of paleoconservatism; among his better-known stances was his claim that the Iraq War was illegitimate.
(Bachelor of Arts
, 1969) and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
(UNC), from which he received a Ph.D.
in modern history in 1979. At UNC, he was part of a campus clique that Walker Percy
called "the Chapel Hill conspiracy", which also included Thomas Fleming and Clyde N. Wilson
. The group was fascinated by antebellum culture and the Southern Agrarians
.
From 1977 to 1981, he was a policy analyst at the Heritage Foundation
in Washington, D.C.
, specializing in foreign affairs, terrorism, and intelligence and internal security issues. From 1981 to 1986, he was legislative assistant for national security affairs to Senator John P. East (R
-N.C.) and worked closely with the Senate Judiciary Committee
's Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism, of which Senator East was a member.
Francis's political work in the late 1970s and the 1980s focused on international and domestic terrorism. He published several policy studies, including 1978's Palestinian Terrorism: The International Connection and 1981's The Soviet Strategy of Terror. In 1986, he published a monograph called Illegal Immigration—a Threat to US Security. As the Cold War
subsided, his agenda changed to other topics (see "core beliefs" below).
in 1986 as an editorial writer. He served as deputy editorial page editor from 1987 to 1991, as acting editorial page editor from February to May, 1991, and as a staff columnist through September, 1995. Francis received the Distinguished Writing Award for Editorial Writing of the American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE) in both 1989 and 1990. He was a finalist for the National Journalism Award (Walker Stone Prize) for Editorial Writing of the Scripps Howard Foundation in 1989 and 1990. His twice-weekly column was nationally syndicated through Creators Syndicate
.
Editor in Chief Wesley Pruden
fired Francis in September 1995, after conservative journalist Dinesh D'Souza
described his appearance at the 1994 American Renaissance
conference:
Francis said soon after the firing:
Pruden had cut back on Francis's column after the Times ran his June 27, 1995 essay criticizing the Southern Baptist Convention
for passing a resolution repudiating slavery. In it, Francis quoted Oswald Spengler
that "Christian theology is the grandmother of Bolshevism." He argued that if the Baptists "dismiss the New Testament passages about slaves obeying their masters as irrelevant," then they might as well join the Bolsheviks. He concluded:
According to Eric Peters, an editorial writer for the Times at the time:
, owned by Richard Mellon Scaife
, was the only mainstream paper carrying his column but they dropped it in 2004 after Francis wrote a column complaining about implicit miscegenation
in a skit about Desperate Housewives
aired during ABC
's Monday Night Football
. Francis vigorously denounced the advertisement, which featured sexual innuendo between a black football player
and a white actress
, arguing that "The point was not just to hurl a pie in the face of morals and good taste but also of white racial and cultural identity." The advertisement, argued Francis, implicitly argued that "interracial sex is normal and legitimate," an idea that Francis saw as "fairly radical." Francis went on to argue that "breaking down the sexual barriers between the races is a major weapon of cultural destruction."
Francis had also argued that Barack Obama
's campaign for the U.S. Senate
would lead toward the moment when America ceases to be "characterized by the white racial identity of its founders and historic population". The Anti-Defamation League
branded Francis an advocate of well-mannered white supremacy
, but Francis's defenders maintained that he was being persecuted for his politically incorrect views.
Before his death, Francis wrote the Council of Conservative Citizens
' platform, the "Statement of Principles. It refers to America as a "Christian country" with a "Christian heritage"—and calls for states' rights
, "America First" policies, and "protection of the environment and natural heritage." It states that "the American people and government should remain European in their composition and character." It attacks immigration from "non-European and non-Western peoples," because it "threatens to transform our nation into a non-European majority in our lifetime." It also says that:
, a white nationalist
and self-described "pro-Western
" journal edited by Kevin Lamb
and sponsored by William Regnery II
.
He also served as a contributor and editor of the Intercollegiate Studies Institute
's quarterly, Modern Age. After his dismissal from The Washington Times and the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, Francis continued to write a syndicated column for VDARE.com
and Chronicles
magazine, and spoke at meetings of American Renaissance and the Council of Conservative Citizens. He attended the American Friends of the British National Party
's meeting on April 22, 2000, where he heard and met Nick Griffin
. His articles also appeared in Middle American News
. Francis's last published work was an article penned for the 2005 IHS Press
anti-war anthology, Neo-Conned!.
Francis respected the role tradition plays in civil society. "The power of tradition and its allies," he remarked, "lies not in their ability to justify themselves through logic but in their capacity to mobilize those who remain attached to tradition; in a declining civilization, or one challenged by the enemies of tradition, that capacity will dwindle as the power of the challenger grows."
Samuel Francis uses similar ideas to argue that society should regulate sexual behavior. He specifically supported laws against sodomy
and gays in the military:
to "forget about the social issues” that divide left- and right-wing anti-globalization activists.http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=20020722&s=foer072202 He also complained that the "Religious Right
" focuses on certain social issues and neglects other civilizational crises. He also said that the Cold War conservative movement, represented by National Review
, was "archaic." Francis regarded himself as a Southern Presbyterian, "long after he had lost a specifically Christian faith."
While Francis was influenced by his Southern roots and supported "authentic federalism," he stopped short at supporting a contemporary return to Southern secessionism, characterizing it as an "infantile fantasy" and saying it is impractical and that the main political line of division in the United States is not between the regions of North and South (insofar as such regions can still be said to exist) but between elite and non-elite. He said that Middle Americans in both regions face the same threats.
For example, Francis argued that Star Trek
represents "global democratic capitalism gone galactic." It shows what the "cultural elite" would do if it could turn much of the universe into a totalitarian "Federation." He said the show's plots are "transparent allegorical representations of whatever social crisis preoccupies the real cultural elite," such as "racism," "sexism," and "the obsolete customs and sometimes obnoxious beliefs and habits of 20th century man." He argued that the decades-long popularity of the franchise shows the power of this myth.
He also said that:
Francis also called for "white racial consciousness," equating it with Eurocentrism
, the "supremacy of white European culture." He distanced this view from white separatism or the white supremacy "obtained under slavery or segregation." He said "there is no reason why nonwhites who reside in the United States could not enjoy equality of legal rights." He also denied that he proposed "political domination of one race by another or military or coercive 'conquest' in any literal sense." Still, he argued:
Specifically, he called for:
Elaborating further, he wrote that:
Justin Raimondo
, a paleolibertarian
, said that Francis's views on race "are most definitely not shared by Pat Buchanan, Chronicles magazine, or, indeed, any of the paleos I know." Francis himself said that paleocons could even believe that race is a social construct, "but they should be able to agree, at a minimum, that if the historic character of the American nation is to survive, the exploitation of race as a political weapon by the ruling class must end."
's theory of the "managerial revolution" and wrote two books about James Burnham. In part based on Burnham's idea of the "managerial revolution" he developed a theory for a new populist
movement based on the idea of "Middle American Radicals". This idea is expressed in a collection of essays entitled Revolution from the Middle.
Francis, who said this theory inspired George Orwell
's Nineteen Eighty-Four
, explained it thus:
Francis, unlike some other paleocons, argued that the existence of managers alone is harmless. Rather, the multiculturalist ideology they adopted drives it toward tyranny. He said that "white, Christian, male-oriented, bourgeois values and institutions" are the principal restraints of managerial power, which this class seeks to undermine. He explained:
Francis also said, however, that ideology helps the managerial elite increase its grip on society:
Francis argued that this system oversees "the managed destruction of such relationships of civil society as property, patterns of association, education, and employment." He elaborated:
In addition, Samuel Francis argued that since the center-right and center-left refuse to deal with major civilizational issues, they reduce domestic political debates to narrow economic issues. This preoccupation views human beings as "resources" and treats them like inanimate objects. Using a phrase from Peter Drucker
, he says this "reflects the myth of Economic Man—that human beings are mainly or entirely economic in their motivations and that therefore the business of America is business, even if it takes the federal leviathan to conduct it or regulate it."
In one of his last essays, he explained the concept:
Francis argues that this situation extends across the U.S. and Europe. While the government functions normally, violent crime remains a constant, creating a climate of fear (anarchy). He says that "laws that are supposed to protect ordinary citizens against ordinary criminals" routinely go unenforced, even though the state is "perfectly capable" of doing so. While this problem rages on, government elites concentrate their interests on law-abiding citizens. In fact, Middle America winds up on the receiving end of both anarchy and tyranny.
Francis argued that anarcho-tyranny is built into the managerial system and cannot be solved simply by fighting corruption or voting out incumbents. In fact, he says that the system generates a false "conservatism" that encourages people to act passively in the face of perpetual revolution. He concludes that only by devolving power back toward law-abiding citizens can sanity be restored.
Francis argued that this new coalition would support the "values and goals" of this "increasingly alienated and threatened strata." It should then assert leadership and rally Middle America "in radical opposition to the regime." He described elements of "Middle American revolution" in Pat Buchanan
's ill-fated 1992 presidential campaign
:
After Buchanan's slim showing in the 2000 election, Francis remarked that success was still a "long way
off." In one of his last essays, he wrote, "The problem today is not to conserve [the status quo], let alone to persuade Americans that it ought to be conserved. The problem today is how to persuade Americans that it ought to be—and can be—changed."
Francis' last column was critical of what he viewed as the liberalism and globalism themes inherent in the second inaugural address of President George W. Bush
, delivered on January 20, 2005.
George W. Bush
, wrote Francis, "confirmed once and for all that the neo-conservatism to which he has delivered his administration and the country is fundamentally indistinguishable from the liberalism many conservatives imagine he has renounced and defeated."
, Maryland
, after unsuccessful surgery to repair an aneurysm
in his aorta
. A District of Columbia-area resident for twenty-eight years, he lived in Seabrook
, Maryland. He had also previously resided in Alexandria
, Virginia, and Lanham
, Maryland.
Graveside services for Francis were held on February 25, 2005, at the Forest Hills Cemetery in his native Chattanooga
, Tennessee
. In addition to a sister, Julia Ford Francis Irwin, he was survived by a nephew, Michael Joseph Irwin, Jr., and two great-nephews, Michael Joseph Irwin, III, and John Addison Irwin, all of Chattanooga.
Several collections of Dr. Francis's essays and columns have been published, including:
Anti-capitalism
Anti-capitalism describes a wide variety of movements, ideas, and attitudes which oppose capitalism. Anti-capitalists, in the strict sense of the word, are those who wish to completely replace capitalism with another system....
paleoconservative
Paleoconservatism
Paleoconservatism is a term for a conservative political philosophy found primarily in the United States stressing tradition, limited government, civil society, anti-colonialism, anti-corporatism and anti-federalism, along with religious, regional, national and Western identity. Chilton...
columnist
Columnist
A columnist is a journalist who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs....
, nationally syndicated in America, known for his controversial views on immigration
Immigration to the United States
Immigration to the United States has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of the history of the United States. The economic, social, and political aspects of immigration have caused controversy regarding ethnicity, economic benefits, jobs for non-immigrants,...
, multiculturalism
Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism is the appreciation, acceptance or promotion of multiple cultures, applied to the demographic make-up of a specific place, usually at the organizational level, e.g...
, miscegenation
Miscegenation
Miscegenation is the mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations, and procreation....
, and his involvement in debates concerning other controversial issues of the day. His supporters characterized him as a conservative and a realist, while to his critics he was a reactionary
Reactionary
The term reactionary refers to viewpoints that seek to return to a previous state in a society. The term is meant to describe one end of a political spectrum whose opposite pole is "radical". While it has not been generally considered a term of praise it has been adopted as a self-description by...
and a racist
Racism
Racism is the belief that inherent different traits in human racial groups justify discrimination. In the modern English language, the term "racism" is used predominantly as a pejorative epithet. It is applied especially to the practice or advocacy of racial discrimination of a pernicious nature...
. Francis was also a leading political theorist of paleoconservatism; among his better-known stances was his claim that the Iraq War was illegitimate.
Early work
Francis was educated at the Johns Hopkins UniversityJohns Hopkins University
The Johns Hopkins University, commonly referred to as Johns Hopkins, JHU, or simply Hopkins, is a private research university based in Baltimore, Maryland, United States...
(Bachelor of Arts
Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts , from the Latin artium baccalaureus, is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both...
, 1969) and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States...
(UNC), from which he received a Ph.D.
Ph.D.
A Ph.D. is a Doctor of Philosophy, an academic degree.Ph.D. may also refer to:* Ph.D. , a 1980s British group*Piled Higher and Deeper, a web comic strip*PhD: Phantasy Degree, a Korean comic series* PhD Docbook renderer, an XML renderer...
in modern history in 1979. At UNC, he was part of a campus clique that Walker Percy
Walker Percy
Walker Percy was an American Southern author whose interests included philosophy and semiotics. Percy is best known for his philosophical novels set in and around New Orleans, Louisiana, the first of which, The Moviegoer, won the National Book Award for Fiction in 1962...
called "the Chapel Hill conspiracy", which also included Thomas Fleming and Clyde N. Wilson
Clyde N. Wilson
Clyde N. Wilson is a professor of history at the University of South Carolina, U.S., a paleoconservative political commentator, a long-time contributing editor for Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture and Southern Partisan magazine, and an occasional contributor to National Review...
. The group was fascinated by antebellum culture and the Southern Agrarians
Southern Agrarians
The Southern Agrarians were a group of twelve American writers, poets, essayists, and novelists, all with roots in the Southern United States, who joined together to write a pro-Southern agrarian manifesto, a...
.
From 1977 to 1981, he was a policy analyst at the Heritage Foundation
Heritage Foundation
The Heritage Foundation is a conservative American think tank based in Washington, D.C. Heritage's stated mission is to "formulate and promote conservative public policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong...
in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
, specializing in foreign affairs, terrorism, and intelligence and internal security issues. From 1981 to 1986, he was legislative assistant for national security affairs to Senator John P. East (R
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...
-N.C.) and worked closely with the Senate Judiciary Committee
United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary
The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary is a standing committee of the United States Senate, of the United States Congress. The Judiciary Committee, with 18 members, is charged with conducting hearings prior to the Senate votes on confirmation of federal judges nominated by the...
's Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism, of which Senator East was a member.
Francis's political work in the late 1970s and the 1980s focused on international and domestic terrorism. He published several policy studies, including 1978's Palestinian Terrorism: The International Connection and 1981's The Soviet Strategy of Terror. In 1986, he published a monograph called Illegal Immigration—a Threat to US Security. As the Cold War
Cold War
The Cold War was the continuing state from roughly 1946 to 1991 of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition between the Communist World—primarily the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies—and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States...
subsided, his agenda changed to other topics (see "core beliefs" below).
The Washington Times
Francis joined the editorial staff of The Washington TimesThe Washington Times
The Washington Times is a daily broadsheet newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. It was founded in 1982 by Unification Church founder Sun Myung Moon, and until 2010 was owned by News World Communications, an international media conglomerate associated with the...
in 1986 as an editorial writer. He served as deputy editorial page editor from 1987 to 1991, as acting editorial page editor from February to May, 1991, and as a staff columnist through September, 1995. Francis received the Distinguished Writing Award for Editorial Writing of the American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE) in both 1989 and 1990. He was a finalist for the National Journalism Award (Walker Stone Prize) for Editorial Writing of the Scripps Howard Foundation in 1989 and 1990. His twice-weekly column was nationally syndicated through Creators Syndicate
Creators Syndicate
Creators Syndicate is an independent distributor of comic strips and syndicated columns for daily newspapers. It was founded in 1987 by Richard S. Newcombe, and is based in Los Angeles. Creators was one of the first syndicates to allow its clients to maintain creative control of their material...
.
Editor in Chief Wesley Pruden
Wesley Pruden
Wesley Pruden is an American journalist and author. He was the editor-in-chief of The Washington Times from 1992 until his retirement in 2008.- Education and career :...
fired Francis in September 1995, after conservative journalist Dinesh D'Souza
Dinesh D'Souza
Dinesh D'Souza is an author and public speaker and a former Robert and Karen Rishwain Research Fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. He is currently the President of The King's College in New York City. D'Souza is a noted Christian apologist and conservative writer and speaker....
described his appearance at the 1994 American Renaissance
American Renaissance
In the history of American architecture and the arts, the American Renaissance was the period in 1835-1880 characterized by renewed national self-confidence and a feeling that the United States was the heir to Greek democracy, Roman law, and Renaissance humanism...
conference:
A lively controversialist, Francis began with some largely valid complaints about how the Southern heritage is demonized in mainstream culture. He went on, however, to attack the liberal principles of humanism and universalism for facilitating "the war against the white race." At one point he described country music megastar Garth BrooksGarth BrooksTroyal Garth Brooks , best known as Garth Brooks, is an American country music artist who helped make country music a worldwide phenomenon. His eponymous first album was released in 1989 and peaked at number 2 in the US country album chart while climbing to number 13 on the Billboard 200 album chart...
as "repulsive" because "he has that stupid universalist song, in which we all intermarry." His fellow whites, he insisted, must "reassert our identity and our solidarity, and we must do so in explicitly racial terms through the articulation of a racial consciousness as whites... The civilization that we as whites created in Europe and America could not have developed apart from the genetic endowments of the creating people, nor is there any reason to believe that the civilization can be successfully transmitted to a different people."
Francis said soon after the firing:
I understand what I said was controversial. I believe there are racial differences, there are natural differences between the races. I don't believe that one race is better than another. There's reasonably solid evidence for IQ differences, personality and behavior differences. I understand those things have been taken to justify segregation and white supremacy. That is not my intent.
Pruden had cut back on Francis's column after the Times ran his June 27, 1995 essay criticizing the Southern Baptist Convention
Southern Baptist Convention
The Southern Baptist Convention is a United States-based Christian denomination. It is the world's largest Baptist denomination and the largest Protestant body in the United States, with over 16 million members...
for passing a resolution repudiating slavery. In it, Francis quoted Oswald Spengler
Oswald Spengler
Oswald Manuel Arnold Gottfried Spengler was a German historian and philosopher whose interests also included mathematics, science, and art. He is best known for his book The Decline of the West , published in 1918, which puts forth a cyclical theory of the rise and decline of civilizations...
that "Christian theology is the grandmother of Bolshevism." He argued that if the Baptists "dismiss the New Testament passages about slaves obeying their masters as irrelevant," then they might as well join the Bolsheviks. He concluded:
The contrition of the Southern Baptists for slavery and racism is a bit more than a politically fashionable gesture intended to massage race relations. It's a radical split from their own church traditions as well as from their determination to let the modern world go to hell by itself. Now that they've decided to join the parade toward that destination, we can expect them to adopt some even more modern resolutions that will pave the road for them.
According to Eric Peters, an editorial writer for the Times at the time:
Someone—maybe [editorial page editor Tod] LindbergTod LindbergTod Lindberg is an American political expert and a research fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution.Hoover Institution - Lindberg Bio His research focuses on political theory, international relations, national security policy, and American politics. He also serves as the editor of...
, perhaps someone higher up—was without doubt gunning for Sam, who circa '92-'93 was still both an editorial writer and a staff columnist. You could feel it in the air. People upstairs were waiting for their moment. It came when Sam wrote his infamous (to detractors) column on slavery. It was seized upon as the first of several pretexts to shove him out the door. First, Sam lost his staff columnist title—and soon thereafter, everything else.
In typical Beltway Conservative fashion, the WT management fell all over itself to placate the outrage of critics who are the mortal enemies of real conservatism by throwing Sam to the wolves—for daring to speak his piece and (worse) for daring to espouse authentic conservative views, which it was clear were becoming heretical.
Of course, they didn't put it that way. What they did say was that same was "insensitive" and (no surprise) "racist".
Ideas
For many years the Pittsburgh Tribune-ReviewPittsburgh Tribune-Review
The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, also known as "the Trib," is the second largest daily newspaper serving metropolitan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the United States...
, owned by Richard Mellon Scaife
Richard Mellon Scaife
Richard Mellon Scaife is an American newspaper publisher and billionaire. Scaife owns and publishes the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. With $1.2 billion, Scaife, a principal heir to the Mellon banking, oil, and aluminum fortune, is No...
, was the only mainstream paper carrying his column but they dropped it in 2004 after Francis wrote a column complaining about implicit miscegenation
Miscegenation
Miscegenation is the mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations, and procreation....
in a skit about Desperate Housewives
Desperate Housewives
Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama series created by Marc Cherry and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions. Executive producer Cherry serves as Showrunner. Other executive producers since the fourth season include Marc Cherry, Bob Daily, George W...
aired during ABC
American Broadcasting Company
The American Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcasting television network. Created in 1943 from the former NBC Blue radio network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company and is part of Disney-ABC Television Group. Its first broadcast on television was in 1948...
's Monday Night Football
Monday Night Football
Monday Night Football is a live broadcast of the National Football League on ESPN. From to it aired on ABC. Monday Night Football was, along with Hallmark Hall of Fame, and the Walt Disney anthology television series, one of the longest running prime time commercial network television series...
. Francis vigorously denounced the advertisement, which featured sexual innuendo between a black football player
Terrell Owens
Terrell Owens is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. A six-time Pro Bowl selection, Owens has been one of the dominant receivers of his era...
and a white actress
Nicollette Sheridan
Nicollette Sheridan is an English film and television actress. She is best known for her roles as Edie Britt on Desperate Housewives and as Paige Matheson on Knots Landing.-Early life:...
, arguing that "The point was not just to hurl a pie in the face of morals and good taste but also of white racial and cultural identity." The advertisement, argued Francis, implicitly argued that "interracial sex is normal and legitimate," an idea that Francis saw as "fairly radical." Francis went on to argue that "breaking down the sexual barriers between the races is a major weapon of cultural destruction."
Francis had also argued that Barack Obama
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. Obama previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois, from January 2005 until he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.Born in...
's campaign for the U.S. Senate
United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States, and together with the United States House of Representatives comprises the United States Congress. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution. Each...
would lead toward the moment when America ceases to be "characterized by the white racial identity of its founders and historic population". The Anti-Defamation League
Anti-Defamation League
The Anti-Defamation League is an international non-governmental organization based in the United States. Describing itself as "the nation's premier civil rights/human relations agency", the ADL states that it "fights anti-Semitism and all forms of bigotry, defends democratic ideals and protects...
branded Francis an advocate of well-mannered white supremacy
White supremacy
White supremacy is the belief, and promotion of the belief, that white people are superior to people of other racial backgrounds. The term is sometimes used specifically to describe a political ideology that advocates the social and political dominance by whites.White supremacy, as with racial...
, but Francis's defenders maintained that he was being persecuted for his politically incorrect views.
Before his death, Francis wrote the Council of Conservative Citizens
Council of Conservative Citizens
The Council of Conservative Citizens is an American political organization that supports a large variety of conservative and paleoconservative causes in addition to white nationalism, and white separatism...
' platform, the "Statement of Principles. It refers to America as a "Christian country" with a "Christian heritage"—and calls for states' rights
States' rights
States' rights in U.S. politics refers to political powers reserved for the U.S. state governments rather than the federal government. It is often considered a loaded term because of its use in opposition to federally mandated racial desegregation...
, "America First" policies, and "protection of the environment and natural heritage." It states that "the American people and government should remain European in their composition and character." It attacks immigration from "non-European and non-Western peoples," because it "threatens to transform our nation into a non-European majority in our lifetime." It also says that:
We also oppose all efforts to mix the races of mankind, to promote non-white races over the European-American people through so-called "affirmative action" and similar measures, to destroy or denigrate the European-American heritage, including the heritage of the Southern people, and to force the integration of the races.
Work
Francis was editor of the Citizens Informer quarterly newsletter (published by the Council of Conservative Citizens) and an editor of The Occidental QuarterlyOccidental Quarterly
The Occidental Quarterly is a journal "devoted to the ethnic,racial, and cultural heritage that forms the foundation of Western Civilization"...
, a white nationalist
White nationalism
White nationalism is a political ideology which advocates a racial definition of national identity for white people. White separatism and white supremacism are subgroups within white nationalism. The former seek a separate white nation state, while the latter add ideas from social Darwinism and...
and self-described "pro-Western
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West and the Occident , is a term referring to the countries of Western Europe , the countries of the Americas, as well all countries of Northern and Central Europe, Australia and New Zealand...
" journal edited by Kevin Lamb
Kevin Lamb
Kevin Toan Lam is an American journalist and writer. He is the currently the managing editor of The Social Contract journal and communications director of the National Policy Institute....
and sponsored by William Regnery II
William Regnery II
William Regnery II founded the Charles Martel Society in 1991, which publishes a quarterly journal called The Occidental Quarterly. He is described by the Southern Poverty Law Center as "a prime mover and shaker in white nationalism" and "famously reclusive". In 2004 the Occidental Quarterly gave...
.
He also served as a contributor and editor of the Intercollegiate Studies Institute
Intercollegiate Studies Institute
The Intercollegiate Studies Institute, Inc., or ', is a non-profit educational organization founded in 1953 as the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists...
's quarterly, Modern Age. After his dismissal from The Washington Times and the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, Francis continued to write a syndicated column for VDARE.com
VDARE
VDARE.com, or VDARE, is a website that advocates reduced immigration, especially illegal immigration, into the United States. Former Forbes editor Peter Brimelow supports the site through his VDARE Foundation, also known as Lexington Research Institute Limited...
and Chronicles
Chronicles (magazine)
Chronicles is a U.S. monthly magazine published by the Rockford Institute. Its full current name is Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture. The magazine is known for promoting anti-globalism, anti-intervention and anti-immigration stances within conservative politics, and is considered one of...
magazine, and spoke at meetings of American Renaissance and the Council of Conservative Citizens. He attended the American Friends of the British National Party
American Friends of the British National Party
American Friends of the British National Party was a political activist group founded by British far right expatriate Mark Cotterill in January 1999 that facilitated financial assistance for the British National Party from American supporters...
's meeting on April 22, 2000, where he heard and met Nick Griffin
Nick Griffin
Nicholas John "Nick" Griffin is a British politician, chairman of the British National Party and Member of the European Parliament for North West England....
. His articles also appeared in Middle American News
Middle American News
Middle American News is a monthly paleoconservative newspaper published by the Middle American Institute in Raleigh, North Carolina, known for its anti-globalist stances and criticism of mass immigration....
. Francis's last published work was an article penned for the 2005 IHS Press
IHS Press
IHS Press is a publishing house based in Virginia whose mission is to promote the social teaching of the Catholic Church. The name "IHS" is a truncation of the first three letters of the Greek name of Jesus Christ. IHS Press has been particularly concerned with the promotion of the social teaching...
anti-war anthology, Neo-Conned!.
Appreciation
Francis defined authentic conservatism as "the survival and enhancement of a particular people and its institutionalized cultural expressions." He de-emphasized the "conservative" part of the "paleoconservative" label, saying that he did not want the status quo preserved. He said of the paleo movement:What paleoconservatism tries to tell Americans is that the dominant forces in their society are no longer committed to conserving the traditions, institutions, and values that created and formed it, and, therefore, that those who are really conservative in any serious sense and wish to live under those traditions, institutions, and values need to oppose the dominant forces and form new ones.
Francis respected the role tradition plays in civil society. "The power of tradition and its allies," he remarked, "lies not in their ability to justify themselves through logic but in their capacity to mobilize those who remain attached to tradition; in a declining civilization, or one challenged by the enemies of tradition, that capacity will dwindle as the power of the challenger grows."
Samuel Francis uses similar ideas to argue that society should regulate sexual behavior. He specifically supported laws against sodomy
Sodomy
Sodomy is an anal or other copulation-like act, especially between male persons or between a man and animal, and one who practices sodomy is a "sodomite"...
and gays in the military:
The lesson of 4,000 years of social history is that sexual behavior, consensual or not, has consequences for others, that it often affects (and hurts) others in ways society needs to control, and that unregulated sex renders social bonds, especially in the family but also beyond it, impossible. We can regulate it through law or through socially enforced moral custom or both, but we have to do it somehow. History knows of no human society that has not regulated sexual behavior and forbidden some kinds of it, nor is there any reason known to social science to suppose that a society that fails to do so is possible. A "society" that makes no distinction between sex within marriage and sex outside it, that does not distinguish morally and socially between continence and debauchery, normality and perversion, love and lust, is not really a society but merely the chaos of a perpetual orgy. It is an invitation to just such an orgy that the proponents of normalized and unrestricted homosexuality invite America.
Criticism
On the other hand, Samuel Francis suggested to The American ConservativeThe American Conservative
The American Conservative is a monthly U.S. opinion magazine published by Ron Unz. Its first editor was Scott McConnell, his successors being Kara Hopkins and the present incumbent, Daniel McCarthy....
to "forget about the social issues” that divide left- and right-wing anti-globalization activists.http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=20020722&s=foer072202 He also complained that the "Religious Right
Christian right
Christian right is a term used predominantly in the United States to describe "right-wing" Christian political groups that are characterized by their strong support of socially conservative policies...
" focuses on certain social issues and neglects other civilizational crises. He also said that the Cold War conservative movement, represented by National Review
National Review
National Review is a biweekly magazine founded by the late author William F. Buckley, Jr., in 1955 and based in New York City. It describes itself as "America's most widely read and influential magazine and web site for conservative news, commentary, and opinion."Although the print version of the...
, was "archaic." Francis regarded himself as a Southern Presbyterian, "long after he had lost a specifically Christian faith."
While Francis was influenced by his Southern roots and supported "authentic federalism," he stopped short at supporting a contemporary return to Southern secessionism, characterizing it as an "infantile fantasy" and saying it is impractical and that the main political line of division in the United States is not between the regions of North and South (insofar as such regions can still be said to exist) but between elite and non-elite. He said that Middle Americans in both regions face the same threats.
Pop culture
Francis also complained about corrosive elements in popular culture. He complained that corporate "garbage," protected by bureaucratic market controls, kicked traditional and regional music, poetry, and art out of the mainstream. For example, chain bookstores "offer exactly the same stock in every city in the country, almost none of which would have complied with the conventional and moderate obscenity laws of the 1950s." He said that pop culture, beyond being crude and mass-produced, promotes a multicultural, managerial ideology. He wrote that:The expression "popular culture" originally meant those elements of culture produced by the people. Today it means nothing of the sort, but rather culture produced for the people by elites, and the elites, whether "publicly" or "privately" endowed, are invariably entwined with bureaucratic organizations... Outside the universities, what passes as popular culture manifests itself in television, films, journalism, publishing, music, museums, galleries, and amusement parks, all of which are bureaucratic and professionalized in form, most of which are almost always directly or indirectly dependent on the state, and all of which claim to provide for the people a culture that is so superior to what the people can produce for themselves that no one needs to worry about producing their own.
For example, Francis argued that Star Trek
Star Trek
Star Trek is an American science fiction entertainment franchise created by Gene Roddenberry. The core of Star Trek is its six television series: The Original Series, The Animated Series, The Next Generation, Deep Space Nine, Voyager, and Enterprise...
represents "global democratic capitalism gone galactic." It shows what the "cultural elite" would do if it could turn much of the universe into a totalitarian "Federation." He said the show's plots are "transparent allegorical representations of whatever social crisis preoccupies the real cultural elite," such as "racism," "sexism," and "the obsolete customs and sometimes obnoxious beliefs and habits of 20th century man." He argued that the decades-long popularity of the franchise shows the power of this myth.
Global capitalism
Francis argued that big business should serve the interests of Middle America. "What Middle Americans need," he said, "is a political formula and a public myth that synthesizes the attention to material-economic interests offered by the left and the defense of concrete and national identity offered by the right." He also said that the American Right "lost Middle Americans when it rehearsed its old bourgeois economic formulas." He argued that defense of capitalism is not a conservative issue:Conservatives—real conservatives, at least, not classical liberals or neoconservatives—should not be surprised. Capitalism, an economic system driven only, according to its own theory, by the accumulation of profit, is at least as much the enemy of tradition as the NAACP or communism, and those on the "right" who make a fetish of capitalism generally understand this and applaud it. The hostility of capitalism toward tradition is clear enough in its reduction of all social issues to economic ones. Moreover, like communism, capitalism is based on an essential egalitarianism that refuses to distinguish between one consumer's dollar and another. The reductionism and egalitarianism inherent in capitalism explains its destructive impact on social institutions. On the issue of immigration, capitalism is notorious for demanding cheap labor to undercut the cost of native workers. But it is not only in America that it has done so.
American identity
Francis explicitly linked American success with European demographics:It is all very well to point to black cotton-pickers and Chinese railroad workers, but the cotton fields and the railroads were there because white people wanted them and knew how to put them there. Almost all non-European contributors to American history either have been made by individuals and groups that have assimilated Euro-American ideas, values, and goals, or have been conceived, organized, and directed by white leaders.
He also said that:
Just as the Christians turned pagan temples into churches and pagan holidays into Christian holidays, multiculturalism is replacing an old culture with a new one. It is the expression of a deep-seated hatred of this culture in its religious, racial and moral expressions.
Francis also called for "white racial consciousness," equating it with Eurocentrism
Eurocentrism
Eurocentrism is the practice of viewing the world from a European perspective and with an implied belief, either consciously or subconsciously, in the preeminence of European culture...
, the "supremacy of white European culture." He distanced this view from white separatism or the white supremacy "obtained under slavery or segregation." He said "there is no reason why nonwhites who reside in the United States could not enjoy equality of legal rights." He also denied that he proposed "political domination of one race by another or military or coercive 'conquest' in any literal sense." Still, he argued:
Whites would simply no longer countenance nonwhite aggression and insults or the idolization of nonwhite heroes, icons, and culture; white children would be raised in accordance with what is proper to being white, and norms openly recognized as appropriate to whites would be the legitimizing and dominant norms of American society as they were prior to the 1960s. Racial guilt and truckling would end.
Specifically, he called for:
(1) a long-term moratorium on all immigration,
(2) the withdrawal of the federal government from involvement in all racial issues, and
(3) the repeal of all federal laws and court decisions (including the civil-rights laws of the 1960s and the rulings of the Warren Court) that authorize such involvement.
Paleocons and race
Francis said that paleoconservatism itself makes no scientific conclusions about the nature of race, but gave a summary of the paleo view of race and the state:What you think the state ought to do about race has little to do with what you think about race. It has everything to do with what you think about the state. Under the properly limited federal government with which this country started out and to which it should return, the state would be unable to do very much at all about race. In the modern leviathan created by liberals, where smoking, sexual beliefs and guns are approved targets of federal meat-grinding, there's no limit to what the state might do about race or those whose IQs it doesn't approve.
Elaborating further, he wrote that:
paleoconservatives, unlike libertarians, most neoconservatives, and many contemporary mainstream conservatives, do not consider America to be an “idea,” a “proposition,” or a “creed.” It is instead a concrete and particular culture, rooted in a particular historical experience, a set of particular institutions as well as particular beliefs and values, and a particular ethnic-racial identity, and, cut off from those roots, it cannot survive. Indeed, it is not surviving now, for all the glint and glitter of empire. . . .
[N]ot a few [paleoconservatives] have been accused of simple-minded “racism,” “white supremacy,” and other ill-defined bugaboos. I, for one, like to think that what they believe about race, while definitely not in the liberal-neocon mainstream, is rather more nuanced and considerably more sophisticated than their enemies (and not a few of their friends) want to think.
Justin Raimondo
Justin Raimondo
Justin Raimondo is an American author and the editorial director of the website Antiwar.com. He describes himself as a "conservative-paleo-libertarian."-Background:...
, a paleolibertarian
Paleolibertarianism
Paleolibertarianism is a school of thought within American libertarianism associated with the late economist Murray Rothbard, and the Ludwig von Mises Institute. It is based on a combination of right-libertarianism in politics and cultural conservatism in social thought...
, said that Francis's views on race "are most definitely not shared by Pat Buchanan, Chronicles magazine, or, indeed, any of the paleos I know." Francis himself said that paleocons could even believe that race is a social construct, "but they should be able to agree, at a minimum, that if the historic character of the American nation is to survive, the exploitation of race as a political weapon by the ruling class must end."
The managerial revolution
He was greatly influenced by James BurnhamJames Burnham
James Burnham was an American popular political theorist, best known for his influential work The Managerial Revolution, published in 1941. Burnham was a radical activist in the 1930s and an important factional leader of the American Trotskyist movement. In later years he left Marxism and produced...
's theory of the "managerial revolution" and wrote two books about James Burnham. In part based on Burnham's idea of the "managerial revolution" he developed a theory for a new populist
Populism
Populism can be defined as an ideology, political philosophy, or type of discourse. Generally, a common theme compares "the people" against "the elite", and urges social and political system changes. It can also be defined as a rhetorical style employed by members of various political or social...
movement based on the idea of "Middle American Radicals". This idea is expressed in a collection of essays entitled Revolution from the Middle.
Francis, who said this theory inspired George Orwell
George Orwell
Eric Arthur Blair , better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist...
's Nineteen Eighty-Four
Nineteen Eighty-Four
Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell is a dystopian novel about Oceania, a society ruled by the oligarchical dictatorship of the Party...
, explained it thus:
Those who hold such skills are able to dominate the state, the economy, and the culture because the structures of these sectors of modern society require technical functions that only specially skilled personnel can provide. The older elites simply lack those skills and eventually lose actual control over the key institutions of modern mass society. As the new, managerial elites take over, society is reconfigured to reflect and support their interests as a ruling class—interests radically different from those of the older elites. Generally, the interests of the new managerial elites consist in maintaining and extending the institutions they control and in ensuring that the needs for and rewards of the technical skills they possess are steadily increased, that society become as dependent on them and their functions as possible.
Francis, unlike some other paleocons, argued that the existence of managers alone is harmless. Rather, the multiculturalist ideology they adopted drives it toward tyranny. He said that "white, Christian, male-oriented, bourgeois values and institutions" are the principal restraints of managerial power, which this class seeks to undermine. He explained:
If we could somehow take out the ideology, change the minds of those who control the state, and convert them into paleo-conservatives, the state apparatus itself would be neutral. What really animates its drive toward a totalitarian conquest and reconfiguration of society and the human mind itself comes from the ideology that the masters of the managerial state have adopted, a force that is entirely extraneous and largely accidental to the structure by which they exercise power.
Francis also said, however, that ideology helps the managerial elite increase its grip on society:
It is in the long-term interest of the overclass (not of anyone else) to managerialize society so that all aspects of life are organized, packaged, routinized and subjugated to manipulation by the technical skill the overclass possesses, and that interest requires the undermining of institutions and norms that are independent of, and impediments to, overclass control.
Francis argued that this system oversees "the managed destruction of such relationships of civil society as property, patterns of association, education, and employment." He elaborated:
The managerial ruling class, lodged primarily in the state and the other massive bureaucratic structures that dominate the economy and mass culture, must undermine such institutions of traditional social life if its power and interests are to prevail. Disparities between races—rebaptized as "prejudice," "discrimination," "white supremacy," and "hate" to which state and local governments and private institutions are indifferent or in which they are allegedly complicit—provide constant targets of convenience for managerial attack on local, private, and social relationships. Seen in this perspective, as a means of subverting traditional society and enhancing the dominance of a new elite and its own social forms, the crusade for racial "liberation" is not distinctly different from other phases of the same conflict that involve attacks on the family, community, class, and religion.
In addition, Samuel Francis argued that since the center-right and center-left refuse to deal with major civilizational issues, they reduce domestic political debates to narrow economic issues. This preoccupation views human beings as "resources" and treats them like inanimate objects. Using a phrase from Peter Drucker
Peter Drucker
Peter Ferdinand Drucker was an influential writer, management consultant, and self-described “social ecologist.”-Introduction:...
, he says this "reflects the myth of Economic Man—that human beings are mainly or entirely economic in their motivations and that therefore the business of America is business, even if it takes the federal leviathan to conduct it or regulate it."
Anarcho-tyranny
Samuel Francis argued that the problems of the managerial state extend to issues of crime and justice. In 1992, he introduced the word "anarcho-tyranny" into the paleocon vocabulary. He once defined it this way: "we refuse to control real criminals (that's the anarchy) so we control the innocent (that's the tyranny)."In one of his last essays, he explained the concept:
What we have in this country today, then, is both anarchy (the failure of the state to enforce the laws) and, at the same time, tyranny—the enforcement of laws by the state for oppressive purposes; the criminalization of the law-abiding and innocent through exorbitant taxation, bureaucratic regulation, the invasion of privacy, and the engineering of social institutions, such as the family and local schools; the imposition of thought control through "sensitivity training" and multiculturalist curricula, "hate crime" laws, gun-control laws that punish or disarm otherwise law-abiding citizens but have no impact on violent criminals who get guns illegally, and a vast labyrinth of other measures. In a word, anarcho-tyranny.
Francis argues that this situation extends across the U.S. and Europe. While the government functions normally, violent crime remains a constant, creating a climate of fear (anarchy). He says that "laws that are supposed to protect ordinary citizens against ordinary criminals" routinely go unenforced, even though the state is "perfectly capable" of doing so. While this problem rages on, government elites concentrate their interests on law-abiding citizens. In fact, Middle America winds up on the receiving end of both anarchy and tyranny.
The laws that are enforced are either those that extend or entrench the power of the state and its allies and internal elites ... or else they are the laws that directly punish those recalcitrant and "pathological" elements in society who insist on behaving according to traditional norms—people who do not like to pay taxes, wear seat belts, or deliver their children to the mind-bending therapists who run the public schools; or the people who own and keep firearms, display or even wear the Confederate flag, put up Christmas trees, spank their children, and quote the Constitution or the Bible—not to mention dissident political figures who actually run for office and try to do something about mass immigration by Third World populations.
Francis argued that anarcho-tyranny is built into the managerial system and cannot be solved simply by fighting corruption or voting out incumbents. In fact, he says that the system generates a false "conservatism" that encourages people to act passively in the face of perpetual revolution. He concludes that only by devolving power back toward law-abiding citizens can sanity be restored.
Middle-American revolution
Francis argued that the managerial regime is here indefinitely. He advocated transforming the managerial state into a new regime that supports the right's demographic and cultural goals and institutions. He argued that "Middle America," a vanguard of "working-class social conservatives" and "the still-structured middle class," provide a social base for resistance.Francis argued that this new coalition would support the "values and goals" of this "increasingly alienated and threatened strata." It should then assert leadership and rally Middle America "in radical opposition to the regime." He described elements of "Middle American revolution" in Pat Buchanan
Pat Buchanan
Patrick Joseph "Pat" Buchanan is an American paleoconservative political commentator, author, syndicated columnist, politician and broadcaster. Buchanan was a senior adviser to American Presidents Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Ronald Reagan, and was an original host on CNN's Crossfire. He sought...
's ill-fated 1992 presidential campaign
Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1992
The 1992 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1992 U.S. presidential election. Incumbent President George H.W...
:
[Buchanan] appealed to a particular identity, embodied in the concepts of America as a nation with discrete national political and economic interests and of the Middle American stratum as the political, economic, and cultural core of the nation.
In adopting such themes, Mr. Buchanan decisively broke with the universalist and cosmopolitan ideology that has been masquerading as conservatism and which has marched up and down the land armed with a variety of universalist slogans and standards: natural rights; equality as a conservative principle; the export of global democracy as the primary goal of American foreign policy; unqualified support for much of the civil rights agenda, unlimited immigration, and free trade; the defense of one version or another of "one-worldism"; enthusiastic worship of an abstract "opportunity" and unrestricted economic growth through acquisitive individualism; and the adulation of the purported patron saints of all these causes in the persons of Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King, Jr.
After Buchanan's slim showing in the 2000 election, Francis remarked that success was still a "long way
off." In one of his last essays, he wrote, "The problem today is not to conserve [the status quo], let alone to persuade Americans that it ought to be conserved. The problem today is how to persuade Americans that it ought to be—and can be—changed."
Francis' last column was critical of what he viewed as the liberalism and globalism themes inherent in the second inaugural address of President George W. Bush
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States, from 2001 to 2009. Before that, he was the 46th Governor of Texas, having served from 1995 to 2000....
, delivered on January 20, 2005.
George W. Bush
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States, from 2001 to 2009. Before that, he was the 46th Governor of Texas, having served from 1995 to 2000....
, wrote Francis, "confirmed once and for all that the neo-conservatism to which he has delivered his administration and the country is fundamentally indistinguishable from the liberalism many conservatives imagine he has renounced and defeated."
Death at 57
Francis died at Prince George's Hospital Center in CheverlyCheverly, Maryland
Cheverly is a town in central Maryland, just outside Washington, D.C., United States. The town was founded in 1918 and it was incorporated in 1931. Cheverly had 6,433 residents as of the 2000 Census....
, Maryland
Maryland
Maryland is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east...
, after unsuccessful surgery to repair an aneurysm
Aneurysm
An aneurysm or aneurism is a localized, blood-filled balloon-like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel. Aneurysms can commonly occur in arteries at the base of the brain and an aortic aneurysm occurs in the main artery carrying blood from the left ventricle of the heart...
in his aorta
Aorta
The aorta is the largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, where it branches off into two smaller arteries...
. A District of Columbia-area resident for twenty-eight years, he lived in Seabrook
Seabrook, Maryland
Seabrook is an unincorporated community located in central Maryland about east of Washington DC.According to the 2000 census, the population of Lanham-Seabrook is 18,190...
, Maryland. He had also previously resided in Alexandria
Alexandria, Virginia
Alexandria is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of 2009, the city had a total population of 139,966. Located along the Western bank of the Potomac River, Alexandria is approximately six miles south of downtown Washington, D.C.Like the rest of northern Virginia, as well as...
, Virginia, and Lanham
Lanham, Maryland
Lanham is an unincorporated community in Prince George's County in the State of Maryland in the United States of America. Because it is not formally incorporated, it has no official boundaries, but the United States Census Bureau has defined a census-designated place consisting of Lanham and the...
, Maryland.
Graveside services for Francis were held on February 25, 2005, at the Forest Hills Cemetery in his native Chattanooga
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Chattanooga is the fourth-largest city in the US state of Tennessee , with a population of 169,887. It is the seat of Hamilton County...
, Tennessee
Tennessee
Tennessee is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,346,105, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area...
. In addition to a sister, Julia Ford Francis Irwin, he was survived by a nephew, Michael Joseph Irwin, Jr., and two great-nephews, Michael Joseph Irwin, III, and John Addison Irwin, all of Chattanooga.
Articles
- "An Infantile Disorder", Chronicles, February 1998.
- "James Burnham, The New Class, And The Nation-State", VDARE.com, August 23, 2001.
- "Neo-Con Invasion", The New American, August 5, 1996.
- "The Paleo Persuasion", The American Conservative, December 12, 2002.
- "Why Immigrants Kill", VDARE.com, November 29, 2004.
- "War's realities shatter lies and illusions", April 1, 2003.
- "Neo-cons seek to start 'World War IV'", March 21, 2003.
Books
- Power and History, The Political Thought of James Burnham (1984) ISBN 0-8191-3753-7
- James Burnham: Thinkers of Our Time (1999) ISBN 1-870626-32-X
Several collections of Dr. Francis's essays and columns have been published, including:
- Beautiful Losers: Essays on the Failure of American Conservatism (1994) ISBN 0-8262-0976-9
- Revolution From the Middle (1997) ISBN 1-887898-01-8
- America Extinguished: Mass Immigration and the Disintegration of American Culture (2002) ASIN B0006S696U
- Ethnopolitics: Immigration, Race, and the American Political Future (2003) ISBN 0-9672154-1-2
- Costs of War contains a chapter by Francis called Classical Republicanism and the Right to Bear Arms ISBN 0-7658-0487-5 http://www.mises.org/store/Costs-of-War-P80.aspx
- Shots Fired: Sam Francis on America's Culture War (2006) ISBN 0-9777362-0-2 http://www.shotsfired.us
- Essential Writings on Race, (2007) ISBN 978-0-9656383-7-1 http://www.amren.com/store/essential_writings.html
External links
- An archive of Sam Francis's columns
- Sam Francis's "Principalities And Powers" essays from Chronicles Magazine
- Shots Fired: Sam Francis on America's Culture War
- "Right to Bear Arms" Audio Presentation from the Ludwig von Mises Institute
- Parallel Lives: William F. Buckley vs. Samuel T. Francis
- "Statement of Principles" by Samuel Francis
- Sam Francis Biography, with links to several of his columns
Obituaries
- The Washington Post
- Obituary by Pat Buchanan
- Obituary by Dr. Thomas Fleming of Chronicles Magazine
- Obituary by Peter Brimelow
- Obituary by Jared Taylor
- Obituary by Jerry Woodruff
- Obituary by Joseph Sobran
- Congressional Tribute by U.S. Rep. Jimmy Duncan
- "His Legacy Will Live On" Sam Francis RIP By Marcus Epstein
- Obituaries by Louis Andrews and David Duke