Rulers of Hesse
Encyclopedia
This is a list of rulers of Hesse during the history of Hesse
Hesse
Hesse or Hessia is both a cultural region of Germany and the name of an individual German state.* The cultural region of Hesse includes both the State of Hesse and the area known as Rhenish Hesse in the neighbouring Rhineland-Palatinate state...

 on west-central Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

. These rulers belonged to a dynasty collectively known as the House of Hesse
House of Hesse
The House of Hesse is a European royal dynasty from the region of Hesse, originally and still formally the House of Brabant.-History:The origins of the House of Hesse begin with the marriage of Sophie of Thuringia, daughter of Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia and Elizabeth of Hungary with Henry...

and the House of Brabant, originally the Reginar. Hesse was ruled as a Landgraviate, Electorate
Prince-elector
The Prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Roman king or, from the middle of the 16th century onwards, directly the Holy Roman Emperor.The heir-apparent to a prince-elector was known as an...

 and later as a Grand duchy
Grand duchy
A grand duchy, sometimes referred to as a grand dukedom, is a territory whose head of state is a monarch, either a grand duke or grand duchess.Today Luxembourg is the only remaining grand duchy...

 until 1918.

The title of all of the following rulers was "Landgrave" unless otherwise noted.

Hesse, 1264–1458

  • Henry I the Child
    Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse
    Henry I of Hesse "the Child" was the first Landgrave of Hesse. He was the son of Henry II, Duke of Brabant and Sophie of Thuringia.-Life:...

    , 1264–1308
  • Otto the Elder
    Otto I, Landgrave of Hesse
    Otto I of Hesse , Landgrave of Hesse.He was a son of Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse and his first wife Adelheid of Brunswick-Lunenburg. Following the death of his father in 1308, he inherited Upper Hesse, the "Land on the Lahn", which included Marburg, Giessen, Grünberg and Alsfeld...

    , son of Henry I, 1308–1328 in Upper Hesse (Marburg), reunited Hesse in 1311
  • John, son of Henry I, 1308–1311 in Lower Hesse (Kassel)
  • Henry II the Iron
    Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse
    Henry II of Hesse called "the Iron" was Landgrave of Hesse from 1328 - 1376.Henry was the son of Otto I, Landgrave of Hesse and Adelheid of Ravensburg...

    , son of Otto I, 1328–1376
    • Louis the Junker, son of Otto I, 1336–1345 residing in Grebenstein
    • Hermann I the Elder, son of Otto I, 1336–1370 residing in Nordeck
    • Otto the Younger, son of Henry II the Iron, co-regent 1340–1366
  • Hermann II the Learned
    Hermann II, Landgrave of Hesse
    Hermann II of Hesse was Landgrave of Hesse from 1376 to 1413.Hermann II, called "the Learned" was born in 1345 in Grebenstein castle, the son of Louis the Junker. He studied in Paris and in Prague. After the death of Otto, the intended heir to the throne, Henry II appointed his own nephew...

    , son of Louis the Junker, 1376–1413, co-regent since 1367
  • Louis I the Peaceful
    Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse
    Louis I of Hesse , called "the Peaceful" was Landgrave of Lower Hesse from 1413-1458....

     1413–1458

Lower Hesse
Lower Hesse
Lower Hesse a historic designation for an area in northern Hesse, Germany.The term Lower Hesse originated in the Middle Ages for the so-called "lower principality" of Hesse, which was separated until 1450 from the so-called "upper principality" by the area Ziegenhain...

 (Kassel), 1458–1500

  • Louis II the Frank
    Louis II, Landgrave of Hesse
    Louis II of Hesse , called Louis the Frank, was the Landgrave of Lower Hesse from 1458 - 1471....

    , eldest son of Louis the Peaceful, 1458–1471
  • William I the Elder
    William I, Landgrave of Hesse
    William I of Hesse was the Landgrave of Hesse from 1471 to 1493.His parents were Louis the Frank and Mechthild, daughter of Count Louis I of Württemberg...

    , son of Louis II, 1471–1493
  • William II the Middle
    William II, Landgrave of Hesse
    William II was Landgrave of Lower Hesse from 1493 and Landgrave of Upper Hesse after the death of his cousin, William III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse in 1500....

    , son of Louis II, 1493–1509, reunited Hesse in 1500

Upper Hesse (Marburg), 1458–1500

  • Henry III the Rich, younger son of Louis the Peaceful, 1458–1483
    • Louis III the Younger (died 1478)
  • William III the Younger
    William III, Landgrave of Hesse
    William III "the Younger", Landgrave of Hesse ruled on the part of the county known as Upper Hesse, with residence in Marburg....

    , 1483–1500

1500 reunited with Lower Hesse under William II

Hesse, 1500–1567

  • Philip I the Magnanimous
    Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse
    Philip I of Hesse, , nicknamed der Großmütige was a leading champion of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany....

    , son of William II, 1509–1567. Eldest son William IV the Wise
    William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
    William IV of Hesse-Kassel , also called William the Wise, was the first Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel . He was the founder of the oldest line, which survives to this day.-Life:...

    , Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel; second son Louis IV
    Louis IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Marburg
    Landgrave Louis IV of Hesse-Marburg was the son of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse and his wife Christine of Saxony. After the death of his father in 1567, Hesse was divided among his sons and Louis received Hesse-Marburg including Marburg and Giessen.Louis received his education at the court of...

     Landgraves of Hesse-Marburg
    Hesse-Marburg
    The Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg was a German landgraviate, and independent principality, within the Holy Roman Empire, that existed between 1485 and 1500, and between 1567 and 1604/1650....

    ; third son Philip the Younger
    Philip II, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels
    Philip II of Hesse-Rheinfels , also called Philip the Younger, was the first Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels.Philip was the third son of Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous and Christine of Saxony . After his father's death in 1567, the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided between the four sons out of the...

     Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels
    Hesse-Rheinfels
    Hesse-Rheinfels was created as a cadet line of Hesse for Philip II, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels , landgrave from 1567 until 1583, and as a cadet line of Hesse-Kassel for Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels , landgrave from 1627 until 1658.-First creation:Philip was the third son of Philip the...

    ; fourth son George I
    George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
    George I of Hesse-Darmstadt was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1567 to 1596.Born on 10 September 1547 in Kassel, he was the fourth son of Philip I the Magnanimous of Hesse and Christine of Saxony....

     Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt.

Hesse-Kassel
Hesse-Kassel
The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel or Hesse-Cassel was a state in the Holy Roman Empire under Imperial immediacy that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1567 upon the death of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. His eldest son William IV inherited the northern half and the...

, 1567–1803

Image Name Start term | End term | Note
William IV
William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
William IV of Hesse-Kassel , also called William the Wise, was the first Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel . He was the founder of the oldest line, which survives to this day.-Life:...


Wilhelm IV
31 March 1567 25 August 1592 eldest son of Philip the Magnanimous. Called "the Wise."
Maurice
Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
-External links:...


Moritz
25 August 1592 17 March 1627  
William V
William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
William V of Hesse-Kassel was the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel in the Holy Roman Empire from 1627 to 1637....


Wilhelm V
17 March 1627 21 September 1637  
William VI
William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel , known as William the Just, was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1637 to 1663.-Life:...


Wilhelm VI
21 September 1637 16 July 1663  
William VII
William VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
William VII of Hesse-Kassel was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.- Life :William was the eldest son of Landgrave William VI of Hesse-Kassel and his wife, Hedwig Sophie of Brandenburg. William VII inherited the landgraviate when his fatehr died in 1663...


Wilhelm VII
16 July 1663 21 November 1670  
Charles
Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
Karl I was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1670 till his death.Born at Kassel, he was the son of Wilhelm VI of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg, daughter of Georg Wilhelm, Elector of Brandenburg. After the early death of his father, his mother ruled as regent until 1675...


Karl
21 November 1670 23 March 1730  
Frederick I
Frederick I of Sweden
Frederick I, , was a prince consort of Sweden from 1718 to 1720, and a King of Sweden from 1720 until his death and also Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730...


Friedrich I
23 March 1730 25 March 1751 also King of Sweden from 1720. Hesse-Kassel under the regency of his brother, William, later Landgrave William VIII.
William VIII
Wilhelm VIII
25 March 1751 1 February 1760 brother of Frederick I; already regent from 1730
Frederick II
Friedrich II
1 February 1760 31 October 1785  
William IX
William I, Elector of Hesse
William I, Elector of Hesse was the eldest surviving son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II.-Early life:...


Wilhelm IX
31 October 1785 15 May 1803 became elector of Hesse as William I in 1803.

Hesse-Rotenburg
Hesse-Rotenburg
Hesse-Rotenburg is a former German landgraviate created from the landgraviate of Hesse-Cassel in 1627. Independence ended in 1834 when the estates not bequeathed to princes Victor and Chlodwig of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfurst were reunited with Hesse-Kassel.-History:The line of Hesse-Kassel ...

, 1627–1834

  • Herman
    Herman IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
    Landgrave Hermann IV of Hesse-Rotenburg , was the first Landgrave of the semi-independent Landgraviate of Hesse-Rotenburg...

    , third son of Maurice, 1627–1658
  • Ernest
    Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels
    Landgrave Ernest of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg , was from 1649 to 1658 his death Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels and from 1658 until his death Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg. Because his brothers died young, all later Landgraves in the Rotenburg Quarter are descendants of Ernest...

    , fifth son of Maurice, 1658–1693
  • William
    William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
    William I "the Elder" of Hesse-Rotenburg was from 1683 until his death Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg. He was a son of Ernest I of Hesse-Rotenburg-Rheinfels and his wife, Countess Maria Eleonore of Solms-Lich...

    , 1693–1725
  • Ernest Leopold
    Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
    Ernst Leopold of Hesse-Rotenburg was landgrave of Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg between 1725 and 1749.Born in Langenschwalbach, he was a son of landgrave William of Hesse-Rotenburg and Maria Anna of Löwenstein-Wertheim .He died in Rotenburg in 1749.-Marriage and issue:He married his first cousin...

    , 1725–1749
  • Constantine
    Constantine, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
    Constantine of Hessen-Rotenburg was Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg from 1749 until his death....

    , 1749–1778, inherited Eschwege in 1755
  • Emanuel, 1778–1806 (died 1812)

1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse

  • Victor Amadeus
    Victor Amadeus, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
    Victor of Hesse-Rotenburg was the last Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg. Victor was also the Prince of Corvey from 1815 and Duke of Ratibor from 1821...

    , 1813–1834

1834 extinct, reunited with Hesse-Kassel"

Hesse-Eschwege, 1632-1655

  • Frederick, eighth son of Maurice, 1632-1655
1655 extinct, fell to Hesse-Rotenburg

Hesse-Wanfried
Hesse-Wanfried
The mini-state Hesse-Wanfried existed from about 1700 to 1731. It was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire in the area of the today's Land of Hesse...

, ~1700–1755

  • Charles, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried-(Rheinfels) (1649–1711); sovereign ~1700–1711
  • William II
    William II, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried-Rheinfels
    William II, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried-Rheinfels was a son of the Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Wanfried and his first wife, Sophie Magdalene of Salm-Reifferscheid...

    , Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried-(Rheinfels) (1671–1731); sovereign 1711–1731
  • Christian, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried-(Rheinfels) (1689–1755); sovereign 1731–1755

1755 united with Hesse-Rotenburg

Hesse-Rheinfels
Hesse-Rotenburg
Hesse-Rotenburg is a former German landgraviate created from the landgraviate of Hesse-Cassel in 1627. Independence ended in 1834 when the estates not bequeathed to princes Victor and Chlodwig of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfurst were reunited with Hesse-Kassel.-History:The line of Hesse-Kassel ...

, 1627–1658

  • Ernest
    Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels
    Landgrave Ernest of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg , was from 1649 to 1658 his death Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels and from 1658 until his death Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg. Because his brothers died young, all later Landgraves in the Rotenburg Quarter are descendants of Ernest...

    , fifth son of Maurice, 1627–1658

1658 united with Hesse-Rotenburg

Hesse-Philippsthal

  • Philip
    Philip of Hesse-Philippsthal
    Philip of Hesse-Philippsthal was the son of William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg...

    , son of William VI, 1663–1721
  • Charles I
    Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal
    Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal was a member of the House of Hesse and Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal from 1721 until his death.- Life :...

    , 1721–1770
  • William
    William, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal
    William of Hesse-Philippsthal was a member of the House of Hesse and Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal from 1770 until his death.- Life :...

    , 1770–1806 (died 1810)

1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse

  • Louis, 1813–1816
  • Ernest Constantine
    Ernest Constantine, Landgrave of Hesse-Philipptshal
    Ernest Constantine, Landgrave of Hesse-Philipptshal was a member of the House of Hesse and Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal from 1816 until his death.- Life :...

    , 1816–1849
  • Charles II
    Charles II, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal
    Charles II of Hesse-Philippsthal was a member of the House of Hesse and was Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal from 1849 until 1866.- Life :...

    , 1849–1866

1866 annexed by Prussia

Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld

  • William
    William, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld
    William of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld was a member of the House of Hesse and was Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld from 1721 to 1761.- Life :...

    , son of Philip, 1721–1761
  • Frederick, 1761–1772
  • Adolf, 1772–1803
  • Charles, 1803–1806

1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse

  • Charles, 1813–1854 (restored)
  • Alexis, 1854–1866

1866 annexed by Prussia

Hesse-Marburg
Hesse-Marburg
The Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg was a German landgraviate, and independent principality, within the Holy Roman Empire, that existed between 1485 and 1500, and between 1567 and 1604/1650....

, 1567–1604

Image Name Start term | End term | Note
Louis IV
Louis IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Marburg
Landgrave Louis IV of Hesse-Marburg was the son of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse and his wife Christine of Saxony. After the death of his father in 1567, Hesse was divided among his sons and Louis received Hesse-Marburg including Marburg and Giessen.Louis received his education at the court of...


Ludwig IV
31 March 1567 9 October 1604 second son of Philip the Magnanimous.

1604 extinct and disputed between Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt, 1648 divided between the two lines

Hesse-Rheinfels
Hesse-Rheinfels
Hesse-Rheinfels was created as a cadet line of Hesse for Philip II, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels , landgrave from 1567 until 1583, and as a cadet line of Hesse-Kassel for Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels , landgrave from 1627 until 1658.-First creation:Philip was the third son of Philip the...

, 1567–1583

Image Name Start term | End term | Note
Philip II
Philip II, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels
Philip II of Hesse-Rheinfels , also called Philip the Younger, was the first Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels.Philip was the third son of Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous and Christine of Saxony . After his father's death in 1567, the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided between the four sons out of the...

31 March 1567 20 November 1583 third son of Philip the Magnanimous. Called "the Younger."

1583 extinct and divided between Hesse-Kassel, Hesse-Marburg and Hesse-Darmstadt

Hesse-Darmstadt
Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt
The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire. It was formed in 1567 following the division of the Landgraviate of Hesse between the four sons of Philip I, the last Landgrave of Hesse....

, 1567–1806

Image Name Start term | End term | Note
George I
George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
George I of Hesse-Darmstadt was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1567 to 1596.Born on 10 September 1547 in Kassel, he was the fourth son of Philip I the Magnanimous of Hesse and Christine of Saxony....


Georg I
31 March 1567 7 February 1596 fourth son of Philip the Magnanimous
Louis V
Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1596 to 1626.He was born on 24 September 1577 as the son of George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Magdalene of Lippe....


Ludwig V
7 February 1596 27 June 1626 son of George I.
George II
George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
George II of Hesse-Darmstadt, was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1626 - 1661. He was the son of Ludwig V and Magdalena von Brandenburg.He married Sophia Eleonore of Saxony on April 1, 1627...


Georg II
27 June 1626 11 June 1661 son of Louis V.
Louis VI
Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louis VI of Hesse-Darmstadt was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1661 to 1678.He was the eldest of three sons of the Landgrave George II of Hesse-Darmstadt and Sophia Eleonore of Saxony.- Marriage and children :...


Ludwig VI
11 June 1661 24 April 1678 son of George II
Louis VII
Louis VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Ludwig VII, Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt was a Hessian regent.Louis VII was the son of Landgrave Louis VI of Hesse-Darmstadt and his wife Maria Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. Following the death of his father, he began to reign as landgrave On 24 April 1678...


Ludwig VII
24 April 1678 31 August 1678 first son of Louis VI
Ernest Louis
Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Ernest Louis of Hesse-Darmstadt was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1678 to 1739. His parents were Landgrave Louis VI of Hesse-Darmstadt and Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg ....


Ernst Ludwig
31 August 1678 12 September 1739 second son of Louis VI
Louis VIII
Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louis VIII was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1739 to 1768. He was the son of Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach....


Ludwig VIII
12 September 1739 17 October 1768 son of Ernest Louis
Louis IX
Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1768 - 1790. He was a son of Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, and Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg....


Ludwig IX
17 October 1768 6 April 1790 son of Louis VIII
Louis X
Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse
Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and later the first Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine....


Ludwig X
6 April 1790 13 August 1806 son of Louis IX. Became Grand Duke of Hesse 1806.

Hesse-Butzbach, 1609–1643

  • Philip III
    Philip III, Landgrave of Hesse-Butzbach
    Landgrave Philip III of Hesse-Butzbach was Landgrave of Hesse-Butzbach from 1609 to 1643.- Life :...

    , second son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1609–1643

Hesse-Homburg
Hesse-Homburg
Hesse-Homburg was formed into a separate landgraviate in 1622 by the landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt to be ruled by his son, although it did not become independent of Hesse-Darmstadt until 1668....

, 1622–1866

  • Frederick I
    Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
    Frederick I of Hesse-Homburg , was the first Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg and founder of the eponymous family line.- Life :...

    , third son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1622–1638
  • William Christoph
    William Christoph, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
    William Christoph of Hesse-Homburg was the second Landgraf of Hesse-Homburg...

    , 1638–1681, sold Homburg to his brother George Christian in 1669, but retained Bingenheim (Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg-Bingenheim)
    • Margareta Elisabetha of Leiningen-Westerburg-Schaumburg, Regent 1638–1648
  • George Christian, 1669–1671 Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg

Under mortgage to two merchants (1671–1673) and the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt (1673–1679)

  • Frederick II
    Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
    Frederick II of Hesse-Homburg , also known as the Prince of Homburg was Landgraf of Hesse-Homburg. He was also a successful and experienced general for the crowns of both Sweden and of Brandenburg, but is best remembered as the eponymous hero of Heinrich von Kleist's play Der Prinz von Homburg.-...

    , son of Fredrick I, 1679–1708, Commander general of the army of Brandenburg
    Brandenburg
    Brandenburg is one of the sixteen federal-states of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany. The capital is Potsdam...

     (The Prince of Homburg), redeemed Homburg in 1679, regained Bingenheim in 1681
  • Frederick III Jacob
    Frederick III, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
    Frederick III James of Hesse-Homburg was a Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg- Life :...

    , 1708–1746, Cavalry general in the Netherlands
    Netherlands
    The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...

  • Frederick IV
    Frederick IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
    Frederick IV Charles Louis William of Hesse-Homburg , was Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.- Life :...

    , 1746–1751
  • Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
    Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
    Frederick V Louis William Christian , Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg was from 1751 to his death landgrave of Hesse-Homburg...

    , 1751–1806
    • Ulrike Louise von Solms-Braunfels, Regent 1751–1766

1806 Annexed by Hesse-Darmstadt, 1815 restored on the Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815. The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars,...


  • Frederick V
    Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
    Frederick V Louis William Christian , Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg was from 1751 to his death landgrave of Hesse-Homburg...

    , 1815–1820 (restored)
  • Frederick VI
    Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
    Frederick VI reigned as Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg from 1820 until his death in 1829.-Biography:Born in Homburg, Hesse, on 30 July 1769, Friedrich Joseph Ludwig Carl August was the eldest son of the incumbent Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, Frederick V, and his wife Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt, the...

    , 1820–1829, Cavalry general in Austria
    Austria
    Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...

  • Louis William, 1829–1839, Infantry general in Prussia
    Prussia
    Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...

  • Philip, 1839–1846, Field marshal in Austria
  • Gustav, 1846–1848, Cavalry general in Austria
  • Ferdinand, 1848–1866, Cavalry general in Austria

1866 annexed by Prussia

Hesse-Itter, 1661–1676

  • George III, second son of George II, 1661–1676

Electors of Hesse (-Kassel), 1803–1866

Image Name Start term | End term | Note
William I
William I, Elector of Hesse
William I, Elector of Hesse was the eldest surviving son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II.-Early life:...


Wilhelm I
15 May 1803 28 August 1807 previously Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel as William IX; deposed
to the Kingdom of Westphalia
Kingdom of Westphalia
The Kingdom of Westphalia was a new country of 2.6 million Germans that existed from 1807-1813. It included of territory in Hesse and other parts of present-day Germany. While formally independent, it was a vassal state of the First French Empire, ruled by Napoleon's brother Jérôme Bonaparte...

, 1807-1813
William I
William I, Elector of Hesse
William I, Elector of Hesse was the eldest surviving son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II.-Early life:...


Wilhelm I
30 October 1813 27 February 1821 restored
William II
William II, Elector of Hesse
-Biography:William was the eldest surviving son of William I, Elector of Hesse and Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway. He succeeded as Elector of Hesse on his father's death in 1821.-Marriage and issue:On 13 February 1797 in Berlin, William married Princess Augusta of Prussia, fourth...


Wilhelm II
27 February 1821 20 November 1847 His son Frederick William acted as regent from 30 September 1831
Frederick William
Frederick William, Elector of Hesse
Frederick William I was, between 1847 and 1866, the last Elector of Hesse-Kassel .- Life :...


Friedrich Wilhelm
20 November 1847 20 September 1866 regent for his father from 30 September 1831. The electorate was annexed by Prussia in 1866

1866 annexed by Prussia

Grand Dukes of Hesse (-Darmstadt) and by Rhine, 1806–1918

Image Name Start term | End term | Note
Louis I
Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse
Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and later the first Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine....


Ludwig I
13 August 1806 6 April 1830 previously Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt as Louis X from 1790
Louis II
Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse
Louis II was Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1830 until 5 March 1848 . He was the son of Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse....


Ludwig II
6 April 1830 16 June 1848  
Louis III
Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse
Louis III was Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1848 until his death. He was succeeded by his nephew, Louis IV....


Ludwig III
16 June 1848 13 June 1877  
Louis IV
Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse
Louis IV , was the fourth Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 13 June 1877 until his death...


Ludwig IV
13 June 1877 13 March 1892  
Ernest Louis
Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
Ernest Louis Charles Albert William , was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1892 until 1918...


Ernst Ludwig
13 March 1892 9 November 1918  

Hesse-Kassel since 1866

  • Frederick William I, the former Elector, 1866–1875
  • Landgrave Frederick William II of Hesse-Kassel, 1875–1884, son of Prince William of Hesse-Kassel.
  • Landgrave Frederick William III of Hesse, 1884–1888
  • Landgrave Alexander Frederick, 1888–1925 (abdicated, d. 1945)
  • Landgrave Frederick Charles, 1925–1940, elected King of Finland
    Finland
    Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...

     with the name (Fredrik) Kaarle I in 1918 but renounced the throne the same year
  • Landgrave Philip, 1940–1980
  • Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse (born 1926), 1980–present

Hesse-Philippsthal 1866-1925

  • Charles II
    Charles II, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal
    Charles II of Hesse-Philippsthal was a member of the House of Hesse and was Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal from 1849 until 1866.- Life :...

     the former Landgrave, 1866–1868
  • Ernest 1868-1925

1925 the Line of Hesse-Philippsthal became extinct

Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld since 1866, Hesse-Philippsthal since the extinction of the main line 1925

  • Alexis the former Landgrave, 1866–1905
  • Chlodwig 1905-1954, head of the house of Hesse-Philippsthal since 1925
  • Wilhelm
    Wilhelm, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld
    Wilhelm, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld is the current head of the branch of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld, one of the two remaining branches of the House of Hesse.-Early life and family:...

     1954–present

Hesse-Darmstadt 1918–1968

  • Ernest Louis
    Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
    Ernest Louis Charles Albert William , was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1892 until 1918...

     the former Grand Duke, 1918–1937
  • George Donatus
    Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse
    Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse was the first child of Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich....

     1937
  • Louis
    Prince Louis of Hesse and by Rhine
    Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine was the youngest son of Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse by his second wife Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich....

    1937–1968

In 1968 the Line of Hesse-Darmstadt became extinct; the last Prince adopted the head of the Hesse-Kassel as his heir

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