Frederick William, Elector of Hesse
Encyclopedia
Frederick William I was, between 1847 and 1866, the last Elector of Hesse-Kassel
(or Hesse-Cassel).
, the son of Prince William, later William II, Elector of Hesse
, and Princess Augusta of Prussia
, daughter of Frederick William II of Prussia
.
During the French occupation of Hesse-Kassel (1806–1813) he stayed with his mother in Berlin
. The relationship with his father was bad, because of his father's affair with Emilie Ortlöpp
.
Frederick was educated at Marburg and Leipzig
. He became co-regent on September 30, 1831, and Elector in 1847. Under influence of his minister Hans Daniel Ludwig Friedrich Hassenpflug
he conducted a reactionary policy, which made him very unpopular. He was forced to give in to the demands of the March Revolution
, but reinstated Hassenpflug in 1850 after the revolution had been crushed.
In the Austro-Prussian War
(1866) he chose the side of Austria. His capital Kassel
was occupied by Prussia, and, as a consequence of his refusal to negotiate, he was transferred as a prisoner to Stettin on June 23. Hessen-Kassel was annexed by Prussia in the same year.
Frederick William never accepted the Prussian dominance over his territory. Even after the creation of the unified German Empire
(1871), he tried to regain his throne. He died at Prague
in 1875.
on June 26, 1831 to Gertrude Falkenstein (Bonn
, 18 May 1803 – Prague
9 July 1882), daughter of Johann Gottfried Falkenstein (son of Nicolaus Falkenstein and wife Margarethe Heyss) and wife Magdalena Schulz (daughter of Johann Ludwig Albert Schulz and wife Sophie Krupps).
Former wife (m. Graven-Rheindorf, 30 November 1822) of Lt
Karl Michael Lehmann (Bischofswerden, 16 June 1787 – Wandsbek
, 1882), whom his father made Her Illustrious Highness
Countess of Schaumburg in (1831), and whom he made Princess (Fürst
in) of Hanau and to Horowitz in (1853).
They had nine children, some born before marriage, who were also made princes (Prinzen) of Hanau, and granted the style of Serene Highness
in 1862. Subsequently, the Elector divorced Gertrud.
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Hesse-Kassel
The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel or Hesse-Cassel was a state in the Holy Roman Empire under Imperial immediacy that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1567 upon the death of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. His eldest son William IV inherited the northern half and the...
(or Hesse-Cassel).
Life
He was born at HanauHanau
Hanau is a town in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is located 25 km east of Frankfurt am Main. Its station is a major railway junction.- Geography :...
, the son of Prince William, later William II, Elector of Hesse
William II, Elector of Hesse
-Biography:William was the eldest surviving son of William I, Elector of Hesse and Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway. He succeeded as Elector of Hesse on his father's death in 1821.-Marriage and issue:On 13 February 1797 in Berlin, William married Princess Augusta of Prussia, fourth...
, and Princess Augusta of Prussia
Princess Augusta of Prussia
Princess Augusta of Prussia was a German salonist and electress consort of Hesse. She was the third daughter and fifth child of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was the first consort of William II, Elector of Hesse. Augusta was a talented painter...
, daughter of Frederick William II of Prussia
Frederick William II of Prussia
Frederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:...
.
During the French occupation of Hesse-Kassel (1806–1813) he stayed with his mother in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
. The relationship with his father was bad, because of his father's affair with Emilie Ortlöpp
Emilie Ortlöpp
Countess Emilie of Reichenbach-Lessonitz née Ortlöpp was the mistress and later second wife of Elector William II of Hesse.- Life :...
.
Frederick was educated at Marburg and Leipzig
University of Leipzig
The University of Leipzig , located in Leipzig in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, is one of the oldest universities in the world and the second-oldest university in Germany...
. He became co-regent on September 30, 1831, and Elector in 1847. Under influence of his minister Hans Daniel Ludwig Friedrich Hassenpflug
Hans Daniel Ludwig Friedrich Hassenpflug
Hans Daniel Ludwig Friedrich Hassenpflug , German statesman, was born at Hanau in Hesse.He studied law at Göttingen, graduated in 1816, and took his seat as Assessor in the judicial chamber of the board of government at Kassel, of which his father Johann Hassenpflug was also a member, in 1821 he...
he conducted a reactionary policy, which made him very unpopular. He was forced to give in to the demands of the March Revolution
Revolutions of 1848 in the German states
The Revolutions of 1848 in the German states, also called the March Revolution – part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many countries of Europe – were a series of loosely coordinated protests and rebellions in the states of the German Confederation, including the Austrian Empire...
, but reinstated Hassenpflug in 1850 after the revolution had been crushed.
In the Austro-Prussian War
Austro-Prussian War
The Austro-Prussian War was a war fought in 1866 between the German Confederation under the leadership of the Austrian Empire and its German allies on one side and the Kingdom of Prussia with its German allies and Italy on the...
(1866) he chose the side of Austria. His capital Kassel
Kassel
Kassel is a town located on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Kassel Regierungsbezirk and the Kreis of the same name and has approximately 195,000 inhabitants.- History :...
was occupied by Prussia, and, as a consequence of his refusal to negotiate, he was transferred as a prisoner to Stettin on June 23. Hessen-Kassel was annexed by Prussia in the same year.
Frederick William never accepted the Prussian dominance over his territory. Even after the creation of the unified German Empire
German Empire
The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
(1871), he tried to regain his throne. He died at Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
in 1875.
Children
Frederick William morganatically marriedMorganatic marriage
In the context of European royalty, a morganatic marriage is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which prevents the passage of the husband's titles and privileges to the wife and any children born of the marriage...
on June 26, 1831 to Gertrude Falkenstein (Bonn
Bonn
Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located in the Cologne/Bonn Region, about 25 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999....
, 18 May 1803 – Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
9 July 1882), daughter of Johann Gottfried Falkenstein (son of Nicolaus Falkenstein and wife Margarethe Heyss) and wife Magdalena Schulz (daughter of Johann Ludwig Albert Schulz and wife Sophie Krupps).
Former wife (m. Graven-Rheindorf, 30 November 1822) of Lt
Oberleutnant
Oberleutnant is a junior officer rank in the militaries of Germany, Switzerland and Austria. In the German Army, it dates from the early 19th century. Translated as "Senior Lieutenant", the rank is typically bestowed upon commissioned officers after five to six years of active duty...
Karl Michael Lehmann (Bischofswerden, 16 June 1787 – Wandsbek
Wandsbek
Wandsbek is the second-largest of seven boroughs that make up the city of Hamburg, Germany. The name of the district is derived from the river Wandse which passes here. The quarter Wandsbek, which is the former independent city, is urban and, with the quarters Eilbek and Marienthal part of the...
, 1882), whom his father made Her Illustrious Highness
Illustrious Highness
His/Her Illustrious Highness is the English-language form for a style used by various members of the European aristocracy....
Countess of Schaumburg in (1831), and whom he made Princess (Fürst
Fürst
Fürst is a German title of nobility, usually translated into English as Prince.The term refers to the head of a principality and is distinguished from the son of a monarch, who is referred to as Prinz...
in) of Hanau and to Horowitz in (1853).
They had nine children, some born before marriage, who were also made princes (Prinzen) of Hanau, and granted the style of Serene Highness
Serene Highness
His/Her Serene Highness is a style used today by the reigning families of Liechtenstein and Monaco. It also preceded the princely titles of members of some German ruling and mediatised dynasties as well as some non-ruling but princely German noble families until 1918...
in 1862. Subsequently, the Elector divorced Gertrud.
- Augusta Marie Gertrude (1829–1887), married 1849 Ferdinand Maximilian III Prince (Fürst) zu Isenburg-Büdingen in Wächtersbach (1824–1903). They were the grandparents of Princess Sophie of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachPrincess Sophie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1888-1913)Princess Sophie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was a great-granddaughter of Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, who was a younger brother of Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach....
. - Alexandrine (1830–1871), married 1851 Prince Felix zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen (1818–1900)
- Frederich Wilhelm (1832–1889), married morganatically twice: 1856 Auguste Birnbaum; and in 1875, Ludowika Gloede; their children were Counts von Schaumburg, but post-1918 descendants bear the title Prince/ss von Hanau.
- Moritz (1834–1889), married morganatically 1875 Anne von Lossberg; no children
- Wilhelm (1836–1902), married 1stly 1868 (divorced 1870) Princess Elisabeth, daughter of George William, Prince of Schaumburg-LippeGeorge William, Prince of Schaumburg-LippeGeorg Wilhelm, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe was a Count and later Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe.-Biography:...
; 2ndly 1890 Countess Elisabeth zur Lippe-Weissenfeld (1868–1952); no children - Maria (1839–1917), married 1857 (divorced 1872) Prince Wilhelm of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (1831–1890): she and her children were granted the titles HSHHSHHSH may refer to:* The Albanian code for Hekurudha Shqiptare in Albania* The IATA code for Henderson Executive Airport in Henderson, Nevada, USA* Her Space Holiday, American indie rock group...
Prince/ss of Ardeck after her divorce. - Karl (1840–1905), married 1882 Countess Hermine Grote; no children.
- Heinrich (1842–1917), married morganatically Martha Riegel
- Philipp (1844–1914), married morganatically Albertine Hubatschek-Stauber; countly descendants, but post-monarchy bear the princely Hanau title.
Ancestry
Sources
- http://genealogy.euweb.cz/brabant/brabant8.html#W1 - Genealogy of the Hesse-Kassel line.
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