Rose garden
Encyclopedia
Origins of the rose garden
Although roses have been selected and grown in China for over 1,000 years, the forerunner of the rose garden as we know it today was planted by empress Joséphine de BeauharnaisJoséphine de Beauharnais
Joséphine de Beauharnais was the first wife of Napoléon Bonaparte, and thus the first Empress of the French. Her first husband Alexandre de Beauharnais had been guillotined during the Reign of Terror, and she had been imprisoned in the Carmes prison until her release five days after Alexandre's...
at Malmaison
Malmaison
Malmaison may be:* Château de Malmaison, Rueil-Malmaison, France* Greenwood LeFlore's home, Greenwood, Mississippi, USA* Malmaison, a UK hotel chain....
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
in the years between 1799-1814. Joséphine imported both leading gardening talent and scores of roses, financing many plant collecting trips. At her death in 1814, the garden included more than 250 varieties of rose. It is said that her plant hunters also introduced some 200 other plants to France, among them the dahlia
Dahlia
Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, perennial plants native to Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. There are at least 36 species of dahlia, some like D. imperialis up to 10 metres tall. Dahlia hybrids are commonly grown as garden plants...
.
Public rose gardens
Public rose gardens are a feature of many towns and cities. Notable gardens include:Australia
- Ruston's Roses in Renmark, South AustraliaRenmark, South AustraliaRenmark is a town in South Australia's rural Riverland area, and is located 254 km northeast of Adelaide, on the banks of the River Murray. The Sturt Highway between Adelaide and Sydney runs through the town; Renmark is the last major town encountered in South Australia when driving this route. It...
houses the National Rose Collection of Australia (since 2005) and displays more than 4,000 modern and old garden varieties. The garden, which started life as a commercial fruit orchard, began supplying the cut-flower trade and by the mid 1970s it focused entirely on supplying roses as both cut flowers and garden plants.
Belgium
- Coloma Castle, six miles (10 km) south of BrusselsBrusselsBrussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
has more than 60,000 rose plants of some 3,000 different varieties. These include a complete collection of Belgian-raised roses and an area devoted to historic roses. The largest rose garden features varieties grouped by country and by breeder.
Canada
- Royal Botanical Gardens, OntarioOntarioOntario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....
has a Centennial Rose Garden in its HamiltonHamilton, OntarioHamilton is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Conceived by George Hamilton when he purchased the Durand farm shortly after the War of 1812, Hamilton has become the centre of a densely populated and industrialized region at the west end of Lake Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe...
complex. Laid out in 1967, it features FloribundaFloribundaFloribunda may refer to:*A popular rose cultivar group, see Floribunda *A former cactus genus now placed in Cipocereus* Cassia floribunda, a synonym for Senna septemtrionalis, a plant species...
and Hybrid TeaHybrid TeaHybrid Tea is a cultivar group of roses, created by cross-breeding two different types of roses, initially by hybridising Hybrid Perpetuals with Tea roses...
roses, as well as collections of old varieties.
Denmark
- Gerlev Rosenpark near FrederikssundFrederikssundFrederikssund Kommune is a municipality on the shores of Roskilde Fjord in the northern part of the island of Zealand in eastern Denmark. On 1 January 2007, the municipality was enlarged to include the old Jægerspris, Slangerup, and Skibby municipalities. It now covers an area of 260 km² and...
includes a large collection of historic roses and a complete inventory of roses bred by PoulsenPoulsenPoulsen is a Danish patronymic surname meaning "son of Poul" . The form Paulsen is a less common cognate.It may refer to:People*Christian Poulsen, Danish professional football player...
, displayed according to the year they were introduced.
France
- Roseraie du Val-de-MarneRoseraie de L'Haÿthumb|250px|left|Dôme de la Roseraie du Val-de-Marne.thumb|250px|right|Côté du dôme de la Roseraie du Val-de-Marne.Roseraie du Val-de-Marne or Roseraie de L'Haÿ is a garden devoted to roses established in 1899 on rue Albert Watel in L'Haÿ-les-Roses, Val-de-Marne, France.About 8 km south of...
, L'Haÿ-les-RosesL'Haÿ-les-RosesL'Haÿ-les-Roses is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. L'Haÿ-les-Roses is a sous-préfecture of the Val-de-Marne département, being the seat of the Arrondissement of L'Haÿ-les-Roses....
, is in the southern suburbs of Paris and was laid out in 1899 for the businessman Jules Gravereux. By 1914 the gardens had become so famous that the commune of L'Haÿ was renamed. Like Malmaison, the garden was built with the intention of displaying every rose in the world, and in the early years of the 20th century it contained 7,000 rose cultivars. Today it has around 2,000 species and 3,000 cultivars.
- Parc de BagatelleChâteau de BagatelleThe Château de Bagatelle is a small neoclassical château with a French landscape garden in the Bois de Boulogne in the XVIe arrondissement of Paris...
, in Paris was the brainchild of Commissioner of Gardens for Paris Jean-Claude Forestier and is laid out in strict geometric style. It contains more than 9,000 roses of over 1,000 varieties. The first international competition for roses was organised here in 1907 and has been held annually ever since.
- Parc de la Tête d'OrParc de la Tête d'OrParc de la Tête d'Or , in central Lyon, is an urban park in France, with it is 8.5 times smaller than bois de Vincennes in Paris. Located in the 6th arrondissement, it features a large lake on which boating takes place during the summer months...
in LyonLyonLyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
was opened in 1964 in the city where modern rose hybridisation began. It contains four rose gardens, as well as trial grounds for new French varieties.
Germany
- Europa-RosariumEuropa-RosariumThe Europa-Rosarium , formerly the Rosarium Sangerhausen, is a municipal rose garden located at Steinberger Weg 3, Sangerhausen, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, which describes itself at the largest rose collection in the world. It is open daily in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged...
in SangerhausenSangerhausenSangerhausen is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, capital of the district of Mansfeld-Südharz, without being part of it.It is situated southeast of the Harz, approx. 35 km east of Nordhausen, and 50 km west of Halle...
, GermanyGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
was founded by the German Rose Society in 1898, opening to the public five years later. The foundation of the huge rose collection was species roses collected by the amateur rosarian Albert HoffmannAlbert Hoffmann (horticulturist)Albert Hoffmann was a German rosarian.He was one of the founders of the "Sangerhausen Rosarium" donating over 4000 seedlings from his own nursery for the newly established rosarium. His "Alice Hoffman" cultivar is named after his daughter. Rosarian Nicola Welter dedicated him his cultivar called...
. The gardens acquired few new varieties from 1950-1990, but its collection of earlier classes - Polyanthas, Hybrid Perpetuals, Noisette hybrids and ramblers - is encyclopedic. Some 2,000 cultivars are said to be unique to the garden.
- Rosarium UetersenRosarium UetersenThe Rosarium Uetersen is a rose garden located in the city of Uetersen, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.The Rosarium is the oldest and largest rose garden in Northern Germany...
in UetersenUetersenUetersen ) is a city in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approx. south of Elmshorn, and northwest of Hamburg at the small river Pinnau, close to the Elbe river...
, GermanyGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
was established in 1929, with assistance from Mathias TantauRosen TantauRosen Tantau is a Rosen breeding company located at Uetersen, in the District of Pinneberg in Schleswig-Holstein. It is one of the most important Rose farms worldwide, and has a large number of well-known rose varieties produced...
and Wilhelm KordesWilhelm KordesWilhelm Kordes I was a German horticulturist.His sons, the breeder Wilhelm Kordes II and Hermann Kordes continued to expand the business, now known as W. Kordes’ Söhne...
. It contains over 1,000 rose varieties.
- Westfalenpark in DortmundDortmundDortmund is a city in Germany. It is located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. Its population of 585,045 makes it the 7th largest city in Germany and the 34th largest in the European Union....
was developed in 1969 as the West German National Rosarium and contains around 50,000 roses within a contemporary design. It has themed rose gardens, including a romantic and a medieval garden, and glasshouses containing tender roses.
Italy
- Fineschi Garden, in the CavrigliaCavrigliaCavriglia is a comune in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 35 km southeast of Florence and about 35 km west of Arezzo...
municipality of TuscanyTuscanyTuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of about 23,000 square kilometres and a population of about 3.75 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence ....
was created by a rose-loving surgeon over a 40-year period and now extends over more than eight acres. It has sections devoted to different varieties, including Gallica and Hybrid Perpetual roses and also to the work of different breeders. These include important collections from less well-known rose growing nations, such as ArgentinaArgentinaArgentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
, PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
and PortugalPortugalPortugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
. The garden is open for a limited period during the summer.
Netherlands
- Westbroekpark is a public park in in The HagueThe HagueThe Hague is the capital city of the province of South Holland in the Netherlands. With a population of 500,000 inhabitants , it is the third largest city of the Netherlands, after Amsterdam and Rotterdam...
, and the large rose garden and trial grounds for testing new varieties was created in 1961. More than 20,000 rose plants are set out in large beds and the focus is on new varieties.
Switzerland
- Parc de la Grange in GenevaGenevaGeneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
is a terraced formal setting where a huge variety of roses are combined with statuary, pools and fountains. During the summer months the garden is floodlit after dark to show off the roses.
UK
- Mottisfont AbbeyMottisfont AbbeyMottisfont Abbey is a historical abbey and country estate in England. Sheltered in the valley of the River Test, the property is now operated by the National Trust. About 200,000 people visit each year...
in HampshireHampshireHampshire is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, a historic cathedral city that was once the capital of England. Hampshire is notable for housing the original birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force...
is a 13th-century former prioryPrioryA priory is a house of men or women under religious vows that is headed by a prior or prioress. Priories may be houses of mendicant friars or religious sisters , or monasteries of monks or nuns .The Benedictines and their offshoots , the Premonstratensians, and the...
on the banks of the River TestRiver TestThe River Test is a river in Hampshire, England. The river has a total length of 40 miles and it flows through downland from its source near Ashe, 10 km to the west of Basingstoke , to the sea at the head of Southampton Water...
, now owned by the National TrustNational Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural BeautyThe National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, usually known as the National Trust, is a conservation organisation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland...
. The rose garden is a much later addition, having been created in 1972 by Graham Stuart ThomasGraham Stuart ThomasGraham Stuart Thomas OBE , was an English horticulturalist, artist, author, poet and garden designer.He was born in Cambridge and studied in the University Botanic Garden at Cambridge University...
, the British horticulturalist and rosarian. It houses a National CollectionNCCPG National Plant CollectionThe NCCPG National Plant Collection scheme is the main conservation vehicle whereby the National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens can accomplish its mission: to conserve, grow, propagate, document and make available the resource of garden plants that exists in the United...
of historic shrub roses.
- Royal National Rose Society Gardens is the official garden of the Royal National Rose SocietyRoyal National Rose SocietyThe Royal National Rose Society is dedicated to the cultivation and appreciation of roses. It was founded in 1876 and is based in St Albans in England...
and is located at its headquarters near St AlbansSt AlbansSt Albans is a city in southern Hertfordshire, England, around north of central London, which forms the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans. It is a historic market town, and is now a sought-after dormitory town within the London commuter belt...
. Reopened in 2007, after a four-year closure and redesign, it contains more than 7,000 plants of 2,500 varieties. Features include a collection showing the history of the rose, roses with companion plantings and designs to provide inspiration for growing roses in small gardens.
- Queen Mary Gardens in Regent's ParkRegent's ParkRegent's Park is one of the Royal Parks of London. It is in the north-western part of central London, partly in the City of Westminster and partly in the London Borough of Camden...
, London is a circular rose garden surounded by a ring of pillars where climbers and ramblers are displayed. It includes a mix of formal rose beds and more informal displays and some 40,000 roses are in bloom in the summer.
US
The Huntington LibraryThe Huntington Library
The Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens is an educational and research institution established by Henry E. Huntington in San Marino, in the San Rafael Hills near Pasadena, California in the United States...
in San Marino, California
San Marino, California
San Marino is a small, affluent city in Los Angeles County, California. Incorporated in 1913, the City founders designed the community to be uniquely residential, with expansive properties surrounded by beautiful gardens, wide streets, and well maintained parkways...
includes a vast botanical garden
Botanical garden
A botanical garden The terms botanic and botanical, and garden or gardens are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word botanic is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens. is a well-tended area displaying a wide range of plants labelled with their botanical names...
laid out in the early 20th century. While the garden is perhaps more famous for camellia
Camellia
Camellia, the camellias, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae. They are found in eastern and southern Asia, from the Himalaya east to Korea and Indonesia. There are 100–250 described species, with some controversy over the exact number...
and cactus
Cactus
A cactus is a member of the plant family Cactaceae. Their distinctive appearance is a result of adaptations to conserve water in dry and/or hot environments. In most species, the stem has evolved to become photosynthetic and succulent, while the leaves have evolved into spines...
collections, the 1908 rose garden displays varieties of all types and shows its history and development as a garden plant.
- The Gardens of the American Rose CenterThe Gardens of the American Rose CenterThe Gardens of the American Rose Center are botanical gardens located in Shreveport, Louisiana and dedicated to rose varieties. They have been the headquarters of the American Rose Society since 1974 when it moved to Louisiana from Columbus, Ohio....
in Shreveport, LouisianaLouisianaLouisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties...
is headquarters of the American Rose Society and opened in 1974 (having relocated from Columbus, OhioColumbus, OhioColumbus is the capital of and the largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio. The broader metropolitan area encompasses several counties and is the third largest in Ohio behind those of Cleveland and Cincinnati. Columbus is the third largest city in the American Midwest, and the fifteenth largest city...
. It contains more than 65 individual rose gardens and 20,000 roses, shown with companion plants, sculptures and fountains.