Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Burlington
Encyclopedia
Lord High Treasurer
The post of Lord High Treasurer or Lord Treasurer was an English government position and has been a British government position since the Act of Union of 1707. A holder of the post would be the third highest ranked Great Officer of State, below the Lord High Chancellor and above the Lord President...
of Ireland
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
and a cavalier
Cavalier
Cavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I and son Charles II during the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration...
.
Early years
He was born in The College in YoughalYoughal
Youghal is a town in County Cork, Ireland. Sitting on the estuary of the River Blackwater, in the past it was militarily and economically important. Being built on the edge of a steep riverbank, the town has a distinctive long and narrow layout...
, the second son and sixth child of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork
Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork
Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork , also known as the Great Earl of Cork, was Lord Treasurer of the Kingdom of Ireland....
and his second wife, formerly Catherine Fenton. Richard Boyle jnr., was knight
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
ed on August 13, 1624, at his father's house in Youghal, by Lord Falkland
Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland
Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland ; son of a Hertfordshire knight; said to have studied at Oxford; served abroad; gentleman of the bedchamber to King James I; K.B., 1608; controller of the household, 1617-21; created Viscount Falkland in the Scottish peerage, 1620; lord-deputy of Ireland, 1622;...
, the Lord Deputy of Ireland
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was the British King's representative and head of the Irish executive during the Lordship of Ireland , the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland...
. He then went on travels abroad with an annual allowance of £1500.
Civil War
In 1639 he undertook to raise, arm, and provide 100 horse to attend upon King Charles ICharles I of England
Charles I was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles...
in his expedition into the north of England against the Scots. For this and other occasions his father supplied him with £5553 sterling. Richard Boyle was returned as Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
for Appleby
Appleby (UK Parliament constituency)
Appleby was a parliamentary constituency in the former county of Westmorland in England. It existed for two separate periods: from 1295 to 1832, and from 1885 to 1918....
in the Long Parliament
Long Parliament
The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and...
of 1640, and appointed a member of the Privy Council of England
Privy Council of England
The Privy Council of England, also known as His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, was a body of advisers to the sovereign of the Kingdom of England...
, but was subsequently excluded for his Royalist sympathies after the outbreak of the English Civil War
English Civil War
The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...
.
He and Lord Inchiquin commanded the forces which defeated the Irish irregular army at the Battle of Liscarroll
Battle of Liscarroll
The Battle of Liscarroll was fought in County Cork in July 1642, at the start of the Eleven years war. An Irish Confederate army around 6000 strong and commanded by Garret Barry – a professional soldier - was defeated by an English force commanded by a Protestant Irishman, Murrough O'Brien, Baron...
on 3 September 1642, thereby preserving the Protestant interest in southern Ireland for the remainder of the decade. A cessation of hostilities was concluded with the Irish a year later (September 15, 1643). He then applied to the King, in December, for consent to bring his regiment to serve him in England, and landed his men near Chester
Chester
Chester is a city in Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77,040 inhabitants, and is the largest and most populous settlement of the wider unitary authority area of Cheshire West and Chester, which had a population of 328,100 according to the...
the following February. He then marched to the King's aid in Dorset
Dorset
Dorset , is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The county town is Dorchester which is situated in the south. The Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch joined the county with the reorganisation of local government in 1974...
, supplying this monarch with large sums of money for his cause.
He fought throughout the Civil War until the final defeat of the Royalist forces. The Commonwealth fined him £1631 sterling and he then went abroad, returning to Ireland at the request of the government, dated January 2, 1651.
Peerages and appointments
Upon the death of his brother Lord Boyle of Kinalmeaky on 2 September 1642, Richard Boyle succeeded as 2nd Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky. King Charles ICharles I of England
Charles I was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles...
thereafter created him Baron Clifford of Lanesborough, in the County of York, on November 4, 1644. He succeeded as 2nd Earl of Cork upon the death of his father on September 15, 1643.
Following the Restoration Lord Cork was appointed a Privy Councillor; and Lord Treasurer of Ireland on 16 November 1660. On February 22, 1660 he was made Custos Rotulorum
Custos rotulorum
Custos rotulorum is the keeper of an English county's records and, by virtue of that office, the highest civil officer in the county...
of the counties of Cork
County Cork
County Cork is a county in Ireland. It is located in the South-West Region and is also part of the province of Munster. It is named after the city of Cork . Cork County Council is the local authority for the county...
and Waterford
County Waterford
*Abbeyside, Affane, Aglish, Annestown, An Rinn, Ardmore*Ballinacourty, Ballinameela, Ballinamult, Ballinroad, Ballybeg, Ballybricken, Ballyduff Lower, Ballyduff Upper, Ballydurn, Ballygunner, Ballylaneen, Ballymacarbry, Ballymacart, Ballynaneashagh, Ballysaggart, Ballytruckle, Bilberry, Bunmahon,...
, and, on March 19, 1660, was appointed one of the Commissioners for the settlement of Ireland following the King's declaration to that effect of November 30, 1659. On June 25, 1661, he took his seat above all the peers, as Lord Treasurer, in the Irish Parliament.
He had a reversionary grant date July 5, 1661, of the command of a troop of horse, and on March 24, 1662, he was made governor of the fort of Harbouling on the river Cork, @ six shillings a day.
King Charles II
Charles II of England
Charles II was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.Charles II's father, King Charles I, was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War...
created him Earl of Burlington on 20 March 1664, and on March 13, 1666, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant
Lord Lieutenant
The title Lord Lieutenant is given to the British monarch's personal representatives in the United Kingdom, usually in a county or similar circumscription, with varying tasks throughout history. Usually a retired local notable, senior military officer, peer or business person is given the post...
of Yorkshire
Yorkshire
Yorkshire is a historic county of northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform...
.
The Earl of Cork with several other noblemen and Bishops of the Church of Ireland
Church of Ireland
The Church of Ireland is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion. The church operates in all parts of Ireland and is the second largest religious body on the island after the Roman Catholic Church...
were opposed to the attempts of King James II
James II of England
James II & VII was King of England and King of Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland...
regarding the restoration of Roman Catholicism and petitioned the King on November 17, 1688 to call a parliament "regular and free in all its circumstances". This petition had a hostile reception from James. Following the arrival of William of Orange
William III of England
William III & II was a sovereign Prince of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau by birth. From 1672 he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic. From 1689 he reigned as William III over England and Ireland...
in England King James removed to Ireland where he called a parliament in 1689, which passed a general act of attainder
Attainder
In English criminal law, attainder or attinctura is the metaphorical 'stain' or 'corruption of blood' which arises from being condemned for a serious capital crime . It entails losing not only one's property and hereditary titles, but typically also the right to pass them on to one's heirs...
against the Protestants, and confiscated their estates, among whom was the earl of Cork. This was overturned by King William the following year.
On March 3, 1691, he was appointed one of the newly incorporated Society of the Royal Fishery in Ireland.
Family and Death
At the age of 22 he married the 21-year-old Lady Elizabeth Clifford, daughter of Henry Clifford, 5th Earl of CumberlandHenry Clifford, 5th Earl of Cumberland
Henry Clifford, 5th Earl of Cumberland was a member of the Clifford family which held the seat of Skipton from 1310 to 1676. He was the son of Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland and Grisold Hughes. He married Frances Cecil , daughter of Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury and Elizabeth Brooke...
, on 5 July 1635 in Skipton Castle
Skipton Castle
Skipton Castle is situated within the town of Skipton, North Yorkshire, England. The castle has been preserved for over 900 years, built in 1090 by Robert de Romille, a Norman baron.- History :...
. They had six children:
- Charles Boyle, Viscount Dungarvan (1639–1694).
- Richard Boyle, who died on 3 June 1665 at the Battle of LowestoftBattle of LowestoftThe naval Battle of Lowestoft took place on 13 June 1665 during the Second Anglo-Dutch War.A fleet of more than a hundred ships of the United Provinces commanded by Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam attacked an English fleet of equal size commanded by James Stuart, Duke of York forty...
. - Frances Boyle.
- Elizabeth Boyle, who married Nicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of ThanetNicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of ThanetNicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of Thanet , styled Lord Tufton until 1664, was an English nobleman.Tufton was the eldest son of John Tufton, 2nd Earl of Thanet, and Lady Margaret, daughter of Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset and Lady Anne Clifford. Through his father he was a great-great-grandson of...
. - Mary Anne Boyle, who married Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of SandwichEdward Montagu, 2nd Earl of SandwichEdward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Sandwich was born in Hinchinbrooke, Huntingdonshire, England to Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich and Jemima Crew. He was styled Viscount Hinchingbrooke from 1660 until his accession in 1672...
. - Henrietta Boyle, who married Lawrence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester.
Lord Burlington died on 6 January 1698 and was buried on 3 February 1698 at Londesborough
Londesborough
Londesborough is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately north of the market town of Market Weighton.The civil parish is formed by the village of Londesborough and the hamlet of Middlethorpe....
in Yorkshire
Yorkshire
Yorkshire is a historic county of northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform...
. He was succeeded by his grandson, Charles Boyle, 2nd Earl of Burlington
Charles Boyle, 2nd Earl of Burlington
Charles Boyle, 3rd Earl of Cork and 2nd Earl of Burlington, 4th Baron Clifford, PC was a peer, courtier and politician....
.