Raymond B. Manning
Encyclopedia
Raymond Brendan Manning was an American carcinologist, specialising in alpha taxonomy
and mantis shrimp
.
. They lived in Bethesda, Maryland
for the duration of the Second World War
, but then returned to Haiti, to live in a house in Port-au-Prince
owned by Raymond's adoptive father. Raymond was sent to a boarding school
in Tampa, Florida
, and studied at the University of Florida
, gaining his B.S.
(1956), M.S.
(1959) and Ph.D.
(1963) degrees from the University of Miami
. While at university, Manning met and married Lilly King, who would be the illustrator
for his scientific papers throughout his life. On completing his doctorate, Manning was immediately appointed an Associate Curator at the Smithsonian Institution
.
s on extant and fossil
stomatopods and decapods
, and a further eight papers have been published posthumously. More than one half of these papers were on stomatopods, with nearly one third being descriptions of new species. A total of 306 species, 153 genera, 5 subfamilies, 19 families and 3 superfamilies were described in papers written or co-written by Manning.
Manning was also an avid field biologist, and his collections, mostly from Florida
, Ascension Island
, and the Mediterranean Basin
, amounted to more than 50,000 specimen
s. The collection of stomatopods he amassed is the largest in the world, and covers 90% of the known species.
Manning was one of the founders of the Crustacean Society, and its first president, and helped to establish the Journal of Crustacean Biology
.
Taxa named by Manning include:
Alpha taxonomy
Alpha taxonomy is the discipline concerned with finding, describing and naming species of living or fossil organisms. This field is supported by institutions holding collections of these organisms, with relevant data, carefully curated: such institutes include natural history museums, herbaria and...
and mantis shrimp
Mantis shrimp
Mantis shrimp or stomatopods are marine crustaceans, the members of the order Stomatopoda. They are neither shrimp nor mantids, but receive their name purely from the physical resemblance to both the terrestrial praying mantis and the shrimp. They may reach in length, although exceptional cases of...
.
Biography
Raymong Manning was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1934, but moved almost immediately with his mother to HaitiHaiti
Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...
. They lived in Bethesda, Maryland
Bethesda, Maryland
Bethesda is a census designated place in southern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, just northwest of Washington, D.C. It takes its name from a local church, the Bethesda Meeting House , which in turn took its name from Jerusalem's Pool of Bethesda...
for the duration of the Second World War
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, but then returned to Haiti, to live in a house in Port-au-Prince
Port-au-Prince
Port-au-Prince is the capital and largest city of the Caribbean nation of Haiti. The city's population was 704,776 as of the 2003 census, and was officially estimated to have reached 897,859 in 2009....
owned by Raymond's adoptive father. Raymond was sent to a boarding school
Boarding school
A boarding school is a school where some or all pupils study and live during the school year with their fellow students and possibly teachers and/or administrators. The word 'boarding' is used in the sense of "bed and board," i.e., lodging and meals...
in Tampa, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Tampa is a city in the U.S. state of Florida. It serves as the county seat for Hillsborough County. Tampa is located on the west coast of Florida. The population of Tampa in 2010 was 335,709....
, and studied at the University of Florida
University of Florida
The University of Florida is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university located on a campus in Gainesville, Florida. The university traces its historical origins to 1853, and has operated continuously on its present Gainesville campus since September 1906...
, gaining his B.S.
Bachelor of Science
A Bachelor of Science is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years .-Australia:In Australia, the BSc is a 3 year degree, offered from 1st year on...
(1956), M.S.
Master of Science
A Master of Science is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in the sciences including the social sciences.-Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay:...
(1959) and Ph.D.
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
(1963) degrees from the University of Miami
University of Miami
The University of Miami is a private, non-sectarian university founded in 1925 with its main campus in Coral Gables, Florida, a medical campus in Miami city proper at Civic Center, and an oceanographic research facility on Virginia Key., the university currently enrolls 15,629 students in 12...
. While at university, Manning met and married Lilly King, who would be the illustrator
Illustrator
An Illustrator is a narrative artist who specializes in enhancing writing by providing a visual representation that corresponds to the content of the associated text...
for his scientific papers throughout his life. On completing his doctorate, Manning was immediately appointed an Associate Curator at the Smithsonian Institution
Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution is an educational and research institute and associated museum complex, administered and funded by the government of the United States and by funds from its endowment, contributions, and profits from its retail operations, concessions, licensing activities, and magazines...
.
Scientific career
Manning was "an extremely productive carcinologist"; during his lifetime, he produced 282 scientific papers and monographMonograph
A monograph is a work of writing upon a single subject, usually by a single author.It is often a scholarly essay or learned treatise, and may be released in the manner of a book or journal article. It is by definition a single document that forms a complete text in itself...
s on extant and fossil
Fossil
Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past...
stomatopods and decapods
Decapoda
The decapods or Decapoda are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns and shrimp. Most decapods are scavengers. It is estimated that the order contains nearly 15,000 species in around 2,700 genera, with...
, and a further eight papers have been published posthumously. More than one half of these papers were on stomatopods, with nearly one third being descriptions of new species. A total of 306 species, 153 genera, 5 subfamilies, 19 families and 3 superfamilies were described in papers written or co-written by Manning.
Manning was also an avid field biologist, and his collections, mostly from Florida
Florida
Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...
, Ascension Island
Ascension Island
Ascension Island is an isolated volcanic island in the equatorial waters of the South Atlantic Ocean, around from the coast of Africa and from the coast of South America, which is roughly midway between the horn of South America and Africa...
, and the Mediterranean Basin
Mediterranean Basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have a Mediterranean climate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation...
, amounted to more than 50,000 specimen
Specimen
A specimen is a portion/quantity of material for use in testing, examination, or study.BiologyA laboratory specimen is an individual animal, part of an animal, a plant, part of a plant, or a microorganism, used as a representative to study the properties of the whole population of that species or...
s. The collection of stomatopods he amassed is the largest in the world, and covers 90% of the known species.
Manning was one of the founders of the Crustacean Society, and its first president, and helped to establish the Journal of Crustacean Biology
Journal of Crustacean Biology
The Journal of Crustacean Biology is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of carcinology . It is produced by The Crustacean Society and, since 2005, the editor-in-chief has been Frederick Schram. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2009 impact factor was 0.974....
.
Taxa
Raymond Manning is commemorated in a number of scientific names of genera and species:- Acanthosquilla manningi Makarov, 1978
- Acoridon manningi Adkison, Heard & Hopkins, 1983
- Alain raymondi Ahyong & Ng, 2008
- Arcotheres rayi Ahyong & Ng, 2007
- Calaxiopsis manningi Komai, 2000
- Calaxius manningi Kensley, Lin, & Yu, 2000
- Cambarus manningi Hobbs, 1981
- Cyclodorippe manningi Tavares, 1993
- Eumanningia Crosnier, 2000
- Eumanningia pliarthron Crosnier, 2000
- Eunephrops manningiEunephrops manningiEunephrops manningi, the banded lobster, is a species of lobster found in the Florida Straits and off the coast of Anguilla. It was named in 1974 by Lipke Holthuis after his good friend Raymond B. Manning. It grows to a length of and lives at depths of...
(Holthuis, 1975) - Grynaminna Poore, 2000
- Holothuria mannigi Pawson, 1978
- Lepidophthalmus manningi Felder & Staton, 2000
- Lithodes manningi Macpherson, 1988
- Lysiosquilla manningi Boyko, 2000
- Manningia raymondi Bruce, 1986
- Manningia Serène, 1960
- Manningiana Pretzmann, 1972
- Manningis Al-Khayat & Jones, 1996
- Microprosthema manningi Goy & Felder, 1988
- Nannosquilla raymanningi Salgado-Barragán & Hendrickx, 1998
- Nanogalathea raymondi Tirmizi, 1980
- Naushonia manningi Akvarez, Villalobos, & Iliffe
- Neonesidea manningi Maddocks, 1975
- Oratosquillina manningi Ahyong, Chan & Liao, 2000
- Oxyrhynchaxius manningi Lin, Kensley, & Chan, 2000
- Paralomis manningi Williams, Smith, & Baco, 2000
- Pontonia manningi Fransen, 2000
- Raninella manningi Bishops & Williams, 2000
- Raylilia Galil, 2001
- Raymanninus Ng, 2000
- RaymunidaRaymunidaRaymunida is a genus of squat lobsters in the family Galatheidae, containing the following species:* Raymunida bellior * Raymunida cagnetei Macpherson & Machordom, 2000* Raymunida confundens Macpherson & Machordom, 2001...
Macpherson & Machordam, 2000 - Raysquilla manningi Ahyong, 2000
- Raysquilla Ahyong, 2000
- Raytheres Campos, 2002
- Sergia manningorum Froglia & Gramitto, 2000
- Thor manningi Chace, 1972
- Trizocheles manningi Forest, 1986
- Typton manningi Bruce, 2000
- Uroptychus raymondi Baba, 2000
Taxa named by Manning include:
- AcantholambrusAcantholambrusAcantholambrus is an extinct genus of crustacean. It contains the single species Acantholambrus baumi, and was named by Blow and Manning in 1996.-External links:* at the Paleobiology Database...
Manning, 1980 - Acantholambrus baumi Blow & Manning, 1996
- BiffariusBiffariusBiffarius is a genus of ghost shrimp in the family Callianassidae, containing species formerly included in the genus Callianassa. Its members are small and generally live in the intertidal zone. Biffarius was named in honour of Thomas A...
Manning & Felder, 1991 - Chaceon fenneri (Manning & Holthuis, 1984)
- ErythrosquillaErythrosquillaErythrosquilla is a genus of mantis shrimp, placed in its own family and superfamily comprising two species:*Erythrosquilla hamano Ahyong, 2001*Erythrosquilla megalops Manning & Bruce, 1984...
Manning & Bruce, 1984 - Erythrosquilla megalops Manning & Bruce, 1984
- Erythrosquillidae Manning & Bruce, 1984
- Erythrosquilloidea Manning & Bruce, 1984
- EurysquillidaeEurysquillidaeEurysquillidae is a family of mantis shrimp. Formerly placed in the superfamily Gonodactyloidea, it has since been recognised that eurysquillids are closer to families in the Squilloidea, and so Eurysquillidae has been placed in its own superfamily, Eurysquilloidea...
Manning, 1977 - Eurysquilloidea Manning, 1977
- NeotrypaeaNeotrypaeaNeotrypaea is a genus of ghost shrimp in the family Callianassidae, containing the following five species:*Neotrypaea biffari *Neotrypaea californiensis *Neotrypaea gigas...
Manning & Felder, 1991 - OdontodactylidaeOdontodactylidaeOdontodactylus is a genus of mantis shrimp, the only genus in the family Odontodactylidae.Mantis shrimp of the genus Odontodactylus can not only detect circular polarisation of light, but can polarise light reflecting off their telson and uropods....
Manning, 1980 - ParasquillidaeParasquillidaeParasquillidae is a family of mantis shrimp containing the three genera Faughnia, Parasquilla and Pseudosquillopsis. It was previously included in the superfamily Gonodactyloidea, but that group was found to be paraphyletic, and a new superfmaily, Parasquilloidea was erected....
Manning, 1995 - Parhippolyte sterreri (Hart & Manning, 1981)
- PlatysquillaPlatysquillaPlatysquilla is a genus of mantis shrimp erected in 1967 by Raymond Manning for species previously included in Lysiosquilla....
Manning, 1967 - Procarididae Chace & Manning, 1972
- ProcaridoideaProcaridoideaProcaridoidea is a superfamily of shrimp, comprising only eleven species. Six of these are in the genera Procaris and Vetericaris, which together make up the family Procarididae. The remaining five species are only known from fossils and belong to the genus Udora, which cannot yet be assigned to...
Chace & Manning, 1972 - ProcarisProcarisProcaris is a genus of shrimp in the family Procarididae. It contains the following species:*Procaris ascensionis Chace & Manning, 1972*Procaris chacei Hart & Manning, 1986*Procaris hawaiana Holthuis, 1973...
Chace & Manning, 1972 - Procaris ascensionisProcaris ascensionisProcaris ascensionis is an species of shrimp, known only from two saltwater pools on Ascension Island; the larger of the two pools is about in diameter and contains of water....
Chace & Manning, 1972 - Procaris chaceiProcaris chaceiProcaris chacei is a species of shrimp in the family Procarididae. It is endemic to Bermuda.-Source:* Iliffe, T.M. 1996. . Downloaded on 10 August 2007....
Hart & Manning, 1986 - RissoidesRissoidesRissoides is a genus of mantis shrimp. It is named after Antoine Risso, and includes the following species:*Rissoides africanus *Rissoides barnardi *Rissoides calypso...
Manning & Lewinsohn, 1982 - Somersiella Hart & Manning, 1981
- TetrasquillaTetrasquillaTetrasquilla is a genus of mantis shrimp containing a single species, Tetrasquilla mccullochae. It is the only known pantropical stomatopod. The specific epithet commemorates Dr. Irene A. McCulloch, professor of zoology of the University of Southern California....
Manning & Chace, 1990 - TetrasquillidaeTetrasquillidaeTetrasquillidae is a family of mantis shrimp containing eight genera:*Acaenosquilla Manning, 1991*Allosquilla Manning, 1977*Heterosquilla Manning, 1963*Heterosquilloides Manning, 1966*Heterosquillopsis Moosa, 1991...
Manning & Camp, 1993 - Typhlatya iliffei Hart & Manning, 1981
- Typhlatya rogersi Chace & Manning, 1972