Pyotr Lomako
Encyclopedia
Pyotr Faddeyevich Lomako (12 July 1904 – 27 May 1990) was a Soviet
politician
and economist
, head of Gosplan
between 1962 and 1965. During the Second World War, he was responsible for overseeing the evacuation of Soviet industry to the Ural mountains
. He was a six-time recipient of the Order of Lenin
, and also received the Hero of Socialist Labor
medal.
: 29 June) in Temryuk
, Krasnodar
. He studied for three years at the Plekhanov Institute of the National Economy
before graduating in 1932 from the Moscow
Institute of Nonferrous Metals and Gold. Between 1932 and 1939 he worked as an industrial manager: as a foreman, master, chief of shop, and then assistant to the chief engineer of a factory in Leningrad
, and then from 1937 as director of a nonferrous metals factory in the Ivanovo
region.
in 1925. In 1939 he was made an assistant to the People's Commissar (Narkom) for Nonferrous Metallurgy, and in 1940 he was promoted to the post of Narkom. Lomako was a Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, being elected in the 2nd and the 4th through 8th elections to the body, serving between 1946 and 1950 and 1954 to 1989.
for Nonferrous Metallurgy until 1948. Between 1948 and 1950, he served as Deputy Minister for the Iron
and Steel
Industry. He was returned to original portfolio as a Minister in 1950, and then made Deputy Minister for Iron and Steel once again in 1951, before serving for a third time as Minister for Nonferrous Metallurgy between 1954 and 1957.
In 1957 Lomako left Sovmin, becoming Chairman of the Krasnoyarsk
People's Economic Soviet, a position he held until 1961.
. At the 22nd Congress of the CPSU
in 1961, he was elected as a member, and became Vice-President of the RSFSR Bureau of the Committee, where he served until 1962.
Lomako was deselected from the Central Committee at the 25th Party Congress
in 1976.
, the State Planning Committee, on 24 November 1962. Lomako oversaw the transitional period between Nikita Khrushchev
and Leonid Brezhnev
, and was therefore responsible for coordinating the Soviet economy at a time of economic uncertainty. As Lomako was also Deputy Chairman of Sovmin during this period, he fell under the direct influence of Alexei Kosygin, the reformist Premier.
Lomako was responsible for coordinating a reformist economic policy, and is argued by contemporary Western analysts such as G. W. Simmonds to have been removed by Brezhnev in 1965 as part of a bid to weaken Kosygin's power and reintroduce economic conservatism.
After his removal from Gosplan, Lomako served as Minister for Non-Ferrous Metallurgy until 1985. He died in 1990 at the age of 85.
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
and economist
Economist
An economist is a professional in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy...
, head of Gosplan
Gosplan
Gosplan or State Planning Committee was the committee responsible for economic planning in the Soviet Union. The word "Gosplan" is an abbreviation for Gosudarstvenniy Komitet po Planirovaniyu...
between 1962 and 1965. During the Second World War, he was responsible for overseeing the evacuation of Soviet industry to the Ural mountains
Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains , or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan. Their eastern side is usually considered the natural boundary between Europe and Asia...
. He was a six-time recipient of the Order of Lenin
Order of Lenin
The Order of Lenin , named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was the highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union...
, and also received the Hero of Socialist Labor
Hero of Socialist Labor
Hero of Socialist Labour was an honorary title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries. It was the highest degree of distinction for exceptional achievements in national economy and culture...
medal.
Early life
Pyotr Lomako was born to a family of peasant laborers on 12 July 1904 (O.S.Julian calendar
The Julian calendar began in 45 BC as a reform of the Roman calendar by Julius Caesar. It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year .The Julian calendar has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months...
: 29 June) in Temryuk
Temryuk
Temryuk is the largest town and the administrative center of Temryuksky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Taman peninsula on the right bank of the Kuban River not far from its entry into the Temryuk Bay, amid a field of mud volcanoes. The seaport of Temryuk is situated from the...
, Krasnodar
Krasnodar
Krasnodar is a city in Southern Russia, located on the Kuban River about northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. It is the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai . Population: -Name:...
. He studied for three years at the Plekhanov Institute of the National Economy
Plekhanov Russian Academy of Economics
Plekhanov Russian Economic University is a public university located in Moscow, Russia. The university is one of the largest Russian economic institutes of higher education and a member of several international university bodies, such as the European University Association and the European...
before graduating in 1932 from the Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
Institute of Nonferrous Metals and Gold. Between 1932 and 1939 he worked as an industrial manager: as a foreman, master, chief of shop, and then assistant to the chief engineer of a factory in Leningrad
Leningrad
Leningrad is the former name of Saint Petersburg, Russia.Leningrad may also refer to:- Places :* Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject of Russia, around Saint Petersburg* Leningrad, Tajikistan, capital of Muminobod district in Khatlon Province...
, and then from 1937 as director of a nonferrous metals factory in the Ivanovo
Ivanovo
Ivanovo is a city and the administrative center of Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. Population: Ivanovo has traditionally been called the textile capital of Russia. Since most textile workers are women, it has also been known as the "City of Brides"...
region.
Political career
Lomako joined the Communist PartyCommunist Party of the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the only legal, ruling political party in the Soviet Union and one of the largest communist organizations in the world...
in 1925. In 1939 he was made an assistant to the People's Commissar (Narkom) for Nonferrous Metallurgy, and in 1940 he was promoted to the post of Narkom. Lomako was a Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, being elected in the 2nd and the 4th through 8th elections to the body, serving between 1946 and 1950 and 1954 to 1989.
Second World War
As an industrial Narkom, Lomako played an important role in maintaining Soviet industry after the outbreak of war in 1941. In particular, he was responsible for managing the mass evacuation of Soviet industry to the Ural mountains.Post-War
Following the Second World War, Lomako remained Narkom and subsequently MinisterMinister (government)
A minister is a politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional government. Senior ministers are members of the cabinet....
for Nonferrous Metallurgy until 1948. Between 1948 and 1950, he served as Deputy Minister for the Iron
Iron
Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element forming the planet Earth as a whole, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust...
and Steel
Steel
Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten...
Industry. He was returned to original portfolio as a Minister in 1950, and then made Deputy Minister for Iron and Steel once again in 1951, before serving for a third time as Minister for Nonferrous Metallurgy between 1954 and 1957.
In 1957 Lomako left Sovmin, becoming Chairman of the Krasnoyarsk
Krasnoyarsk
Krasnoyarsk is a city and the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River. It is the third largest city in Siberia, with the population of 973,891. Krasnoyarsk is an important junction of the Trans-Siberian Railway and one of Russia's largest producers of...
People's Economic Soviet, a position he held until 1961.
Party career
Lomako was a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU at the 19th and 20th Congresses of the CPSU20th Congress of the CPSU
The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was held during 14– 25 February 1956. It is known especially for Nikita Khrushchev's "Secret Speech", which denounced the personality cult and dictatorship of Joseph Stalin....
. At the 22nd Congress of the CPSU
22nd Congress of the CPSU
The 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was held from October 17 to October 31, 1961. In fourteen days of sessions , 4,413 delegates, in addition to delegates from 83 foreign Communist parties, listened to Nikita Khrushchev and others review policy issues...
in 1961, he was elected as a member, and became Vice-President of the RSFSR Bureau of the Committee, where he served until 1962.
Lomako was deselected from the Central Committee at the 25th Party Congress
25th Congress of the CPSU
The 25th congress of the Communist party of the USSR met in Moscow from February 24 to March 5 1976. The general secretary of the party Leonid Brezhnev greeted 4,998 Soviet delegates and representatives from 96 foreign countries. Among Communist-ruled nations, only the People's Republic of China...
in 1976.
Chairman of Gosplan
Pyotr Lomako was selected to succeed Veniamin Dymshits as Chairman of GosplanGosplan
Gosplan or State Planning Committee was the committee responsible for economic planning in the Soviet Union. The word "Gosplan" is an abbreviation for Gosudarstvenniy Komitet po Planirovaniyu...
, the State Planning Committee, on 24 November 1962. Lomako oversaw the transitional period between Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964...
and Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev – 10 November 1982) was the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , presiding over the country from 1964 until his death in 1982. His eighteen-year term as General Secretary was second only to that of Joseph Stalin in...
, and was therefore responsible for coordinating the Soviet economy at a time of economic uncertainty. As Lomako was also Deputy Chairman of Sovmin during this period, he fell under the direct influence of Alexei Kosygin, the reformist Premier.
Lomako was responsible for coordinating a reformist economic policy, and is argued by contemporary Western analysts such as G. W. Simmonds to have been removed by Brezhnev in 1965 as part of a bid to weaken Kosygin's power and reintroduce economic conservatism.
After his removal from Gosplan, Lomako served as Minister for Non-Ferrous Metallurgy until 1985. He died in 1990 at the age of 85.
Sources
- (in Russian) "Lomako, Pyotr Fadeyevich" in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd edition, Moscow 1972.
- (in Russian) Biography at Khronos, accessed 7 July 2009