Princess Alicia of Bourbon-Parma
Encyclopedia
Infanta Alicia, Dowager Duchess of Calabria (née
NEE
NEE is a political protest group whose goal was to provide an alternative for voters who are unhappy with all political parties at hand in Belgium, where voting is compulsory.The NEE party was founded in 2005 in Antwerp...
: Princess of Bourbon-Parma; given names: Alicia Maria Teresa Francesca Luisa Pia Anna Valeria; born 13 November 1917) is a daughter of Elias, Duke of Parma and Piacenza
Elias, Duke of Parma
Elias, Duke of Parma and Piacenza was the head of the House of Bourbon-Parma and pretender to the defunct throne of Parma between 1950 and 1959...
and his wife Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria
Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1882–1940)
Archduchess Maria Anna Isabelle Epiphanie Eugenie Gabriele of Austria, full German name: Maria Anna Isabelle Epiphanie Eugenie Gabriele, Erzherzogin von Österreich was a member of the Teschen branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and an Archduchess of Austria and...
. Alicia was Duchess of Calabria through her marriage to Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria was one of two claimants to the title of the head of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies from 1960 until his death in 1964...
(1901–1964). From 1936 she is infanta of Spain. She was born in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
.
Marriage and issue
Alicia married Infante Alfonso, Duke of CalabriaInfante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria was one of two claimants to the title of the head of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies from 1960 until his death in 1964...
(30 November 1901 - 3 February 1964),her second cousin and the eldest child and son of Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
Don Carlos, Prince of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Infante of Spain was the son of Prince Alfonso of the Two...
and his wife Mercedes, Princess of Asturias
Mercedes, Princess of Asturias
Infanta María de las Mercedes of Spain , Princess of the Asturias, for all 24 years of her life the heiress presumptive to the Crown of Spain, was the eldest daughter of King Alfonso XII of Spain and his second wife, Maria Christina of Austria.For a period from...
, on 16 April 1936 in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
. Alicia and Alfonso had three children:
- Princess Teresa of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (born 6 February 1937) ∞ Inigo Moreno y Artega, Marques de Laula on 16 April 1961 in MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, SpainSpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
- Rodrigo Moreno y de Borbón (born 1 February 1962)
- Alicia Moreno y de Borbón (born 6 June 1964) ∞ José Luis Hernández y Eraso
- Iñigo Hernández y Moreno (born 2000)
- Alejandra Hernández y Moreno (born 2000)
- Alfonso Moreno y de Borbón (born 19 October 1965) ∞ Marta Calvo y Molezún
- Iñigo Moreno y Calvo (born 2001)
- Lucía Moreno y Calvo (born 2003)
- Beatriz Moreno y de Borbón (born 10 May 1967) ∞ Lucas Urquijo y Fernandez-Araoz
- Teresa Urquijo y Moreno (born on October 1996)
- Juan Urquijo y Moreno (born 1999)
- Fernando Moreno y de Borbón (born 8 July 1969 - died in a motorcycle accident on May 2011)
- Clara Moreno y de Borbón (born 14 June 1971)
- Delia Moreno y de Borbón (born 30 August 1972) ∞ Álvaro de Ledesma y Sanchiz
- Alicia de Ledesma y Moreno (born 2009)
- Enrique de Ledesma y Moreno (born 2010)
- Infante Carlos, Duke of CalabriaInfante Carlos, Duke of CalabriaInfante Carlos of Spain, Prince of the Two Sicilies, Duke of Calabria, KOGF, KGCHS is the son of Don Alfonso of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duke of Calabria and Princess Alicia of Bourbon-Parma .-Biography:Infante Carlos is one of two claimants of the dignity of...
(born 16 January 1938) ∞ Princess Anne of Orléans on 12 May 1965 in DreuxDreuxDreux is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.-History:Dreux was known in ancient times as Durocassium, the capital of the Durocasses Celtic tribe. Despite the legend, its name was not related with Druids. The Romans established here a fortified camp known as Castrum...
, FranceFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
- Princess Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (born 15 March 1966)
- Princess María of Bourbon-Two SiciliesPrincess María of Bourbon-Two SiciliesArchduchess María of Austria is a Princess of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and the wife of Archduke Simeon of Austria.-Family:...
(born 5 April 1967) - Prince Pedro, Duke of NotoPrince Pedro, Duke of NotoPedro of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duke of Noto is the son of Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria and his wife Princess Anne of Orléans.-Background:...
(born 16 October 1968) - Princess Inés María of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (born 20 April 1971)
- Princess Victoria of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (born 24 May 1976)
- Princess Inés Maria of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (born 18 February 1940) ∞ Don Luis de Morales y Aguado on 21 January 1965 in MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, SpainSpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
- Isabel de Morales y de Borbón (born 10 April 1966) ∞ Joaquín Galán y Otamendi
- Carlota Galán y de Morales (born 1998)
- Inés Galán y de Morales (born 2000)
- Eugenia de Morales y de Borbón (born 14 December 1967) ∞ Iñigo Valdenebro y García de Polavieja
- Gonzalo Valdenebro y de Morales (born 1998)
- Jimena Valdenebro y de Morales (born 2002)
- Sonia de Morales y de Borbón (born 9 December 1969) ∞ Alejandro García-Atance y Leurquín
- Alfonso Romero y de Morales (born 1989) son of Santiago Romero Jiménez
- Iñigo García-Atance y de Morales (born 2000)
- Sofía García-Atance y de Morales (born 2001)
- Manuel de Morales y de Borbón (born 16 December 1971) ∞ Emma Ruiz de Azcárate y García de Lomas
- Luis de Morales y Ruiz de Azcárate (born 2006)
- Mencia de Morales y de Borbón (born 25 November 1976)
- Isabel de Morales y de Borbón (born 10 April 1966) ∞ Joaquín Galán y Otamendi
Heiress to thrones
Infanta Alicia is heiress to the throne of the Kingdom of NavarreKingdom of Navarre
The Kingdom of Navarre , originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a European kingdom which occupied lands on either side of the Pyrenees alongside the Atlantic Ocean....
if its traditional succession law (male-preference primogeniture
Primogeniture
Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings . Historically, the term implied male primogeniture, to the exclusion of females...
) is followed, according to her son's official website.
If France had adopted male-preference primogeniture before the death of Henri, comte de Chambord
Henri, comte de Chambord
Henri, comte de Chambord was disputedly King of France from 2 to 9 August 1830 as Henry V, although he was never officially proclaimed as such...
, she would also be the current pretender to the French throne. This line follows the Count of Chambord's older sister, Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois, mother of Robert I, Duke of Parma
Robert I, Duke of Parma
Robert I was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 to 1859, when the duchy was annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont during the unification of Italy...
, father of Elias, Duke of Parma
Elias, Duke of Parma
Elias, Duke of Parma and Piacenza was the head of the House of Bourbon-Parma and pretender to the defunct throne of Parma between 1950 and 1959...
, father of Infanta Alicia.
As the heir-general of Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days...
and Maria Theresa of Spain
Maria Theresa of Spain
Maria Theresa of Austria was the daughter of Philip IV, King of Spain and Elizabeth of France. Maria Theresa was Queen of France as wife of King Louis XIV and mother of the Grand Dauphin, an ancestor of the last four Bourbon kings of France.-Early life:Born as Infanta María Teresa of Spain at the...
, Infanta Alicia is also the representative of the ancient kings of Castile
Kingdom of Castile
Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. It emerged as a political autonomous entity in the 9th century. It was called County of Castile and was held in vassalage from the Kingdom of León. Its name comes from the host of castles constructed in the region...
, Aragon
Kingdom of Aragon
The Kingdom of Aragon was a medieval and early modern kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain...
, Naples and Sicily
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, commonly known as the Two Sicilies even before formally coming into being, was the largest and wealthiest of the Italian states before Italian unification...
. Thus her son Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria will at her death not only be the direct senior genealogical representative of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies but also of the longest reigning dynasty in Naples and Sicily, which ruled Sicily from 1282 and Naples from 1442, until 1700 with the death of King Charles II of Spain who ruled both kingdoms through a viceroy
Viceroy
A viceroy is a royal official who runs a country, colony, or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning "in the place of" and the French word roi, meaning king. A viceroy's province or larger territory is called a viceroyalty...
when the two thrones passed temporarily to the Habsburgs and Savoys until restored to the Bourbons, as heirs of the ancient kings, in 1734.
If the marriage of Maria Beatrice of Savoy
Maria Beatrice of Savoy
Maria Beatrice of Savoy was a Princess of Savoy and Duchess of Modena by marriage. She was also the Jacobite Pretender from 1824 until her death.-Biography:...
to her uncle is counted as illegal, then Alicia, as heir of Maria Beatrice's next sister, would be the Jacobite pretender
Jacobite succession
The Jacobite succession is the line through which the crown in pretence of England and Scotland has descended since the flight of James II & VII from London at the time of the Glorious Revolution...
to the thrones of England
Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a sovereign state to the northwest of continental Europe. At its height, the Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and several smaller outlying islands; what today comprises the legal jurisdiction of England...
, Scotland
Kingdom of Scotland
The Kingdom of Scotland was a Sovereign state in North-West Europe that existed from 843 until 1707. It occupied the northern third of the island of Great Britain and shared a land border to the south with the Kingdom of England...
, France
English claims to the French throne
The English claims to the French throne have a long and complex history between the 1340s and the 19th century.From 1340 to 1801, with only brief intervals in 1360-1369 and 1420–1422, the kings and queens of England, and after the Acts of Union in 1707 the kings and queens of Great Britain, also...
and Ireland
Kingdom of Ireland
The Kingdom of Ireland refers to the country of Ireland in the period between the proclamation of Henry VIII as King of Ireland by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 and the Act of Union in 1800. It replaced the Lordship of Ireland, which had been created in 1171...
. However, English and Scots law in 1688 (after which point Jacobites must admit it to be static, as changes would require the approval of the monarch, who they hold is not the person actually on the throne) stated that a marriage contracted outside of the realms was not challenged if it was legal in its own land; thus, since Maria Beatrice and her mother's brother Francis IV, Duke of Modena
Francis IV, Duke of Modena
Francis IV Joseph Charles Ambrose Stanislaus was Duke of Modena, Reggio, and Mirandola , Duke of Massa and Prince of Carrara , Archduke of Austria-Este, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece...
received the Pope
Pope
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...
's consent to marry, Alicia's claim is weak.
She is also the heir-general of both Stephen of England
Stephen of England
Stephen , often referred to as Stephen of Blois , was a grandson of William the Conqueror. He was King of England from 1135 to his death, and also the Count of Boulogne by right of his wife. Stephen's reign was marked by the Anarchy, a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda...
and John of Scotland
John of Scotland
John Balliol , known to the Scots as Toom Tabard , was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296.-Early life:Little of John's early life is known. He was born between 1248 and 1250 at an unknown location, possibilities include Galloway, Picardy and Barnard Castle, County Durham...
; through the latter's descent from Saint Margaret of Scotland
Saint Margaret of Scotland
Saint Margaret of Scotland , also known as Margaret of Wessex and Queen Margaret of Scotland, was an English princess of the House of Wessex. Born in exile in Hungary, she was the sister of Edgar Ætheling, the short-ruling and uncrowned Anglo-Saxon King of England...
, she also represents the line of the English kings descended from Egbert of Wessex
Egbert of Wessex
Egbert was King of Wessex from 802 until his death in 839. His father was Ealhmund of Kent...
.
Titles, styles, honours and arms
- HRH Princess Alicia of Bourbon-Parma (1917–1936)
- HRH Princess Alicia of the Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Infanta of Spain (1936–1960)
- HRH The Duchess of CalabriaDuchess of CalabriaDuchess of Calabria was the traditional title of the wife of the heir apparent of the Kingdom of Naples after the accession of Robert of Naples. It was also adopted by the heads of certain Houses that had once claimed the Kingdom of Naples in lieu of the royal title.There are at present two...
(1960–1964)- Pretender: HM The Queen of the Two Sicilies
- HRH The Dowager Duchess of Calabria (1964–present)
- Pretender: HM The Dowager Queen of the Two Sicilies
- Pretender: HM The Queen of Navarre
Honours
- Dame of the Royal Order of Maria LuisaOrder of Queen Maria LuisaThe Royal Order of Queen María Luisa is an Order created by Charles IV of Spain by royal decree in April 21 1792 at the request of his wife Queen Maria Luisa, to have a way to reward noble women who distinguished themselves for their services and talents, so it was established as a distinction...
- Dame Grand Cross of Justice of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint GeorgeSacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint GeorgeThe Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George is a Roman Catholic order of chivalry. It was fictively established by Constantine the Great, though in reality it was founded between 1520 and 1545 by two brothers of the Angeli Comneni family. Members of the Angeli Comneni family remained...