Philipp Apian
Encyclopedia
Apian
Apian or Apianus may refer to:*19139 Apian, asteroid named after Peter Apian*Apianus , on the Moon named after Peter ApianPeople:*Apian or Aphian, Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint...
(14 September 1531 – 15 November 1589) was a German
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
mathematician
Mathematician
A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....
and medic
Medic
Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine, especially emergency or first-response medicine, such as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or a military member trained in battlefield medicine. Also the term is used toward a Nurse in pre-hospital care and/or emergency...
. The son of Petrus Apianus
Petrus Apianus
Petrus Apianus , also known as Peter Apian, was a German humanist, known for his works in mathematics, astronomy and cartography.The lunar crater Apianus and minor planet 19139 Apian are named in his honour....
(1495–1552) is also known as the cartographer of Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
.
Life
He was born in IngolstadtIngolstadt
Ingolstadt is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is located along the banks of the Danube River, in the center of Bavaria. As at 31 March 2011, Ingolstadt had 125.407 residents...
as Philipp Bienewitz (or Bennewitz
Bennewitz
Bennewitz is a municipality in the Leipzig district in Saxony, Germany....
). At age eleven, the son of mathematician
Mathematician
A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....
, astronomer
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist who studies celestial bodies such as planets, stars and galaxies.Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using...
and cartographer Peter Apian started to study mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt
University of Ingolstadt
The University of Ingolstadt was founded in 1472 by Louis the Rich, the Duke of Bavaria at the time, and its first Chancellor was the Bishop of Eichstätt. It consisted of five faculties: humanities, sciences, theology, law and medicine, all of which were contained in the Hoheschule...
. Later, aged 18, he studied in Burgundy, Paris and Bourges
Bourges
Bourges is a city in central France on the Yèvre river. It is the capital of the department of Cher and also was the capital of the former province of Berry.-History:...
.
Returning in 1552 he became professor. As a Protestant he had to leave in 1569 due to Jesuits and the counter reformation. At the University of Tübingen he lectured for 14 years until he lost this position in 1583 for refusing to negate Calvinism
Calvinism
Calvinism is a Protestant theological system and an approach to the Christian life...
. He died in Tübingen
Tübingen
Tübingen is a traditional university town in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, on a ridge between the Neckar and Ammer rivers.-Geography:...
.
Cartography
In 1554, Duke Albrecht of BavariaAlbrecht of Bavaria
*Albert I, Duke of Bavaria*Albert V, Duke of Bavaria *Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria*Albert II, Duke of Bavaria...
orders Apian to create a map of Bavaria for the Bairische Chronik of Johannes Aventinus
Johannes Aventinus
Johannes Aventinus was a Bavarian historian and philologist. He wrote Annals of Bavaria, a valuable record of the early history of Germany...
written 1526 to 1533. In seven years, Apian travelled through Oberbayern and Niederbayern, Oberpfalz, Archbishopric Salzburg and Bishopric Eichstätt. After two years work, a 5 x 5 meter sized map in scale
Scale (ratio)
The scale ratio of some sort of model which represents an original proportionally is the ratio of a linear dimension of the model to the same dimension of the original. Examples include a 3-dimensional scale model of a building or the scale drawings of the elevations or plans of a building. In such...
1:45.000 was finished, to be coloured by Bartel Refinger.
Having been in the residence's library since 1563, it was destroyed by a fire in 1782.
Smaller Bairische Landtafeln based on the map were ordered by Philipp Apian in 1566 from Jost Amman
Jost Amman
Jost Amman was a Swiss artist, celebrated chiefly for his woodcuts, done mainly for book illustrations....
as 24 tables of scale 1:144.000 anfertigen. It is said that the accuracy was only surpassed in 19th century and that Napoléon Bonaparte used them when invading Bavaria.
Abraham Ortelius
Abraham Ortelius
thumb|250px|Abraham Ortelius by [[Peter Paul Rubens]]Abraham Ortelius thumb|250px|Abraham Ortelius by [[Peter Paul Rubens]]Abraham Ortelius (Abraham Ortels) thumb|250px|Abraham Ortelius by [[Peter Paul Rubens]]Abraham Ortelius (Abraham Ortels) (April 14, 1527 – June 28,exile in England to take...
published them as ex tabula Philippi Apiani.
Literature
- Hans Wolff (Hg.): Philipp Apian und die Kartographie der Renaissance (Ausstellungskataloge der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek 50) 237 Seiten, Weißenhorn 1989, (Anton H. Konrad Verlag), ISBN 3-87437-282-0
External links
- Bairische Landtaflen, 1568, at BSB.
- ADB
- Peter and Philipp Apian