Patrikas
Encyclopedia
Patrikas Narimantaitis (Russian: Patrikey Glevovich, Патрикей Глебович; Finnish: Patrika Narimantinpoika) was a grandson (or great grandson) of Gediminas who exchanged his lands in and near Starodub
in Siveria for the Korela
and Oreshek fortresses in the Novgorod Republic
. He also founded the town of Yamburg in Ingria
. His male line descendants include the Galitzine
, Kurakin
, and Khovansky
princely houses of Russia.
Patrikas was born about 1340. He died after 1408, which is the date he is mentioned in sources last time. Genealogical literature usually reports that his mother was a khatun
from the Crimea
. An 18th-century author claims that her father was khan Uzbeg Khan
, Batu Khan
's great-great- grandson. Patrikas' wife was named Helena (see ES by Schwennicke; and Ikonnikov).
In the 19th century genealogical literature, there has arisen a controversy who was Patrikas' father: was he a son of Narimantas, or a son of Alexander, himself a son of Narimantas. Some Russian literature chose in the late 19th century to report Alexander as the father, whereas such 20th century standard literature as Ikonnikov and Europäische Stammtafeln continue to report Narimantas as Patrikas' father. The source authored near the lifetime of Patrikas himself, in the 14th-15th centuries, namely the chronicle of Novgorod
, explicitly calls him Patrika son of Narimant when reporting his holding of castles in 1383-1384.
In the 1380s, Patrikas arrived to Novgorod to claim the inheritance of his father, Narimantas. He was ceded the fiefs of Korela
, Oreshek, Koporye
, Luga, and Ladoga
. He held practically all the "Votian land" as a fief from the Novgorod Republic
. The Novgorodians kept the lands of Patrikas as a sort of buffer state
between their republic and Sweden
(see Swedish-Novgorodian Wars
). Patrikas helped fortify the northwestern borders of the trade republic and built the fortress of Yam
in the Luga district.
Europaeus (1859) reports that the commoners folks of Karelia still remembered their former Lithuanian rulers: "These Lithuanians held long ago the land of Karelia under their dominion, and it is still remembered by the local folks. It is said they had a treasury barn in Ilomantsi
, a building with iron doors, where they stored their tax revenues. And there is a tale that during a retreat from a robbing expedition to the borders by these Lithuanians, their one boat, full of silver, wrecked and drowned in Suojärvi."
In 1386, Patrikas helped defend Veliki Novgorod and its territories against the attacks of Dmitry Donskoy, ruler of Moscow, who held Patrikas responsible for inciting the ushkuiniki (pirate) raids along the Volga River
. Two years later, the Novgorodian government (probably under pressure from Moscow) gave the fiefs of Ladoga
and Russa
to another Lithuanian princeling, Lengvenis
, son of Algirdas
. Patrikas continued to rule Korela. In 1396 he went to Veliki Novgorod in order to meet Yuri of Smolensk.
In 1408, the elderly duke Patrikas, accompanied by his younger sons, George and Theodore, was ceremoniously welcomed in Moscow
by its ruler Vasili I (himself son of Dimitri Donskoi). George married Vasili I's daughter and was made his trusted advisor. Duke Patrikas' descendants (such as Daniil Shchenya
and Vassian Patrikeyev
) actually held, during several generations afterwards, estates in the Votian fifth and in the region of Pskov
.
Starodub
Starodub is a town and the administrative center of Starodubsky District of Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Babinets River , southwest of Bryansk. Population: 16,000 .-History:...
in Siveria for the Korela
Korela Fortress
Korela Fortress , at the town of Priozersk, was founded by the Karelians who named the place Käkisalmi.- Origin :...
and Oreshek fortresses in the Novgorod Republic
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a large medieval Russian state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th centuries, centred on the city of Novgorod...
. He also founded the town of Yamburg in Ingria
Ingria
Ingria is a historical region in the eastern Baltic, now part of Russia, comprising the southern bank of the river Neva, between the Gulf of Finland, the Narva River, Lake Peipus in the west, and Lake Ladoga and the western bank of the Volkhov river in the east...
. His male line descendants include the Galitzine
Galitzine
For Orthodox clergyman and theologian, see Alexander Golitzin.The Galitzines are one of the largest and noblest princely houses of Russia. Since the extinction of the Korecki family in the 17th century, the Golitsyns have claimed dynastic seniority in the House of Gediminas...
, Kurakin
Kurakin
Kurakin was a Gediminid Russian princely family and may refer to:*Alexander Kurakin , a Russian diplomat and senator*Alexander Borisovich Kurakin , a Russian statesman and diplomat...
, and Khovansky
Khovansky
Khovansky was a Russian noble family. Notable members of the family include:*Alexander Khovansky , a Russian statesman*Andrey Andreyevich Khovansky , a Russian voyevoda*Andrey Ivanovich Khovansky , a Russian boyar...
princely houses of Russia.
Patrikas was born about 1340. He died after 1408, which is the date he is mentioned in sources last time. Genealogical literature usually reports that his mother was a khatun
Khatun
Khatun is a female title of nobility and alternative to male "khan" prominently used in the First Turkic Empire and in the subsequent Mongol Empire...
from the Crimea
Crimea
Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...
. An 18th-century author claims that her father was khan Uzbeg Khan
Uzbeg Khan
Sultan Mohammed Öz-Beg, better known as Uzbeg or Ozbeg , was the longest-reigning khan of the Golden Horde, under whose rule the state reached its zenith...
, Batu Khan
Batu Khan
Batu Khan was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Ulus of Jochi , the sub-khanate of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. His ulus was the chief state of the Golden Horde , which ruled Rus and the Caucasus for around 250 years, after also destroying the armies...
's great-great- grandson. Patrikas' wife was named Helena (see ES by Schwennicke; and Ikonnikov).
In the 19th century genealogical literature, there has arisen a controversy who was Patrikas' father: was he a son of Narimantas, or a son of Alexander, himself a son of Narimantas. Some Russian literature chose in the late 19th century to report Alexander as the father, whereas such 20th century standard literature as Ikonnikov and Europäische Stammtafeln continue to report Narimantas as Patrikas' father. The source authored near the lifetime of Patrikas himself, in the 14th-15th centuries, namely the chronicle of Novgorod
Novgorod First Chronicle
The Novgorod First Chronicle or The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016-1471 is the most ancient extant chronicle of the Novgorod Republic. It reflects a tradition different from the Kievan Primary Chronicle...
, explicitly calls him Patrika son of Narimant when reporting his holding of castles in 1383-1384.
In the 1380s, Patrikas arrived to Novgorod to claim the inheritance of his father, Narimantas. He was ceded the fiefs of Korela
Korela Fortress
Korela Fortress , at the town of Priozersk, was founded by the Karelians who named the place Käkisalmi.- Origin :...
, Oreshek, Koporye
Koporye
Koporye is a historic village in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located about 100 km to the west of St. Petersburg and 12 km south of the Koporye Bay of the Baltic Sea...
, Luga, and Ladoga
Staraya Ladoga
Staraya Ladoga , or the Aldeigjuborg of Norse sagas, is a village in the Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Volkhov River near Lake Ladoga, 8 km north of the town of Volkhov. The village used to be a prosperous trading outpost in the 8th and 9th centuries...
. He held practically all the "Votian land" as a fief from the Novgorod Republic
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a large medieval Russian state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th centuries, centred on the city of Novgorod...
. The Novgorodians kept the lands of Patrikas as a sort of buffer state
Buffer state
A buffer state is a country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers, which by its sheer existence is thought to prevent conflict between them. Buffer states, when authentically independent, typically pursue a neutralist foreign policy, which distinguishes them from satellite...
between their republic and Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
(see Swedish-Novgorodian Wars
Swedish-Novgorodian Wars
Swedish–Novgorodian Wars were a series of conflicts in the 12th and 13th centuries between the Republic of Novgorod and medieval Sweden over control of the Gulf of Finland, an area vital to the Hanseatic League and part of the Varangian-Byzantine trade route...
). Patrikas helped fortify the northwestern borders of the trade republic and built the fortress of Yam
Kingisepp
Kingisepp , formerly Yamburg , Yam , and Yama , is an ancient town and the administrative center of Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located along the Luga Riverw west of St. Petersburg, east of Narva, and south of the Gulf of Finland...
in the Luga district.
Europaeus (1859) reports that the commoners folks of Karelia still remembered their former Lithuanian rulers: "These Lithuanians held long ago the land of Karelia under their dominion, and it is still remembered by the local folks. It is said they had a treasury barn in Ilomantsi
Ilomantsi
Ilomantsi is municipality and a village of Finland.It is located in the province of Eastern Finland and is part of the North Karelia region. The municipality has a population of and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is...
, a building with iron doors, where they stored their tax revenues. And there is a tale that during a retreat from a robbing expedition to the borders by these Lithuanians, their one boat, full of silver, wrecked and drowned in Suojärvi."
In 1386, Patrikas helped defend Veliki Novgorod and its territories against the attacks of Dmitry Donskoy, ruler of Moscow, who held Patrikas responsible for inciting the ushkuiniki (pirate) raids along the Volga River
Volga River
The Volga is the largest river in Europe in terms of length, discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia, and is widely viewed as the national river of Russia. Out of the twenty largest cities of Russia, eleven, including the capital Moscow, are situated in the Volga's drainage...
. Two years later, the Novgorodian government (probably under pressure from Moscow) gave the fiefs of Ladoga
Novaya Ladoga
Novaya Ladoga is a town in Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the point where the Volkhov River flows into Lake Ladoga, east of St. Petersburg. Population: The Nikolo-Medvedsky Novaya Ladoga is a town in Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located at...
and Russa
Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa is a town in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located south of Veliky Novgorod. It is a wharf on the Polist River in the Lake Ilmen basin. It serves as the administrative center of Starorussky District, although administratively it is not a part of it...
to another Lithuanian princeling, Lengvenis
Lengvenis
Lengvenis was one of the sons of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and the ruler of Great Novgorod Republic . He was known for his skills as a military leader....
, son of Algirdas
Algirdas
Algirdas was a monarch of medieval Lithuania. Algirdas ruled the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1345 to 1377, which chiefly meant monarch of Lithuanians and Ruthenians...
. Patrikas continued to rule Korela. In 1396 he went to Veliki Novgorod in order to meet Yuri of Smolensk.
In 1408, the elderly duke Patrikas, accompanied by his younger sons, George and Theodore, was ceremoniously welcomed in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
by its ruler Vasili I (himself son of Dimitri Donskoi). George married Vasili I's daughter and was made his trusted advisor. Duke Patrikas' descendants (such as Daniil Shchenya
Daniil Shchenya
Prince Daniil Vasiliyevich Shchenya was a leading Russian military leader during the reigns of Ivan III and Vasili III....
and Vassian Patrikeyev
Vassian Patrikeyev
Vassian Patrikeyev, also known as Vassian Kosoy was a Russian ecclesiastic and political figure and writer...
) actually held, during several generations afterwards, estates in the Votian fifth and in the region of Pskov
Pskov
Pskov is an ancient city and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located in the northwest of Russia about east from the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population: -Early history:...
.
Sources and external links
- Ikonnikov, Nicolas F.: La noblesse de Russie part C
- Schwennicke, Detlev: Europaische Stammtafeln : Stammtafeln zur geschichte der europaischen staaten.Neue Folge Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln, vol III/1. Verlag von J. A. Stargardt
- Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands (Foundation for Medieval Genealogy)
- Русский биографический словарь Russki biografitšeski slovar, by Alexander Polovtsov, 1896–1918
- A.J. Europaeus, 1859, Karjalan ajan-tiedot Täysinän rauhaan asti, vuonna 1595, Aschan [www = http://www.salakirjat.net/karjalan_ajan-tiedot.html (in Finnish)]
- (in Russian)
- Chronicle of Novgorod
- Sjöström (2011), Liettuan gediminidien suomensukuiset geneettiset juuret. ISSN 1239-3487, Donelaitis - Donelaitis-seuran, Liettuan Ystävät ryn lehti 1/2011, ss 16..18