Kingisepp
Encyclopedia
Kingisepp formerly Yamburg , Yam , and Yama , is an ancient town and the administrative center of Kingiseppsky District
of Leningrad Oblast
, Russia
, located along the Luga River
w 110 kilometres (68.4 mi) west of St. Petersburg
, 20 kilometres (12.4 mi) east of Narva
, and 49 kilometres (30.4 mi) south of the Gulf of Finland
. Population:
built there a fortress against the Swedes. They called it Yama or Yamsky Gorodok after a Finnic
tribe which lived in the area. The environs of the town are still cited as the main location of speakers of the nearly extinct Ingrian language
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=izh. The citadel withstood sieges by the Teutonic Knights
in 1395 and during the 1444-1448 war.
pyatina of the republic. There were 201 homesteads in the 15th century in the town; its total population can only be evaluated roughly based on the estimates of 3-5 persons per homestead. At the end of the Livonian War
, it was ceded to Sweden
, only to be returned twelve years later, in 1595.
, it again passed to the Swedes, who kept the name which in Swedish orthography became Jama or Jamo. The township was completely destroyed by Russian armies during the war of 1656–8, after which only the citadel remained intact. It is questionable whether the township, with its exclusively Russian townspeople, ever recovered.
(it was first held by the Russians for a month in late 1700). On May 14, 1703, Yam was renamed Yamburg (a German version of the name). Five years later, Peter the Great
granted the town to Alexander Menshikov in his capacity of the Duke of Izhora
. In 1780, Catherine II re-approved with some changes a previously existing coat of arms. Town status was granted in 1784.
reportedly stayed in Yamburg in January 1919, when he ordered the Bolshevik
troops to retake the town of Narva
from Estonian forces
. In October 1919, the anti-Bolshevist
commander, General Nikolai Yudenich captured Yamburg, which marked the beginning of the push by the Northwestern White Army towards Petrograd. However, the Bolsheviki consequently re-captured Yamburg on November 14, 1919. On November 16, 1919, The forces of General Yudenitch were "crowded together in a small space near Yamburg", "in a serious state of disorganization", reported The New York Times
at the time.
n Communist leader Viktor Kingissepp
. It should not be confused with the Estonia
n town of Kuressaare
, formerly Kingissepa.
with: Jõhvi Parish
, Estonia Narvik
, Norway Sassnitz
, Germany Raisio
, Finland
Kingiseppsky District
Kingiseppsky District is an administrative district , one of the 17 in Leningrad Oblast, Russia....
of Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It was established on August 1, 1927, although it was not until 1946 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, located along the Luga River
Luga River
The Luga River -See also:* Shum Gora, an archaeological site near the banks of the river...
w 110 kilometres (68.4 mi) west of St. Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
, 20 kilometres (12.4 mi) east of Narva
Narva
Narva is the third largest city in Estonia. It is located at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, by the Russian border, on the Narva River which drains Lake Peipus.-Early history:...
, and 49 kilometres (30.4 mi) south of the Gulf of Finland
Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland and Estonia all the way to Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn...
. Population:
14th century
The town was first documented in 1384, when the Novgorodians under PatrikasPatrikas
Patrikas Narimantaitis was a grandson of Gediminas who exchanged his lands in and near Starodub in Siveria for the Korela and Oreshek fortresses in the Novgorod Republic. He also founded the town of Yamburg in Ingria...
built there a fortress against the Swedes. They called it Yama or Yamsky Gorodok after a Finnic
Finnic peoples
The Finnic or Fennic peoples were historic ethnic groups who spoke various languages traditionally classified as Finno-Permic...
tribe which lived in the area. The environs of the town are still cited as the main location of speakers of the nearly extinct Ingrian language
Ingrian language
The Ingrian language is a Finnic language spoken by the Izhorians of Ingria. It has approximately 500 speakers left, most of whom are aging...
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=izh. The citadel withstood sieges by the Teutonic Knights
Teutonic Knights
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem , commonly the Teutonic Order , is a German medieval military order, in modern times a purely religious Catholic order...
in 1395 and during the 1444-1448 war.
16th century
The town became the most important economic center of the VodskayaVotes
Votes are a people of Votia in Ingria, the part of modern day northwestern Russia that is roughly southwest of Saint Petersburg and east of the Estonian border-town of Narva. Their own ethnic name is Vadjalain . The Finnic Votic language spoken by Votes is close to extinction. Votians were one of...
pyatina of the republic. There were 201 homesteads in the 15th century in the town; its total population can only be evaluated roughly based on the estimates of 3-5 persons per homestead. At the end of the Livonian War
Livonian War
The Livonian War was fought for control of Old Livonia in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia when the Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of Denmark–Norway, the Kingdom of Sweden, the Union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.During the period 1558–1578,...
, it was ceded to Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
, only to be returned twelve years later, in 1595.
17th century
Following the Treaty of StolbovoTreaty of Stolbovo
The Treaty of Stolbovo is a peace treaty of 1617 that ended the Ingrian War, fought between Sweden and Russia.After nearly two months of negotiations, representatives from Sweden and Russia met at the village of Stolbova, south of Lake Ladoga, on 27 February 1617.From the outset, Sweden had gone...
, it again passed to the Swedes, who kept the name which in Swedish orthography became Jama or Jamo. The township was completely destroyed by Russian armies during the war of 1656–8, after which only the citadel remained intact. It is questionable whether the township, with its exclusively Russian townspeople, ever recovered.
18th century
In 1703, the citadel was finally taken by the Russians in the course of the Great Northern WarGreat Northern War
The Great Northern War was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in northern Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swedish alliance were Peter I the Great of Russia, Frederick IV of...
(it was first held by the Russians for a month in late 1700). On May 14, 1703, Yam was renamed Yamburg (a German version of the name). Five years later, Peter the Great
Peter I of Russia
Peter the Great, Peter I or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are Old Style. All other dates in this article are New Style. ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his half-brother, Ivan V...
granted the town to Alexander Menshikov in his capacity of the Duke of Izhora
Ingria
Ingria is a historical region in the eastern Baltic, now part of Russia, comprising the southern bank of the river Neva, between the Gulf of Finland, the Narva River, Lake Peipus in the west, and Lake Ladoga and the western bank of the Volkhov river in the east...
. In 1780, Catherine II re-approved with some changes a previously existing coat of arms. Town status was granted in 1784.
Russian Civil War
Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years , as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a...
reportedly stayed in Yamburg in January 1919, when he ordered the Bolshevik
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....
troops to retake the town of Narva
Narva
Narva is the third largest city in Estonia. It is located at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, by the Russian border, on the Narva River which drains Lake Peipus.-Early history:...
from Estonian forces
Maavägi
The Estonian Ground Force is the name of the unified ground forces among the Estonian Defence Forces where it has an offensive military formation role...
. In October 1919, the anti-Bolshevist
Anti-bolshevism
Anti-bolshevism has two principal forms:* Anti-bolshevik Anti-communism* Anti-Bolshevik Communism...
commander, General Nikolai Yudenich captured Yamburg, which marked the beginning of the push by the Northwestern White Army towards Petrograd. However, the Bolsheviki consequently re-captured Yamburg on November 14, 1919. On November 16, 1919, The forces of General Yudenitch were "crowded together in a small space near Yamburg", "in a serious state of disorganization", reported The New York Times
The New York Times
The New York Times is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851. The New York Times has won 106 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any news organization...
at the time.
Name change
The German form of the town name was retained until 1922, when the Bolsheviks renamed it in honor of the EstoniaEstonia
Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
n Communist leader Viktor Kingissepp
Viktor Kingissepp
Viktor Kingissepp was a Soviet Communist politician, and leader of the Estonian Communist Party.He was arrested by the Estonian Political Police on 1 May 1922 and executed for treason shortly afterwards....
. It should not be confused with the Estonia
Estonia
Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
n town of Kuressaare
Kuressaare
Kuressaare is a town and a municipality on Saaremaa island in Estonia. It is the capital of Saare County. The current population is about 14,706 Kuressaare is a town and a municipality on Saaremaa island in Estonia. It is the capital of Saare County. The current population is about 14,706...
, formerly Kingissepa.
Kingisepp–Gdov Offensive
On February 1, 1944, the 109th Rifle Division captured Kingisepp, forcing the German 18th Army into new positions on the eastern bank of Narva.Twin towns/sister cities
Kingisepp is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with: Jõhvi Parish
Jõhvi Parish
Jõhvi Parish is an Estonian municipality located in Ida-Viru County. It has a population of 13,174 and an area of 124 km² .-Settlements:Town:JõhviSmall borough:TammikuVillage:...
, Estonia Narvik
Narvik
is the third largest city and municipality in Nordland county, Norway by population. Narvik is located on the shores of the Narvik Fjord . The municipality is part of the Ofoten traditional region of North Norway, inside the arctic circle...
, Norway Sassnitz
Sassnitz
Sassnitz is a town on the Jasmund peninsula, Rügen Island, in the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The population as of 2007 was 10,747....
, Germany Raisio
Raisio
Raisio is a town and municipality in south-western Finland and an important junction of major roads. The town has a population of and is located in the region of Finland Proper, neighbouring the region's capital, Turku...
, Finland
Notable natives
- Grigory Spiridonovich PetrovGrigory Spiridonovich PetrovGrigory Spiridonovich Petrov was a priest, public figure and publicist.- Biography :Petrov was born in Yamburg and graduated from St. Petersburg Theological Seminary in 1886 and St. Petersburg Theological Academy in 1891...
(1868–1925) - author, priest, professor, member of the Second Duma - Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon TammannGustav Heinrich Johann Apollon TammannGustav Tammann - was a prominent chemist-physicist of Baltic-German descent who made important contributions in the fields of glassy and solid solutions, heterogeneous equilibria, crystallization, and metallurgy.- Biography :...
(1861–1938) - renowned scientist, author, professor - Reinhold Kesküll (1900–1942) - Olympic short-distance runner
- Voldemar Noormägi (1895–1968) - Olympic weightlifter
- Aleksandr KerzhakovAleksandr KerzhakovAleksandr Anatolyevich Kerzhakov is a Russian international association football striker currently playing for Russian Premier League club Zenit St. Petersburg.-Zenit:...
(1982) - professional football player - Mikhail KerzhakovMikhail KerzhakovMikhail Anatolyevich Kerzhakov is a goalkeeper. Currently, he plays for FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod. He is the brother of striker Aleksandr Kerzhakov who currently plays for Zenit.-Career statistics:-External links:* -References:...
(1987) - professional football player - Aleksei IonovAleksei IonovAleksei Sergeyevich Ionov is an association footballer who played midfielder, who currently plays for Zenit.He started playing football at the age of six. Later he graduated from SCYSSOR Zenit, and started playing for Zenit Reserves in 2007. He played for Zenit three times in UEFA Cup...
(1989) - professional football player - Ivan ShpakovIvan ShpakovIvan Vladimirovich Shpakov is a Russian professional footballer. He plays for FC Metallurg-Kuzbass Novokuznetsk.He made his professional debut in the Russian Second Division in 2002 for FC Mostransgaz Gazoprovod. He played 3 games in the UEFA Cup 2005–06 qualification rounds for FC Krylia Sovetov...
(1986) - professional football player