PDZ domain
Encyclopedia
The PDZ domain is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in the signaling
proteins of bacteria
, yeast
, plants, virus
es and animal
s. PDZ is an acronym combining the first letters of three proteins — post synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor (Dlg1), and zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1) — which were first discovered to share the domain. PDZ domains have previously been referred to as DHR (Dlg homologous region) or GLGF (glycine
-leucine
-glycine-phenylalanine
) domains . These domains help anchor transmembrane protein
s to the cytoskeleton
and hold together signaling complexes.
In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation. This means that the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of a further beta strand from the tail of the binding partner protein.
s and these combinations allow them to carry out their specific functions. For example the PDZ domains in the PSD-95 protein are found associated with an SH3 domain
and a guanylate kinase
domain.
Below is a complete list:
AAG12; AHNAK
; AHNAK2; AIP1; ALP
; APBA1
; APBA2
; APBA3
; ARHGAP21;
ARHGAP23; ARHGEF11
; ARHGEF12
; CASK
; CLP-36; CNKSR2
; CNKSR3;
DFNB31
; DLG1
; DLG2
; DLG3
; DLG4
; DLG5
; DVL1
; DVL1L1;
DVL2
; DVL3
; ERBB2IP; FRMPD1; FRMPD2; FRMPD2L1; FRMPD3; FRMPD4;
GIPC1
; GIPC2
; GIPC3
; GOPC
; GRASP
; GRIP1; GRIP2
; HTRA1
;
HTRA2; HTRA3; HTRA4; IL16; INADL
; KIAA1849; LDB3
; LIMK1
;
LIMK2
; LIN7A
; LIN7B
; LIN7C
; LMO7
; LNX1
; LNX2; LRRC7
; MAGI1
; MAGI2
; MAGI3
; MAGIX
; MAST1
; MAST2
;
MAST3; MAST4; MCSP; MLLT4
; MPDZ
; MPP1
; MPP2
; MPP3;
MPP4; MPP5
; MPP6
; MPP7; MYO18A
; ;NOS1
; PARD3
; PARD3B
;
PARD6A
; PARD6B
; PARD6G; PDLIM1
; PDLIM2
; PDLIM3
; PDLIM4
; PDLIM5
;
PDLIM7
; PDZD11
; PDZD2
; PDZD3; PDZD4
; PDZD5A; PDZD7; PDZD8;
PDZK1
; PDZRN3
; PDZRN4; PICK1
; PPP1R9A
; PPP1R9B
; PREX1
; PRX
;
PSCDBP
; PTPN13
; PTPN3
; PTPN4
; RAPGEF2
; RAPGEF6
; RGS12
; RGS3
;
RHPN1
; RIL
; RIMS1
; RIMS2
; SCN5A
; SCRIB
; SDCBP
; SDCBP2
; SHANK1
; SHANK2
; SHANK3
; SHROOM2; SHROOM3
; SHROOM4; SIPA1
; SIPA1L1
; SIPA1L2
; SIPA1L3;
SLC9A3R1; SLC9A3R2; SNTA1
; SNTB1
; SNTB2
; SNTG1
; SNTG2
; SNX27
;
SPAL2; STXBP4; SYNJ2BP
; SYNPO2
; SYNPO2L; TAX1BP3
; TIAM1; TIAM2;
TJP1; TJP2; TJP3
; TRPC4
; TRPC5
; USH1C
; WHRN;
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a cell surface receptor. In turn, this receptor alters intracellular molecules creating a response...
proteins of bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria are a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals...
, yeast
Yeast
Yeasts are eukaryotic micro-organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with 1,500 species currently described estimated to be only 1% of all fungal species. Most reproduce asexually by mitosis, and many do so by an asymmetric division process called budding...
, plants, virus
Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea...
es and animal
Animal
Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and...
s. PDZ is an acronym combining the first letters of three proteins — post synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor (Dlg1), and zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1) — which were first discovered to share the domain. PDZ domains have previously been referred to as DHR (Dlg homologous region) or GLGF (glycine
Glycine
Glycine is an organic compound with the formula NH2CH2COOH. Having a hydrogen substituent as its 'side chain', glycine is the smallest of the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins. Its codons are GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG cf. the genetic code.Glycine is a colourless, sweet-tasting crystalline solid...
-leucine
Leucine
Leucine is a branched-chain α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCHCH2CH2. Leucine is classified as a hydrophobic amino acid due to its aliphatic isobutyl side chain. It is encoded by six codons and is a major component of the subunits in ferritin, astacin and other 'buffer' proteins...
-glycine-phenylalanine
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine is an α-amino acid with the formula C6H5CH2CHCOOH. This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar because of the hydrophobic nature of the benzyl side chain. L-Phenylalanine is an electrically neutral amino acid, one of the twenty common amino acids used to biochemically form...
) domains . These domains help anchor transmembrane protein
Transmembrane protein
A transmembrane protein is a protein that goes from one side of a membrane through to the other side of the membrane. Many TPs function as gateways or "loading docks" to deny or permit the transport of specific substances across the biological membrane, to get into the cell, or out of the cell as...
s to the cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within a cell's cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be unique to eukaryotes, but recent research has identified the prokaryotic cytoskeleton...
and hold together signaling complexes.
In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation. This means that the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of a further beta strand from the tail of the binding partner protein.
Proteins containing this domain
PDZ domains are found in many thousands of known proteins. PDZ domain proteins are widespread in eukaryotes and eubacteria, whereas there are very few examples of the protein in archaebacteria. PDZ domains are often associated with other protein domainProtein domain
A protein domain is a part of protein sequence and structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Each domain forms a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently stable and folded. Many proteins consist of several structural...
s and these combinations allow them to carry out their specific functions. For example the PDZ domains in the PSD-95 protein are found associated with an SH3 domain
SH3 domain
The SRC Homology 3 Domain is a small protein domain of about 60 amino acids residues first identified as a conserved sequence in the viral adaptor protein v-Crk and the non-catalytic parts of enzymes such as phospholipase and several cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases such as Abl and Src...
and a guanylate kinase
Guanylate kinase
In enzymology, a guanylate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and GMP, whereas its two products are ADP and GDP....
domain.
Human
There are roughly 260 human PDZ domains, though since several PDZ domain-containing proteins hold several domains, the actual number of PDZ proteins is closer to 180. Listed below are some of the better studied members of this family:- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFTR gene.CFTR is a ABC transporter-class ion channel that transports chloride and thiocyanate ions across epithelial cell membranes...
(CFTR) - ErbinErbin (protein)Erbb2 interacting protein also known as Erbin is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ERBB2IP gene. Discovered in 1997, Erbin is a 200kDa protein containing a PDZ domain.- Function :...
- Htra1HTRA1Serine protease HTRA1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HTRA1 gene. The HTRA1 protein is composed of four distinct protein domains. They are from amino-terminus to carboxyl-terminus an Insulin-like growth factor binding domain, a kazal domain, a trypsin-like peptidase domain and a PDZ...
- Htra2
- Htra3
- PSD-95DLG4PSD-95 also known as SAP-90 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLG4 gene....
- SAP97
- CARD11CARD11Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 also known as CARD-containing MAGUK protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CARD11 gene.- Function :...
- PTP-BLPTPN13Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN13 gene.-Further reading:...
Below is a complete list:
AAG12; AHNAK
AHNAK
Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AHNAK gene.-Further reading:...
; AHNAK2; AIP1; ALP
Alkaline phosphatase
Alkaline phosphatase is a hydrolase enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids. The process of removing the phosphate group is called dephosphorylation...
; APBA1
APBA1
Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APBA1 gene.-Interactions:APBA1 has been shown to interact with KCNJ12, CCS, CASK and Amyloid precursor protein.-Further reading:...
; APBA2
APBA2
Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APBA2 gene.-Interactions:APBA2 has been shown to interact with CLSTN1, RELA and Amyloid precursor protein.-Further reading:...
; APBA3
APBA3
Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APBA3 gene.-Interactions:APBA3 has been shown to interact with Amyloid precursor protein.-Further reading:...
; ARHGAP21;
ARHGAP23; ARHGEF11
ARHGEF11
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF11 gene.-Interactions:ARHGEF11 has been shown to interact with PLXNB3, PLXNB1, PLXNB2 and RHOA.-Further reading:...
; ARHGEF12
ARHGEF12
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF12 gene.-Interactions:ARHGEF12 has been shown to interact with Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, GNA13, PLXNB1, GNA12, TEC and RHOA.-Further reading:...
; CASK
CASK
Peripheral plasma membrane protein CASK is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CASK gene. This gene is also known by several other names: CMG 2 , calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase 3 and membrane-associated guanylate kinase 2.-Genomics:This gene is located on the short arm of...
; CLP-36; CNKSR2
CNKSR2
Connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of ras 2, also known as CNK homolog protein 2 or maguin , is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CNKSR2 gene.- Function :...
; CNKSR3;
DFNB31
DFNB31
Whirlin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DFNB31 gene.-Further reading:...
; DLG1
DLG1
Disks large homolog 1 , also known as synapse-associated protein 97 or SAP97, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAP97 gene....
; DLG2
DLG2
Disks large homolog 2 also known as channel-associated protein of synapse-110 or postsynaptic density protein 93 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLG2 gene.- Function :...
; DLG3
DLG3
Disks large homolog 3 also known as neuroendocrine-DLG or synapse-associated protein 102 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLG3 gene...
; DLG4
DLG4
PSD-95 also known as SAP-90 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLG4 gene....
; DLG5
DLG5
Disks large homolog 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLG5 gene.-Further reading:...
; DVL1
DVL1
Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DVL1 gene.-Interactions:DVL1 has been shown to interact with DVL3, EPS8, AXIN1 and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3.-External links:...
; DVL1L1;
DVL2
DVL2
Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DVL2 gene.-Interactions:DVL2 has been shown to interact with Zinc finger protein 165, DAB2 and Arrestin beta 1.-Further reading:...
; DVL3
DVL3
Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DVL3 gene.-Interactions:DVL3 has been shown to interact with DAB2, DVL1 and PRPF3.-Further reading:...
; ERBB2IP; FRMPD1; FRMPD2; FRMPD2L1; FRMPD3; FRMPD4;
GIPC1
GIPC1
GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GIPC1 gene.-Interactions:GIPC1 has been shown to interact with Beta-1 adrenergic receptor, ITGA5, ITGA6, TPBG, RGS19, TYRP1, GLUT1, Actinin, alpha 1, KIF1B, LRP2, Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin...
; GIPC2
GIPC2
GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GIPC2 gene.-See also:GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 2, GIPC1GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 3, GIPC3-Further reading:...
; GIPC3
GIPC3
PDZ domain-containing protein GIPC3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GIPC3 gene. GIPC3 is a member of the GIPC gene family that also includes GIPC1 and GIPC2...
; GOPC
GOPC
Golgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif-containing protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOPC gene.-Interactions:GOPC has been shown to interact with GRID2, BECN1, RHOQ, ACCN3, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and CSPG5.-Further reading:...
; GRASP
GRASP
Grasp may refer to:* GRASP , a multimedia authoring software* GRASP , a SAT instance solver* GRASP , General Responsibility Assignment Software Patterns...
; GRIP1; GRIP2
GRIP2
Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIP2 gene.-Interactions:GRIP2 has been shown to interact with liprin-alpha-1.-Further reading:...
; HTRA1
HTRA1
Serine protease HTRA1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HTRA1 gene. The HTRA1 protein is composed of four distinct protein domains. They are from amino-terminus to carboxyl-terminus an Insulin-like growth factor binding domain, a kazal domain, a trypsin-like peptidase domain and a PDZ...
;
HTRA2; HTRA3; HTRA4; IL16; INADL
INADL
InaD-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INADL gene.-Further reading:...
; KIAA1849; LDB3
LDB3
LIM domain binding 3, also known as LDB3 or ZASP, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LDB3 gene.-Function:This gene encodes a PDZ domain-containing protein. PDZ motifs are modular protein-protein interaction domains consisting of 80-120 amino acid residues...
; LIMK1
LIMK1
LIM domain kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LIMK1 gene.-Interactions:LIMK1 has been shown to interact with PAK1, YWHAZ, PAK4, Cofilin 1, Neuregulin 1 and Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C.-External links:...
;
LIMK2
LIMK2
LIM domain kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LIMK2 gene.-External links:* Info with links in the...
; LIN7A
LIN7A
Lin-7 homolog A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LIN7A gene.-Interactions:LIN7A has been shown to interact with KCNJ12, DLG1 and CASK.-Further reading:...
; LIN7B
LIN7B
Lin-7 homolog B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LIN7B gene.-Interactions:LIN7B has been shown to interact with KCNJ4, GRIN2B, KCNJ12 and ACCN3.-Further reading:...
; LIN7C
LIN7C
Lin-7 homolog C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LIN7C gene.-Interactions:LIN7C has been shown to interact with KCNJ4, KCNJ12 and DLG1.-Further reading:...
; LMO7
LMO7
LIM domain only protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMO7 gene.-Further reading:...
; LNX1
LNX1
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LNX is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LNX1 gene.-Interactions:LNX1 has been shown to interact with NAGK, NUMB and PAFAH1B3.-Further reading:...
; LNX2; LRRC7
LRRC7
Leucine rich repeat containing 7 also known as LRRC7, Densin-180, or LAP1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LRRC7 gene.- Structure :...
; MAGI1
MAGI1
Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAGI1 gene.-Interactions:...
; MAGI2
MAGI2
Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 also known as membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 2 and atrophin-1-interacting protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAGI2 gene.- Function :The protein encoded by this gene interacts with...
; MAGI3
MAGI3
Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAGI3 gene.-Interactions:MAGI3 has been shown to interact with PTPRB and PTEN.-Further reading:...
; MAGIX
MAGIX
MAGIX AG is an international provider of software, online services and digital contents for multimedia communications based in Berlin, Germany. The Company also operates from branches in the USA, Canada, the UK, France, Italy, Spain and the Netherlands...
; MAST1
MAST1
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAST1 gene.-Further reading:...
; MAST2
MAST2
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAST2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene controls TRAF6 and NF-kappaB activity.-Further reading:...
;
MAST3; MAST4; MCSP; MLLT4
MLLT4
Afadin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLLT4 gene.-Interactions:MLLT4 has been shown to interact with F11 receptor, RAP1A, LMO2, EPHB3, RAP1GAP, PVRL1, PVRL3, USP9X, SORBS1, BCR gene, Tight junction protein 1, Profilin 1, HRAS and SSX2IP.-Further reading:...
; MPDZ
MPDZ
Multiple PDZ domain protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MPDZ gene.-Interactions:MPDZ has been shown to interact with CD117, PLEKHA1 and 5-HT2C receptor.-Further reading:...
; MPP1
MPP1
55 kDa erythrocyte membrane protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MPP1 gene.-Further reading:...
; MPP2
MPP2
MAGUK p55 subfamily member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MPP2 gene.-Further reading:...
; MPP3;
MPP4; MPP5
MPP5
MAGUK p55 subfamily member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MPP5 gene.-Further reading:...
; MPP6
MPP6
MAGUK p55 subfamily member 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MPP6 gene.-Further reading:...
; MPP7; MYO18A
MYO18A
Myosin-XVIIIa is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYO18A gene.-Further reading:...
; ;NOS1
NOS1
Nitric oxide synthase 1 , also known as NOS1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS1 gene.- Function :Nitric oxide is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body...
; PARD3
PARD3
Partitioning defective 3 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PARD3 gene.-Interactions:PARD3 has been shown to interact with JAM3, JAM2, PVRL3 and PRKCI.-Further reading:...
; PARD3B
PARD3B
Partitioning defective 3 homolog B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PARD3B gene.-Interactions:PARD3B has been shown to interact with Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3.-Further reading:...
;
PARD6A
PARD6A
Partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PARD6A gene.-Interactions:PARD6A has been shown to interact with CDC42, RAC1, ECT2 and Protein kinase Mζ.-Further reading:...
; PARD6B
PARD6B
Partitioning defective 6 homolog beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PARD6B gene.-Interactions:PARD6B has been shown to interact with CDC42, RHOQ, RAC1 and Protein kinase Mζ.-Further reading:...
; PARD6G; PDLIM1
PDLIM1
PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDLIM1 gene.-Interactions:PDLIM1 has been shown to interact with Estrogen receptor alpha, Actinin alpha 4, Actinin, alpha 1 and RNF12.-Further reading:...
; PDLIM2
PDLIM2
PDZ and LIM domain protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDLIM2 gene.-Further reading:...
; PDLIM3
PDLIM3
PDZ and LIM domain protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDLIM3 gene.-Further reading:...
; PDLIM4
PDLIM4
PDZ and LIM domain protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDLIM4 gene.-Further reading:...
; PDLIM5
PDLIM5
PDZ and LIM domain protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDLIM5 gene.-Further reading:...
;
PDLIM7
PDLIM7
PDZ and LIM domain protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDLIM7 gene.-Further reading:...
; PDZD11
PDZD11
PDZ domain-containing protein 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDZD11 gene.-Further reading:...
; PDZD2
PDZD2
PDZ domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDZD2 gene.-Further reading:...
; PDZD3; PDZD4
PDZD4
PDZ domain-containing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDZD4 gene.-Further reading:...
; PDZD5A; PDZD7; PDZD8;
PDZK1
PDZK1
Na/H exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDZK1 gene.-Interactions:PDZK1 has been shown to interact with AKAP10, FARP2, Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 3 regulator 1, SLC22A12, SLK, SLC22A4, CLCN3, PDZK1IP1, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance...
; PDZRN3
PDZRN3
PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDZRN3 gene.-Further reading:...
; PDZRN4; PICK1
PICK1
PRKCA-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PICK1 gene.-Interactions:PICK1 has been shown to interact with HER2/neu, ACCN2, Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7, BNC1, Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3, GRIA4, Dopamine transporter, GRIK1, GRIK2, GRIK3, GRIA2 and GRIA3.-Further...
; PPP1R9A
PPP1R9A
Neurabin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R9A gene.-Further reading:...
; PPP1R9B
PPP1R9B
Neurabin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R9B gene.-Interactions:PPP1R9B has been shown to interact with PPP1CB, PPP1CA, Dopamine receptor D2, P16, PPP1CC, T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 and PPP1R2....
; PREX1
PREX1
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PREX1 gene.- Function :...
; PRX
PRX
PRX may refer to:* PRX , A telephone switching platform developed by Philips* Public Radio Exchange, a web-based public radio distribution company* PRX *Physical Review X, a scientific journal published by the American Physical Society...
;
PSCDBP
PSCDBP
Cytohesin-interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYTIP gene.-Further reading:...
; PTPN13
PTPN13
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN13 gene.-Further reading:...
; PTPN3
PTPN3
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN3 gene.-Further reading:...
; PTPN4
PTPN4
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN4 gene.-Further reading:...
; RAPGEF2
RAPGEF2
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAPGEF2 gene.-Interactions:RAPGEF2 has been shown to interact with RAP1A and RALGDS.-Further reading:...
; RAPGEF6
RAPGEF6
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAPGEF6 gene.-Further reading:...
; RGS12
RGS12
Regulator of G-protein signaling 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS12 gene.-Interactions:RGS12 has been shown to interact with GNAI1 and GNAI3.-Further reading:...
; RGS3
RGS3
Regulator of G-protein signaling 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS3 gene.-Further reading:...
;
RHPN1
RHPN1
Rhophilin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHPN1 gene.-Further reading:...
; RIL
RIL
RIL may refer to:* Radio Interface Layer, a software interface used in a mobile device to communicate via mobile networks* RDF Inference Language, a means of expressing expert systems rules and queries that operate on RDF models...
; RIMS1
RIMS1
Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RIMS1 gene.-Interactions:RIMS1 has been shown to interact with UNC13B, RAB3A, ERC2 and YWHAH.-Further reading:...
; RIMS2
RIMS2
Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RIMS2 gene.-Interactions:RIMS2 has been shown to interact with YWHAH and RAPGEF4.-Further reading:...
; SCN5A
SCN5A
The Nav1.5 is a sodium ion channel protein that in humans is encoded by the SCN5A gene. Mutations in the gene are associated with long QT syndrome type 3 , Brugada syndrome, primary cardiac conduction disease and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation....
; SCRIB
SCRIB
Scribbled homolog , also known as SCRIB, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SCRIB gene.- Function :Deficiency in Scrib impairs many aspects of cell polarity and cell movement...
; SDCBP
SDCBP
Syntenin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SDCBP gene.-Interactions:SDCBP has been shown to interact with Merlin, ULK1, Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit, SOX4, RAB5A, EFNB1, TRAF6, GRIK1 and GRIK2.-Further reading:...
; SDCBP2
SDCBP2
Syntenin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SDCBP2 gene.-Further reading:...
; SHANK1
SHANK1
SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHANK1 gene.-Interactions:SHANK1 has been shown to interact with SPTAN1, BAIAP2, ARHGEF7, DNM2 and Somatostatin receptor 2.-Further reading:...
; SHANK2
SHANK2
SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHANK2 gene. Two alternative splice variants, encoding distinct isoforms, are reported...
; SHANK3
SHANK3
SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3, also known as SHANK3, is a human gene on chromosome 22.This gene is a member of the Shank gene family. Shank proteins are multidomain scaffold proteins of the postsynaptic density that connect neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and other membrane...
; SHROOM2; SHROOM3
SHROOM3
Protein shroom3 also known as shroom-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHROOM3 gene.Protein shroom3 is a PDZ domain-containing protein that belongs to a family of Shroom-related proteins. This protein may be involved in regulating cell shape in certain tissues. A similar...
; SHROOM4; SIPA1
SIPA1
Signal-induced proliferation-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIPA1 gene.-Further reading:...
; SIPA1L1
SIPA1L1
Signal-induced proliferation-associated 1-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIPA1L1 gene.-Further reading:...
; SIPA1L2
SIPA1L2
Signal-induced proliferation-associated 1-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIPA1L2 gene.-Further reading:...
; SIPA1L3;
SLC9A3R1; SLC9A3R2; SNTA1
SNTA1
Alpha-1-syntrophin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNTA1 gene.-Interactions:Syntrophin, alpha 1 has been shown to interact with Dystrophin, Nav1.1 and Nav1.5.-Further reading:...
; SNTB1
SNTB1
Beta-1-syntrophin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNTB1 gene.-Interactions:SNTB1 has been shown to interact with Dystrophin.-Further reading:...
; SNTB2
SNTB2
Beta-2-syntrophin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNTB2 gene.-Further reading:...
; SNTG1
SNTG1
Gamma-1-syntrophin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNTG1 gene.-Further reading:...
; SNTG2
SNTG2
SNTG2 is a syntrophin gene....
; SNX27
SNX27
Sorting nexin family member 27, also known as SNX27, is a human gene.This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family, a diverse group of cytoplasmic and membrane-associated proteins involved in endocytosis of plasma membrane receptors and protein trafficking through these compartments. All...
;
SPAL2; STXBP4; SYNJ2BP
SYNJ2BP
Synaptojanin-2-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYNJ2BP gene.-Interactions:SYNJ2BP has been shown to interact with LRP2, ACVR2B, ACVR2A and LRP1.-Further reading:...
; SYNPO2
SYNPO2
Synaptopodin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYNPO2 gene.-Further reading:...
; SYNPO2L; TAX1BP3
TAX1BP3
Tax1-binding protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAX1BP3 gene. This name is in reference to the Tax1 protein of the Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus which was used to discover Tax1BP3 in a yeast 2-hybrid screen and subsequently verified by co-IP. TIP1, as it is also known, is a...
; TIAM1; TIAM2;
TJP1; TJP2; TJP3
TJP3
Tight junction protein ZO-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TJP3 gene.-Interactions:TJP3 has been shown to interact with Tight junction protein 1.-Further reading:...
; TRPC4
TRPC4
Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 4, also known as TRPC4, is a human gene encoding a protein of the same name.-Interactions:TRPC4 has been shown to interact with TRPC1, ITPR1 and TRPC5.-Roles:...
; TRPC5
TRPC5
Short transient receptor potential channel 5 also known as transient receptor protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPC5 gene. TrpC5 is subtype of the TRPC family of mammalian transient receptor potential ion channels.- Function :TrpC5 is one of the seven mammalian TRPC proteins...
; USH1C
USH1C
Harmonin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the USH1C gene.-External links:* -Further reading:...
; WHRN;
External links
- The PDZ Domain as a Complex Adaptive System A concise technical summary and a statement of principle findings and ramifications of the PDZ Domain as a Complex Adaptive System
- NCBI conserved domains entry