Novgorod Oblast
Encyclopedia
Novgorod Oblast is a federal subject
of Russia
(an oblast
), located between Moscow
and Saint Petersburg
. Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod
. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including Veliky Novgorod and Staraya Russa
, are located there. The historic monuments of Veliky Novgorod are surroundings have been declared a UNESCO
World Heritage Site
.
(NW,N), Vologda Oblast
(E), Tver Oblast
(SE,S) and Pskov Oblast
(SW).
The western part is a lowland around the Lake Ilmen
, while the eastern part is a highland (northern spurs of the Valdai Hills
). The highest point is Mount Ryzhokha (296 m).
The chemical industry is Novgorod Oblast's leading economic sector, accounting for 31.4% of total industrial output. Products include fertilizers, general rubber goods, synthetic resins, plastics, paints, pharmaceuticals, and household chemicals. Fertilizer companies using both local and imported raw materials produce nitrogen fertilizers (Novgorod Chemical Plant).
The engineering industry accounts for 11%+ of all industrial production. It is characterized by science- and labor-intensive production specializing in the output of sophisticated high-precision machines and equipment, electrical equipment, electronics and radioelectronics, instrument making, and shipbuilding, which developed as a result of the Oblast's maritime location. Production of equipment for the chemical industry has also been established.
The forestry complex, which includes the forest, woodworking, and pulp and paper industries, produces 10.9% of the Oblast's industrial goods. Lumber, plywood, and furniture are some of the products of the woodworking industry. Most of the materials for the wood processing industry are supplied from neighboring Oblasts and republics of Northern district.
The development prospects of the forestry complex are tied to high-end timber processing, greater competitiveness of output products, forest regeneration, and improvements in the Oblast's ecological situation.
Along with specialized sectors, there are others that supplement the economic complex, such as the power industry, which accounts for 16.5% of industrial output. The power industry is represented by low- and medium-power thermal and hydroelectric power plants, including a hydroelectric power plant on the Volkhov River. All the plants are integrated into the Northwestern unified energy system and connected with the unified energy system of European Russia. The metallurgical industry is another supplementary sector. Light industry is represented mainly by the textile, leather shoe, and ceramics industries.
The industrial construction complex has interregional significance. Companies in this sector are located in large and medium-sized cities with access to main highways. They produce reinforced concrete components and structures and other building materials. The glass industry is also well developed in Novgorod Oblast.
Novgorod Oblast's economic complex is a combination of companies of regional significance (forestry, power) and specialized companies (radio engineering and chemical industries). The largest industrial centers are Veliky Novgorod (specialized machine engineering, electrical and radio engineering, chemical industry, nitrogen fertilizer production, food industry, ship repair yard, and sawmill); Staraya Russa
(instrument making and chemical engineering); and Borovichi
(ceramics and glass production).
,
Novgorod Oblast is a federal subject
of Russia
(an oblast
), located between Moscow
and Saint Petersburg
. Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod
. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including Veliky Novgorod and Staraya Russa
, are located there. The historic monuments of Veliky Novgorod are surroundings have been declared a UNESCO
World Heritage Site
.
(NW,N), Vologda Oblast
(E), Tver Oblast
(SE,S) and Pskov Oblast
(SW).
The western part is a lowland around the Lake Ilmen
, while the eastern part is a highland (northern spurs of the Valdai Hills
). The highest point is Mount Ryzhokha (296 m).
The chemical industry is Novgorod Oblast's leading economic sector, accounting for 31.4% of total industrial output. Products include fertilizers, general rubber goods, synthetic resins, plastics, paints, pharmaceuticals, and household chemicals. Fertilizer companies using both local and imported raw materials produce nitrogen fertilizers (Novgorod Chemical Plant).
The engineering industry accounts for 11%+ of all industrial production. It is characterized by science- and labor-intensive production specializing in the output of sophisticated high-precision machines and equipment, electrical equipment, electronics and radioelectronics, instrument making, and shipbuilding, which developed as a result of the Oblast's maritime location. Production of equipment for the chemical industry has also been established.
The forestry complex, which includes the forest, woodworking, and pulp and paper industries, produces 10.9% of the Oblast's industrial goods. Lumber, plywood, and furniture are some of the products of the woodworking industry. Most of the materials for the wood processing industry are supplied from neighboring Oblasts and republics of Northern district.
The development prospects of the forestry complex are tied to high-end timber processing, greater competitiveness of output products, forest regeneration, and improvements in the Oblast's ecological situation.
Along with specialized sectors, there are others that supplement the economic complex, such as the power industry, which accounts for 16.5% of industrial output. The power industry is represented by low- and medium-power thermal and hydroelectric power plants, including a hydroelectric power plant on the Volkhov River. All the plants are integrated into the Northwestern unified energy system and connected with the unified energy system of European Russia. The metallurgical industry is another supplementary sector. Light industry is represented mainly by the textile, leather shoe, and ceramics industries.
The industrial construction complex has interregional significance. Companies in this sector are located in large and medium-sized cities with access to main highways. They produce reinforced concrete components and structures and other building materials. The glass industry is also well developed in Novgorod Oblast.
Novgorod Oblast's economic complex is a combination of companies of regional significance (forestry, power) and specialized companies (radio engineering and chemical industries). The largest industrial centers are Veliky Novgorod (specialized machine engineering, electrical and radio engineering, chemical industry, nitrogen fertilizer production, food industry, ship repair yard, and sawmill); Staraya Russa
(instrument making and chemical engineering); and Borovichi
(ceramics and glass production).
,
Novgorod Oblast is a federal subject
of Russia
(an oblast
), located between Moscow
and Saint Petersburg
. Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod
. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including Veliky Novgorod and Staraya Russa
, are located there. The historic monuments of Veliky Novgorod are surroundings have been declared a UNESCO
World Heritage Site
.
(NW,N), Vologda Oblast
(E), Tver Oblast
(SE,S) and Pskov Oblast
(SW).
The western part is a lowland around the Lake Ilmen
, while the eastern part is a highland (northern spurs of the Valdai Hills
). The highest point is Mount Ryzhokha (296 m).
The chemical industry is Novgorod Oblast's leading economic sector, accounting for 31.4% of total industrial output. Products include fertilizers, general rubber goods, synthetic resins, plastics, paints, pharmaceuticals, and household chemicals. Fertilizer companies using both local and imported raw materials produce nitrogen fertilizers (Novgorod Chemical Plant).
The engineering industry accounts for 11%+ of all industrial production. It is characterized by science- and labor-intensive production specializing in the output of sophisticated high-precision machines and equipment, electrical equipment, electronics and radioelectronics, instrument making, and shipbuilding, which developed as a result of the Oblast's maritime location. Production of equipment for the chemical industry has also been established.
The forestry complex, which includes the forest, woodworking, and pulp and paper industries, produces 10.9% of the Oblast's industrial goods. Lumber, plywood, and furniture are some of the products of the woodworking industry. Most of the materials for the wood processing industry are supplied from neighboring Oblasts and republics of Northern district.
The development prospects of the forestry complex are tied to high-end timber processing, greater competitiveness of output products, forest regeneration, and improvements in the Oblast's ecological situation.
Along with specialized sectors, there are others that supplement the economic complex, such as the power industry, which accounts for 16.5% of industrial output. The power industry is represented by low- and medium-power thermal and hydroelectric power plants, including a hydroelectric power plant on the Volkhov River. All the plants are integrated into the Northwestern unified energy system and connected with the unified energy system of European Russia. The metallurgical industry is another supplementary sector. Light industry is represented mainly by the textile, leather shoe, and ceramics industries.
The industrial construction complex has interregional significance. Companies in this sector are located in large and medium-sized cities with access to main highways. They produce reinforced concrete components and structures and other building materials. The glass industry is also well developed in Novgorod Oblast.
Novgorod Oblast's economic complex is a combination of companies of regional significance (forestry, power) and specialized companies (radio engineering and chemical industries). The largest industrial centers are Veliky Novgorod (specialized machine engineering, electrical and radio engineering, chemical industry, nitrogen fertilizer production, food industry, ship repair yard, and sawmill); Staraya Russa
(instrument making and chemical engineering); and Borovichi
(ceramics and glass production).
,1989 Census
.
Novgorod Oblast has the lowest population for any oblast in the European part of Russia. One of the reasons for the relatively low population density is that the area suffered heavily during World War II
. The population is 70.6% urban.
Ethnic groups: Novgorod Oblast is relatively homogenous, with only five recognized ethnic groups of more than two thousand persons each at the time of the census. The following ethnicities were most numerous: 652,152 Russians
(93.92%); 10,449 Ukrainians
(1.50%); 5,294 Belarusians
(0.76%); 3,388 Roma (0.49%); 2,077 Tatars
(0.30%); 1,940 Armenians
(0.289%); 1,574 Azeris
(0.23%); 1,074 Chechens (0.15%); and 1,010 Germans (0.15%); as well as many other smaller groups. In addition, a further 5,575 persons (0.80%) declined to state their nationality on the census questionnaire.
Federal subjects of Russia
Russia is a federation which, since March 1, 2008, consists of 83 federal subjects . In 1993, when the Constitution was adopted, there were 89 federal subjects listed...
of Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
(an oblast
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
), located between Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
and Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
. Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod is one of Russia's most historic cities and the administrative center of Novgorod Oblast. It is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and St. Petersburg. The city lies along the Volkhov River just below its outflow from Lake Ilmen...
. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including Veliky Novgorod and Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa is a town in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located south of Veliky Novgorod. It is a wharf on the Polist River in the Lake Ilmen basin. It serves as the administrative center of Starorussky District, although administratively it is not a part of it...
, are located there. The historic monuments of Veliky Novgorod are surroundings have been declared a UNESCO
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Site
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance...
.
Geography
Novgorod Oblast borders Leningrad OblastLeningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It was established on August 1, 1927, although it was not until 1946 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position...
(NW,N), Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is Vologda. The largest city is Cherepovets.Vologda Oblast is rich in historic monuments, such as the magnificent Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Convent , medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, baroque...
(E), Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was named Kalinin Oblast after Mikhail Kalinin. Population: Tver Oblast is an area of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno...
(SE,S) and Pskov Oblast
Pskov Oblast
Pskov Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Pskov Oblast borders the countries of Estonia and Latvia, as well as Belarus. It is the westernmost federal subject of contiguous Russia . Its major cities are the administrative center Pskov and Velikiye Luki . Area: 55,300 km²...
(SW).
The western part is a lowland around the Lake Ilmen
Lake Ilmen
Ilmen is a historically important lake in the Novgorod Oblast of Russia, formerly a vital part of the Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. The city of Novgorod lies six kilometers below the lake's outflow....
, while the eastern part is a highland (northern spurs of the Valdai Hills
Valdai Hills
The Valdai Hills are an upland region in north-west of central Russia running north-south, about midway between Saint Petersburg and Moscow, spanning the Novgorod, Tver, Pskov, and Smolensk Oblasts....
). The highest point is Mount Ryzhokha (296 m).
Economy
Novgorod Oblast is noted for its science- and labor-intensive sectors, particularly the chemical and forest industries. The engineering and metalworking, electronics, chemical, forest, woodworking, and pulp and paper industries produce nearly half of the oblast's marketable commodities.The chemical industry is Novgorod Oblast's leading economic sector, accounting for 31.4% of total industrial output. Products include fertilizers, general rubber goods, synthetic resins, plastics, paints, pharmaceuticals, and household chemicals. Fertilizer companies using both local and imported raw materials produce nitrogen fertilizers (Novgorod Chemical Plant).
The engineering industry accounts for 11%+ of all industrial production. It is characterized by science- and labor-intensive production specializing in the output of sophisticated high-precision machines and equipment, electrical equipment, electronics and radioelectronics, instrument making, and shipbuilding, which developed as a result of the Oblast's maritime location. Production of equipment for the chemical industry has also been established.
The forestry complex, which includes the forest, woodworking, and pulp and paper industries, produces 10.9% of the Oblast's industrial goods. Lumber, plywood, and furniture are some of the products of the woodworking industry. Most of the materials for the wood processing industry are supplied from neighboring Oblasts and republics of Northern district.
The development prospects of the forestry complex are tied to high-end timber processing, greater competitiveness of output products, forest regeneration, and improvements in the Oblast's ecological situation.
Along with specialized sectors, there are others that supplement the economic complex, such as the power industry, which accounts for 16.5% of industrial output. The power industry is represented by low- and medium-power thermal and hydroelectric power plants, including a hydroelectric power plant on the Volkhov River. All the plants are integrated into the Northwestern unified energy system and connected with the unified energy system of European Russia. The metallurgical industry is another supplementary sector. Light industry is represented mainly by the textile, leather shoe, and ceramics industries.
The industrial construction complex has interregional significance. Companies in this sector are located in large and medium-sized cities with access to main highways. They produce reinforced concrete components and structures and other building materials. The glass industry is also well developed in Novgorod Oblast.
Novgorod Oblast's economic complex is a combination of companies of regional significance (forestry, power) and specialized companies (radio engineering and chemical industries). The largest industrial centers are Veliky Novgorod (specialized machine engineering, electrical and radio engineering, chemical industry, nitrogen fertilizer production, food industry, ship repair yard, and sawmill); Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa is a town in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located south of Veliky Novgorod. It is a wharf on the Polist River in the Lake Ilmen basin. It serves as the administrative center of Starorussky District, although administratively it is not a part of it...
(instrument making and chemical engineering); and Borovichi
Borovichi
Borovichi is the second largest town in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population: -Geography:The town is located in the northern spurs of the Valdai Hills, east of Veliky Novgorod. It stands upon the Msta River. Just upstream Borovichi there are the famous rapids of Msta popular among...
(ceramics and glass production).
Rivers
Major rivers (sorted by discharge) include:- Volkhov RiverVolkhov RiverVolkhov is a river in Novgorod Oblast and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia.-Geography:The Volkhov flows out of Lake Ilmen north into Lake Ladoga, the largest lake of Europe. It is the second largest tributary of Lake Ladoga. It is navigable over its whole length. Discharge is highly...
- Mologa RiverMologa RiverMologa River is a river in Tver, Novgorod and Vologda Oblasts of Russia. It is a left tributary of the Volga River, flowing into the Rybinsk Reservoir. The river freezes up in the late October - early December and stays under the ice until April - early May....
- Msta RiverMsta RiverMsta is a river in Tver Oblast and Novgorod Oblast of Russia. Msta starts from the Mstino Lake in the Valdai Hills north of the town of Vyshny Volochyok and flows into Lake Ilmen. Up to mid-19th century, Msta had been a part of an important water trade route connecting the Baltic and Black seas...
- Lovat RiverLovat RiverThe Lovat River is a river in Belarus and Russia. It flows out of Lovatets Lake in northwestern Belarus, and flows north through Pskov and Novgorod Oblasts of Russia into Lake Ilmen. Its main tributaries are the Kunya, Polist, Redya, and Robya Rivers....
- Syas RiverSyas RiverSyas River is a river in the Novgorod and Leningrad Oblasts of Russia. The Syas River flows from Valdai Hills north into Lake Ladoga. A town of Syasstroy is located at its mouth. The largest tributary is Tikhvinka River...
- Shelon RiverShelon RiverShelon River is a river in the northwest part of European Russia, one of the main tributaries of Lake Ilmen. It has a length of 248 km and drains a basin of 9710 km².The river flows through the Novgorod Oblast and the Pskov Oblast.- History :...
Demographics
Population: 634,135 (2010 Census, down from 694,355 recorded by the 2002 CensusRussian Census (2002)
Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics .-Resident population:...
,
Novgorod Oblast is a federal subject
Federal subjects of Russia
Russia is a federation which, since March 1, 2008, consists of 83 federal subjects . In 1993, when the Constitution was adopted, there were 89 federal subjects listed...
of Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
(an oblast
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
), located between Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
and Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
. Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod is one of Russia's most historic cities and the administrative center of Novgorod Oblast. It is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and St. Petersburg. The city lies along the Volkhov River just below its outflow from Lake Ilmen...
. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including Veliky Novgorod and Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa is a town in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located south of Veliky Novgorod. It is a wharf on the Polist River in the Lake Ilmen basin. It serves as the administrative center of Starorussky District, although administratively it is not a part of it...
, are located there. The historic monuments of Veliky Novgorod are surroundings have been declared a UNESCO
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Site
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance...
.
Geography
Novgorod Oblast borders Leningrad OblastLeningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It was established on August 1, 1927, although it was not until 1946 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position...
(NW,N), Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is Vologda. The largest city is Cherepovets.Vologda Oblast is rich in historic monuments, such as the magnificent Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Convent , medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, baroque...
(E), Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was named Kalinin Oblast after Mikhail Kalinin. Population: Tver Oblast is an area of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno...
(SE,S) and Pskov Oblast
Pskov Oblast
Pskov Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Pskov Oblast borders the countries of Estonia and Latvia, as well as Belarus. It is the westernmost federal subject of contiguous Russia . Its major cities are the administrative center Pskov and Velikiye Luki . Area: 55,300 km²...
(SW).
The western part is a lowland around the Lake Ilmen
Lake Ilmen
Ilmen is a historically important lake in the Novgorod Oblast of Russia, formerly a vital part of the Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. The city of Novgorod lies six kilometers below the lake's outflow....
, while the eastern part is a highland (northern spurs of the Valdai Hills
Valdai Hills
The Valdai Hills are an upland region in north-west of central Russia running north-south, about midway between Saint Petersburg and Moscow, spanning the Novgorod, Tver, Pskov, and Smolensk Oblasts....
). The highest point is Mount Ryzhokha (296 m).
Economy
Novgorod Oblast is noted for its science- and labor-intensive sectors, particularly the chemical and forest industries. The engineering and metalworking, electronics, chemical, forest, woodworking, and pulp and paper industries produce nearly half of the oblast's marketable commodities.The chemical industry is Novgorod Oblast's leading economic sector, accounting for 31.4% of total industrial output. Products include fertilizers, general rubber goods, synthetic resins, plastics, paints, pharmaceuticals, and household chemicals. Fertilizer companies using both local and imported raw materials produce nitrogen fertilizers (Novgorod Chemical Plant).
The engineering industry accounts for 11%+ of all industrial production. It is characterized by science- and labor-intensive production specializing in the output of sophisticated high-precision machines and equipment, electrical equipment, electronics and radioelectronics, instrument making, and shipbuilding, which developed as a result of the Oblast's maritime location. Production of equipment for the chemical industry has also been established.
The forestry complex, which includes the forest, woodworking, and pulp and paper industries, produces 10.9% of the Oblast's industrial goods. Lumber, plywood, and furniture are some of the products of the woodworking industry. Most of the materials for the wood processing industry are supplied from neighboring Oblasts and republics of Northern district.
The development prospects of the forestry complex are tied to high-end timber processing, greater competitiveness of output products, forest regeneration, and improvements in the Oblast's ecological situation.
Along with specialized sectors, there are others that supplement the economic complex, such as the power industry, which accounts for 16.5% of industrial output. The power industry is represented by low- and medium-power thermal and hydroelectric power plants, including a hydroelectric power plant on the Volkhov River. All the plants are integrated into the Northwestern unified energy system and connected with the unified energy system of European Russia. The metallurgical industry is another supplementary sector. Light industry is represented mainly by the textile, leather shoe, and ceramics industries.
The industrial construction complex has interregional significance. Companies in this sector are located in large and medium-sized cities with access to main highways. They produce reinforced concrete components and structures and other building materials. The glass industry is also well developed in Novgorod Oblast.
Novgorod Oblast's economic complex is a combination of companies of regional significance (forestry, power) and specialized companies (radio engineering and chemical industries). The largest industrial centers are Veliky Novgorod (specialized machine engineering, electrical and radio engineering, chemical industry, nitrogen fertilizer production, food industry, ship repair yard, and sawmill); Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa is a town in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located south of Veliky Novgorod. It is a wharf on the Polist River in the Lake Ilmen basin. It serves as the administrative center of Starorussky District, although administratively it is not a part of it...
(instrument making and chemical engineering); and Borovichi
Borovichi
Borovichi is the second largest town in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population: -Geography:The town is located in the northern spurs of the Valdai Hills, east of Veliky Novgorod. It stands upon the Msta River. Just upstream Borovichi there are the famous rapids of Msta popular among...
(ceramics and glass production).
Rivers
Major rivers (sorted by discharge) include:- Volkhov RiverVolkhov RiverVolkhov is a river in Novgorod Oblast and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia.-Geography:The Volkhov flows out of Lake Ilmen north into Lake Ladoga, the largest lake of Europe. It is the second largest tributary of Lake Ladoga. It is navigable over its whole length. Discharge is highly...
- Mologa RiverMologa RiverMologa River is a river in Tver, Novgorod and Vologda Oblasts of Russia. It is a left tributary of the Volga River, flowing into the Rybinsk Reservoir. The river freezes up in the late October - early December and stays under the ice until April - early May....
- Msta RiverMsta RiverMsta is a river in Tver Oblast and Novgorod Oblast of Russia. Msta starts from the Mstino Lake in the Valdai Hills north of the town of Vyshny Volochyok and flows into Lake Ilmen. Up to mid-19th century, Msta had been a part of an important water trade route connecting the Baltic and Black seas...
- Lovat RiverLovat RiverThe Lovat River is a river in Belarus and Russia. It flows out of Lovatets Lake in northwestern Belarus, and flows north through Pskov and Novgorod Oblasts of Russia into Lake Ilmen. Its main tributaries are the Kunya, Polist, Redya, and Robya Rivers....
- Syas RiverSyas RiverSyas River is a river in the Novgorod and Leningrad Oblasts of Russia. The Syas River flows from Valdai Hills north into Lake Ladoga. A town of Syasstroy is located at its mouth. The largest tributary is Tikhvinka River...
- Shelon RiverShelon RiverShelon River is a river in the northwest part of European Russia, one of the main tributaries of Lake Ilmen. It has a length of 248 km and drains a basin of 9710 km².The river flows through the Novgorod Oblast and the Pskov Oblast.- History :...
Demographics
Population: 634,135 (2010 Census, down from 694,355 recorded by the 2002 CensusRussian Census (2002)
Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics .-Resident population:...
,
Novgorod Oblast is a federal subject
Federal subjects of Russia
Russia is a federation which, since March 1, 2008, consists of 83 federal subjects . In 1993, when the Constitution was adopted, there were 89 federal subjects listed...
of Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
(an oblast
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
), located between Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
and Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
. Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod is one of Russia's most historic cities and the administrative center of Novgorod Oblast. It is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and St. Petersburg. The city lies along the Volkhov River just below its outflow from Lake Ilmen...
. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including Veliky Novgorod and Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa is a town in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located south of Veliky Novgorod. It is a wharf on the Polist River in the Lake Ilmen basin. It serves as the administrative center of Starorussky District, although administratively it is not a part of it...
, are located there. The historic monuments of Veliky Novgorod are surroundings have been declared a UNESCO
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Site
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance...
.
Geography
Novgorod Oblast borders Leningrad OblastLeningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It was established on August 1, 1927, although it was not until 1946 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position...
(NW,N), Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is Vologda. The largest city is Cherepovets.Vologda Oblast is rich in historic monuments, such as the magnificent Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Convent , medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, baroque...
(E), Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was named Kalinin Oblast after Mikhail Kalinin. Population: Tver Oblast is an area of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno...
(SE,S) and Pskov Oblast
Pskov Oblast
Pskov Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Pskov Oblast borders the countries of Estonia and Latvia, as well as Belarus. It is the westernmost federal subject of contiguous Russia . Its major cities are the administrative center Pskov and Velikiye Luki . Area: 55,300 km²...
(SW).
The western part is a lowland around the Lake Ilmen
Lake Ilmen
Ilmen is a historically important lake in the Novgorod Oblast of Russia, formerly a vital part of the Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. The city of Novgorod lies six kilometers below the lake's outflow....
, while the eastern part is a highland (northern spurs of the Valdai Hills
Valdai Hills
The Valdai Hills are an upland region in north-west of central Russia running north-south, about midway between Saint Petersburg and Moscow, spanning the Novgorod, Tver, Pskov, and Smolensk Oblasts....
). The highest point is Mount Ryzhokha (296 m).
Economy
Novgorod Oblast is noted for its science- and labor-intensive sectors, particularly the chemical and forest industries. The engineering and metalworking, electronics, chemical, forest, woodworking, and pulp and paper industries produce nearly half of the oblast's marketable commodities.The chemical industry is Novgorod Oblast's leading economic sector, accounting for 31.4% of total industrial output. Products include fertilizers, general rubber goods, synthetic resins, plastics, paints, pharmaceuticals, and household chemicals. Fertilizer companies using both local and imported raw materials produce nitrogen fertilizers (Novgorod Chemical Plant).
The engineering industry accounts for 11%+ of all industrial production. It is characterized by science- and labor-intensive production specializing in the output of sophisticated high-precision machines and equipment, electrical equipment, electronics and radioelectronics, instrument making, and shipbuilding, which developed as a result of the Oblast's maritime location. Production of equipment for the chemical industry has also been established.
The forestry complex, which includes the forest, woodworking, and pulp and paper industries, produces 10.9% of the Oblast's industrial goods. Lumber, plywood, and furniture are some of the products of the woodworking industry. Most of the materials for the wood processing industry are supplied from neighboring Oblasts and republics of Northern district.
The development prospects of the forestry complex are tied to high-end timber processing, greater competitiveness of output products, forest regeneration, and improvements in the Oblast's ecological situation.
Along with specialized sectors, there are others that supplement the economic complex, such as the power industry, which accounts for 16.5% of industrial output. The power industry is represented by low- and medium-power thermal and hydroelectric power plants, including a hydroelectric power plant on the Volkhov River. All the plants are integrated into the Northwestern unified energy system and connected with the unified energy system of European Russia. The metallurgical industry is another supplementary sector. Light industry is represented mainly by the textile, leather shoe, and ceramics industries.
The industrial construction complex has interregional significance. Companies in this sector are located in large and medium-sized cities with access to main highways. They produce reinforced concrete components and structures and other building materials. The glass industry is also well developed in Novgorod Oblast.
Novgorod Oblast's economic complex is a combination of companies of regional significance (forestry, power) and specialized companies (radio engineering and chemical industries). The largest industrial centers are Veliky Novgorod (specialized machine engineering, electrical and radio engineering, chemical industry, nitrogen fertilizer production, food industry, ship repair yard, and sawmill); Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa is a town in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located south of Veliky Novgorod. It is a wharf on the Polist River in the Lake Ilmen basin. It serves as the administrative center of Starorussky District, although administratively it is not a part of it...
(instrument making and chemical engineering); and Borovichi
Borovichi
Borovichi is the second largest town in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population: -Geography:The town is located in the northern spurs of the Valdai Hills, east of Veliky Novgorod. It stands upon the Msta River. Just upstream Borovichi there are the famous rapids of Msta popular among...
(ceramics and glass production).
Rivers
Major rivers (sorted by discharge) include:- Volkhov RiverVolkhov RiverVolkhov is a river in Novgorod Oblast and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia.-Geography:The Volkhov flows out of Lake Ilmen north into Lake Ladoga, the largest lake of Europe. It is the second largest tributary of Lake Ladoga. It is navigable over its whole length. Discharge is highly...
- Mologa RiverMologa RiverMologa River is a river in Tver, Novgorod and Vologda Oblasts of Russia. It is a left tributary of the Volga River, flowing into the Rybinsk Reservoir. The river freezes up in the late October - early December and stays under the ice until April - early May....
- Msta RiverMsta RiverMsta is a river in Tver Oblast and Novgorod Oblast of Russia. Msta starts from the Mstino Lake in the Valdai Hills north of the town of Vyshny Volochyok and flows into Lake Ilmen. Up to mid-19th century, Msta had been a part of an important water trade route connecting the Baltic and Black seas...
- Lovat RiverLovat RiverThe Lovat River is a river in Belarus and Russia. It flows out of Lovatets Lake in northwestern Belarus, and flows north through Pskov and Novgorod Oblasts of Russia into Lake Ilmen. Its main tributaries are the Kunya, Polist, Redya, and Robya Rivers....
- Syas RiverSyas RiverSyas River is a river in the Novgorod and Leningrad Oblasts of Russia. The Syas River flows from Valdai Hills north into Lake Ladoga. A town of Syasstroy is located at its mouth. The largest tributary is Tikhvinka River...
- Shelon RiverShelon RiverShelon River is a river in the northwest part of European Russia, one of the main tributaries of Lake Ilmen. It has a length of 248 km and drains a basin of 9710 km².The river flows through the Novgorod Oblast and the Pskov Oblast.- History :...
Demographics
Population: 634,135 (2010 Census, down from 694,355 recorded by the 2002 CensusRussian Census (2002)
Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics .-Resident population:...
,1989 Census
Soviet Census (1989)
The 1989 Soviet census, conducted between January 12-19 of that year, was the last one conducted in the former USSR. It resulted in a total population of 286,730,819 inhabitants...
.
Novgorod Oblast has the lowest population for any oblast in the European part of Russia. One of the reasons for the relatively low population density is that the area suffered heavily during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. The population is 70.6% urban.
Ethnic groups: Novgorod Oblast is relatively homogenous, with only five recognized ethnic groups of more than two thousand persons each at the time of the census. The following ethnicities were most numerous: 652,152 Russians
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
(93.92%); 10,449 Ukrainians
Ukrainians
Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...
(1.50%); 5,294 Belarusians
Belarusians
Belarusians ; are an East Slavic ethnic group who populate the majority of the Republic of Belarus. Introduced to the world as a new state in the early 1990s, the Republic of Belarus brought with it the notion of a re-emerging Belarusian ethnicity, drawn upon the lines of the Old Belarusian...
(0.76%); 3,388 Roma (0.49%); 2,077 Tatars
Tatars
Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,...
(0.30%); 1,940 Armenians
Armenians
Armenian people or Armenians are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland.The largest concentration is in Armenia having a nearly-homogeneous population with 97.9% or 3,145,354 being ethnic Armenian....
(0.289%); 1,574 Azeris
Azeris in Russia
Aside from the large Azeri community native to Russia's Dagestan Republic, the majority of Azeris in Russia are fairly recent immigrants. Azeris started settling in Russia around the late 19th century, but their migration became intensive after World War II. It rapidly increased with the collapse...
(0.23%); 1,074 Chechens (0.15%); and 1,010 Germans (0.15%); as well as many other smaller groups. In addition, a further 5,575 persons (0.80%) declined to state their nationality on the census questionnaire.
- Births (2008): 6,912 (10.6 per 1000)
- Deaths (2008): 13,574 (20.9 per 1000) http://novgorodstat.natm.ru/digital/operinf/ЕстественноеДвижениеНаселения.htm