Mount Sleza
Encyclopedia
Ślęża ' is a mountain in the Sudetes foothills (Polish:
Przedgórze Sudeckie) in Lower Silesia
, 30 km (19 mi) from Wrocław, southern Poland
. This natural reserve built mostly of granite
is 718 m high and covered with forests.
The top of the mountain has a PTTK
tourist Mountain hut, a TV and radio mast, church Mary, poorly visible ruins of the castle and observation tower
. The mountain and its surrounding region form the protected area
called Ślęża Landscape Park
.
During the Neolithic Period and at least as far back as the 7th century BC Mount Ślęża (Zobten) was a holy place of the heathen tribes of the Lusatian culture
. It was then settled by the Celt
ic-Germanic
Lugians
The Silingi
, a subpopulation of the East Germanic tribe known as the Vandals
are the earliest inhabitants of Silesia known by their name, however the greater part of them moved westwards by the 5th century A.D. and the remainder were slowly replaced in the 6th century by Slavic
tribes ("people of the plain"). The Silingi
were part of the Przeworsk culture
The name of the territory Silesia
either derives from the Sleza River, or from Mount Ślęża. The hill itself was a religious center of the Silingi, and derives its name from them.
The slavic Ślężanie
tribe settled in the area when Silesia became a part of Greater Moravia, and then of Bohemia
(part of the Holy Roman Empire
). Duke Boleslaw I of Poland, a fiefholder of the Holy Roman Empire
, conquered Silesia in the 990s, but lost it again to Bohemia, also a part of the empire. As Silencia, recorded by Thietmar of Merseburg
, or Silesia, the Latin version, was in earlier German sources written as Slesia, from which developed the High German version Schlesien. Christianity came first via Cyril and Methodius and Regensburg
, then in the 10th century Bohemia received a bishopric, Prague, which was subject to the archbishopric of Mainz
.
Mount Zobten/Sleza has ancient Germanic holy places dedicated to a sun deity, and remained a holy place during Christian
times as well. In the first half of the 12th century, the owner of the place was Danish
Peter Wlast Dunin, (Polish: Piotr Włostowic), who founded there an Augustinian convent
which was subsequently moved to Wrocław in 1153.
In 1148 the mountain is recorded as Mons Silecii.
may have been named after the Silingi, though this etymology is disputed; the word is perhaps derived from a Silesian word meaning "wet swampy place".
The current names of the Ślęza
river and Mount Ślęża are based on Silesian origins, although the Ślęza is spelled with a standard Z
and Mount Ślęża is spelled with a Ż diacritic
. Names are based on earlier German documentation as Slesia.
(in Poland called Polskie Kino Niezależne) Edi800 in the movie Ślęża Manekin Project III. More info at:
http://www.manekin.org/manekin.html
http://www.edi800.org/
.
Polish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
Przedgórze Sudeckie) in Lower Silesia
Lower Silesia
Lower Silesia ; is the northwestern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia; Upper Silesia is to the southeast.Throughout its history Lower Silesia has been under the control of the medieval Kingdom of Poland, the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy from 1526...
, 30 km (19 mi) from Wrocław, southern Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
. This natural reserve built mostly of granite
Granite
Granite is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, felsic, igneous rock. Granite usually has a medium- to coarse-grained texture. Occasionally some individual crystals are larger than the groundmass, in which case the texture is known as porphyritic. A granitic rock with a porphyritic...
is 718 m high and covered with forests.
The top of the mountain has a PTTK
PTTK
Polskie Towarzystwo Turystyczno-Krajoznawcze, PTTK, is a Polish non-governmental tourist organization founded in 1950...
tourist Mountain hut, a TV and radio mast, church Mary, poorly visible ruins of the castle and observation tower
Observation tower
An observation tower is a structure used to view events from a long distance and to create a full 360 degree range of vision. They are usually at least tall and made from stone, iron, and wood. Many modern towers are also used as TV towers, restaurants, or churches...
. The mountain and its surrounding region form the protected area
Protected area
Protected areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognised natural, ecological and/or cultural values. There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international...
called Ślęża Landscape Park
Sleza Landscape Park
Ślęża Landscape Park is a protected area in south-western Poland, established in 1988, covering an area of...
.
Sacred mountain
Lusatian culture
The Lusatian culture existed in the later Bronze Age and early Iron Age in most of today's Poland, parts of Czech Republic and Slovakia, parts of eastern Germany and parts of Ukraine...
. It was then settled by the Celt
Celt
The Celts were a diverse group of tribal societies in Iron Age and Roman-era Europe who spoke Celtic languages.The earliest archaeological culture commonly accepted as Celtic, or rather Proto-Celtic, was the central European Hallstatt culture , named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt, Austria....
ic-Germanic
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin, identified by their use of the Indo-European Germanic languages which diversified out of Proto-Germanic during the Pre-Roman Iron Age.Originating about 1800 BCE from the Corded Ware Culture on the North...
Lugians
The Silingi
Silingi
The Silings or Silingi supposedly were an East Germanic tribe, probably part of the larger Vandal group. According to most scholars, examples Jerzy Strzelczyk, Norman Davies, Jerzy Krasuski, Andrzej Kokowski, Henryk Łowmiański, the Silingi may have lived in Silesia...
, a subpopulation of the East Germanic tribe known as the Vandals
Vandals
The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century. The Vandals under king Genseric entered Africa in 429 and by 439 established a kingdom which included the Roman Africa province, besides the islands of Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia and the Balearics....
are the earliest inhabitants of Silesia known by their name, however the greater part of them moved westwards by the 5th century A.D. and the remainder were slowly replaced in the 6th century by Slavic
Slavic peoples
The Slavic people are an Indo-European panethnicity living in Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia. The term Slavic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people, who speak languages belonging to the Slavic language family and share, to varying degrees, certain...
tribes ("people of the plain"). The Silingi
Silingi
The Silings or Silingi supposedly were an East Germanic tribe, probably part of the larger Vandal group. According to most scholars, examples Jerzy Strzelczyk, Norman Davies, Jerzy Krasuski, Andrzej Kokowski, Henryk Łowmiański, the Silingi may have lived in Silesia...
were part of the Przeworsk culture
Przeworsk culture
The Przeworsk culture is part of an Iron Age archaeological complex that dates from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD. It was located in what is now central and southern Poland, later spreading to parts of eastern Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia ranging between the Oder and the middle and...
The name of the territory Silesia
Silesia
Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław...
either derives from the Sleza River, or from Mount Ślęża. The hill itself was a religious center of the Silingi, and derives its name from them.
The slavic Ślężanie
Slezanie
Ślężanie were a tribe of West Slavs, specifically of the Lechitic , inhabiting territories of Lower Silesia, near Ślęża mountain and Ślęza river, on the both banks of the Oder, up to the area of modern city of Wrocław...
tribe settled in the area when Silesia became a part of Greater Moravia, and then of Bohemia
Bohemia
Bohemia is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague...
(part of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
). Duke Boleslaw I of Poland, a fiefholder of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
, conquered Silesia in the 990s, but lost it again to Bohemia, also a part of the empire. As Silencia, recorded by Thietmar of Merseburg
Thietmar of Merseburg
Thietmar of Merseburg was a German chronicler who was also bishop of Merseburg.-Life:...
, or Silesia, the Latin version, was in earlier German sources written as Slesia, from which developed the High German version Schlesien. Christianity came first via Cyril and Methodius and Regensburg
Regensburg
Regensburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. To the east lies the Bavarian Forest. Regensburg is the capital of the Bavarian administrative region Upper Palatinate...
, then in the 10th century Bohemia received a bishopric, Prague, which was subject to the archbishopric of Mainz
Archbishopric of Mainz
The Archbishopric of Mainz or Electorate of Mainz was an influential ecclesiastic and secular prince-bishopric in the Holy Roman Empire between 780–82 and 1802. In the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy, the Archbishop of Mainz was the primas Germaniae, the substitute of the Pope north of the Alps...
.
Mount Zobten/Sleza has ancient Germanic holy places dedicated to a sun deity, and remained a holy place during Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
times as well. In the first half of the 12th century, the owner of the place was Danish
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
Peter Wlast Dunin, (Polish: Piotr Włostowic), who founded there an Augustinian convent
Convent
A convent is either a community of priests, religious brothers, religious sisters, or nuns, or the building used by the community, particularly in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Anglican Communion...
which was subsequently moved to Wrocław in 1153.
In 1148 the mountain is recorded as Mons Silecii.
Etymology
The SilesiansSilesians
Silesians , are the inhabitants of Silesia in Poland, Germany and the Czech Republic. A small diaspora community also exists in Karnes County, Texas in the USA....
may have been named after the Silingi, though this etymology is disputed; the word is perhaps derived from a Silesian word meaning "wet swampy place".
The current names of the Ślęza
Ślęza
Ślęza is a 78.6 km long river in Lower Silesia, southern Poland, a left tributary of the Oder. It starts in the Niemcza Hills , part of the Sudete Highlands , and flows near Mount Ślęża through the Silesian Lowland and enters the Oder in Wrocław.The most important tributary is: Mała...
river and Mount Ślęża are based on Silesian origins, although the Ślęza is spelled with a standard Z
Z
Z is the twenty-sixth and final letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.-Name and pronunciation:In most dialects of English, the letter's name is zed , reflecting its derivation from the Greek zeta but in American English, its name is zee , deriving from a late 17th century English dialectal...
and Mount Ślęża is spelled with a Ż diacritic
Dot (diacritic)
When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot is usually reserved for the Interpunct , or to the glyphs 'combining dot above' and 'combining dot below'...
. Names are based on earlier German documentation as Slesia.
Ślęża in art and culture
Mount Ślęża has been portrayed in the famous but atypical manner of Polish independent filmIndependent film
An independent film, or indie film, is a professional film production resulting in a feature film that is produced mostly or completely outside of the major film studio system. In addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment companies, independent films are also produced...
(in Poland called Polskie Kino Niezależne) Edi800 in the movie Ślęża Manekin Project III. More info at:
http://www.manekin.org/manekin.html
http://www.edi800.org/
Transmitter
On Ślęża there is a facility for FM- and TV-transmission, which uses a 136 metre tall free-standing (with additional guying) lattice tower. The current tower which was built in 1972 replaced a 98 metre tall tower built in 1957, which was partially guyedPartially guyed tower
A partially guyed tower is a tower structure which consists of a free-standing basement, in most cases of concrete or of lattice steel with a guyed mast on the top. The anchor basements of the guyed mast can be on the top of the tower or on the ground.-Use:...
.
TV
| Programme | Frequency | No of canals | Emission |
|---|---|---|---|
| TVP1 Telewizja Polska S.A. | 223,25 MHz | 12 | 100 kW |
| TVP2 Telewizja Polska S.A. | 503,25 MHz | 25 | 1000 kW |
| POLSAT Telewizja Polsat S.A. | 775,25 MHz | 59 | 800 kW |
| TVP3 Wrocław Telewizja Polska S.A. Oddział we Wrocławiu | 639,25 MHz | 42 | 800 kW |
Radio
| Programme | Frequency | Emission power |
|---|---|---|
| Radio Maryja Prowincja Warszawska Zgromadzenia O.O. Redemptorystów | 88,90 MHz | 120 kW |
| Radio ZET Radio ZET Sp. z o.o. | 93,60 MHz | 120 kW |
| PR2 Polskie Radio S.A. | 98,80 MHz | 120 kW |
| PR3 Polskie Radio S.A. | 100,20 MHz | 120 kW |
| Radio Wrocław Polskie Radio - Regionalna Rozgłośnia we Wrocławiu "Radio Wrocław" S.A. | 102,30 MHz | 120 kW |
| Radio ESKA Wrocław Radio ESKA S.A. | 104,90 MHz | 60 kW |
External links
- Map of 1600s with Town of Zobten near Zobtenberg (mountain)
- http://radiopolska.pl/wykaz/pokaz_lokalizacja.php?pid=165