Mitsubishi 4N1 engine
Encyclopedia
The Mitsubishi 4N1 engine is a family of all-alloy
four-cylinder
diesel engines developed by Mitsubishi Motors
, produced at the company's powertrain facility in Kyoto
, Japan
for use in Mitsubishi's small to mid-sized global passenger cars.
In June 2006, Mitsubishi Motors and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
announced a joint development project
for a new generation of clean diesel engines to be used in cars export
ed to Europe
with a target of beginning mass production
in 2010and later announced that the engines will be gradually phased into other global markets.
The preliminary version of the 1798 cc engine was first seen in the Concept-cX test car introduced in 2007. The larger 2268 cc was first exhibited in the Concept-ZT
test car introduced in the same year and later used in the Concept-RA
test car introduced in 2008.
With a clean diesel emission performance in mind, all engines are designed to comply with Tier 2 Bin 5
emission regulations in the United States
, Euro 5
standard in Europe and Japan
's Post New Long Term regulations.
Together with Mitsubishi's electric vehicle technology
the new diesel engines are positioned as a core element in the Mitsubishi Motors Environment Initiative Program 2010 (EIP 2010) announced in July 2006.
The 4N1 engine family is the world's first to feature a variable valve timing
(intake side) system applied to passenger car diesel engines.
All engines developed within this family have aluminum cylinder block
, double overhead camshaft layouts, four valves per cylinder, a common rail
injection system with a variable geometry turbocharger
and MIVEC
variable valve timing.
. The 4N13 1.8-liter uses solenoid
fuel-injectors. The larger 4N14 2.3-liter engine uses piezo
fuel-injectors that produce a finer fuel spray. Both engines feature a fast ceramic
glowplug
system. The engines are designed to operate at a lower compression ratio
, thus lowering the combustion pressure, allowing the use of an aluminium cylinder block that reduces weight
.
The 4N13 1.8-liter engine uses a Variable Geometry
(VG) turbocharger
with a variable vane
turbine
, which provides optimal boost pressure
control for different driving conditions. The 4N14 2.3-liter engine also uses a VG turbocharger plus a Variable Diffuser (VD) that uses both variable geometry vanes in the turbine housing and a compressor
with variable vanes in the diffuser passage, further improving combustion efficiency.
Within the engine, Mitsubishi used an offset angle crankshaft
that reduces friction, therefore noise and vibration, allowing the engine to run smoothly and quietly at all engine speeds
.
To meet the requirements of global emissions
standards, Mitsubishi developed a new catalyst system that combines a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), NOx Trap Catalyst
(NTC) and Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF).
Alloy
An alloy is a mixture or metallic solid solution composed of two or more elements. Complete solid solution alloys give single solid phase microstructure, while partial solutions give two or more phases that may or may not be homogeneous in distribution, depending on thermal history...
four-cylinder
Straight-4
The inline-four engine or straight-four engine is an internal combustion engine with all four cylinders mounted in a straight line, or plane along the crankcase. The single bank of cylinders may be oriented in either a vertical or an inclined plane with all the pistons driving a common crankshaft....
diesel engines developed by Mitsubishi Motors
Mitsubishi Motors
is a multinational automaker headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. In 2009 it was the fifth-largest Japan-based automaker and the 17th-largest in the world measured by production...
, produced at the company's powertrain facility in Kyoto
Kyoto
is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area.-History:...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
for use in Mitsubishi's small to mid-sized global passenger cars.
In June 2006, Mitsubishi Motors and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
, or MHI, is a Japanese company. It is one of the core companies of Mitsubishi Group.-History:In 1870 Yataro Iwasaki, the founder of Mitsubishi took a lease of Government-owned Nagasaki Shipyard. He named it Nagasaki Shipyard & Machinery Works, and started the shipbuilding business on a full scale...
announced a joint development project
Project
A project in business and science is typically defined as a collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim. Projects can be further defined as temporary rather than permanent social systems that are constituted by teams...
for a new generation of clean diesel engines to be used in cars export
Export
The term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an "exporter" who is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an "importer"...
ed to Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
with a target of beginning mass production
Mass production
Mass production is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines...
in 2010and later announced that the engines will be gradually phased into other global markets.
The preliminary version of the 1798 cc engine was first seen in the Concept-cX test car introduced in 2007. The larger 2268 cc was first exhibited in the Concept-ZT
Mitsubishi Concept-ZT
The Mitsubishi Concept-ZT is a concept car developed by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors, and first exhibited at the 40th Tokyo Motor Show in September 2007....
test car introduced in the same year and later used in the Concept-RA
Mitsubishi Concept-RA
The Mitsubishi Concept-RA is a concept car manufactured by Mitsubishi Motors, and first revealed on at the North American International Auto Show in January 2008...
test car introduced in 2008.
With a clean diesel emission performance in mind, all engines are designed to comply with Tier 2 Bin 5
US emission standard
In the United States, emissions standards are managed on a national level by the Environmental Protection Agency . State and local governments play a subsidiary role.- Motor vehicles :...
emission regulations in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, Euro 5
European emission standards
European emission standards define the acceptable limits for exhaust emissions of new vehicles sold in EU member states. The emission standards are defined in a series of European Union directives staging the progressive introduction of increasingly stringent standards.Currently, emissions of...
standard in Europe and Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
's Post New Long Term regulations.
Together with Mitsubishi's electric vehicle technology
MIEV
MIEV or MiEV is the name given by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors to its alternative propulsion technologies....
the new diesel engines are positioned as a core element in the Mitsubishi Motors Environment Initiative Program 2010 (EIP 2010) announced in July 2006.
The 4N1 engine family is the world's first to feature a variable valve timing
Variable valve timing
In internal combustion engines, variable valve timing , also known as Variable valve actuation , is a generalized term used to describe any mechanism or method that can alter the shape or timing of a valve lift event within an internal combustion engine...
(intake side) system applied to passenger car diesel engines.
All engines developed within this family have aluminum cylinder block
Cylinder block
A cylinder block is an integrated structure comprising the cylinder of a reciprocating engine and often some or all of their associated surrounding structures...
, double overhead camshaft layouts, four valves per cylinder, a common rail
Common rail
Common rail direct fuel injection is a modern variant of direct fuel injection system for petrol and diesel engines.On diesel engines, it features a high-pressure fuel rail feeding individual solenoid valves, as opposed to low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors...
injection system with a variable geometry turbocharger
Variable geometry turbocharger
Variable-geometry turbochargers are a family of turbochargers, usually designed to allow the effective aspect ratio of the turbo to be altered as conditions change. This is done because optimum aspect ratio at low engine speeds is very different from that at high engine speeds...
and MIVEC
MIVEC
MIVEC is the brand name of a variable valve timing engine technology developed by Mitsubishi Motors...
variable valve timing.
Engine family characteristics
Mitsubishi's new clean diesel engines use a 200 MPa (2,000 bar) high-pressure common rail injection system to improve combustion efficiencyInternal combustion engine
The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high -pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine...
. The 4N13 1.8-liter uses solenoid
Solenoid
A solenoid is a coil wound into a tightly packed helix. In physics, the term solenoid refers to a long, thin loop of wire, often wrapped around a metallic core, which produces a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through it. Solenoids are important because they can create...
fuel-injectors. The larger 4N14 2.3-liter engine uses piezo
Piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity is the charge which accumulates in certain solid materials in response to applied mechanical stress. The word piezoelectricity means electricity resulting from pressure...
fuel-injectors that produce a finer fuel spray. Both engines feature a fast ceramic
Ceramic
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous...
glowplug
Glowplug
A glowplug is a heating device used to aid starting diesel engines.-Purpose:Diesel engines, unlike petrol engines, do not use spark plugs to induce combustion...
system. The engines are designed to operate at a lower compression ratio
Compression ratio
The 'compression ratio' of an internal-combustion engine or external combustion engine is a value that represents the ratio of the volume of its combustion chamber from its largest capacity to its smallest capacity...
, thus lowering the combustion pressure, allowing the use of an aluminium cylinder block that reduces weight
Weight
In science and engineering, the weight of an object is the force on the object due to gravity. Its magnitude , often denoted by an italic letter W, is the product of the mass m of the object and the magnitude of the local gravitational acceleration g; thus:...
.
The 4N13 1.8-liter engine uses a Variable Geometry
Variable geometry turbocharger
Variable-geometry turbochargers are a family of turbochargers, usually designed to allow the effective aspect ratio of the turbo to be altered as conditions change. This is done because optimum aspect ratio at low engine speeds is very different from that at high engine speeds...
(VG) turbocharger
Turbocharger
A turbocharger, or turbo , from the Greek "τύρβη" is a centrifugal compressor powered by a turbine that is driven by an engine's exhaust gases. Its benefit lies with the compressor increasing the mass of air entering the engine , thereby resulting in greater performance...
with a variable vane
Vane
Vane may refer to:* Cooper vane* Vane anemometer* Weather vaneA vane is also each of the parts besides the shaft in a pennaceous feather...
turbine
Turbine
A turbine is a rotary engine that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work.The simplest turbines have one moving part, a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades, or the blades react to the flow, so that they move and...
, which provides optimal boost pressure
Boost controller
A boost controller is a device to control the boost level produced in the intake manifold of a turbocharged or supercharged engine by affecting the air pressure delivered to the pneumatic and mechanical wastegate actuator...
control for different driving conditions. The 4N14 2.3-liter engine also uses a VG turbocharger plus a Variable Diffuser (VD) that uses both variable geometry vanes in the turbine housing and a compressor
Gas compressor
A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume.Compressors are similar to pumps: both increase the pressure on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a pipe. As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of a gas...
with variable vanes in the diffuser passage, further improving combustion efficiency.
Within the engine, Mitsubishi used an offset angle crankshaft
Crankshaft
The crankshaft, sometimes casually abbreviated to crank, is the part of an engine which translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotation...
that reduces friction, therefore noise and vibration, allowing the engine to run smoothly and quietly at all engine speeds
Revolutions per minute
Revolutions per minute is a measure of the frequency of a rotation. It annotates the number of full rotations completed in one minute around a fixed axis...
.
To meet the requirements of global emissions
Exhaust gas
Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline/petrol, diesel fuel, fuel oil or coal. According to the type of engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe, flue gas stack or propelling nozzle.It often disperses...
standards, Mitsubishi developed a new catalyst system that combines a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), NOx Trap Catalyst
NOx adsorber
A NOx adsorber or NOx trap is a device that is used to reduce oxides of nitrogen emissions from a lean burn internal combustion engine.-Purpose and function of a NOx adsorber:...
(NTC) and Diesel Particulate Filter
Diesel Particulate Filter
A diesel particulate filter is a device designed to remove diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine. Wall-flow diesel particulate filters usually remove 85% or more of the soot, and under certain conditions can attain soot removal efficiencies of close to 100%...
(DPF).
Specifications
| Engine type | Inline 4-cylinder, DOHC 16v, MIVEC (intake) |
| Displacement | 1.8 L (1798 cc) |
| Bore | 83 mm |
| Stroke | 83.1 mm |
| Compression ratio | 14.9:1 |
| Turbocharger | variable geometry turbocharger, intercooler |
| Fuel system | Common rail with solenoid injectors |
| Peak power | 110 kW at 4000 rpm 85 kW at 4000 rpm (low power version) |
| Peak torque | 300 newton metre at 2000-3000 rpm |
Specifications
| Engine type | Inline 4-cylinder, DOHC 16v, MIVEC |
| Displacement | 2.3 L (2268 cc) |
| Bore | 86 mm |
| Stroke | 97.6 mm |
| Turbocharger | variable geometry turbocharger / variable diffuser, intercooler |
| Fuel system | Common rail with piezo injectors |
| Peak power | 130 kW at 3500 rpm |
| Peak torque | 380 newton metre at 2000 rpm |