Minuscule 424
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 424 Ο12 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 11th century.
Formerly it was designated by 66a and 67p.
, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles
on 353 parchment leaves . The text is written in one columns per page, in 22 lines per page.
It contains Prolegomena (to the Acts and Pauline epistles), Synaxarion, Menologion, subscriptions at the end of each sacred book, and pictures. The Catholic epistles have subscriptions with numbers of stichoi
.
Three different hands made some corrections.
According to the subscription at the end of the Epistle to the Romans
: επιστολη προς Ρωμαιους εγραφη δια Φοιβης διακονου της εν Κεγχρειαις εκκλησιας.
except Pauline epistles. Aland
placed it in Category V. The text of the Pauline epistles has higher value, Aland placed it in Category III.
It is often agree with the codex 1739
.
In Acts 24:6b-8a it has unique reading εκρατησαμεν και κατα τον ημετερον νομον ηβουληθημεν κριναι κατα τον ημετερον νομον ελθων δε ο χιλιαρχος Λυσιας βια πολλη εκ των χειρων ημων αφιλετο και προς δε απεστειλε κελευσας τους κατηγορους αυτου ερχεσθαι προς σε.
In a margin notes for the text 1 John 5:6 corrector c added reading δι' ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος καὶ πνεύματος (through water and blood and spirit) together with the manuscripts: Codex Sinaiticus
, Codex Alexandrinus
, 104
, 614
, 1739c
, 2412, 2495, ℓ 598m, syrh, copsa, copbo, Origen
.For the another variants of this verse see: Textual variants in the First Epistle of John. Bart D. Ehrman
identified this textual variant as Orthodox corrupt reading.
, Birch, and Griesbach
.
Alter used it in his edition of the Greek New Testament (vol. 2, 415-558). C. R. Gregory saw it in 1887. Formerly it was designated by 66a and 67p. In 1908 Gregory gave the number 424 to it.
The manuscript is currently housed at the Austrian National Library
(Theol. gr. 302) in Vienna
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 11th century.
Formerly it was designated by 66a and 67p.
Description
The codex contains the text of the Acts of the ApostlesActs of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles , usually referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; Acts outlines the history of the Apostolic Age...
, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles
Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents...
on 353 parchment leaves . The text is written in one columns per page, in 22 lines per page.
It contains Prolegomena (to the Acts and Pauline epistles), Synaxarion, Menologion, subscriptions at the end of each sacred book, and pictures. The Catholic epistles have subscriptions with numbers of stichoi
Stichometry
Stichometry is a term applied to the measurement of ancient texts by στίχοι or verses of a fixed standard length.It was the custom of the Greeks and Romans to estimate the length of their literary works by measured lines...
.
Three different hands made some corrections.
According to the subscription at the end of the Epistle to the Romans
Epistle to the Romans
The Epistle of Paul to the Romans, often shortened to Romans, is the sixth book in the New Testament. Biblical scholars agree that it was composed by the Apostle Paul to explain that Salvation is offered through the Gospel of Jesus Christ...
: επιστολη προς Ρωμαιους εγραφη δια Φοιβης διακονου της εν Κεγχρειαις εκκλησιας.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
except Pauline epistles. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V. The text of the Pauline epistles has higher value, Aland placed it in Category III.
It is often agree with the codex 1739
Minuscule 1739
Minuscule 1739 ; α 78 per is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 102 parchment leaves . It is dated paleographically to the 10th century.- Description :...
.
In Acts 24:6b-8a it has unique reading εκρατησαμεν και κατα τον ημετερον νομον ηβουληθημεν κριναι κατα τον ημετερον νομον ελθων δε ο χιλιαρχος Λυσιας βια πολλη εκ των χειρων ημων αφιλετο και προς δε απεστειλε κελευσας τους κατηγορους αυτου ερχεσθαι προς σε.
In a margin notes for the text 1 John 5:6 corrector c added reading δι' ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος καὶ πνεύματος (through water and blood and spirit) together with the manuscripts: Codex Sinaiticus
Codex Sinaiticus
Codex Sinaiticus is one of the four great uncial codices, an ancient, handwritten copy of the Greek Bible. It is an Alexandrian text-type manuscript written in the 4th century in uncial letters on parchment. Current scholarship considers the Codex Sinaiticus to be one of the best Greek texts of...
, Codex Alexandrinus
Codex Alexandrinus
The Codex Alexandrinus is a 5th century manuscript of the Greek Bible,The Greek Bible in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early history of Christianity...
, 104
Minuscule 104
Minuscule 104 , α 103 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.Formerly it was labelled by 25a, 31p, and 7r....
, 614
Minuscule 614
Minuscule 614 , α 364 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 1739c
Minuscule 1739
Minuscule 1739 ; α 78 per is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 102 parchment leaves . It is dated paleographically to the 10th century.- Description :...
, 2412, 2495, ℓ 598m, syrh, copsa, copbo, Origen
Origen
Origen , or Origen Adamantius, 184/5–253/4, was an early Christian Alexandrian scholar and theologian, and one of the most distinguished writers of the early Church. As early as the fourth century, his orthodoxy was suspect, in part because he believed in the pre-existence of souls...
.For the another variants of this verse see: Textual variants in the First Epistle of John. Bart D. Ehrman
Bart D. Ehrman
Bart D. Ehrman is an American New Testament scholar, currently the James A. Gray Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill....
identified this textual variant as Orthodox corrupt reading.
History
The manuscript once belonged to Arsenius, Archbishop of Momembasia, then to Sebastian Tengnagel and John Sambue. It was examined by Treschow, AlterFrancis Karl Alter
Francis Karl Alter , a Jesuit, born in Silesia, and professor of Greek at Vienna, was an editor of the Greek text of the New Testament. His edition was different from those of Mill, Wettstein, and Griesbach, because he used only the manuscripts housed at the Imperial Library at Vienna...
, Birch, and Griesbach
Johann Jakob Griesbach
Johann Jakob Griesbach , German biblical textual critic, was born at Butzbach, a small town in the state of Hesse, where his father, Konrad Kaspar , was pastor...
.
Alter used it in his edition of the Greek New Testament (vol. 2, 415-558). C. R. Gregory saw it in 1887. Formerly it was designated by 66a and 67p. In 1908 Gregory gave the number 424 to it.
The manuscript is currently housed at the Austrian National Library
Austrian National Library
The Austrian National Library , is the largest library in Austria, with 7.4 million items in its collections. It is located in the Hofburg Palace in Vienna; since 2005 some of the collections are located in the baroque Palais Mollard-Clary...
(Theol. gr. 302) in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
- Family 1739Family 1739Family 1739 is a group of the New Testament manuscripts. The textual relation of this family to the main text-types, as Alexandrian, Western, and Byzantine is still unclear. According to some scholars it represents the same text-type as the Caesarean text-type...
Further reading
- Andreas Christian Hwiid, Libellus criticus de indole codicis ms. Graeci Novi Testamenti bibliothecae Caesareo-Vindobonensis Lambecii XXXIV. Accessit textus Latinus ss Antehieronymianus ex codice Laudiano, Kopenhagen 1785.
- J. Neville Birdsall, A Byzantine Calendar from the Menology of two Biblical Mss, Analecta Bollandiana 84 (Brussels, 1966), pp. 29-57.
External links
- Minuscule 424 at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism