Minuscule 4
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 4 ε 371 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on 212 parchment leaves , dated palaeographically
to the 13th century. Formerly it was named Codex Regius 84.
It has full marginalia
. It was adapted for liturgical use.
s with four lacunae
(Matthew 2:9-20; Mark 15:42-16:14; John 1:1-13.49-3:11). The text is written in one column per page, 26-28 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numerals are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections
(in Mark 227 sections), with references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum
, tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) are placed before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), incipits, synaxaria, Menologion, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, numbers of στιχοι
, and extracts from some Church Fathers
.
The Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) is marked with an obelus
.
its text is mixed but with a strong Byzantine
element.
Aland
did not place it in any Category
. Textually it is close to the codex 273
.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents Kx
in Luke 10 and Luke 20. In Luke 1
it has mixed Byzantine text.
In Matthew 21:31 it has textual variant ὁ δεύτερος (the second) against ὁ πρῶτος (the first), ὁ ὕστερος (the last), or ὁ ἔσχατος (the last). This reading is supported by the codex 273
and ℓ 547.
in his edition of Novum Testamentum
, and by Robert Estienne
in his Editio Regia
(1550), who designated it by him as γ'. John Mill
noticed its affinity to the Latin versions and the Complutensian Polyglot
.
It was examined by Scholz and Paulin Martin
. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885.
The codex is located now at the National Library of France (Gr. 84) in Paris
.
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on 212 parchment leaves , dated palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
to the 13th century. Formerly it was named Codex Regius 84.
It has full marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
. It was adapted for liturgical use.
Description
The codex contains almost complete text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s with four lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
(Matthew 2:9-20; Mark 15:42-16:14; John 1:1-13.49-3:11). The text is written in one column per page, 26-28 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numerals are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections
Ammonian Sections
Eusebian canons or Eusebian sections, also known as Ammonian Sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively...
(in Mark 227 sections), with references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum
Epistula ad Carpianum
The Epistula ad Carpianum is the title traditionally given to a letter from Eusebius of Caesarea to a Christian named Carpianus....
, tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) are placed before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), incipits, synaxaria, Menologion, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, numbers of στιχοι
Stichometry
Stichometry is a term applied to the measurement of ancient texts by στίχοι or verses of a fixed standard length.It was the custom of the Greeks and Romans to estimate the length of their literary works by measured lines...
, and extracts from some Church Fathers
Church Fathers
The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were early and influential theologians, eminent Christian teachers and great bishops. Their scholarly works were used as a precedent for centuries to come...
.
The Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) is marked with an obelus
Obelus
An obelus is a symbol consisting of a short horizontal line with a dot above and below. It is mainly used to represent the mathematical operation of division. It is therefore commonly referred to as the division sign.- History :The word "obelus" comes from the Greek word for a sharpened stick,...
.
Text
The Greek text of this codex is a mixture of text-types. According to TischendorfConstantin von Tischendorf
Lobegott Friedrich Constantin Tischendorf was a noted German Biblical scholar. He deciphered the Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, a 5th century Greek manuscript of the New Testament, in the 1840s, and rediscovered the Codex Sinaiticus, a 4th century New Testament manuscript, in 1859.Tischendorf...
its text is mixed but with a strong Byzantine
Byzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
element.
Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
did not place it in any Category
Categories of New Testament manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in Der Text des Neuen Testaments. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian...
. Textually it is close to the codex 273
Minuscule 273
Minuscule 273 , ε 370 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum, but partly on cotton paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century....
.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
in Luke 10 and Luke 20. In Luke 1
Luke 1
Luke 1 is the first chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It describes the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. It is written to Theophilus, who could be a real person or could simply mean a fellow Christian as theo philus is Greek for God lover...
it has mixed Byzantine text.
In Matthew 21:31 it has textual variant ὁ δεύτερος (the second) against ὁ πρῶτος (the first), ὁ ὕστερος (the last), or ὁ ἔσχατος (the last). This reading is supported by the codex 273
Minuscule 273
Minuscule 273 , ε 370 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum, but partly on cotton paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century....
and ℓ 547.
History
The manuscript was used by ErasmusDesiderius Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus , known as Erasmus of Rotterdam, was a Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, and a theologian....
in his edition of Novum Testamentum
Novum Instrumentum omne
Novum Instrumentum omne was the first published New Testament in Greek . It was prepared by Desiderius Erasmus and printed by Johann Froben of Basel. Although the first printed Greek New Testament was the Complutensian Polyglot , it was the second to be published...
, and by Robert Estienne
Robert Estienne
Robert I Estienne , known as Robertus Stephanus in Latin and also referred to as Robert Stephens by 18th and 19th-century English writers, was a 16th century printer and classical scholar in Paris...
in his Editio Regia
Editio Regia
Editio Regia , it is the third and the most important edition of the Greek New Testament of Robert Estienne . It is one of the most important printed editions of the Greek New Testament in history, the Textus Receptus. It was named Editio Regia because of the beautiful and elegant Greek font it...
(1550), who designated it by him as γ'. John Mill
John Mill
John Mill was an English theologian. He is noted for his critical edition of the Greek New Testament which included notes on many variant readings.-Biography:...
noticed its affinity to the Latin versions and the Complutensian Polyglot
Complutensian Polyglot Bible
The Complutensian Polyglot Bible is the name given to the first printed polyglot of the entire Bible, initiated and financed by Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros . It includes the first printed editions of the Greek New Testament, the complete Septuagint, and the Targum Onkelos...
.
It was examined by Scholz and Paulin Martin
Paulin Martin
Paulin Martin was a French Catholic Biblical scholar.-Life:...
. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885.
The codex is located now at the National Library of France (Gr. 84) in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
.
Further reading
- Jean-Pierre-Paul MartinPaulin MartinPaulin Martin was a French Catholic Biblical scholar.-Life:...
, Description technique des manuscrits grecs, relatif au Nouveau Testament, conservé dans les bibliothèques des Paris (Paris 1883), p. 18-19
External links
- Minuscule 4 at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism