Makó
Encyclopedia
Makó ˈmɒkoː is a town in Csongrád County in southeastern Hungary
. It lies on the Maros River, near the Romania
n border. The area of the town is 229.23 km² (89 sq mi) of which 196.8 km² (76 sq mi) is arable land. The climate is very warm with hot and dry summers. Makó and the surrounding region get the most sunshine in Hungary
, about 85-90 sunny days a year. The sun shines more than 2,100 hours a year in Makó. However, the 100 year average of precipitation
is only 585 millimetres (23 in) per year. The average medium temperature is 10.9 °C (51.6 °F).
comes from agriculture
The town is famous for its onion
and garlic
produce. Both the climate and the soil structure make the town and its surroundings an ideal place for onion farming. Growing onions in the region goes back to the 16th century. The first records of significant garlic production goes back to the late 18th century. International recognition of the garlic grown in Makó has been prevalent since the Vienna Expo
in 1873 and the Brussels
Expo in 1888.
The mud of the Maros River has similar properties to some of the best in Hungary
and the world. At times it is likened to that of the Dead Sea
and the local spa
has been one of the main attractions since 1961.
With the political changes in 1989, however, Makó lost most of its industry and unemployment (currently ca. 8%) became a serious issue. Even farmers experienced great difficulties. With the establishment of an industrial park
, the town hopes to take advantage of its location at "The South-Eastern Gate of the European Union
."
Makó is more recently famous due to the nearby Makó Trough, a basin-centered gas accumulation that could be one of the largest natural gas fields in continental Europe, provided the gas can be recovered economically. As of early March 2007, this had not yet been clearly demonstrated. At the 90% probability rate, Makó had certified recoverable resources of over 600 billion cubic meters of natural gas, according to a report by the Scotia Group, prepared for the field's exploration concession holder, the Canada-based Falcon Oil and Gas.
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
.
The town was once one of the largest centers of the Jewish population in Hungary. The synagogue
has been rebuilt recently.
Many famous Hungarian people were born or lived in Makó. Perhaps the most recognized person among them is the American
journalist, Joseph Pulitzer
who was born there on April 18, 1847.
Jews began to settle there about the middle of the 18th-century, under the protection of Stanislavich, the Bishop of Csanad, who, in 1740, assigned a special quarter
to them. They soon formed a community, and by 1747 had established a ḥebra ḳaddisha.
The first rabbi of Mako was Judah ben Abraham ha-Levi (who occupied the rabbinate from 1778 to 1824).
He was succeeded by Salomon Ullman (1826–63). Ullman wrote a commentary on certain sections of Yoreh De'ah
, under the title "Yeri'ot Shelomoh" (Vienna, 1854).
He was followed by Anton Enoch Fischer (1864–96), former rabbi of Duna-Földvar. Fischer introduced German
and (later) Hungarian
in his sermons.
The present (1904) incumbent is Dr. A. Kecskemeti.
Mako has a Jewish school (of which Marcus Steinhardt has been one of the teachers for 40 years), established in 1851, a Jewish women's association, a Jewish students' aid society, and a Jewish women's lying-in hospital.
. The traditional name of the area, Csordajárás shows its former use as grazing ground for cattles.
with:
Ada, Serbia
Atça
, Turkey
, since May 2008 Jasło, Poland
, since June 1998 Kiryat Yam, Israel
Löbau
, Germany
Martinsicuro
, Italy
Miercurea Ciuc, Romania
Radomsko
, Poland
Xinyang
, China
Zeliezovce, Slovakia
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
. It lies on the Maros River, near the Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
n border. The area of the town is 229.23 km² (89 sq mi) of which 196.8 km² (76 sq mi) is arable land. The climate is very warm with hot and dry summers. Makó and the surrounding region get the most sunshine in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, about 85-90 sunny days a year. The sun shines more than 2,100 hours a year in Makó. However, the 100 year average of precipitation
Precipitation (meteorology)
In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation (also known as one of the classes of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation...
is only 585 millimetres (23 in) per year. The average medium temperature is 10.9 °C (51.6 °F).
Economy
The main source of income for the populationPopulation
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
comes from agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
The town is famous for its onion
Onion
The onion , also known as the bulb onion, common onion and garden onion, is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. The genus Allium also contains a number of other species variously referred to as onions and cultivated for food, such as the Japanese bunching onion The onion...
and garlic
Garlic
Allium sativum, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion genus, Allium. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, and rakkyo. Dating back over 6,000 years, garlic is native to central Asia, and has long been a staple in the Mediterranean region, as well as a frequent...
produce. Both the climate and the soil structure make the town and its surroundings an ideal place for onion farming. Growing onions in the region goes back to the 16th century. The first records of significant garlic production goes back to the late 18th century. International recognition of the garlic grown in Makó has been prevalent since the Vienna Expo
Weltausstellung 1873 Wien
]The Weltausstellung 1873 Wien was the large World exposition was held in 1873 in the Austria–Hungarian capital of Vienna. Its motto was Kultur und Erziehung ....
in 1873 and the Brussels
Brussels
Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
Expo in 1888.
The mud of the Maros River has similar properties to some of the best in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
and the world. At times it is likened to that of the Dead Sea
Dead Sea
The Dead Sea , also called the Salt Sea, is a salt lake bordering Jordan to the east and Israel and the West Bank to the west. Its surface and shores are below sea level, the lowest elevation on the Earth's surface. The Dead Sea is deep, the deepest hypersaline lake in the world...
and the local spa
Day spa
A day spa is a business establishment which people visit for professionally administered personal care treatments such as massages and facials. It is similar to a beauty salon in that it is only visited for the duration of the treatment. Day spas sited in airport terminals are often called airport...
has been one of the main attractions since 1961.
With the political changes in 1989, however, Makó lost most of its industry and unemployment (currently ca. 8%) became a serious issue. Even farmers experienced great difficulties. With the establishment of an industrial park
Industrial park
An industrial park is an area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development...
, the town hopes to take advantage of its location at "The South-Eastern Gate of the European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
."
Makó is more recently famous due to the nearby Makó Trough, a basin-centered gas accumulation that could be one of the largest natural gas fields in continental Europe, provided the gas can be recovered economically. As of early March 2007, this had not yet been clearly demonstrated. At the 90% probability rate, Makó had certified recoverable resources of over 600 billion cubic meters of natural gas, according to a report by the Scotia Group, prepared for the field's exploration concession holder, the Canada-based Falcon Oil and Gas.
History
Once Makó used to be the capital of Csanád, a historic administrative county (comitatusComitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)
A county is the name of a type of administrative units in the Kingdom of Hungary and in Hungary from the 10th century until the present day....
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
.
The town was once one of the largest centers of the Jewish population in Hungary. The synagogue
Synagogue
A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. This use of the Greek term synagogue originates in the Septuagint where it sometimes translates the Hebrew word for assembly, kahal...
has been rebuilt recently.
Many famous Hungarian people were born or lived in Makó. Perhaps the most recognized person among them is the American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
journalist, Joseph Pulitzer
Joseph Pulitzer
Joseph Pulitzer April 10, 1847 – October 29, 1911), born Politzer József, was a Hungarian-American newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post Dispatch and the New York World. Pulitzer introduced the techniques of "new journalism" to the newspapers he acquired in the 1880s and became a leading...
who was born there on April 18, 1847.
Jewish history
Makov was the town in the county of Csanad. It has a total population of 33,722, of which 1,642 are Jews (1900).Jews began to settle there about the middle of the 18th-century, under the protection of Stanislavich, the Bishop of Csanad, who, in 1740, assigned a special quarter
Jewish quarter (diaspora)
In the Jewish Diaspora, a Jewish quarter is the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews. Jewish quarters, like the Jewish ghettos in Europe, were often the outgrowths of segregated ghettos instituted by the surrounding Christian authorities. A Yiddish term for a Jewish quarter or...
to them. They soon formed a community, and by 1747 had established a ḥebra ḳaddisha.
The first rabbi of Mako was Judah ben Abraham ha-Levi (who occupied the rabbinate from 1778 to 1824).
He was succeeded by Salomon Ullman (1826–63). Ullman wrote a commentary on certain sections of Yoreh De'ah
Yoreh De'ah
Yoreh De'ah is a section of Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation of halakha , Arba'ah Turim around 1300. This section treats all aspects of Jewish law not pertinent to the Hebrew calendar, finance, torts, marriage, divorce, or sexual conduct....
, under the title "Yeri'ot Shelomoh" (Vienna, 1854).
He was followed by Anton Enoch Fischer (1864–96), former rabbi of Duna-Földvar. Fischer introduced German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
and (later) Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
in his sermons.
The present (1904) incumbent is Dr. A. Kecskemeti.
Mako has a Jewish school (of which Marcus Steinhardt has been one of the teachers for 40 years), established in 1851, a Jewish women's association, a Jewish students' aid society, and a Jewish women's lying-in hospital.
Geography
The former community pasture of the town near the Maros River became part of the Körös-Maros National ParkKörös-Maros National Park
Körös-Maros National Park is one of the 10 national parks in Hungary , located in Békés county, in the Southern Great Plain. The park was created in 1997 for the protection of birds....
. The traditional name of the area, Csordajárás shows its former use as grazing ground for cattles.
People
- Moritz LöwMoritz LöwMoritz Löw, astronomer; born at Makó, Hungary, in 1841; died in Steglitz, Berlin, May 25, 1900; studied at the universities of Leipzig and Vienna, and received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Budapest...
(1841–1900, Steglitz, Berlin), Jewish Hungarian-German astronomer - Joseph PulitzerJoseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer April 10, 1847 – October 29, 1911), born Politzer József, was a Hungarian-American newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post Dispatch and the New York World. Pulitzer introduced the techniques of "new journalism" to the newspapers he acquired in the 1880s and became a leading...
(1847–1911), Jewish Hungarian-US journalist - Emil MakaiEmil MakaiEmil Makai is an Hungarian-Jewish poet, and son of a rabbi. He was born in Makó, and in 1884 he went to Budapest.-Books:* Vallásos énekek * Zsidó költők...
(1871–1901, Budapest), Jewish Hungarian poet - József Galamb (1881–1955), Hungarian-US engineer
- André (Endre Antal Mihály) de (Sasvári Farkasfalvi Tóthfalusi) TothAndré De TothAndré de Toth was a Hungarian-American filmmaker, born and raised in Makó, Csongrád, Kingdom of Hungary Austro-Hungarian Empire. He directed the 3-D film House of Wax, despite being unable to see in 3-D himself, having lost an eye at an early age. He is known for his gritty B movies in the western...
(1912–2002), Hungarian-US producer - Géza VermesGeza VermesGéza Vermes or Vermès is a British scholar of Jewish Hungarian origin and writer on religious history, particularly Jewish and Christian. He is a noted authority on the Dead Sea Scrolls and other ancient works in Aramaic, and on the life and religion of Jesus...
(born 1924), Jewish theologian, orientalist - Palya Bea (born 1976), female singer (de)
- Krisztina PigniczkiKrisztina PigniczkiKrisztina Pigniczki is a Hungarian team handball player and Olympic medalist. She received a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, and a silver medal at the 2003 World Women's Handball Championship in Croatia...
- Antal Páger
- István DégiIstván DégiIstván Dégi was a Hungarian actor.-References:...
- Kátai TamásKátai TamásKátai Tamás is a Hungarian avant-garde musician. He is most notable for being in the avant-garde post-black metal group Thy Catafalque. He has been in a number of different bands and has also done numerous solo material....
(born 1975), musician - Béla H. BánáthyBéla H. BánáthyBéla Heinrich Bánáthy was a Hungarian linguist, systems scientist and a professor at San Jose State University and UC Berkeley. Bánáthy was the founder of the White Stag Leadership Development Program whose leadership model was adopted across the United States...
(1919–2003), linguistLinguisticsLinguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
, systems scientistSystems scienceSystems science is an interdisciplinary field of science that studies the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science. It aims to develop interdisciplinary foundations, which are applicable in a variety of areas, such as engineering, biology, medicine and social sciences.Systems...
, educator, founder of White Stag Leadership Development ProgramWhite Stag Leadership Development ProgramThe White Stag Leadership Development Program is a non-profit organization that sponsors youth leadership development activities. Founded on the Monterey Peninsula, California, in 1958 by Dr. Béla H. Bánáthy, it traces its history to the 1933 World Jamboree in Gödöllő, Hungary, which took as its...
Twin towns — Sister cities
Makó is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with:
Ada, Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
Atça
Atça
Atça is a town in the district of Sultanhisar in Turkey's Aydın Province. The plan of the town comes from Paris's Place de l'Étoile.- External links :* *...
, Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
, since May 2008 Jasło, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, since June 1998 Kiryat Yam, Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
Löbau
Lobau
The Lobau is a Vienna floodplain on the northern side of the Danube and partly in Großenzersdorf, Lower Austria. It has been part of the Danube-Auen National Park since 1996 and has been a protected area since 1978. It is used as a recreational area and is known as a site of nudism. There is...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
Martinsicuro
Martinsicuro
Martinsicuro is a town and comune in province of Teramo, Abruzzo, central Italy. It is located on the right of the mouth of Tronto River.-History:...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
Miercurea Ciuc, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
Radomsko
Radomsko
Radomsko is a town in central Poland with 50,618 inhabitants . It is situated on the Radomka river in the Łódź Voivodeship , having previously been in Piotrków Trybunalski Voivodeship . It is the capital of Radomsko County....
, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
Xinyang
Xinyang
Xinyang is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Henan province, People's Republic of China, the southernmost such administrative division in the province.-Recent history:...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
Zeliezovce, Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...