Luigi Einaudi
Encyclopedia
Luigi Einaudi Cavaliere di Gran Croce decorato di Gran Cordone OMRI
(March 24, 1874 – October 30, 1961) was an Italian
politician
and economist. He served as the second President of the Italian Republic between 1948 and 1955.
, in the province of Cuneo
, Piemonte. In Turin
he attended Liceo classico Cavour
and completed his university studies; in the same years he became acquainted with socialist
ideas and collaborated with the magazine Critica sociale, directed by the socialist leader Filippo Turati
. In 1895, after overcoming financial difficulties, he graduated in jurisprudence, and was later appointed as professor in the University of Turin
, the Polytechnic University of Turin
and the Bocconi University
of Milan
.
and Il Corriere della Sera, as well as being financial correspondent for The Economist
. An anti-fascist, he stopped working for Italian newspapers from 1926, under the Fascist regime, resuming his professional relationship with the Corriere della Sera after the fall of the regime in 1943. After the Armistice
(September 8, 1943) he fled to Switzerland
, returning to Italy in 1944.
Einaudi was Governor of the Bank of Italy
from January 5, 1945 until May 11, 1948, and was also a founding member of the Consulta Nazionale which opened the way to the new Parliament of the Italian Republic after World War II
. Later he was Minister of Finances, Treasury and Balance, as well as Vice-Premier, in 1947-1948.
. At the end of the seven year term of office in 1955 he became Life Senator.
Einaudi was a member of numerous cultural, economic and university institutions. He was a supporter of the ideal of European Federalism. He also personally managed the activities of his farm near Dogliani
, where he applied the most advanced agricultural developments.
Luigi Einaudi died in Rome in 1961.
, a prominent Italian publisher, and his grandson, Ludovico
, a minimalist composer, have subsequently made names for themselves.
Another son, Mario, was a Cornell University
professor and active anti-fascist. The Mario Einaudi Center For International Studies is named after him. Additionally, Luigi founded the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi in Turin in honor of his father.
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic was founded as the senior order of knighthood by the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi in 1951...
(March 24, 1874 – October 30, 1961) was an Italian
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
and economist. He served as the second President of the Italian Republic between 1948 and 1955.
Early life
Einaudi was born to Freda and Heinrich Einaudi in CarrùCarrù
Carrù is a comune in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 km south of Turin and about 30 km northeast of Cuneo....
, in the province of Cuneo
Province of Cuneo
ayr is a province in the southwest of the Piedmont region of Italy. To the west it borders on the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur ....
, Piemonte. In Turin
Turin
Turin is a city and major business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River and surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat...
he attended Liceo classico Cavour
Liceo classico Cavour
Liceo Ginnasio statale "Camillo Benso di Cavour" is the oldest Liceo classico in Turin and one among the oldest and most prominent high schools in Italy, for boys aged 14 to 19. It was transferred to its present location in 1931.-History:...
and completed his university studies; in the same years he became acquainted with socialist
Socialism
Socialism is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy; or a political philosophy advocating such a system. "Social ownership" may refer to any one of, or a combination of, the following: cooperative enterprises,...
ideas and collaborated with the magazine Critica sociale, directed by the socialist leader Filippo Turati
Filippo Turati
Filippo Turati was an Italian sociologist, poet and Socialist politician.-Early life:Born in Canzo, province of Como, he graduated in law at the University of Bologna in 1877, and participated in the Scapigliatura movement with the most important artists of the period in Milan, publishing poetry...
. In 1895, after overcoming financial difficulties, he graduated in jurisprudence, and was later appointed as professor in the University of Turin
University of Turin
The University of Turin is a university in the city of Turin in the Piedmont region of north-western Italy...
, the Polytechnic University of Turin
Polytechnic University of Turin
The Polytechnic University of Turin is an engineering university based in Turin, northern Italy. Established in 1859, Politecnico di Torino is Italy’s oldest Technical University. In 2011 it was ranked as the best engineering university in Italy in the Academic Ranking of World Universities.It is...
and the Bocconi University
Bocconi University
Bocconi University is a private university located in central Milan, beside Parco Ravizza. Bocconi provides undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate education, in addition to a range of double degree programs, in the fields of economics, management, finance and law. According to many university...
of Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
.
Early political life
From the early 20th century Einaudi moved increasingly towards a more conservative stance. In 1919 he was named Senator of the Kingdom of Italy. He also worked as a journalist for important Italian newspapers such as La StampaLa Stampa
La Stampa is one of the best-known, most influential and most widely sold Italian daily newspapers. Published in Turin, it is distributed in Italy and other European nations. The current owner is the Fiat Group.-History:...
and Il Corriere della Sera, as well as being financial correspondent for The Economist
The Economist
The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd. and edited in offices in the City of Westminster, London, England. Continuous publication began under founder James Wilson in September 1843...
. An anti-fascist, he stopped working for Italian newspapers from 1926, under the Fascist regime, resuming his professional relationship with the Corriere della Sera after the fall of the regime in 1943. After the Armistice
Armistice with Italy
The Armistice with Italy was an armistice signed on September 3 and publicly declared on September 8, 1943, during World War II, between Italy and the Allied armed forces, who were then occupying the southern end of the country, entailing the capitulation of Italy...
(September 8, 1943) he fled to Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
, returning to Italy in 1944.
Einaudi was Governor of the Bank of Italy
Banca d'Italia
Banca d'Italia is the central bank of Italy and part of the European System of Central Banks. It is located in Palazzo Koch, Roma, via Nazionale...
from January 5, 1945 until May 11, 1948, and was also a founding member of the Consulta Nazionale which opened the way to the new Parliament of the Italian Republic after World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. Later he was Minister of Finances, Treasury and Balance, as well as Vice-Premier, in 1947-1948.
President of the Italian Republic
On May 11, 1948 he was elected the second President of the Italian RepublicPresident of the Italian Republic
The President of the Italian Republic is the head of state of Italy and, as such, is intended to represent national unity and guarantee that Italian politics comply with the Constitution. The president's term of office lasts for seven years....
. At the end of the seven year term of office in 1955 he became Life Senator.
Einaudi was a member of numerous cultural, economic and university institutions. He was a supporter of the ideal of European Federalism. He also personally managed the activities of his farm near Dogliani
Dogliani
Dogliani is a comune in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 km southeast of Turin and about 35 km northeast of Cuneo....
, where he applied the most advanced agricultural developments.
Luigi Einaudi died in Rome in 1961.
Family
Both his son GiulioGiulio Einaudi
Giulio Einaudi was one of the most important publishers in Italian history.-Biography:Giulio Einaudi was born in Dogliani in 1912, the son of Luigi Einaudi, future president of the Italian Republic, and his wife Ida.He attended the Massimo d'Azeglio liceo classico, and became a student of noted...
, a prominent Italian publisher, and his grandson, Ludovico
Ludovico Einaudi
Ludovico Einaudi OMRI is an Italian contemporary music composer and pianist.-Biography:Born in Turin, Italy, Einaudi's mother played to him on the piano as a child. He began his musical training at the Conservatorio Verdi in Milan, gaining a diploma in composition in 1982...
, a minimalist composer, have subsequently made names for themselves.
Another son, Mario, was a Cornell University
Cornell University
Cornell University is an Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York, United States. It is a private land-grant university, receiving annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions...
professor and active anti-fascist. The Mario Einaudi Center For International Studies is named after him. Additionally, Luigi founded the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi in Turin in honor of his father.