Lucrezia de' Medici (1470–1553)
Encyclopedia
Lucrezia Maria Romola de' Medici (4 August 1470 - between 10 and November 15, 1553) was an Italian noblewoman, the eldest daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici
and Clarice Orsini
and mother of Maria Salviati
and Giovanni Salviati
, who was a cardinal from 1517 until his death. Her portrait was considered (as a newborn) as the baby Jesus in Our Lady of the Magnificat
of Sandro Botticelli
. By Salviati, she had 10 children, some of who were of great importance for the history of Renaissance Europe:
Lucrezia was a proud great grandmother to ten great grandchildren, through her daughter Maria, who would look after all of them. However, Lucrezia never really got to see them and Maria died in 1543, aged 44. Lucrezia was very upset by the loss of her daughter and she herself died 10 years later. Lucrezia's exact death date is unknown but it is known that she died between 10th and 15 November 1553.
Her age at the time of her death was 83 years old, which was very old for women in the 16th century and she had outlived three great grandchildren.
family, an ancestor of the Kings of France (House of Bourbon
) and also the Kings of England (House of Stuart
). Her grandson was Cosimo I de' Medici, who became Grand Duke of Tuscany. His son, Francesco I de' Medici who succeeded his father in 1574, had two daughters who married into important families and changed the course of history - Eleonora de' Medici
and Marie de' Medici
. Eleonora married Vincenzo I Gonzaga, their son was Francesco IV Gonzaga
and through Eleonora, Lucrezia is an ancestor of the Dukes of Mantua and also of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. Through Marie, Lucrezia is ancestor of Kings of France, through Marie's marriage to Henry IV of France
. Marie's grandson was Louis XIV of France
. Louis's grandson, Philip, Duke of Anjou, became king of Spain and is a direct ancestor of Juan Carlos, current king of Spain.
Marie also had a daughter called Henrietta Maria
who married Charles I of England
. Henrietta Maria and Charles were the parents of Charles II of England
and James II of England
. James was the father of Mary II of England
, Anne of Great Britain
and James Francis Edward Stuart
-'the Old pretender'. Charles, on the other hand, is an ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales
, and Sarah, Duchess of York
. The 'Old Pretender' had two sons, Henry Benedict Stuart
and Bonnie Prince Charlie-'the Young Pretender'. Henry Benedict was a cardinal, who died childless, while the 'Young Pretender' had an illegitimate daughter, Charlotte, Duchess of Albany
. The claimant, through Charlotte, to this branch of the House of Stuart is Peter Pininski.
Henrietta Maria also had a daughter, Henrietta 'Minette' Anne Stuart, who married Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
and had issue. Her descent ultimately culminated in Franz, Duke of Bavaria
, who is the current Heir General of the House of Stuart
and embodies the still continuing Jacobite claim
to the thrones of England
, Scotland
, Ireland
and France
Lorenzo de' Medici
Lorenzo de' Medici was an Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance. Known as Lorenzo the Magnificent by contemporary Florentines, he was a diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists and poets...
and Clarice Orsini
Clarice Orsini
Clarice Orsini was the daughter of Jacopo Orsini, Lord of Monterotondo and Bracciano, and his wife and cousin Maddalena Orsini. Born in the Papal States, she is most known as the wife of Lorenzo de' Medici , de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic...
and mother of Maria Salviati
Maria Salviati
Maria Salviati was an Italian noblewoman, the daughter of Lucrezia di Lorenzo de' Medici and Jacopo Salviati. She married Giovanni dalle Bande Nere and was the mother of Cosimo I de Medici. Her husband died November 30, 1526, leaving her a widow at the age of 27...
and Giovanni Salviati
Giovanni Salviati
Giovanni Salviati was an Italian Cardinal and diplomat. He was papal legate in France, and conducted negotiations with the Emperor Charles V....
, who was a cardinal from 1517 until his death. Her portrait was considered (as a newborn) as the baby Jesus in Our Lady of the Magnificat
Madonna of the Magnificat (Botticelli)
The Madonna of the Magnificat is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, executed in 1481. It is housed in the Uffizi, Florence.This work portrays the Virgin Mary crowned by two angels...
of Sandro Botticelli
Sandro Botticelli
Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, better known as Sandro Botticelli was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance...
Life, marriage and issue
She married on the 10 September 1486 to Jacopo SalviatiJacopo Salviati
Jacopo Salviati was an Italian politician born in Florence on 15 September 1461.Son of Giovanni Salviati and Maddalena Gondi, he devoted himself in the economic affairs of the family, becoming very wealthy. He then engaged in political life...
. By Salviati, she had 10 children, some of who were of great importance for the history of Renaissance Europe:
- Cardinal Giovanni Salviati (Florence, 1490 - Ravenna, 1553)
- Lorenzo Salviati (Florence, 1492 - Ferrara, 1539), senator and patron
- Piero Salviati, patrician
- Elena Salviati (Florence, 1495 circa - Genoa, 1552), married the Marquis Pallavicino Pallavicino and second marriage to the Prince Iacopo V AppianiIacopo V AppianiIacopo V Appiani was the lord of Piombino of the Appiani dynasty from 1511 until his death.He was born in Piombino, the son of Iacopo IV Appiani. Like his predecessors, he initially kept a policy of alliance with the Aragonese of Naples, by marrying Marianna of Aragon in 1510, widow of Roberto II...
in Appiano - Baptist Salviati (1498–1524)
- Maria SalviatiMaria SalviatiMaria Salviati was an Italian noblewoman, the daughter of Lucrezia di Lorenzo de' Medici and Jacopo Salviati. She married Giovanni dalle Bande Nere and was the mother of Cosimo I de Medici. Her husband died November 30, 1526, leaving her a widow at the age of 27...
(1499–1543), married to Giovanni dalle Bande NereGiovanni dalle Bande NereLodovico de Medici also known as Giovanni dalle Bande Nere was an Italian condottiero.-Biography:Giovanni was born in the Northern Italian town of Forlì to Giovanni de' Medici and Caterina Sforza, one of the most famous women of the Italian Renaissance.From an early age, he demonstrated great...
. This marriage united the main branch and Popolano branch of the Medici family. His son, Cosimo, was named to lead Florence after the death of Duke Alessandro de' Medici - Luisa Salviati, married Sigismund de Luna and Peralta
- Francesca Salviati, married first to Piero Gualterotti and second, in 1533, to Ottaviano de' MediciOttaviano de' MediciOttaviano de' Medici was an Italian politician and statesman, ancestor of the Princes of Ottaiano line of the Medici family....
and was the mother of Pope Leo XIPope Leo XIPope Leo XI , born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was Pope from 1 April 1605 to 27 April of the same year.-Biography:... - Bernardo SalviatiBernardo SalviatiBernardo Salviati was an Italian condottiero and Roman Catholic Cardinal.Salviati was born in Florence, the son of Jacopo Salviati and Lucrezia di Lorenzo de' Medici, the sister of Giovanni de' Medici. From an early age he was a knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem...
(Florence, 1505/1508 - Rome, 1568) knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem; served Catherine de' MediciCatherine de' MediciCatherine de' Medici was an Italian noblewoman who was Queen consort of France from 1547 until 1559, as the wife of King Henry II of France....
in France; 1561 Cardinal - Alamanno (1510–1571), patrician
Later life
Jacopo died in 1533, Lucrezia outlived him by twenty years.Lucrezia was a proud great grandmother to ten great grandchildren, through her daughter Maria, who would look after all of them. However, Lucrezia never really got to see them and Maria died in 1543, aged 44. Lucrezia was very upset by the loss of her daughter and she herself died 10 years later. Lucrezia's exact death date is unknown but it is known that she died between 10th and 15 November 1553.
Her age at the time of her death was 83 years old, which was very old for women in the 16th century and she had outlived three great grandchildren.
Descendants
Through her daughter Maria, Lucrezia is an ancestor of the ducal branch of the MediciMedici
The House of Medici or Famiglia de' Medici was a political dynasty, banking family and later royal house that first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de' Medici in the Republic of Florence during the late 14th century. The family originated in the Mugello region of the Tuscan countryside,...
family, an ancestor of the Kings of France (House of Bourbon
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
) and also the Kings of England (House of Stuart
House of Stuart
The House of Stuart is a European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century, and subsequently held the position of the Kings of Great Britain and Ireland...
). Her grandson was Cosimo I de' Medici, who became Grand Duke of Tuscany. His son, Francesco I de' Medici who succeeded his father in 1574, had two daughters who married into important families and changed the course of history - Eleonora de' Medici
Eleonora de' Medici
Eleonora de' Medici was the eldest child of Francesco I de' Medici and Johanna of Austria. She was a family member of the famous House of Medici.-Family:...
and Marie de' Medici
Marie de' Medici
Marie de Médicis , Italian Maria de' Medici, was queen consort of France, as the second wife of King Henry IV of France, of the House of Bourbon. She herself was a member of the wealthy and powerful House of Medici...
. Eleonora married Vincenzo I Gonzaga, their son was Francesco IV Gonzaga
Francesco IV Gonzaga
Francesco IV Gonzaga , was Duke of Mantua and Duke of Montferrat between 9 February and 22 December 1612.-Biography:Born in Mantua, he was the eldest son of Duke Vincenzo I and Eleonora de' Medici....
and through Eleonora, Lucrezia is an ancestor of the Dukes of Mantua and also of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. Through Marie, Lucrezia is ancestor of Kings of France, through Marie's marriage to Henry IV of France
Henry IV of France
Henry IV , Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France....
. Marie's grandson was Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days...
. Louis's grandson, Philip, Duke of Anjou, became king of Spain and is a direct ancestor of Juan Carlos, current king of Spain.
Marie also had a daughter called Henrietta Maria
Henrietta Maria of France
Henrietta Maria of France ; was the Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland as the wife of King Charles I...
who married Charles I of England
Charles I of England
Charles I was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles...
. Henrietta Maria and Charles were the parents of Charles II of England
Charles II of England
Charles II was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.Charles II's father, King Charles I, was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War...
and James II of England
James II of England
James II & VII was King of England and King of Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland...
. James was the father of Mary II of England
Mary II of England
Mary II was joint Sovereign of England, Scotland, and Ireland with her husband and first cousin, William III and II, from 1689 until her death. William and Mary, both Protestants, became king and queen regnant, respectively, following the Glorious Revolution, which resulted in the deposition of...
, Anne of Great Britain
Anne of Great Britain
Anne ascended the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702. On 1 May 1707, under the Act of Union, two of her realms, England and Scotland, were united as a single sovereign state, the Kingdom of Great Britain.Anne's Catholic father, James II and VII, was deposed during the...
and James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales was the son of the deposed James II of England...
-'the Old pretender'. Charles, on the other hand, is an ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales
Diana, Princess of Wales
Diana, Princess of Wales was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, whom she married on 29 July 1981, and an international charity and fundraising figure, as well as a preeminent celebrity of the late 20th century...
, and Sarah, Duchess of York
Sarah, Duchess of York
Sarah, Duchess of York is a British charity patron, spokesperson, writer, film producer, television personality and former member of the British Royal Family. She is the former wife of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, whom she married from 1986 to 1996...
. The 'Old Pretender' had two sons, Henry Benedict Stuart
Henry Benedict Stuart
Henry Benedict Stuart was a Roman Catholic Cardinal, as well as the fourth and final Jacobite heir to publicly claim the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Unlike his father, James Francis Edward Stuart, and brother, Charles Edward Stuart, Henry made no effort to seize the throne...
and Bonnie Prince Charlie-'the Young Pretender'. Henry Benedict was a cardinal, who died childless, while the 'Young Pretender' had an illegitimate daughter, Charlotte, Duchess of Albany
Charlotte, Duchess of Albany
Charlotte Stuart, styled Duchess of Albany was the illegitimate daughter of the Jacobite pretender Prince Charles Edward Stuart and his only child to survive infancy....
. The claimant, through Charlotte, to this branch of the House of Stuart is Peter Pininski.
Henrietta Maria also had a daughter, Henrietta 'Minette' Anne Stuart, who married Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
Philippe of France was the youngest son of Louis XIII of France and his queen consort Anne of Austria. His older brother was the famous Louis XIV, le roi soleil. Styled Duke of Anjou from birth, Philippe became Duke of Orléans upon the death of his uncle Gaston, Duke of Orléans...
and had issue. Her descent ultimately culminated in Franz, Duke of Bavaria
Franz, Duke of Bavaria
Franz Bonaventura Adalbert Maria Herzog von Bayern , styled as His Royal Highness The Duke of Bavaria, is head of the Wittelsbach family, the former ruling family of the Kingdom of Bavaria...
, who is the current Heir General of the House of Stuart
House of Stuart
The House of Stuart is a European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century, and subsequently held the position of the Kings of Great Britain and Ireland...
and embodies the still continuing Jacobite claim
Jacobitism
Jacobitism was the political movement in Britain dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland, later the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Kingdom of Ireland...
to the thrones of England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
, Ireland
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
and France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...