Loma Linda University
Encyclopedia
Loma Linda University is a Seventh-day Adventist coeducational health sciences university located in Loma Linda, California
, United States. The University comprises eight schools and the Faculty of Graduate Studies. More than 100 certificate and degree programs are offered by the schools of allied health professions
, dentistry
, medicine
, nursing
, pharmacy
, public health
, religion, and science
and technology
. Curricula offered range from certificates of completion and associate in science degrees to doctor of philosophy
and professional
doctoral degrees. LLU also offers distance education. The university is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges
(WASC). Its on-campus church
has around 7,000 members. Loma Linda Academy
, a Seventh-day Adventist K-12 school, is located nearby.
The university also hosts a branch office of the Ellen G. White Estate
. Affiliated with Canadian University College
and operating on the same campus, is Loma Linda University’s Marital and Family Therapy Master’s Degree program. Loma Linda is closing its program in Alberta and is no longer admitting students.
According to a New York Times blog, "Loma Linda University has the highest median starting salary (defined as salaries within five years of graduation), a function of their strong programs in nursing, dental and allied health." This position does drop off by mid-career.
and Ellen G. White
worked together to purchase the property and develop what became known as the Loma Linda Sanitarium
.
In 1906, Ellen White recalled:
In February 1906, a council of church workers met at Loma Linda. It consisted of the faculty of Fernando Academy, the faculty of the Loma Linda school, and the executive committee of the Southern California Conference. John Burden reported their ideas to Ellen White in a letter dated February 14:
In 1906, The Loma Linda College of Evangelists was established. Courses included:
The 1910 Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook enters the school as 'Loma Linda College'. It adds the legal title, 'College of Medical Evangelists of Loma Linda' and notes that the school was chartered as a Medical College in 1909. At the General Conference Committee Council held at Takoma Park, April 5–15, 1910,
Later that same year, the minutes for the 187th Meeting of the General Conference Committee, December 2, recorded:
Early Clinical Developments
From 1913 to 1962, the university taught basic sciences in Loma Linda
, but sent its students to Los Angeles
for clinical experience
.
Ellen White promoted rural settings for Adventist schools, but to train medical students, the school needed clinical experience. Loma Linda Sanitarium did not have such a clinic
. The American Medical Association would not recognize the medical college if it did not provide adequate clinical experience for its students.
In 1905, the American Medical Association formed their Council on Medical Education. Dr. Nathan Porter Colwell (1870–1936) became its first secretary the next year.
Adventists leaders interested in developing the medical school met with Dr. Colwell. He visited the campus and gave counsel on how to proceed.
E. E. Andross, President of the Pacific Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists and Chairman of the Board for the College of Medical Evangelists, reported on a special meeting of the constituency of the college convened at Loma Linda, January 27, 1913. A large number of General Conference men were in California at time. Andross called this meeting in order to benefit from their counsel. In his report, he wrote:
On September 29, 1913, the College of Medical Evangelists opened the First Street Dispensary in the heart of Los Angeles.
Los Angeles Hospital
The December 16, 1915 Review and Herald reported on the General Conference Committee's Biennial Council which met in November at Loma Linda:
World War I and a 'B' Rating
In the May 30, 1918 edition of the Review and Herald, E. E. Andross, still president of the Pacific Union Conference, reported:
The United States federal government exempted medical students from the military draft. But they would only recognize 'A' and 'B' rated medical schools. The College of Medical Evangelists only had a 'C' rating. The California state authorities supported a higher rating. After a nation-wide effort, Percy T. Magan and colleagues persuaded Dr. Colwell to visit the school and determine whether a 'B' rating could be given. After the AMA's visit, the rating was upgraded to 'B'. Medical students who had already left for their military duties returned to finish their medical training.
Margaret Rossiter White, Historical Records Librarian at Loma Linda, writes:
In Los Angeles, November 3, 1922, Dr. Colwell met Dr. Evans, of Loma Linda, and Dr. Magan, of Los Angeles. They gave him a tour of the Boyle Avenue hospital block. At a luncheon held at the Athletic Club of Los Angeles attended by fifteen of the leading physicians of Los Angeles and the Pacific Coast, Dr. Colwell shared his thoughts on the medical college:
On November 16, 1922, Dr. Colwell reported that the Council on Medical Education had granted an 'A' rating to the College of Medical Evangelists.
Accreditation of Pre-Medical Programs in Adventist Colleges
The medical world, under the leadership of men like Dr. Colwell and W.E. Musgrave, was quickly developing standards for medical education and for the quality of hospitals. The requirements for accreditation developed as well. The July 12, 1923 Review and Herald presented the addresses given at the Educational Convention held at Colorado Springs, Colo., June 5–19, 1923. In an article entitled 'Separation from the World in Education', W.E. Howell, former President of the Loma Linda College of Evangelists (1906) and at the time of the article, the Secretary, or director, of the SDA General Conference Education Department expressed concern for where dependence on accreditation would lead Adventist schools. Under the subtitle 'Medical Standardization,' he said:
The 47th General Hospital
During World War II, the CME sponsored the 47th General Hospital. The college's Alumni Journal, August 1946, reports:
In 1961 the college was upgraded to university
status and renamed after the city. All its science
and clinical
faculty were consolidated within the city by 1962.
On July 9, 1967, the university opened the Loma Linda University Medical Center
with more than 125 patients from the old community hospital. The university also operated the Seventh-day Adventist liberal arts college
in Riverside
from 1967 to 1990, which is now known as La Sierra University
.
In 1980, the state designated LLU the only Level I trauma center in San Bernardino
, Riverside
, Inyo
and Mono
counties, which comprise more than a fourth of the state's land mass. About 1,600 emergency helicopters land there each year.
became the first human to receive a heart of a baboon. The transplant appeared to be successful, but Baby Fae died 21 days later from a kidney infection.
In 1991, B. Lyn Behrens became the first female president of LLU. Serving until March 2008, she was succeeded by Richard Hart, who had previously served as LLU's chancellor.
Loma Linda University celebrated the Grand Opening of its new 150000 square feet (13,935.5 m²) Centennial Complex on October 28, 2009. The complex includes new classrooms, two 100-seat amphitheaters and more than 100 workstations with labs for dental, medical, physical therapy and graduate students. Updated technology allows the university to link to several areas around the globe. Additionally, the complex houses simulation labs where students can practice medical skills on live actors and sophisticated robotic mannequins. The complex was expected to bump up the university's growth by 25 percent from its current enrollment of 4,000 students to 5,000 students by 2010.
Loma Linda Mayor Bob Christman said, "The city wouldn't even be here if the university and medical center weren't here. It's had a significant, beneficial impact on the city. In fact, in my opinion, it's had a significant, beneficial impact on the entire Inland Empire."
, Master of Business Administration MBA, Doctor of Public Health DrPH, and Certificates in various programs.
Certificate programs are also available in Chinese Studies and Spanish. The school is currently developing future programs in Instructional Technology and Bioinformatics.
, admits more than 30,000 patients per year. LLUMC, as it is commonly known, also houses the Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Proton Treatment Center, Transplantation Institute & Liver Center, and Loma Linda International Heart Institute.
|Jerry Yang
| align="center" | 19??
| Poker player and winner of the 2007 World Series of Poker Main Event.
|
Loma Linda, California
Loma Linda is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States, that was incorporated in 1970. The population was 23,261 at the 2010 census, up from 18,681 at the 2000 census...
, United States. The University comprises eight schools and the Faculty of Graduate Studies. More than 100 certificate and degree programs are offered by the schools of allied health professions
Allied health professions
Allied health professions are clinical health care professions distinct from dentistry, nursing and medicine. One estimate reported allied health professionals make up 60 percent of the total health workforce...
, dentistry
Dentistry
Dentistry is the branch of medicine that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body. Dentistry is widely considered...
, medicine
Medicine
Medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
, nursing
Nursing
Nursing is a healthcare profession focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life from conception to death....
, pharmacy
Pharmacy
Pharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs...
, public health
Public health
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals" . It is concerned with threats to health based on population health...
, religion, and science
Science
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe...
and technology
Technology
Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures. The word technology comes ;...
. Curricula offered range from certificates of completion and associate in science degrees to doctor of philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
and professional
Professional
A professional is a person who is paid to undertake a specialised set of tasks and to complete them for a fee. The traditional professions were doctors, lawyers, clergymen, and commissioned military officers. Today, the term is applied to estate agents, surveyors , environmental scientists,...
doctoral degrees. LLU also offers distance education. The university is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges
Western Association of Schools and Colleges
The Western Association of Schools and Colleges is one of six official academic bodies responsible for the accreditation of public and private universities, colleges, secondary and elementary schools in the United States and foreign institutions of American origin. The Western Association of...
(WASC). Its on-campus church
Loma Linda University Church
The Loma Linda University Church of Seventh-day Adventists is a Seventh-day Adventist church in Loma Linda, California. It is home to one of the largest Adventist congregations in the world, with about 7,000 members....
has around 7,000 members. Loma Linda Academy
Loma Linda Academy
Loma Linda Academy is a Seventh-day Adventist K-12 college preparatory WASC-accredited school in Loma Linda, California, United States. Loma Linda Academy comprises three separate, semi-autonomous schools: Loma Linda Elementary , an elementary school; Loma Linda Academy Junior High, a junior high...
, a Seventh-day Adventist K-12 school, is located nearby.
The university also hosts a branch office of the Ellen G. White Estate
Ellen G. White Estate
The Ellen G. White Estate, Incorporated, or simply the White Estate, is the official organization created by Ellen G. White to act as the custodian of her writings, which are of importance to the Seventh-day Adventist Church...
. Affiliated with Canadian University College
Canadian University College
Canadian University College is an independent publicly funded university located in Lacombe. It is sponsored by the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Canada and is affiliated with the Association of Theological Schools...
and operating on the same campus, is Loma Linda University’s Marital and Family Therapy Master’s Degree program. Loma Linda is closing its program in Alberta and is no longer admitting students.
According to a New York Times blog, "Loma Linda University has the highest median starting salary (defined as salaries within five years of graduation), a function of their strong programs in nursing, dental and allied health." This position does drop off by mid-career.
History
Beginnings
Loma Linda University had its beginning in 1905 when Seventh-day Adventists John BurdenJohn Burden
John Allen Burden was a Seventh-day Adventist minister, administrator, and medical missionary instrumental in founding sanitariums, restaurants, and health food factories. At the age of 9, John attended Adventist meetings for the first time and was introduced to the writings of Ellen G. White,...
and Ellen G. White
Ellen G. White
Ellen Gould White was a prolific author and an American Christian pioneer. She, along with other Sabbatarian Adventist leaders, such as Joseph Bates and her husband James White, would form what is now known as the Seventh-day Adventist Church.Ellen White reported to her fellow believers her...
worked together to purchase the property and develop what became known as the Loma Linda Sanitarium
Sanatorium
A sanatorium is a medical facility for long-term illness, most typically associated with treatment of tuberculosis before antibiotics...
.
In 1906, Ellen White recalled:
"While attending the General Conference of 1905, at Washington, D. C, I received a letter from Elder J. A. Burden, describing a property he had found four miles west of Redlands, five and one-half miles southeast of San Bernardino, and eight miles northeast of Riverside. As I read his letter, I was impressed that this was one of the places I had seen in vision, and I immediately telegraphed him to secure the property without delay. He did so, and as the result, Loma Linda is in our possession."
In February 1906, a council of church workers met at Loma Linda. It consisted of the faculty of Fernando Academy, the faculty of the Loma Linda school, and the executive committee of the Southern California Conference. John Burden reported their ideas to Ellen White in a letter dated February 14:
- "...There was perfect agreement among all present in the conclusions reached and the plans laid. It would have done you good, Sister White, to see the spirit of unity, and the desire of all that the work at Loma Linda should be made just what the Lord designed it to be. (LLM 6.6)
After carefully considering the light that has been sent to us, and the counsel that has been given with reference to the school at Loma Linda, all were unanimous in their decision that it must be the Lord's plan that a medical missionary school should be carried forward here, with a course sufficiently complete to thoroughly qualify nurses for their professional duties, and to work as educators in medical evangelistic work; and also to qualify certain ones to stand at the head of our medical evangelistic work; and also to qualify certain ones to stand at the head of our medical institutions as fully accredited physicians. (LLM 6.7)
As we studied over what would be necessary for the school to accomplish this work, it seemed to us it would be necessary to employ two physicians as teachers in the school, a Bible instructor, and one other general school man. These four instructors, with the three physicians employed by the Sanitarium and such practical instructors as those qualified to teach practical hydrotherapy, practical nursing, healthful cookery, etc., would be a strong educational faculty for the qualifying of the two classes of workers, one as nurses, and the other as physicians to engage in evangelistic medical work. (LLM 7.1)
Now in order to give these evangelistic physicians standing in the world, it was thought we should secure a charter for the school, which would enable it to grant degrees to all who finished the prescribed course of study. Many, no doubt, would enter the field without waiting to secure a degree, possibly after studying one or two years, as there are many fields in which they could labor freely as medical missionary evangelists without a degree. But from the instruction in the testimonies, we understand that some should qualify as fully accredited physicians, hence the school should plan its course accordingly... (LLM 7.2)"
In 1906, The Loma Linda College of Evangelists was established. Courses included:
Religion: Bible Evangelism, Acts and Epistles, Missionary Methods, and Doctrines and Prophecies.
General: History, Languages, Mathematics, English, Music, Piano and Organ.
Industrial: Science of Gardening, Practical Gardening, Electrical Mechanics, Carpentry, Cookery, Accounting, Sewing.
Nursing/Medical: Chemistry and Anatomy, Children's Diseases, Physiology, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Hydrotherapy, Practical Nursing and Hydrotherapy.
The 1910 Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook enters the school as 'Loma Linda College'. It adds the legal title, 'College of Medical Evangelists of Loma Linda' and notes that the school was chartered as a Medical College in 1909. At the General Conference Committee Council held at Takoma Park, April 5–15, 1910,
"The following action was taken : —
"Whereas, It is advised that a medical school be equipped and conducted at Loma Linda, Cal.; and,—
Whereas, The Pacific Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists has petitioned that the General Conference join it in this undertaking; therefore,—
"Resolved, I. That the General Conference unite with the Pacific Union Conference [and other union conferences] in establishing a medical school at Loma Linda, Cal.
2. That we authorize the officers of the General Conference to appropriate one thousand dollars, or any fraction thereof, for the above purpose, during the year 1910.
3. That A. G. Daniells, W. A. Ruble, and H. R. Salisbury be the General Conference members on the board of control of said school."
Later that same year, the minutes for the 187th Meeting of the General Conference Committee, December 2, recorded:
- "G. A. Irwin spoke of the opening of Loma Linda Medical College. There are about 130 helpers and students in the family, and the Board is putting up a dormitory for 60 people. They need also a labratory, this being an urgent need."
1910 to 1919
In 1911, Church worker Sarah Turner, of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, visited Loma Linda and sent the following letter to the Canadian Union Messenger:- "A Visit at Loma Linda. Dear Readers, You have no doubt read of Loma Linda in some of our papers, but I do not know of any thing ever appearing in the MESSENGER concerning it. I might say, it is one thing to read about it, and another thing to visit it, and to see for yourself. For three weeks it was my privilege to visit there. Loma Linda is certainly in keeping with what its name implies--Hill Beautiful. It is located in an ideal spot, and, in my opinion, is as pretty as pictured. To receive a training there must be deemed a privilege. The advantages and opportunities are excellent, and come up to one's expectations.
"Judging from appearances and the testimonies given by the students, a good class of young people are in training who seem possessed with the true missionary spirit, desiring to lay all on the altar of service. The training is thorough in all lines; nothing is regarded as menial. The spiritual interest of all is carefully guarded; the word of God and the Testimonies being held up as the only standard.
"One is impressed with the quickness and quietness with which all work is done. Perfect harmony seems to prevail in all lines. We were reminded of the words of Holy Writ,--"Let all things be done decently and in order."
"Young people desiring an education to prepare themselves for the Lord's work, but through lack of finances are unable to attend our colleges, are at this place enabled to pay expenses by work. It is an extremely busy place, no need of any one being idle, and thereby a tool for the enemy. There are two hundred students here in training.
"It is not the aim to have many people settle at Loma Linda. Only those are wanted who are needed to carry on the work, or are in training. The Lord has set his seal to the work here. By his direction it was established, and by him it has been carried on and sustained. Those receiving training here certainly increase their responsibility.
"I read with interest the reports in the MESSENGER each week, and the work and workers are remembered at the throne of grace. May all be filled with determination to be faithful till Jesus comes is my prayer. Yours in the truth. SARAH E. TURNER. St. Helena, Cal."
Early Clinical Developments
From 1913 to 1962, the university taught basic sciences in Loma Linda
Loma Linda, California
Loma Linda is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States, that was incorporated in 1970. The population was 23,261 at the 2010 census, up from 18,681 at the 2000 census...
, but sent its students to Los Angeles
Los Ángeles
Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...
for clinical experience
Clinic
A clinic is a health care facility that is primarily devoted to the care of outpatients...
.
Ellen White promoted rural settings for Adventist schools, but to train medical students, the school needed clinical experience. Loma Linda Sanitarium did not have such a clinic
Clinic
A clinic is a health care facility that is primarily devoted to the care of outpatients...
. The American Medical Association would not recognize the medical college if it did not provide adequate clinical experience for its students.
In 1905, the American Medical Association formed their Council on Medical Education. Dr. Nathan Porter Colwell (1870–1936) became its first secretary the next year.
- "From that time he made numerous contributions to the subject of medical education. As secretary of the Council he bore a large share of the responsibility for direct investigation and report on medical schools, for aiding the trend of discussions at the annual conferences on medical education, and for setting forth clearly the facts in relationship to medical education in the United States."
Adventists leaders interested in developing the medical school met with Dr. Colwell. He visited the campus and gave counsel on how to proceed.
E. E. Andross, President of the Pacific Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists and Chairman of the Board for the College of Medical Evangelists, reported on a special meeting of the constituency of the college convened at Loma Linda, January 27, 1913. A large number of General Conference men were in California at time. Andross called this meeting in order to benefit from their counsel. In his report, he wrote:
While it is not the purpose of those carrying the responsibility in this institution to make it conform to the world in anything that affects the vital principles of this message, yet so far as the educational standard erected by state law or advocated by the medical associations is concerned, it is our purpose to meet these standards, and to place the institution on such a basis as to enable it to graduate physicians who, from an educational viewpoint, will stand even in the eyes of the world, without prejudice. We have been instructed that the education of our physicians should be of the highest order, so that no sensible physician would have the opportunity of saying that the graduates were not proficient.
In order to accomplish this, we must have facilities that will enable our faculty to do proficient work in every line. This will require an investment in a clinical hospital and in dispensary work. But all this is absolutely necessary to give our young men and women who take the medical course a proficient training in rational methods of treatment.
On September 29, 1913, the College of Medical Evangelists opened the First Street Dispensary in the heart of Los Angeles.
Los Angeles Hospital
The December 16, 1915 Review and Herald reported on the General Conference Committee's Biennial Council which met in November at Loma Linda:
"In order to equip and properly complete the medical college at Loma Linda, Cal., it will be necessary to build in Los Angeles a hospital requiring an outlay of approximately $60,000. The constituency of the medical college voted to erect this building when the funds have been provided, so that there will be no further increase of indebtedness. A memorial presented, suggesting that the necessary funds to this end be raised by the women of the denomination, and that a committee of sisters be appointed to promote this work..."
World War I and a 'B' Rating
In the May 30, 1918 edition of the Review and Herald, E. E. Andross, still president of the Pacific Union Conference, reported:
- During the present school year, 192 students have matriculated. A number of our students in the medical course were taken in the first military draft, but, in the providence of God, these have all been returned, and are to be permitted to complete their course and to spend one year in addition in hospital interne work before being called into army service. The rating of the college by the American Medical Association has recently been raised from " C " to " B" grade, placing it, with the Federal authorities, in the class of acceptable medical colleges. We are profoundly thankful to God for the manifest tokens of his favor.
The United States federal government exempted medical students from the military draft. But they would only recognize 'A' and 'B' rated medical schools. The College of Medical Evangelists only had a 'C' rating. The California state authorities supported a higher rating. After a nation-wide effort, Percy T. Magan and colleagues persuaded Dr. Colwell to visit the school and determine whether a 'B' rating could be given. After the AMA's visit, the rating was upgraded to 'B'. Medical students who had already left for their military duties returned to finish their medical training.
Margaret Rossiter White, Historical Records Librarian at Loma Linda, writes:
- "This tremendous victory called for an appropriate celebration at Loma Linda. New Year's Day, 1918, was appointed Jubilee Day, and invitations were sent to, all the doctors and their families on the Los Angeles and Loma Linda faculty, members of the Loma Linda church and their families, members of the surrounding churches, including the faculties of the Glendale Sanitarium and Paradise Valley Sanitarium, and everyone else they could think of who had a special interest in the college. A free dinner was offered for students, nurses, and visiting physicians, and special guests. The church was decorated with plants, ferns, flowers, and holly; the orchestra offered some "good triumphant pieces"; Miss Katherine Hansen sang, in her lovely contralto voice, "God Will Take Care of You" (by special request from Dr. Magan). Dr. Magan was master of ceremonies, and Elder John Burden had been asked to make "the big speech." All in all, it was a great occasion, a combination of Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's. And not the least thankful among the joyous crowd were the boys who had returned from camp (all but one), to continue their studies in the College of Medical Evangelists.
1919-1960
'A' RatingIn Los Angeles, November 3, 1922, Dr. Colwell met Dr. Evans, of Loma Linda, and Dr. Magan, of Los Angeles. They gave him a tour of the Boyle Avenue hospital block. At a luncheon held at the Athletic Club of Los Angeles attended by fifteen of the leading physicians of Los Angeles and the Pacific Coast, Dr. Colwell shared his thoughts on the medical college:
- "...When the Seventh-day Adventists first started, a number of us felt they were doomed to defeat. I told them over and over again not to make a start. But today I confess that their faith has triumphed over my unbelief. Some years ago Dr. Magan took me over the place which their hospital plant now covers. It was then a mass of weeds and cockleburs, and there were two or three sorry-looking animals feeding upon it. Dr. Magan remarked to me that someday they would have a great medical institution there. I
thought to myself: "You poor soul; you do not know what you are talking about. You will never be able to have a first-class medical school." But today I walked over that same block covered with beautiful buildings and a veritable hive of medical activity. I have not completed my inspection yet, but I am almost certain as to the kind of a report I will make; and I am sure you will be satisfied with it."
On November 16, 1922, Dr. Colwell reported that the Council on Medical Education had granted an 'A' rating to the College of Medical Evangelists.
Accreditation of Pre-Medical Programs in Adventist Colleges
The medical world, under the leadership of men like Dr. Colwell and W.E. Musgrave, was quickly developing standards for medical education and for the quality of hospitals. The requirements for accreditation developed as well. The July 12, 1923 Review and Herald presented the addresses given at the Educational Convention held at Colorado Springs, Colo., June 5–19, 1923. In an article entitled 'Separation from the World in Education', W.E. Howell, former President of the Loma Linda College of Evangelists (1906) and at the time of the article, the Secretary, or director, of the SDA General Conference Education Department expressed concern for where dependence on accreditation would lead Adventist schools. Under the subtitle 'Medical Standardization,' he said:
"While our teachers were resorting to centers of learning in increasing numbers, followed to no small degree by student graduates and undergraduates, a new menace arose from an unexpected quarter. Wisely or unwisely, our medical college had linked up with an organization (AMA) which assumed the task of defining and dictating standards for medical schools, with a view to eliminating incompetent institutions. While the step we took looked innocent enough at first, the inevitable result of tying up an institution of our own with an organization of entirely different aims, soon showed itself in a surprising way. A new standard was promulgated, requiring that all entrants to a standard medical college should present their credits from a school that was registered as standard by an association of educators who had assumed a similar task of standardizing literary schools.
"From that day to this, the idea has been kept before our educators of registering our colleges in a secular standardizing association, thus tying them by much more than a thread to the educational policies of those who do not discern the voice of God and, who will not hearken to His commandments. Only two colleges have taken such a step, on the most moderate scale that could be discovered,— that of registering only the junior college department. Where this step will lead these schools and any others that may take it, only He who reads the future as well as the past, can predict. It would almost seem like tying ourselves to the' tail of a kite, to be carried whither the holder of the string may list — seemingly in the direction of less efficiency to serve the cause of God."
The 47th General Hospital
During World War II, the CME sponsored the 47th General Hospital. The college's Alumni Journal, August 1946, reports:
"... The 47th was an affiliated hospital unit in the United States Army sponsored by the College of Medical Evangelists. The Unit left the States under the command of colonel Ben E. Grant, '20 January, 1944, and upon arrival at New Guinea was stationed at Milne Bay until July 1945. At that time the 47th General Hospital, commanded by Colonel Earl B. Ray, '29, was transferred to the Philippine Islands, and established at Villasis on Luzon Island for two months..."
1960-1980
University Status and Name ChangeIn 1961 the college was upgraded to university
University
A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is an organisation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education...
status and renamed after the city. All its science
Biomedical research
Biomedical research , in general simply known as medical research, is the basic research, applied research, or translational research conducted to aid and support the body of knowledge in the field of medicine...
and clinical
Medicine
Medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
faculty were consolidated within the city by 1962.
On July 9, 1967, the university opened the Loma Linda University Medical Center
Loma Linda University Medical Center
Loma Linda University Medical Center is a teaching hospital on the campus of Loma Linda University in Loma Linda, California, United States. The medical center serves as a level I trauma center for San Bernardino County and the rest of the Inland Empire. It is one of two closest trauma centers for...
with more than 125 patients from the old community hospital. The university also operated the Seventh-day Adventist liberal arts college
Liberal arts college
A liberal arts college is one with a primary emphasis on undergraduate study in the liberal arts and sciences.Students in the liberal arts generally major in a particular discipline while receiving exposure to a wide range of academic subjects, including sciences as well as the traditional...
in Riverside
Riverside, California
Riverside is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, and the county seat of the eponymous county. Named for its location beside the Santa Ana River, it is the largest city in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area of Southern California, 4th largest inland California...
from 1967 to 1990, which is now known as La Sierra University
La Sierra University
La Sierra University is a Seventh-day Adventist co-educational university accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges and the Adventist Accrediting Association...
.
In 1980, the state designated LLU the only Level I trauma center in San Bernardino
San Bernardino County, California
San Bernardino County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,035,210, up from 1,709,434 as of the 2000 census...
, Riverside
Riverside County, California
Riverside County is a county in the U.S. state of California. One of 58 California counties, it covers in the southern part of the state, and stretches from Orange County to the Colorado River, which forms the state border with Arizona. The county derives its name from the city of Riverside,...
, Inyo
Inyo County, California
-National protected areas:* Death Valley National Park * Inyo National Forest * Manzanar National Historic Site-Major highways:* U.S. Route 6* U.S. Route 395* State Route 127* State Route 136* State Route 168* State Route 178...
and Mono
Mono County, California
Mono County is a county located in the east central portion of the U.S. state of California, to the east of the Sierra Nevada between Yosemite National Park and Nevada. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,202, up from 12,853 at the 2000 census...
counties, which comprise more than a fourth of the state's land mass. About 1,600 emergency helicopters land there each year.
1980-2011
In October of 1984, at Loma Linda University Medical Center, Baby FaeBaby Fae
Stephanie Fae Beauclair , better known as Baby Fae, was an American infant born in 1984 with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. She became the first infant subject of a xenotransplant procedure, receiving the heart of a baboon. The procedure, performed by Leonard L...
became the first human to receive a heart of a baboon. The transplant appeared to be successful, but Baby Fae died 21 days later from a kidney infection.
In 1991, B. Lyn Behrens became the first female president of LLU. Serving until March 2008, she was succeeded by Richard Hart, who had previously served as LLU's chancellor.
Loma Linda University celebrated the Grand Opening of its new 150000 square feet (13,935.5 m²) Centennial Complex on October 28, 2009. The complex includes new classrooms, two 100-seat amphitheaters and more than 100 workstations with labs for dental, medical, physical therapy and graduate students. Updated technology allows the university to link to several areas around the globe. Additionally, the complex houses simulation labs where students can practice medical skills on live actors and sophisticated robotic mannequins. The complex was expected to bump up the university's growth by 25 percent from its current enrollment of 4,000 students to 5,000 students by 2010.
Loma Linda Mayor Bob Christman said, "The city wouldn't even be here if the university and medical center weren't here. It's had a significant, beneficial impact on the city. In fact, in my opinion, it's had a significant, beneficial impact on the entire Inland Empire."
Grants and funding
The University applies for and receives grants from various organizations. Some of the research grants include:- California Walnut Commission for walnut research
- Pfizer Public Health & Government Group for public health television and Internet programming
- NSF Partnership for Innovation Grant in partnership with the Larta InstituteLarta InstituteLarta Institute is a non-profit, professional services firm that helps turn government-funded innovations into enterprises. The organization's clients range from federal agencies in the U.S. to governments and regional authorities across the globe. Larta has over 15 years of experience designing...
Congressional support
The special relationship between Loma Linda University and Jerry Lewis, R – San Bernardino, first came to light in a Pulitzer Award winning expose written by Jerry Kammer. Mr. Lewis has lent significant help in funding important school operations. From 1998-2003, Loma Linda has received $167.2 million in congressional funds, the number one academic recipient in the country getting nearly $60 million more than the runner up, the University of South Florida. In 2000, it was the single largest recipient of higher education grants at $36,000,000, Several grants were from the department of defense including $5,000,000 from NASA for space radiation research. Critics point out that the brother of Mr. Lewis is employed by Loma Linda University. In 2008, Loma Linda University received nearly $9,500,000 of which $5,000,000 came from the defense department. This special relationship with the school has led Lewis staffers to privately refer to it as “Loma Lewis University.”Academic programs
Loma Linda University offers more than 100 degrees and certificate programs in the following Schools:- School of Allied Health Professions
- School of DentistryLoma Linda University School of DentistryLoma Linda University School of Dentistry is an American school of dentistry located in the city of Loma Linda, California, United States. The school is one of several dental schools in the state of California....
- School of Medicine
- School of Nursing
- School of Pharmacy
- School of Public HealthLoma Linda University School of Public HealthThe Loma Linda University School of Public Health offers degrees in environmental and occupational health, epidemiology and biostatistics, global health, health policy and management, health promotion and education, and nutrition.- History :...
- School of Religion
- School of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Graduate Studies
School of Public Health
The Loma Linda University School of Public Health was founded in 1967. The school is an accredited member of the Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH). The Master of Public Health (MPH) degree is offered with the following concentrations:MPH concentrations
- Biostatistics
- Distance Learning
- Environmental & Occupational Health
- Epidemiology
- Global Health
- Health Policy and Leadership (Also offered as MBA program in Health Policy and Management)
- Health Education
- Health Geoinformatics
- Maternal and Child Health
- Nutrition
- Peace Corps program
- Preventive care
- Public Health Practice
Additional degrees offered
The School of Public Health also offers a Master of Science MSMaster of Science
A Master of Science is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in the sciences including the social sciences.-Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay:...
, Master of Business Administration MBA, Doctor of Public Health DrPH, and Certificates in various programs.
School of Science and Technology
The Loma Linda University School of Science and Technology was founded in 2003 to incorporate several existing LLU programs. The school's departments and the degrees they offer are listed below:- Earth and Biological Sciences- Biology (MS, PhD), Earth Science (PhD), Environmental Health and Earth Systems Science (BS), Geology (BS, MS, PhD), Natural Sciences (MS)
- Counseling and Family Sciences- Child Life Specialist (Certificate, MS), Clinical Mediation (Certificate), Counseling (MS), Drug and Alcohol Counseling (Certificate), Family Counseling (Certificate), Family Life Education (Certificate), Family Studies (MA, PhD), Marital and Family Therapy (MS, DMFT, PhD), School Counseling (Certificate)
- Psychology- Psychology (PsyD, PhD)
- Social Work and Social Ecology- Case Management (Certificate), Criminal Justice (MS), Gerontology (MS), Social Policy and Research (PhD), Social Work (MSW)
Certificate programs are also available in Chinese Studies and Spanish. The school is currently developing future programs in Instructional Technology and Bioinformatics.
Medical Center
The Loma Linda University Medical Center, in Loma Linda, CaliforniaLoma Linda, California
Loma Linda is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States, that was incorporated in 1970. The population was 23,261 at the 2010 census, up from 18,681 at the 2000 census...
, admits more than 30,000 patients per year. LLUMC, as it is commonly known, also houses the Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Proton Treatment Center, Transplantation Institute & Liver Center, and Loma Linda International Heart Institute.
School of Medicine
| Name | Class of | Notability | Residency | Fellowships | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T.R.M. Howard, M.D. Doctor of Medicine Doctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools... |
1935 | Nationally known civil rights leader, entrepreneur, mentor to Medgar Evers Medgar Evers Medgar Wiley Evers was an African American civil rights activist from Mississippi involved in efforts to overturn segregation at the University of Mississippi... , key figure in the investigation of the lynching of Emmett Till Emmett Till Emmett Louis "Bobo" Till was an African-American boy who was murdered in Mississippi at the age of 14 after reportedly flirting with a white woman. Till was from Chicago, Illinois visiting his relatives in the Mississippi Delta region when he spoke to 21-year-old Carolyn Bryant, the married... , President of the National Medical Association National Medical Association The National Medical Association is the largest and oldest national organization representing African American physicians and their patients in the United States... and Chief Surgeon of the Taborian Hospital of Mound Bayou, Mississippi Mound Bayou, Mississippi Mound Bayou is a city in Bolivar County, Mississippi. The population was 2,102 at the 2000 census. It is notable for having been founded as an independent black community in 1887 by former slaves led by Isaiah Montgomery. By percentage, its 98.4 percent African-American majority population is one... |
City Hospital, Number Two, in St. Louis, Missouri | ||
| Frank Jobe, M.D. Doctor of Medicine Doctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools... |
1956 | A world renowned Orthopedic Surgeon Orthopedic surgery Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system... and Professor of Orothopedics at the Keck School of Medicine of USC Keck School of Medicine of USC The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California is a major center of medical research, education and patient care. Founded in 1885, the Keck School of Medicine is the oldest medical school in Southern California.Located on the university’s Health Sciences campus three miles ... . Orthopaedic Consultant for the Los Angeles Dodgers Los Angeles Dodgers The Los Angeles Dodgers are a professional baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. The Dodgers are members of Major League Baseball's National League West Division. Established in 1883, the team originated in Brooklyn, New York, where it was known by a number of nicknames before becoming... baseball team, PGA Tour PGA Tour The PGA Tour is the organizer of the main men's professional golf tours in the United States and North America... & Senior PGA Tour, Los Angeles Lakers Los Angeles Lakers The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles, California. They play in the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Basketball Association... basketball team, Los Angeles Kings Los Angeles Kings The Los Angeles Kings are a professional ice hockey team based in Los Angeles, California. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League... hockey team, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim are a professional baseball team based in Anaheim, California, United States. The Angels are a member of the Western Division of Major League Baseball's American League. The "Angels" name originates from the city in which the team started, Los Angeles... baseball team |
Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles County Hospital in Los Angeles, California | ||
| Melvin Paul Judkins, M.D. Doctor of Medicine Doctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools... |
1947 | A pioneer in Coronary angiography Coronary catheterization A coronary catheterization is a minimally invasive procedure to access the coronary circulation and blood filled chambers of the heart using a catheter. It is performed for both diagnostic and interventional purposes.... |
Urology, Loma Linda University Medical Center Loma Linda University Medical Center Loma Linda University Medical Center is a teaching hospital on the campus of Loma Linda University in Loma Linda, California, United States. The medical center serves as a level I trauma center for San Bernardino County and the rest of the Inland Empire. It is one of two closest trauma centers for... |
||
| Leo P. Krall, M.D. Doctor of Medicine Doctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools... |
1943 | A world renowned leader in the field of diabetes, one of the original founders of Joslin Diabetes Center, Joslin International Fellows and director of Joslin’s Education Division. Chaired annual Harvard-Joslin course and lectured at Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School is the graduate medical school of Harvard University. It is located in the Longwood Medical Area of the Mission Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.... . In 1985, elected president of the International Diabetes Federation. |
U.S. Marine Hospital in Staten Island, NY and San Francisco, CA; as well as the New England Deaconess Hospital in Boston, MA. | |
|
| William J Sandborn, M.D. Doctor of Medicine Doctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools... |
1987 | Head of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research and Professor of Medicine at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine | Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center Loma Linda University Medical Center Loma Linda University Medical Center is a teaching hospital on the campus of Loma Linda University in Loma Linda, California, United States. The medical center serves as a level I trauma center for San Bernardino County and the rest of the Inland Empire. It is one of two closest trauma centers for... |
Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit medical practice and medical research group specializing in treating difficult patients . Patients are referred to Mayo Clinic from across the U.S. and the world, and it is known for innovative and effective treatments. Mayo Clinic is known for being at the top of... , Rochester, Minn. |
|
| Bernd W. Scheithauer, M.D. Doctor of Medicine Doctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools... |
1973 | A world renowned Neuropathologist and Professor of Pathology at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine | Neuropathology and Anatomic Pathology Stanford University Medical Center Stanford University Medical Center Stanford University Medical Center represents the Stanford Hospital and the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital and is located at 300 Pasteur Drive in Stanford, California. Stanford Hospital provides both general acute care services and tertiary medical care for patients locally, nationally and... |
Surgical Pathology Stanford University Medical Center Stanford University Medical Center Stanford University Medical Center represents the Stanford Hospital and the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital and is located at 300 Pasteur Drive in Stanford, California. Stanford Hospital provides both general acute care services and tertiary medical care for patients locally, nationally and... |
School of Public Health
| Name | Class of | Notability | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Floyd Peterson, M.P.H. | 1976 | Assistant Professor of Biostatistics Biostatistics Biostatistics is the application of statistics to a wide range of topics in biology... at Loma Linda University Schools of Public Health, Medicine and Nursing. City Council City council A city council or town council is the legislative body that governs a city, town, municipality or local government area.-Australia & NZ:Because of the differences in legislation between the States, the exact definition of a City Council varies... (1990), Mayor pro tempore (1992–1996) and Mayor Mayor In many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city.... (1996–2004) for the City of Loma Linda, California Loma Linda, California Loma Linda is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States, that was incorporated in 1970. The population was 23,261 at the 2010 census, up from 18,681 at the 2000 census... . |
|
| David Williams, Ph.D., M.Div., M.P.H. | 19?? | Norman and Laura Smart Norman Professor of Public Health in the Department of Society, Human Development, and Health at Harvard University Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country... School of Public Health. Prior HSPH, Williams was the Harold W. Cruse Collegiate Professor of Sociology, a senior research scientist at the Institute for Social Research, and an associate professor of sociology Sociology Sociology is the study of society. It is a social science—a term with which it is sometimes synonymous—which uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity... at the School of Public Health Public health Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals" . It is concerned with threats to health based on population health... at the University of Michigan University of Michigan The University of Michigan is a public research university located in Ann Arbor, Michigan in the United States. It is the state's oldest university and the flagship campus of the University of Michigan... . |
|
| Lars D. Houmann, M.H.A. Master of Health Administration The Master of Health Administration is a master's-level professional degree granted to students who complete a course of study in the knowledge and competencies needed for careers in health administration, involving the management of hospitals and other health services organizations, as well as... |
1981 | President and Chief Executive Officer of Florida Hospital and Adventist Health System Adventist Health System The Adventist Health System is a non-profit health care organisation which operates facilities within the Southern and Midwestern regions of the United States... ’s Florida Division which includes 17 hospitals. |
|
| Paul Wangai Jr., Ph.D., MD, MPH Master of Public Health The Master of Public Health and the Doctor of Public Health are multi-disciplinary professional degrees awarded for studies in areas related to public health.... , MRSH, FICA, FACPM |
1985 | Medical Director of New Life Home Trust, Director of Medicare Wellness Centre, Consultant Physician of Aga Khan Aga Khan Aga Khan is the hereditary title of the Imam of the largest branch of the Ismā'īlī followers of the Shī‘a faith. They affirm the Imamat of the descendants of Ismail ibn Jafar, eldest son of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq, while the larger Twelver branch of Shi`ism follows Ismail's younger brother Musa... Hospital, Chairman/Consultant Physician of Nairobi Nairobi Nairobi is the capital and largest city of Kenya. The city and its surrounding area also forms the Nairobi County. The name "Nairobi" comes from the Maasai phrase Enkare Nyirobi, which translates to "the place of cool waters". However, it is popularly known as the "Green City in the Sun" and is... Women’s Hospital, Medical Advisor to the Shell Group of Companies of East Africa, and Consultant Advisor to the World Health Organization World Health Organization The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health... & the UICC UICC The UICC is the smart card used in mobile terminals in GSM and UMTS networks. The UICC ensures the integrity and security of all kinds of personal data, and it typically holds a few hundred kilobytes... (International Union Against Cancer). |
|
| Lee Berk, DrPH | 1981 | Dr. Berk is a faculty member whose noteworthy research includes laughter and its positive health effects. | |
| Joan Sabaté, MD,DrPH | 1988 | Dr. Sabaté is the Chair of the Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition The Department of Nutrition is one of six departments at the School of Public Health. While nutrition was always part of the curriculum at the university, the department was initiated when the School of Public Health was begun in 1963.- Nut Studies:... . Dr. Sabaté served as principal investigator in a nutritional study that directly linked the consumption of walnuts to significant reductions in serum cholesterol. His findings were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1993. He also gave evidence for the health and nutrition property of nuts before an FDA commission resulting in the qualified health claim. |
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Other
|- valign="top"|Jerry Yang
Jerry Yang (poker player)
Xao "Jerry" Yang is an ethnic Hmong poker player from Temecula, California and the 2007 World Series of Poker Main Event champion.Yang started playing poker in 2005. An amateur player at the time, Yang entered the 2007 World Series of Poker after winning a $225 satellite at the Pechanga Resort...
| align="center" | 19??
| Poker player and winner of the 2007 World Series of Poker Main Event.
|
See also
- Loma Linda University ChurchLoma Linda University ChurchThe Loma Linda University Church of Seventh-day Adventists is a Seventh-day Adventist church in Loma Linda, California. It is home to one of the largest Adventist congregations in the world, with about 7,000 members....
- Loma Linda Broadcasting Network
- Loma Linda, CaliforniaLoma Linda, CaliforniaLoma Linda is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States, that was incorporated in 1970. The population was 23,261 at the 2010 census, up from 18,681 at the 2000 census...
- Loma Linda AcademyLoma Linda AcademyLoma Linda Academy is a Seventh-day Adventist K-12 college preparatory WASC-accredited school in Loma Linda, California, United States. Loma Linda Academy comprises three separate, semi-autonomous schools: Loma Linda Elementary , an elementary school; Loma Linda Academy Junior High, a junior high...
- Loma Linda University Medical CenterLoma Linda University Medical CenterLoma Linda University Medical Center is a teaching hospital on the campus of Loma Linda University in Loma Linda, California, United States. The medical center serves as a level I trauma center for San Bernardino County and the rest of the Inland Empire. It is one of two closest trauma centers for...
- Loma Linda University Center for Biodiversity and Conservation StudiesLoma Linda University Center for Biodiversity and Conservation StudiesLoma Linda University Center for Biodiversity and Conservation Studies is an organization that was established by the Department of Earth and Biological Sciences at Loma Linda University in 2010. The organization seeks to enhance public awareness of the importance of environmental stewardship...
- La Sierra UniversityLa Sierra UniversityLa Sierra University is a Seventh-day Adventist co-educational university accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges and the Adventist Accrediting Association...
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine
- List of Seventh-day Adventist hospitals
- List of Seventh-day Adventist medical schools
- List of Seventh-day Adventist secondary schools
- List of Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities