List of people from Knoxville, Tennessee
Encyclopedia
The following is a list of notable people who have lived in Knoxville, Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee
Founded in 1786, Knoxville is the third-largest city in the U.S. state of Tennessee, U.S.A., behind Memphis and Nashville, and is the county seat of Knox County. It is the largest city in East Tennessee, and the second-largest city in the Appalachia region...

. For University of Tennessee students and alumni not otherwise associated with Knoxville, see List of University of Tennessee people.

Art and architecture

  • Charles I. Barber
    Charles I. Barber
    Charles Irving Barber was an American architect, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, and vicinity, during the first half of the 20th century...

     (1887–1962), architect
  • George Franklin Barber
    George Franklin Barber
    George Franklin Barber was an American architect best known for his residential designs, which he marketed worldwide through a series of mail-order catalogs. One of the most successful domestic architects of the late Victorian period in the United States, Barber's plans were used for houses in...

     (1854–1915), architect
  • Albert Baumann, Jr.
    Baumann family (architects)
    The Baumann family was a family of American architects who practiced in Knoxville, Tennessee, and the surrounding region, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It included Joseph F. Baumann , his brother, Albert B. Baumann, Sr. , and Albert's son, Albert B. Baumann, Jr....

     (1897–1952), architect
  • Albert Baumann, Sr.
    Baumann family (architects)
    The Baumann family was a family of American architects who practiced in Knoxville, Tennessee, and the surrounding region, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It included Joseph F. Baumann , his brother, Albert B. Baumann, Sr. , and Albert's son, Albert B. Baumann, Jr....

     (1861–1942), architect
  • Joseph Baumann
    Baumann family (architects)
    The Baumann family was a family of American architects who practiced in Knoxville, Tennessee, and the surrounding region, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It included Joseph F. Baumann , his brother, Albert B. Baumann, Sr. , and Albert's son, Albert B. Baumann, Jr....

     (1844–1920), architect
  • Lloyd Branson
    Lloyd Branson
    Enoch Lloyd Branson was an American artist best known for his portraits of Southern politicians and depictions of early East Tennessee history....

     (1853–1925), painter
  • Darby Conley
    Darby Conley
    Darby Conley is an American cartoonist best known for the popular comic strip Get Fuzzy.-Background:Conley was born in Concord, Massachusetts in 1970, and grew up in Knoxville, Tennessee....

     (b. 1970), cartoonist, Get Fuzzy
    Get Fuzzy
    Get Fuzzy is an American daily comic strip written and drawn by Darby Conley. The strip features the adventures of Boston advertising executive Rob Wilco and his two anthropomorphic pets: dog Satchel Pooch and cat Bucky Katt. Get Fuzzy has been published by United Feature Syndicate since September...

  • Beauford Delaney
    Beauford Delaney
    Beauford Delaney was an American modernist painter.-Early life:Beauford Delaney was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, in 1901. Delaney’s parents were prominent and respected members of Knoxville's black community. His father Samuel was both a barber and a Methodist minister...

     (1901–1979), painter
  • Joseph Delaney
    Joseph Delaney (artist)
    Joseph Delaney was an African American artist who became a part of the New York art scene at the time of the Harlem Renaissance....

     (1904–1991), painter
  • R. F. Graf
    R. F. Graf
    Richard Franklin Graf was an American architect, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, and the vicinity, in the early 20th century. His works include Stratford Mansion , Sterchi Lofts , St. John's Lutheran Church , and the Journal Arcade . His home, the Prairie School-inspired Graf-Cullum...

     (1865–1929), architect
  • Thomas Hope
    Thomas Hope (architect)
    Thomas Hope was an English-born American architect and house joiner, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Trained in London, Hope moved to Knoxville in 1795, where he designed and built several of the city's earliest houses...

     (1757–1820), architect
  • Dennis Hwang
    Dennis Hwang
    Dennis Hwang, or Hwang Jeong-mok, is a graphic artist who designs the festive logos for Google on special days.- Biography :...

     (b. 1978), graphic artist for Google
    Google
    Google Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products, and generates profit primarily from advertising through its AdWords program...

  • Joseph Knaffl
    Joseph Knaffl
    Joseph Knaffl was an American art and portrait photographer, active in Knoxville, Tennessee, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is best known for his 1899 portrait, "Knaffl Madonna," which has been reprinted thousands of times, and is still used for Hallmark Christmas cards...

     (1861–1938), photographer
  • Bruce McCarty
    Bruce McCarty
    Bruce McCarty, FAIA is an American architect, founder and senior designer at McCarty Holsaple McCarty Architects of Knoxville, Tennessee. During a career that has spanned more than a half-century, he has designed some of the city's iconic landmarks, and has been the city's most dedicated...

     (b. 1920), architect
  • Catherine Wiley
    Catherine Wiley
    Anna Catherine Wiley was an American artist active primarily in the early twentieth century. After training with the Art Students League of New York and receiving instruction from artists such as Lloyd Branson and Frank DuMond, Wiley painted a series of impressionist works that won numerous...

     (1879–1958), painter

Business and industry

  • Alexander Arthur
    Alexander Arthur
    Alexander Alan Arthur was a Scottish-born engineer and entrepreneur active primarily in the southeastern United States in the latter half of the 19th century...

     (1846–1912), entrepreneur
  • Jake Butcher
    Jake Butcher
    Jacob Franklin "Jake" Butcher was a U.S. banker and politician who built a financial empire in East Tennessee, was the Democratic Party nominee for governor of Tennessee in 1978 and the primary promoter of the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville, Tennessee, and who lost his business and his personal...

     (b. 1936), banker
  • Eldad Cicero Camp
    Eldad Cicero Camp
    Eldad Cicero Camp, Jr. was an American coal tycoon, attorney and philanthropist, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, and the vicinity, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries...

     (1839–1920), coal tycoon
  • Ashley Capps
    AC Entertainment
    AC Entertainment is a music promotion company based in Knoxville, Tennessee, the co-producers of the Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival and Vegoose, both with Superfly Productions, and talent-buyers for the Orange Peel...

     (b. 1955), AC Entertainment founder, co-creator of Bonnaroo Music Festival
    Bonnaroo Music Festival
    The Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival is an annual four day music festival created and produced by Superfly Productions and AC Entertainment, held at Great Stage Park on a 700-acre farm in Manchester, Tennessee. It hosted its tenth annual event June 9–12, 2011...

  • George Dempster
    George Roby Dempster
    George Roby Dempster was an American businessman, inventor, and politician, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, during the first half of the twentieth century. Dempster is best known for the invention of the Dempster-Dumpster, a now-commonly-used trash receptacle that can be mechanically...

     (1887–1964), inventor of the Dempster-Dumpster, mayor of Knoxville
  • Guilford Glazer
    Guilford Glazer
    Guilford Glazer is an American real estate developer and philanthropist.Glazer was born in and grew up in Knoxville, Tennessee, one of the seven children of a welder. He grew up in the Fourth and Gill neighborhood and attended Knoxville High School, graduating in 1938...

     (b. 1921), real estate developer and philanthropist
  • Jim Haslam
    James Haslam Jr.
    James Arthur "Jim" Haslam II is an American businessman and philanthropist, best known as the founder of Pilot Corporation, which operates a chain of convenience stores and travel centers throughout the United States and Canada, and is one of the largest privately-owned companies in the United...

     (b. 1930), founder of Pilot Corp.
    Pilot Corp.
    Pilot Corporation is a petroleum corporation in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Pilot operates the Pilot Food Mart convenience stores in Tennessee. Along with Flying J and CVC Capital Partners, Pilot is joint-owner of Pilot Flying J, the largest truck stop chain in the United States.- History...

  • Cal Johnson
    Cal Johnson (businessman)
    Caldonia Fackler Johnson was an American businessman and philanthropist, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries...

     (1844–1925), saloon and racetrack owner
  • Peter Kern
    Peter Kern (American businessman)
    Peter Kern was a German-born American businessman and politician active in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is best known as the founder of the confections company that eventually evolved into Kern's Bakery, a brand still marketed in the Knoxville area...

     (1835–1907), confectioner, founder of Kern's Bakery
  • Joseph Alexander Mabry, Jr. (1826–1882), entrepreneur
  • Charles McClung McGhee
    Charles McClung McGhee
    Charles McClung McGhee was an American railroad tycoon and financier, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, in the latter half of the nineteenth century...

     (1828–1907), railroad tycoon
  • Edward J. Sanford
    Edward J. Sanford
    Edward Jackson Sanford was an American manufacturing tycoon and financier, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, in the late 19th century...

     (1831–1902), manufacturing tycoon
  • James G. Sterchi
    James G. Sterchi
    James Gilbert Sterchi was an American businessman, best known as the cofounder and head of the furniture wholesaler, Sterchi Brothers Furniture Company. At its height, Sterchi Brothers was the world's largest furniture store chain, with sixty-five stores across the southeastern United States and a...

     (1867–1932), furniture tycoon
  • Dave Thomas
    Dave Thomas (American businessman)
    David "Dave" Thomas was an American fast-food entrepreneur and philanthropist. Thomas was the founder and chief executive officer of Wendy's, a fast-food restaurant chain specializing in hamburgers...

     (1932–2002), restaurant owner, founder of Wendy's
    Wendy's
    Wendy's is an international fast food chain restaurant founded by Dave Thomas on November 15, 1969, in Columbus, Ohio, United States. The company decided to move its headquarters to Dublin, Ohio, on January 29, 2006. It has been owned by Triarc since 2008...

  • Cas Walker
    Cas Walker
    Orton Caswell Walker , better known as Cas Walker, was a Tennessee businessman, politician, and personality on television and radio. Walker founded a successful chain of small grocery stores that grew to include several dozen stores scattered throughout the Knoxville, Tennessee vicinity as well as...

     (1902–1998), grocery store magnate, radio and television personality
  • Eric Richard Ward (b. 1959), entrepreneur, founder of NetPOST and URLwire
  • Chris Whittle
    Chris Whittle
    H. Christopher "Chris" Whittle is an American media and education entrepreneur. He is the chief executive officer of Avenues: The World School, a planned international system of independent pre-K-12 schools. Avenues will open its first campus in New York City in fall 2012. Whittle founded Edison...

     (b. 1947), entrepreneur, founder of Channel One News
    Channel One News
    Channel One News is a 12 minute news program for teens broadcast via satellite to middle schools and high schools across the United States. Channel One is owned by Alloy Media + Marketing and based in New York City.-Program History:...

     and Edison Schools
    Edison Schools
    EdisonLearning Inc., formerly known as Edison Schools Inc., is a for-profit education management organization for public schools in the United States and the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1992 as The Edison Project, largely the brainchild of Chris Whittle...


Education

  • Charles W. Cansler
    Charles W. Cansler
    Charles Warner Cansler was an American educator, civil rights advocate, and author, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA...

     (1871–1953), Austin High School principal, civil rights advocate and author
  • Thomas William Humes
    Thomas William Humes
    Thomas William Humes was an American clergyman and educator, active in Knoxville, Tennessee, during the latter half of the 19th century. Elected rector of St. John's Episcopal Church in 1846, Humes led the church until the outbreak of the Civil War, when he was forced to resign due to his Union...

     (1815–1892), president of the University of Tennessee (1865–1883)

Entertainment

  • Polly Bergen
    Polly Bergen
    Polly Bergen is an American actress, singer, and entrepreneur.-Career:Bergen appeared in many film roles, most notably in the original Cape Fear opposite Gregory Peck and Robert Mitchum...

     (b. 1930), actress
  • Clarence Brown
    Clarence Brown
    Clarence Brown was an American film director.-Early life:Born in Clinton, Massachusetts, to a cotton manufacturer, Brown moved to the South when he was 11. He attended Knoxville High School and the University of Tennessee, both in Knoxville, Tennessee, graduating from the university at the age of...

     (1890–1987), film director
  • Archie Campbell
    Archie Campbell
    Archie Campbell was an American writer and star of Hee Haw, a popular long-running country-flavored network television variety show...

     (1914–1987), television personality
  • Henry Cho
    Henry Cho
    Henry Cho is an American stand-up comedian. His work can be heard nationwide several times weekly on XM Radio's Channel 151, Laugh USA and Sirius Radio's Blue Collar Radio channel 103, Pandora Radio's PG Comedy Radio channel.- Biography :Cho, who is of Korean American descent, was raised in...

     (b. 1961), comedian/actor
  • Cylk Cozart
    Cylk Cozart
    Cylk Cozart is an American actor who has appeared in over 30 films and 20 television shows.-Early life:Cozart was born in Knoxville, Tennessee. His father is of African ancestry and his mother is Native American. Prior to becoming an actor, Cozart was an established model working in Miami, FL...

     (b. 1957), actor
  • John Cullum
    John Cullum
    John Cullum is an American actor and singer. He has appeared in many stage musicals and dramas, including On the Twentieth Century and Shenandoah , winning the Tony Awards for Best Leading Actor in a Musical for each...

     (b. 1930), Tony Award
    Tony Award
    The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as a Tony Award, recognizes achievement in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at an annual ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway...

     winning actor and singer
  • Dale Dickey
    Dale Dickey
    Dale Dickey is an American actress best known for her recurring role as Patty on My Name is Earl and for her supporting roles in films such as Domino and Winter's Bone....

     (b. 1961), actress
  • Harry Fujiwara
    Harry Fujiwara
    Harry Fujiwara is an American former professional wrestler and manager, best known by his ring name Mr. Fuji. He was infamous for often throwing salt in the eyes of face wrestlers...

     (b. 1935), better known as "Mr. Fuji," professional wrestler
  • Christina Hendricks
    Christina Hendricks
    Christina Rene Hendricks is an actress known for her role as Joan Holloway in the AMC cable television series Mad Men, and as Saffron in Fox's short-lived series Firefly. Hendricks was named "the sexiest woman in the world" in 2010 in a poll of female readers taken by Esquire magazine.-Personal...

     (b. 1975), actress
  • Glenn Jacobs (b. 1967), better known as "Kane," professional wrestler
  • Jeff Jarrett
    Jeff Jarrett
    Jeffrey Leonard Jarrett is an American professional wrestler and wrestling promoter. He is currently signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling , an organization he co-founded along with his father and in which he holds some stock but not total control...

     (b. 1967), professional wrestler
  • David Keith
    David Keith
    David Lemuel Keith is an American actor and director. He received Golden Globe nominations for Best Supporting Actor and New Star of the Year – Actor for his performance in An Officer and a Gentleman.-Career:...

     (b. 1954), actor
  • Johnny Knoxville
    Johnny Knoxville
    Philip John Clapp , better known by his stage name Johnny Knoxville, is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, stunt performer, best known for being the co-creator and principal star of the MTV reality series Jackass, with the catchphrase "I'm Johnny Knoxville, and welcome to Jackass."-Early...

     (b. 1971), actor and daredevil
  • Patricia Neal
    Patricia Neal
    Patricia Neal was an American actress of stage and screen. She was best known for her film roles as World War II widow Helen Benson in The Day the Earth Stood Still , wealthy matron Emily Eustace Failenson in Breakfast at Tiffany's , middle-aged housekeeper Alma Brown in Hud , for which she won...

     (1926–2010), actress
  • Brad Renfro
    Brad Renfro
    Brad Barron Renfro was an American actor. He made his film debut in 1994 at age 12 in the lead role of Joel Schumacher's The Client, going on to star in 21 feature films, several short films, and two television episodes during his career. Much of his later career was marred by a pattern of...

     (1982–2008), actor
  • Quentin Tarantino
    Quentin Tarantino
    Quentin Jerome Tarantino is an American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer and actor. In the early 1990s, he began his career as an independent filmmaker with films employing nonlinear storylines and the aestheticization of violence...

     (b. 1963), film director
  • Bob Thomas (b. 1965), radio personality, actor, writer
  • Jake Thomas
    Jake Thomas
    Jake Thomas is an American actor and singer, perhaps best known for his role as Matt McGuire, the titular character's younger brother, in the Disney Channel show Lizzie McGuire. In 2002, he won a Young Artist Award for supporting actor for his performance in Artificial Intelligence: AI...

     (b. 1990), actor
  • Tina Wesson
    Tina Wesson
    Tina Wesson won $1,000,000 as the winner of Survivor: The Australian Outback. A married personal nurse from Knoxville, Tennessee, Wesson outlasted 15 other players to become the first woman to win the $1 million prize in 2001. She did not have any votes cast against her at Tribal Council...

     (b. 1960), winner of Survivor: The Australian Outback

Military

  • David Farragut
    David Farragut
    David Glasgow Farragut was a flag officer of the United States Navy during the American Civil War. He was the first rear admiral, vice admiral, and admiral in the United States Navy. He is remembered in popular culture for his order at the Battle of Mobile Bay, usually paraphrased: "Damn the...

     (1801–1870), Civil War admiral
  • Lawrence Tyson
    Lawrence Tyson
    Lawrence Davis Tyson was an American general, politician and textile manufacturer, operating primarily out of Knoxville, Tennessee, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He commanded the 59th Brigade of the 30th Infantry during World War I, and served as a Democratic United States...

     (1861–1929), World War I general and United States Senator

Music

  • Roy Acuff
    Roy Acuff
    Roy Claxton Acuff was an American country music singer, fiddler, and promoter. Known as the King of Country Music, Acuff is often credited with moving the genre from its early string band and "hoedown" format to the star singer-based format that helped make it internationally successful.Acuff...

     (1903–1992), country music singer
  • The Aldridge Sisters
    The Aldridge Sisters
    The Aldridge Sisters, Sheila and Sherry Aldridge, are an American singing act that appeared on The Lawrence Welk Show from 1977 to 1982.-The sisters and their family:...

    , country music duo
  • Chet Atkins
    Chet Atkins
    Chester Burton Atkins , known as Chet Atkins, was an American guitarist and record producer who, along with Owen Bradley, created the smoother country music style known as the Nashville sound, which expanded country's appeal to adult pop music fans as well.Atkins's picking style, inspired by Merle...

     (1924–2001), country music guitarist
  • Ava Barber
    Ava Barber
    Ava Barber is an American country music singer and performer. She is best remembered for having performed on The Lawrence Welk Show throughout much of the 1970s and early 1980s....

     (b. 1954), country music singer, featured performer from The Lawrence Welk Show
    The Lawrence Welk Show
    The Lawrence Welk Show is an American televised musical variety show hosted by big band leader Lawrence Welk. The series aired locally in Los Angeles for four years , then nationally for another 27 years via the ABC network and first-run syndication .In the years since first-run syndication...

  • Dave Barnes
    Dave Barnes
    Dave Barnes is an American rock-R&B-contemporary Christian singer-songwriter from Nashville, Tennessee.-Early life:...

     (b. 1978), singer/songwriter/musician
  • Brian Bell
    Brian Bell (musician)
    Brian Bell is an American guitarist and songwriter. Active since 1989, he is best known as the rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist for the American alternative rock band Weezer. Bell joined Weezer in 1993 following the departure of founding member Jason Cropper...

     (b. 1968), guitarist for the band Weezer
    Weezer
    Weezer is an American alternative rock band. The band currently consists of Rivers Cuomo , Patrick Wilson , Brian Bell , and Scott Shriner . The band has changed lineups three times since its formation in 1992...

  • Didi Benami
    Didi Benami
    Vered "Didi" Benami is an American singer/songwriter from Knoxville, Tennessee, who was the tenth place finalist on the ninth season of American Idol.-Early life:...

     (b. 1986), American singer/songwriter, top-ten American Idol
    American Idol
    American Idol, titled American Idol: The Search for a Superstar for the first season, is a reality television singing competition created by Simon Fuller and produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment...

     finalist
  • Kenny Chesney
    Kenny Chesney
    Kenneth "Kenny" Arnold Chesney is an American country music singer and songwriter. Chesney has recorded 15 albums, 14 of which have been certified gold or higher by the RIAA. He has also produced more than 30 Top Ten singles on the U.S...

     (b. 1968), country musician
  • Mary Costa
    Mary Costa
    Mary Costa is an American singer, actress, and Disney Legend. She is best known for playing the voice of Princess Aurora in the 1959 Disney film Sleeping Beauty. She is also a professional opera singer....

     (b. 1930), opera singer, voice of Disney
    The Walt Disney Company
    The Walt Disney Company is the largest media conglomerate in the world in terms of revenue. Founded on October 16, 1923, by Walt and Roy Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, Walt Disney Productions established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into...

    's Sleeping Beauty
    Sleeping Beauty
    Sleeping Beauty by Charles Perrault or Little Briar Rose by the Brothers Grimm is a classic fairytale involving a beautiful princess, enchantment, and a handsome prince...

  • John Davis
    John Davis (singer-songwriter)
    John Davis , is a founding member of the rock band Superdrag.-Superdrag:Davis' primary roles in the band were that of songwriter, singer and lead guitarist. By the time Superdrag was beginning work on their fourth full-length record, Davis was an alcoholic. One night as Davis was driving, he...

     (b. 1974), musician, lead singer of Superdrag
    Superdrag
    Superdrag is an alternative rock band from Knoxville, Tennessee. The band had a hit with its 1996 single "Sucked Out" off their album Regretfully Yours, for which a video clip was broadcast regularly on MTV...

  • Disciple
    Disciple (band)
    Disciple is a Christian metal / rock band from Knoxville, Tennessee, formed in 1992.-History:Disciple was formed in 1992 by high school friends Kevin Young, Brad Noah, and Tim Barrett. The band released their first CD, What Was I Thinking in 1995...

    , Christian rock band
  • Homer and Jethro
    Homer and Jethro
    Homer and Jethro were the stage names of American country music duo Henry D. Haynes and Kenneth C. Burns , popular from the 1940s through the 1960s on radio and television for their satirical versions of popular songs...

    , country musicians
  • Con Hunley
    Con Hunley
    Conard Logan "Con" Hunley is a country music singer.Hunley was born in Knoxville, Tennessee. After graduating from Central High School in Knoxville, Hunley began playing with local bands, maturing musically and gaining his first fans. Hunley joined the Air Force in 1965 and spent most of his...

     (b. 1945), country music artist
  • Harry McClintock
    Harry McClintock
    Harry Kirby McClintock , also known as "Haywire Mac," was an American singer and poet. Born in Knoxville, Tennessee, "the son of a railroad cabinetmaker and nephew of four boomer trainmen. His drifting began when he ran away from home as a boy to join a circus...

     (1882–1957), folk musician, "Big Rock Candy Mountain
    Big Rock Candy Mountain
    Big Rock Candy Mountain, first recorded by Harry McClintock in 1928, is a song about a hobo's idea of paradise, a modern version of the medieval concept of Cockaigne...

    "
  • Brownie McGhee
    Brownie McGhee
    Walter Brown McGhee was a Piedmont blues singer and guitarist, best known for his collaborations with the harmonica player Sonny Terry.-Life and career:...

     (1915–1996), blues musician
  • Stick McGhee
    Stick McGhee
    Granville Henry McGhee, also known as Stick McGhee, was an African-American jump blues guitarist, singer and songwriter, best known for his blues song, "Drinkin' Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee".-Early life:...

     (1917–1961), blues musician
  • Grace Moore
    Grace Moore
    Grace Moore was an American operatic soprano and actress in musical theatre and film. She was nicknamed the "Tennessee Nightingale." Her films helped to popularize opera by bringing it to a larger audience.-Early life:...

     (1898–1947), opera singer
  • Nick Raskulinecz
    Nick Raskulinecz
    Nick Raskulinecz is a Grammy-winning American record producer. He resides in Nashville, Tennessee.-Production career:Raskulinecz is from the Bearden area of Knoxville, Tennessee. He first produced and recorded bands in Knoxville on a 8-track recorder that his grandfather bought for him...

    , Grammy
    Grammy Award
    A Grammy Award — or Grammy — is an accolade by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the music industry...

    -winning record producer
  • Florence Reece
    Florence Reece
    Florence Reece was an American social activist, poet, and folksong writer. Born in Sharps Chapel, Tennessee, the daughter and wife of coal miners, she is best known for the song, "Which Side Are You On?" written in 1931 during a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in which her husband,...

     (1900–1986), folk songwriter; coal mining labor activist
  • Brent Smith
    Brent Smith
    Brent Smith is the lead vocalist and singer-songwriter of the band Shinedown. His biggest influences as a singer are Otis Redding, Billie Holiday, and Chris Cornell.-Personal life:...

     (b. 1978), rock singer, lead vocalist for Shinedown
    Shinedown
    Shinedown is an American rock band from Jacksonville, Florida, formed in 2001 and founded by members Brent Smith , Brad Stewart , Jasin Todd , and Barry Kerch . A few line-up changes followed, and the band's current line-up consists of Smith and Kerch, the band's only two remaining original...

  • Whitechapel
    Whitechapel (band)
    Whitechapel is an American deathcore band from Knoxville, Tennessee. The group comprises vocalist Phil Bozeman, guitarists Ben Savage, Alex Wade, Zach Householder; bassist Gabe Crisp and drummer Ben Harclerode. Their band name is derived from a district in the built-up inner city of London, known...

    , deathcore band
  • 10 Years
    10 Years
    10 Years is an American alternative metal band, formed in Knoxville, Tennessee in 1999.-Early Years, Into the Half Moon :10 Years was initially formed in Knoxville, Tennessee in 1999 with singer Mike Underdown, drummer Brian Vodinh, bassist Lewis Cosby, and guitarists Ryan "Tater" Johnson and Matt...

    , alternative metal band

Politics and law

  • Robert H. Adams
    Robert H. Adams
    Robert Huntington Adams was a Mississippi lawyer and politician who, in the final months of his life, briefly served as United States senator from Mississippi....

     (1792–1830), United States Senator from Mississippi
  • Alexander O. Anderson
    Alexander O. Anderson
    Alexander Outlaw Anderson was an American attorney who represented Tennessee in the United States Senate, and later served in the California State Senate, and on the California Supreme Court.-Biography:The son of longtime U.S...

     (1794–1869), United States Senator
  • Victor Ashe
    Victor Ashe
    Victor Henderson Ashe II is the former United States Ambassador to Poland. From 1987 to 2003, he was mayor of Knoxville, Tennessee. Ashe is a Republican. Ambassador Ashe concluded his service as Ambassador to Poland on February 6, 2009....

     (b. 1945), former mayor, US ambassador to Poland
  • William Blount
    William Blount
    William Blount, was a United States statesman. He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention for North Carolina, the first and only governor of the Southwest Territory, and Democratic-Republican Senator from Tennessee . He played a major role in establishing the state of Tennessee. He was the...

     (1749–1800), Constitutional Convention delegate, Governor of the Southwest Territory
    Southwest Territory
    The Territory South of the River Ohio, more commonly known as the Southwest Territory, was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 26, 1790, until June 1, 1796, when it was admitted to the United States as the State of Tennessee.The Southwest Territory was...

    , United States Senator
  • William G. "Parson" Brownlow
    William Gannaway Brownlow
    William Gannaway "Parson" Brownlow was an American newspaper editor, minister, and politician who served as Governor of the state of Tennessee from 1865 to 1869 and as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1869 to 1875...

     (1805–1877), publisher of the Knoxville Whig, governor of Tennessee, United States Senator
  • John Hervey Crozier
    John Hervey Crozier
    John Hervey Crozier was an American attorney and politician active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, during the mid-nineteenth century...

     (1812–1889), U.S. congressman
  • James Alexander Fowler
    James Alexander Fowler
    James Alexander Fowler was an American lawyer who served in various capacities as an Assistant Attorney General and Special Assistant to the U.S. Attorney General from 1908 to 1914, and from 1921 to 1926...

     (1863–1955), U.S. Assistant Attorney General
    United States Assistant Attorney General
    Many of the divisions and offices of the United States Department of Justice are headed by an Assistant Attorney General.The President of the United States appoints individuals to the position of Assistant Attorney General with the advice and consent of the Senate...

     and Knoxville mayor
  • Lizzie Crozier French
    Lizzie Crozier French
    Margaret Elizabeth "Lizzie" Crozier French was an American educator, women's suffragist and social reform activist...

     (1851–1926), women's suffragist
  • Bill Haslam
    Bill Haslam
    William Edward "Bill" Haslam is the 49th and current Governor of Tennessee. A member of the Republican Party, Haslam was elected to office in 2010...

     (b. 1958), governor of Tennessee, mayor of Knoxville
  • William H. Hastie
    William H. Hastie
    William Henry Hastie, Jr. was an American, lawyer, judge, educator, public official, and advocate for the civil rights of African Americans...

     (1904–1976), U.S. Virgin Islands
    United States Virgin Islands
    The Virgin Islands of the United States are a group of islands in the Caribbean that are an insular area of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.The U.S...

     governor, first African American
    African American
    African Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have at least partial ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa and are the direct descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States...

     federal appellate court
    United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
    The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts for the following districts:* District of Delaware* District of New Jersey...

     judge
  • Leonidas Houk (1836–1891), U.S. congressman
  • Sam Houston
    Sam Houston
    Samuel Houston, known as Sam Houston , was a 19th-century American statesman, politician, and soldier. He was born in Timber Ridge in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, of Scots-Irish descent. Houston became a key figure in the history of Texas and was elected as the first and third President of...

     (1793–1863), governor of Tennessee and Texas, United States Senator
  • Ray Jenkins
    Ray Jenkins
    Ray Howard Jenkins was an American lawyer, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, and the surrounding region, throughout much of the 20th century...

     (1897–1980), attorney, Senate counsel during the Army-McCarthy Hearings
    Army-McCarthy Hearings
    The Army–McCarthy hearings were a series of hearings held by the United States Senate's Subcommittee on Investigations between April 1954 and June 1954. The hearings were held for the purpose of investigating conflicting accusations between the United States Army and Senator Joseph McCarthy...

  • Horace Maynard
    Horace Maynard
    Horace Maynard was an American educator, attorney, politician and diplomat active primarily in the second half of the 19th century...

     (1814–1882), U.S. congressman and postmaster general
  • William Gibbs McAdoo
    William Gibbs McAdoo
    William Gibbs McAdoo, Jr. was an American lawyer and political leader who served as a U.S. Senator, United States Secretary of the Treasury and director of the United States Railroad Administration...

     (1863–1941), U.S. Secretary of the Treasury
  • Lee McClung
    Lee McClung
    Thomas Lee "Bum" McClung was an American football player who later served as the 22nd Treasurer of the United States....

     (1870–1914), U.S. Treasurer
  • John Randolph Neal, Jr.
    John Randolph Neal, Jr.
    John Randolph Neal, Jr. was an American attorney, law professor, politician, and activist, best known for his role as chief counsel during the 1925 Scopes Trial, and as an advocate for the establishment of the Tennessee Valley Authority in the 1920s and 1930s...

     (1876–1959), law professor, Scopes Trial attorney
  • T.A.R. Nelson
    Thomas Amos Rogers Nelson
    Thomas Amos Rogers Nelson was an American attorney, politician, and judge, active primarily in East Tennessee during the mid-19th century. He represented Tennessee's 1st Congressional District in the 36th U.S. Congress , where he gained a reputation as a staunch pro-Union southerner...

     (1812–1873), U.S. congressman
  • Glenn Reynolds
    Glenn Reynolds
    Glenn Harlan Reynolds is Beauchamp Brogan Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Tennessee, and is best known for his weblog, Instapundit, one of the most widely read American political weblogs...

     (b. 1960), legal academic and blogger
  • Edward Terry Sanford
    Edward Terry Sanford
    Edward Terry Sanford was an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice on the United States Supreme Court from 1923 until his death in 1930. Prior to his nomination to the high court, Sanford served as an Assistant Attorney General under President Theodore Roosevelt from 1905 to 1907, and...

     (1865–1930), U.S. Supreme Court justice
  • John Sevier
    John Sevier
    John Sevier served four years as the only governor of the State of Franklin and twelve years as Governor of Tennessee. As a U.S. Representative from Tennessee from 1811 until his death...

     (1745–1815), pioneer and soldier, first governor of Tennessee
  • William Henry Sneed
    William Henry Sneed
    William Henry Sneed was an American attorney and politician, active initially in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, and later in Knoxville, Tennessee, during the mid-19th century. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for Tennessee's 2nd congressional district during the...

     (1812–1869), U.S. congressman
  • Oliver Perry Temple
    Oliver Perry Temple
    Oliver Perry Temple was an American attorney, author, judge, and economic promoter active primarily in East Tennessee in the latter half of the 19th century. During the months leading up to the Civil War, Temple played a pivotal role in organizing East Tennessee's Unionists...

     (1820–1907), attorney, judge, and historian
  • Hugh Lawson White
    Hugh Lawson White
    Hugh Lawson White was a prominent American politician during the first third of the 19th century. He succeeded Andrew Jackson and served in the United States Senate, representing Tennessee, from 1825 until his resignation in 1840, and was a Whig candidate for President in 1836...

     (1773–1840), United States Senator, presidential candidate
  • James White
    James White (general)
    James White was an American pioneer and soldier who founded Knoxville, Tennessee, in the early 1790s. Born in Rowan County, North Carolina, White served as a captain in the county's militia during the American Revolutionary War...

     (1747–1820), pioneer, founder of Knoxville
  • John Williams
    John Williams (Tennessee)
    John Williams was an American lawyer, soldier, and statesman, operating primarily out of Knoxville, Tennessee, in the first part of the 19th century. He represented Tennessee in the United States Senate from 1815 to 1823, when he lost reelection to Andrew Jackson. Williams also served as colonel...

     (1778–1837), U.S. senator
  • William F. Yardley
    William F. Yardley
    William Francis Yardley was an American attorney, politician and civil rights advocate, operating primarily out of Knoxville, Tennessee, in the late 19th century. He was Tennessee's first African American gubernatorial candidate, and is believed to have been the first African American attorney to...

     (1844–1924), attorney, first African American to run for governor of Tennessee

Science

  • William M. Bass
    William M. Bass
    William Marvin Bass III is an American forensic anthropologist, best known for his research on human osteology and human decomposition. He has also assisted federal, local, and non-U.S. authorities in the identification of human remains...

    , founder of the University of Tennessee's Body Farm
    Body Farm
    A body farm is a research facility where human decomposition can be studied in a variety of settings. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the decomposition process, permitting the development of techniques for extracting information from human remains...

     and author of Death's Acre
  • Weston Fulton
    Weston Fulton
    Weston Miller Fulton was an American meteorologist, inventor, and entrepreneur, best known for his invention, the "sylphon," a seamless metal bellows used in thermostats, switches, and other temperature-control devices. Fulton also invented an automatic river gauge while working for the U.S...

     (1871–1946), meteorologist, inventor
  • Jack Hanna
    Jack Hanna
    John Bushnell "Jack" Hanna is an American zookeeper who is the Director Emeritus of the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium. He was Director of the zoo from 1978 to 1993, and is viewed as largely responsible for elevating its quality and reputation. His media appearances have made him one of the most...

     (b. 1947), zoologist
  • Gerald North
    Gerald North
    Gerald R. North is Distinguished Professor and Holder of the Harold J. Haynes Endowed Chair in Geosciences at Texas A&M University, and previous Head of the Department of Atmospheric Sciences. His interests include climate change using simplified climate models.North was born in Sweetwater,...

     (b. 1938), climatologist
  • Helen Smith
    Helen Smith (psychologist)
    Helen Smith is a forensic psychologist in Knoxville, Tennessee who specializes in violent children and adults. She holds a PhD from the University of Tennessee and masters degrees from The New School for Social Research and the City University of New York...

    , forensic psychologist

Sports

  • Trevor Bayne
    Trevor Bayne
    Trevor Bayne is an American NASCAR Sprint Cup Series and Nationwide Series race car driver. He drives the No. 21 Motorcraft/QuickLane Ford Fusion for Wood Brothers Racing in the Sprint Cup Series, and the No. 16 Ford Mustang for Roush Fenway Racing in the Nationwide Series.Bayne began his racing...

     (b. 1991), NASCAR
    NASCAR
    The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing is a family-owned and -operated business venture that sanctions and governs multiple auto racing sports events. It was founded by Bill France Sr. in 1947–48. As of 2009, the CEO for the company is Brian France, grandson of the late Bill France Sr...

     driver and 2011 Daytona 500
    2011 Daytona 500
    The 2011 Daytona 500, the 53rd running of the event, was held on February 20, 2011 at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida over 200 laps on the 2.5 mile asphalt tri-oval. First race of the 2011 Sprint Cup Series season, it was won by the Wood Brothers...

     winner
  • Reggie Cobb
    Reggie Cobb
    Reginald "Reggie" John Cobb is a former professional American football player who was selected by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the second round of the 1990 NFL Draft. A 6'0", 225-lb...

     (b. 1968), NFL running back
  • Phillip Fulmer
    Phillip Fulmer
    Phillip Fulmer is a TV college football analyst and the former head coach of the Tennessee Volunteers football team, who compiled a 152–52 record from 1992–2008 as head coach, but was fired during a 5–7 season in 2008...

     (b. 1950), former head coach of Tennessee Volunteers football team
  • Todd Helton
    Todd Helton
    Todd Lynn Helton is a Major League Baseball first baseman for the Colorado Rockies. He is a five-time All-Star, four-time Silver Slugger, four-time National League Player of the Month, and three-time Gold Glove winner....

     (b. 1973), Major League Baseball
    Major League Baseball
    Major League Baseball is the highest level of professional baseball in the United States and Canada, consisting of teams that play in the National League and the American League...

     player
  • Garth Iorg
    Garth Iorg
    Garth Ray Iorg is a former Major League Baseball player who played his entire career for the Toronto Blue Jays.-Career:After attending College of the Redwoods, Iorg was drafted in the 8th round in the 1973 Major League Baseball Draft by the New York Yankees...

     (b. 1954), Major League Baseball
    Major League Baseball
    Major League Baseball is the highest level of professional baseball in the United States and Canada, consisting of teams that play in the National League and the American League...

     player and coach
  • Reggie McKenzie
    Reggie McKenzie (linebacker)
    Reggie McKenzie is an American football executive and former player. He is Director - Football Operations for the Green Bay Packers, and has worked for the Packers since 1994.His Super Bowl ring was stolen on May 3, 2009....

     (b. 1963), NFL linebacker
  • Robert Neyland
    Robert Neyland
    Robert Reese Neyland, MBE was an American football player and coach and and officer in the United States Army, reaching the rank of brigadier general. He served three stints as the head football coach as the University of Tennessee...

     (1892–1962), University of Tennessee football coach
  • Kevin O'Connell
    Kevin O'Connell (American football)
    Kevin William O'Connell is an American football quarterback for the New York Jets of the National Football League. He was drafted by the New England Patriots in the third round of the 2008 NFL Draft...

     (b. 1985), NFL player
  • Chad Pennington
    Chad Pennington
    James Chadwick "Chad" Pennington is an American football quarterback who played in the National Football League for ten years. He is currently a football analyst with FOX Sports though he plans to return to playing after recovering from an injury...

     (b. 1976), NFL quarterback
  • Jerry Punch
    Jerry Punch
    Dr. Jerry Punch is an American auto racing and college football commentator on ESPN. Punch also does local radio spots in Knoxville.-Early life and career:...

     (b. 1953), ESPN
    ESPN
    Entertainment and Sports Programming Network, commonly known as ESPN, is an American global cable television network focusing on sports-related programming including live and pre-taped event telecasts, sports talk shows, and other original programming....

     analyst
  • Fuad Reveiz
    Fuad Reveiz
    Fuad Reveiz is a former placekicker for the Miami Dolphins, the San Diego Chargers, and the Minnesota Vikings. He played for Miami Sunset Senior High and was voted one of the top high school football players from Miami of all time by the Miami Herald...

     (b. 1963), NFL placekicker
  • Doris Sams
    Doris Sams
    Doris Jane Sams [Sammye] is a former female outfielder and pitcher who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5' 9", 145 lbs., she batted and threw right handed....

     (b. 1927), All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
    All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
    The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League was a women's professional baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley which existed from 1943 to 1954. During the league's history, over 600 women played ball.-History:...

     player
  • Pat Summitt
    Pat Summitt
    Patricia "Pat" Head Summitt is an American women's college basketball coach. She is currently the head coach of the Tennessee Lady Vols basketball team. She is the all-time winningest coach in NCAA basketball history of either a men's or women's team in any division...

     (b. 1952), head coach, Tennessee Lady Vols basketball team
  • John Tate
    John Tate (boxer)
    John Tate was an American prizefighter and Olympic boxer, who briefly held the World Boxing Association heavyweight title from 1979 to 1980.-Amateur career:...

     (1955–1998), Olympic and professional boxer
  • Elston Turner
    Elston Turner
    Elston Howard Turner is a retired American professional basketball player and current assistant coach and defensive coordinator for the NBA's Phoenix Suns.-Playing career:...

     (b. 1959), NBA player and coach
  • Jason Witten
    Jason Witten
    Christopher Jason Witten is an American football tight end who plays for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League. He played college football at the University of Tennessee....

     (b.1982), NFL Tight End, Dallas Cowboys
    Dallas Cowboys
    The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football franchise which plays in the Eastern Division of the National Football Conference of the National Football League . They are headquartered in Valley Ranch in Irving, Texas, a suburb of Dallas...

  • Chris Woodruff
    Chris Woodruff
    Chris Woodruff is an American former professional male tennis player. He hails from Knoxville, Tennessee and was trained at the Knoxville Racquet Club.- College career :...

     (b. 1973), professional tennis player

Writers and journalists

  • James Agee
    James Agee
    James Rufus Agee was an American author, journalist, poet, screenwriter and film critic. In the 1940s, he was one of the most influential film critics in the U.S...

     (1909–1955), Pulitzer Prize-winning author
  • Paul Y. Anderson
    Paul Y. Anderson
    Paul Y. Anderson was an American journalist. He was a pioneering muckraker and played a role in exposing the Teapot Dome scandal of the 1920s. His coverage included the 1917 race riots in East St. Louis and the Scopes Trial...

     (1893–1938), Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative reporter
  • Anne W. Armstrong
    Anne W. Armstrong
    Anne Wetzell Armstrong was an American novelist and businesswoman, active primarily in the first half of the 20th century. She is best known for her novel, This Day and Time, an account of life in a rural Appalachian community...

     (1872–1958), author of This Day and Time (1930)
  • Carson Brewer
    Carson Brewer
    Carson Brewer was an American journalist and conservationist, best known for his work documenting the folk life of Knoxville and the surrounding Appalachian communities in East Tennessee...

     (1920–2003), journalist and conservationist
  • Frances Hodgson Burnett
    Frances Hodgson Burnett
    Frances Eliza Hodgson Burnett was an English playwright and author. She is best known for her children's stories, in particular The Secret Garden , A Little Princess, and Little Lord Fauntleroy.Born Frances Eliza Hodgson, she lived in Cheetham Hill, Manchester...

     (1849–1924), author of The Secret Garden
    The Secret Garden
    The Secret Garden is a novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It was initially published in serial format starting in the autumn of 1910, and was first published in its entirety in 1911. It is now one of Burnett's most popular novels, and is considered to be a classic of English children's...

  • Albert Chavannes
    Albert Chavannes
    Albert Chavannes was a Swiss-born American author, philosopher, and sociologist, active primarily in the late 19th century...

     (1836–1903), Utopian philosopher
  • Lowell Cunningham
    Lowell Cunningham
    Lowell Cunningham is an American creator and writer best known for The Men in Black, which became the basis for a media franchise.-Biography:Cunningham created the comic book series The Men in Black...

     (b. 1959), comic book writer, Men in Black creator
  • Nikki Giovanni
    Nikki Giovanni
    Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni is an American poet, writer, commentator, activist, and educator. Her primary focus is on the individual and the power one has to make a difference in oneself and in the lives of others. Giovanni’s poetry expresses strong racial pride, respect for family, and her...

     (b. 1943), poet
  • Alex Haley
    Alex Haley
    Alexander Murray Palmer Haley was an African-American writer. He is best known as the author of Roots: The Saga of an American Family and the coauthor of The Autobiography of Malcolm X.-Early life:...

     (1921–1992), author of Roots
    Roots: The Saga of an American Family
    Roots: The Saga of an American Family is a novel written by Alex Haley and first published in 1976. It tells the story of Kunta Kinte, an 18th-century African, captured as an adolescent and sold into slavery in the United States, and follows his life and the lives of his descendants in the U.S....

  • George Washington Harris
    George Washington Harris
    George Washington Harris was an American humorist best known for his character, "Sut Lovingood," an Appalachian backwoods reveler fond of telling tall tales...

     (1814–1869), Southern humorist
  • Ed Hooper
    Ed Hooper
    William Edward Hooper is an author, news broadcaster and columnist from Knoxville, Tennessee. He is most widely known for his work in military affairs reporting and his coverage of historic preservation and U.S. veterans issues....

     (b. 1964), author, journalist
  • Joseph Wood Krutch
    Joseph Wood Krutch
    Joseph Wood Krutch was an American writer, critic, and naturalist.Born in Knoxville, Tennessee, he initially studied at the University of Tennessee and received a masters degree and Ph.D. from Columbia University. After serving in the army in 1918, he travelled in Europe for a year with friend...

     (1893–1970), writer, naturalist
  • S.J. Mathes
    S.J. Mathes
    Samuel Jay Mathes, known as S.J. Mathes, was a pioneer printer and newspaperman in Los Angeles, California, who in 1881 and 1882 directed the editorial policies of the newly established Los Angeles Daily Times, which later became the Los Angeles Times, until General Harrison Gray Otis took over...

     (1849?–1927), pioneer California newspaperman
  • Cormac McCarthy
    Cormac McCarthy
    Cormac McCarthy is an American novelist and playwright. He has written ten novels, spanning the Southern Gothic, Western, and modernist genres. He received the Pulitzer Prize and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for Fiction for The Road...

     (b. 1933), author
  • Adolph Ochs (1858–1935), newspaper publisher
  • J. G. M. Ramsey
    J. G. M. Ramsey
    James Gettys McGready Ramsey was an American historian, physician, and businessman, active primarily in East Tennessee during the nineteenth century. Ramsey is perhaps best known for his book, The Annals of Tennessee, a seminal work documenting the state's frontier and early statehood periods...

     (1797–1884), historian
  • William Rule
    William Rule (American editor)
    William Rule was an American newspaper editor and politician, best known as the founder of the Knoxville Journal, which was published in Knoxville, Tennessee, from 1870 until 1991. A protégé of vitriolic newspaper editor William G...

     (1839–1928), newspaper editor, mayor of Knoxville

Other

  • Jane Franklin Hommel Denney (1878–1946), socialite and women's club leader
  • Mary Boyce Temple
    Mary Boyce Temple
    Mary Boyce Temple was an American philanthropist and socialite, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She was the first president of the Ossoli Circle, the oldest federated women's club in the South, and published a biography of the club's namesake,...

    (1856–1929), philanthropist and preservationist
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