List of kings of Babylon
Encyclopedia
The following is a list of the kings of Babylonia
(ancient southern
-central
Iraq
), compiled from the traditional Babylonia
n king lists and modern archaeological findings.
. As in the latter, contemporaneous dynasties are listed chronologically without comment.
There are three versions, one known as "King List A" (containing all the kings from the First Dynasty of Babylon to the Neo-Assyrian king Kandalanu
) and "King List B" (containing only the two first dynasties) and "King List C" (containing the first seven kings of the Second Dynasty of Isin). A fourth version was written in Greek by Berossus
. The "Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Age" is a continuation that mentions all the Seleucid kings from Alexander the Great to Demetrius II Nicator
.
Kings of Larsa
First Dynasty of Babylon, (Amorite
ian regions south of it. Nevertheless, it is often traditionally numbered the Second Dynasty of Babylon, and so is listed here.
Early Kassite
This dynasty also did not actually rule Babylon, but their numbering scheme
was continued by later Kassite Kings of Babylon, and so they are listed here.
Dynasty IV of Babylon, from Isin
Dynasty is rather tenuous.
clan drew its ancestry.
Dynasty X of Babylon (Assyrian
Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean
. His son was crowned one year later formally as King of Babylonia
.
Babylonia
Babylonia was an ancient cultural region in central-southern Mesopotamia , with Babylon as its capital. Babylonia emerged as a major power when Hammurabi Babylonia was an ancient cultural region in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq), with Babylon as its capital. Babylonia emerged as...
(ancient southern
Sumer
Sumer was a civilization and historical region in southern Mesopotamia, modern Iraq during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age....
-central
Akkad
The Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region in Mesopotamia....
Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
), compiled from the traditional Babylonia
Babylonia
Babylonia was an ancient cultural region in central-southern Mesopotamia , with Babylon as its capital. Babylonia emerged as a major power when Hammurabi Babylonia was an ancient cultural region in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq), with Babylon as its capital. Babylonia emerged as...
n king lists and modern archaeological findings.
The Babylonian King List
The Babylonian King List is not merely a list of kings of Babylon, but is a very specific ancient list of supposed Babylonian kings recorded in several ancient locations, and related to its predecessor, the Sumerian King ListSumerian king list
The Sumerian King List is an ancient manuscript originally recorded in the Sumerian language, listing kings of Sumer from Sumerian and neighboring dynasties, their supposed reign lengths, and the locations of "official" kingship...
. As in the latter, contemporaneous dynasties are listed chronologically without comment.
There are three versions, one known as "King List A" (containing all the kings from the First Dynasty of Babylon to the Neo-Assyrian king Kandalanu
Kandalanu
- Territory :Kandalanu was king over Babylonia, with exception of the city Nippur. His reign began in 648 B.C. when he was appointed by his overlord King Ashurbanipal of Assyria after the latter had crushed the Babylonian rebellion by Kandalanu’s predecessor, Shamash-shum-ukin.- Identity :Because...
) and "King List B" (containing only the two first dynasties) and "King List C" (containing the first seven kings of the Second Dynasty of Isin). A fourth version was written in Greek by Berossus
Berossus
Berossus was a Hellenistic-era Babylonian writer, a priest of Bel Marduk and astronomer writing in Greek, who was active at the beginning of the 3rd century BC...
. The "Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Age" is a continuation that mentions all the Seleucid kings from Alexander the Great to Demetrius II Nicator
Demetrius II Nicator
For the similarly named Macedonian ruler, see Demetrius II of Macedon. For the Macedonian prince, see Demetrius the Fair.Demetrius II , called Nicator , was one of the sons of Demetrius I Soter, brother of Antiochus VII Sidetes and his mother could have been Laodice V...
.
Kings of LarsaLarsaLarsa was an important city of ancient Sumer, the center of the cult of the sun god Utu. It lies some 25 km southeast of Uruk in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate, near the east bank of the Shatt-en-Nil canal at the site of the modern settlement Tell as-Senkereh or Sankarah.-History:According to...
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Naplanum Naplanum Naplanum was the first independent king of the ancient Near East city-state of Larsa ca. 1961 BC to 1940 BC — roughly during the reign of Ibbi-Sin of Ur-III and the great famine — according to the later Larsa King List... |
ca. 1961–1940 BC | Contemporary of Ibbi-Suen of Ur III |
| Emisum Emisum Emisum or Iemsium ruled the ancient Near East city-state of Larsa from 1940 BC to 1912 BC. He was an Amorite.... |
ca. 1940–1912 BC | |
| Samium Samium Samium ruled the ancient Near Eastern city-state of Larsa from 1912 BC to 1877 BC. He was an Amorite. He had a son called Zabaia.... |
ca. 1912–1877 BC | |
| Zabaia Zabaia Zabaia ruled the ancient Near East city-stateof Larsa from 1877 BC to 1868 BC. He was an Amorite and the son ofSamium.... |
ca. 1877–1868 BC | Son of Samium, First royal inscription |
| Gungunum Gungunum Gungunum ruled the ancient Near East city-state of Larsa from 1868 BC to 1841 BC. He was an Amorite, the son of Samium. He was a contemporary of Lipit-Ishtar of Isin, and took control of the city of Ur... |
ca. 1868–1841 BC | Gutian Gutian Gutian may refer to:* Gutian County, county in Ningde Municipality, Fujian, China** Gutian Massacre, massacre of Christians in Gutian County* Gutian , town in Shanghang County, Longyan Municipality, Fujian, China... king who Gained independence from Lipit-Eshtar of Isin Isin Isin was an ancient city-state of lower Mesopotamia about 20 miles south of Nippur at the site of modern Ishan al-Bahriyat in Iraq's Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate.-History:... |
| Abisare Abisare Abisare ruled the ancient Near East city-state of Larsa from 1841 BC to 1830 BC. He was an Amorite. The annals of his 11 year-old reign record that he smote Isin in his 9th regnal year.-External links:*... |
ca. 1841–1830 BC | |
| Sumuel Sumuel Sumuel or Sumu-El ruled the ancient Near East city-stateof Larsa from c. 1830 BC to 1801 BC. He was an Amorite. Annals for his complete 29 year reign have survived; thus it is known that he campaigned against Akusum and Kazallu in his year 4, Uruk in year 5, Pinaratim in year 8, Sabum in year 10,... |
ca. 1830–1801 BC | |
| Nur-Adad Nur-Adad Nur-Adad ruled the ancient Near East city-stateof Larsa from 1801 BC to 1785 BC. He was a contemporary of Sumu-la-El of Babylon.... |
ca. 1801–1785 BC | Contemporary of Sumu-la-El Sumu-la-El Sumu-la-El was a King in the First Dynasty of Babylon. He reigned ca.1817 BC - 1781 BC.-References:... of Babylon |
| Sin-Iddinam Sin-Iddinam Sin-Iddinam ruled the ancient Near East city-stateof Larsa from 1785 BC to 1778 BC. He was the son of Nur-Adad, withwhom there may have been a short co-regency overlap.... |
ca. 1785–1778 BC | Son of Nur-Adad |
| Sin-Eribam Sin-Eribam Sin-Eribam ruled the ancient Near East Amorite city-stateof Larsa for only two years, from ca. 1778 BC to 1776 BC.-External links:*... |
ca. 1778–1776 BC | |
| Sin-Iqisham Sin-Iqisham Sin-Iqisham ruled the ancient Near East city-stateof Larsa from 1776 BC to 1771 BC. He was the son of Sin-Eribam and a contemporary of Zambiya of Isin.... |
ca. 1776–1771 BC | Contemporary of Zambiya of Isin Isin Isin was an ancient city-state of lower Mesopotamia about 20 miles south of Nippur at the site of modern Ishan al-Bahriyat in Iraq's Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate.-History:... , Son of Sin-Eribam |
| Silli-Adad Silli-Adad Silli-Adad ruled the ancient Near East city-stateof Larsa from 1771 BC to 1770 BC. His reign was less than a full year; the annals state that he was "removed from kingship" and "was no longer king". His successor was Warad-Sin.-External links:*... |
ca. 1771–1770 BC | |
| Warad-Sin Warad-Sin Warad-Sin ruled the ancient Near East city-stateof Larsa from 1770 BC to 1758 BC. There are indications that hisfather Kudur-Mabuk was co-regent or at very least the power behind thethrone. His sister En-ane-du was high priestess of the moon god in Ur.... |
ca. 1770–1758 BC | Possible co-regency with Kudur-Mabuk Kudur-Mabuk Kudur-Mabuk was a ruler in the ancient Near East city-stateof Larsa from 1770 BC to 1754 BC. His sons Warad-Sin andRim-Sin I were kings of Larsa. His daughter En-ane-du was highpriestess of the moon god in Ur.... his father |
| Rim-Sin I Rim-Sin I Rim-Sin I ruled the ancient Near East city-stateof Larsa from 1758 BC to 1699 BC or 1822 BC to 1763 BC . His sister En-ane-du was high priestess of the moon god in Ur. Rim-Sin I was a contemporary of Hammurabi of Babylon and Irdanene of Uruk.-Reign:Rim-Sin’s reign of Larsa started sometime around... |
ca. 1758–1699 BC | Contemporary of Irdanene of Uruk Uruk Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient dry former channel of the Euphrates River, some 30 km east of modern As-Samawah, Al-Muthannā, Iraq.Uruk gave its name to the Uruk... , Defeated by Hammurabi Hammurabi Hammurabi Hammurabi Hammurabi (Akkadian from Amorite ʻAmmurāpi, "the kinsman is a healer", from ʻAmmu, "paternal kinsman", and Rāpi, "healer"; (died c... of Babylon, Brother of Warad-Sin |
| Hammurabi Hammurabi Hammurabi Hammurabi Hammurabi (Akkadian from Amorite ʻAmmurāpi, "the kinsman is a healer", from ʻAmmu, "paternal kinsman", and Rāpi, "healer"; (died c... of Babylon |
ca. 1699–1686 BC | Official Babylonian rule, code of Hammurabi |
| Samsu-iluna Samsu-Iluna Samsu-iluna was the seventh king of the founding Amorite dynasty of Babylon, ruling from 1750 BC to 1712 BC middle chronology. He was the son and successor of Hammurabi by an unknown mother... of Babylon |
ca. 1686–1678 BC | Official Babylonian rule |
| Rim-Sin II Rim-Sin II Rim-Sin II ruled the ancient Near East city-stateof Larsa from 1678 BC to 1674 BC. Rim-Sin II was a contemporary of Samsu-iluna of Babylon.-External links:*... |
ca. 1678–1674 BC | Killed in revolt against Babylon |
First Dynasty of Babylon, (AmoriteAmoriteAmorite refers to an ancient Semitic people who occupied large parts of Mesopotamia from the 21st Century BC...
Dynasty)
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Sumu-abum Sumu-abum Sumu-Adama was the first King of the First Dynasty of Babylon. He reigned from 1830-1817 BC. He is credited with founding the city of Babylon .-References:... or Su-abu |
ca. 1830–1817 BC | Amorite Amorite Amorite refers to an ancient Semitic people who occupied large parts of Mesopotamia from the 21st Century BC... chieftain, founder of independent Babylonian State, Contemporary of Erishum I Erishum I Erishum I was the king of Assyria between 1906 BC to 1867 BC. He was the son of the previous Assyrian king, Ilushuma. He built a temple for the deity Assur... of Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... |
| Sumu-la-El Sumu-la-El Sumu-la-El was a King in the First Dynasty of Babylon. He reigned ca.1817 BC - 1781 BC.-References:... |
ca. 1817–1781 BC | Contemporary of Ikunum Ikunum Ikunum was a king of Assyria between 1867 BC to 1860 BC and the son of Ilushuma.- Reign :He built a temple for the god Ninkigal., strengthened the fortifications of the city of Assur and maintained commercial colonies in Asia Minor.... of Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... |
| Sabium Sabium Sabium was a King in the First Dynasty of Babylon. He reigned ca.1781 BC - 1767 BC.... or Sabum |
ca. 1781–1767 BC | Son of Sumu-la-El |
| Apil-Sin Apil-Sin Apil-Sin was a King in the First Dynasty of Babylon. He reigned c. 1767 BC - 1749 BC. Apil-Sin was the grandfather of Hammurabi, who significantly expanded the Babylonian kingdom. Little is known of the details of Apil-Sin or his reign as king of Babylon... |
ca. 1767–1749 BC | Son of Sabium |
| Sin-muballit Sin-Muballit Sin-Muballit was the father of Hammurabi. He was the fifth king of the first dynasty of Babylonia, reigning c. 1748 to 1729 BC. His son Hammurabi greatly expanded the Babylonian kingdom. Sin-Muballit succeeded Apil-Sin. No inscriptions for either king are known. In Sin-Muballit's 13th year, he... |
ca. 1748–1729 BC | Son of Apil-Sin |
| Hammurabi Hammurabi Hammurabi Hammurabi Hammurabi (Akkadian from Amorite ʻAmmurāpi, "the kinsman is a healer", from ʻAmmu, "paternal kinsman", and Rāpi, "healer"; (died c... |
ca. 1728–1686 BC | Founded Babylonian Empire. Contemporary of Zimri-Lim of Mari Mari, Syria Mari was an ancient Sumerian and Amorite city, located 11 kilometers north-west of the modern town of Abu Kamal on the western bank of Euphrates river, some 120 km southeast of Deir ez-Zor, Syria... , Siwe-palar-huppak of Elam Elam Elam was an ancient civilization located in what is now southwest Iran. Elam was centered in the far west and the southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of Khuzestan and Ilam Province, as well as a small part of southern Iraq... and Shamshi-Adad I Shamshi-Adad I Shamshi-Adad I Shamshi-Adad I Shamshi-Adad I (fl. late 18th century BC (short chronology) was an Assyrian king. He rose to prominence when he carved out an empire encompassing much of Mesopotamia, Syria and Asia Minor... of Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... |
| Samsu-iluna Samsu-Iluna Samsu-iluna was the seventh king of the founding Amorite dynasty of Babylon, ruling from 1750 BC to 1712 BC middle chronology. He was the son and successor of Hammurabi by an unknown mother... |
ca. 1686–1648 BC | Son of Hammurabi |
| Abi-eshuh Abi-Eshuh Abi-Eshuh was an Amorite king of Babylon who reigned from 1711-1684 BC. He was preceded by Samsu-iluna.... or Abieshu |
ca. 1648–1620 BC | Son of Samsu-iluna |
| Ammi-ditana Ammi-Ditana Ammi-Ditana was a king of Babylon who reigned from 1683-1640s BC. He was preceded by Abi-Eshuh. Year-names survive for the first 37 years of his reign, plus fragments for a few possible additional years... |
ca. 1620–1583 BC | Son of Abi-eshuh |
| Ammi-saduqa Ammi-Saduqa Ammi-Saduqa was a king of the First Dynasty of Babylon. Some 21 year-names survive for his reign, including the first 17... or Ammisaduqa |
ca. 1582–1562 BC | Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa The Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa refers to the record of astronomical observations of Venus, as preserved in numerous cuneiform tablets dating from the first millennium BCE. It is believed that this astronomical record was first compiled during the reign of King Ammisaduqa , the fourth ruler after... |
| Samsu-Ditana Samsu-Ditana Samsu-Ditana was the King of Babylon, who reigned from 1626 BC to 1595 BC.Samsu-Ditana is the last king of the First Babylonian Dynasty. After the Hittite army under Mursilis I invaded Babylon, he was overthrown.... |
ca. 1562–1531 BC | Deposed by Hitite king Mursilis in the Sack of Babylon. Last Amorite Amorite Amorite refers to an ancient Semitic people who occupied large parts of Mesopotamia from the 21st Century BC... ruler. |
Sealand Dynasty (Dynasty II of Babylon)
These rulers did not rule Babylonia itself, but rather the formerly SumerSumer
Sumer was a civilization and historical region in southern Mesopotamia, modern Iraq during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age....
ian regions south of it. Nevertheless, it is often traditionally numbered the Second Dynasty of Babylon, and so is listed here.
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Iluma-ilum | fl. ca. 1732 BC | |
| Itti-ili-nibi | ||
| Damiq-ilishu | ||
| Ishkibal | ||
| Shushushi | ||
| Gulkishar | ||
| Peshgaldaramash | ||
| Adarakalamma | ||
| Ekurduanna | ||
| Melamkurkukka | ||
| (1 unnamed king between Gulkishar and Ea-gamil(?)) | ||
| Ea-gamil | fl. ca. 1460 BC |
Early KassiteKassitesThe Kassites were an ancient Near Eastern people who gained control of Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire after ca. 1531 BC to ca. 1155 BC...
Monarchs
This dynasty also did not actually rule Babylon, but their numbering schemeNumbering scheme
There are many different numbering schemes for assigning nominal numbers to entities. These generally require an agreed set of rules, or a central coordinator. The schemes can be considered to be examples of a primary key of a database management system table, whose table definitions require a...
was continued by later Kassite Kings of Babylon, and so they are listed here.
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Gandaš Early Kassite rulers The early Kassite rulers are the sequence of eight, or possibly nine, names which appear on the Babylonian and Assyrian King Lists purporting to represent the first or ancestral monarchs of the dynasty that was to become the Kassite or 3rd Dynasty of Babylon which governed for 576 years, 9 months,... |
fl. ca. 1730 BC | |
| Agum I Early Kassite rulers The early Kassite rulers are the sequence of eight, or possibly nine, names which appear on the Babylonian and Assyrian King Lists purporting to represent the first or ancestral monarchs of the dynasty that was to become the Kassite or 3rd Dynasty of Babylon which governed for 576 years, 9 months,... |
Known as Maḫrû, "the first," or rabi, "the great." | |
| Kaštiliašu I Early Kassite rulers The early Kassite rulers are the sequence of eight, or possibly nine, names which appear on the Babylonian and Assyrian King Lists purporting to represent the first or ancestral monarchs of the dynasty that was to become the Kassite or 3rd Dynasty of Babylon which governed for 576 years, 9 months,... |
Son of Agum I *according to the Agum-Kakrime Inscription | |
| Abi-Rattaš Early Kassite rulers The early Kassite rulers are the sequence of eight, or possibly nine, names which appear on the Babylonian and Assyrian King Lists purporting to represent the first or ancestral monarchs of the dynasty that was to become the Kassite or 3rd Dynasty of Babylon which governed for 576 years, 9 months,... |
Son of Kaštiliašu I *; may occupy fifth place, then Ušši or Uššiašu may come here | |
| Kaštiliašu II Early Kassite rulers The early Kassite rulers are the sequence of eight, or possibly nine, names which appear on the Babylonian and Assyrian King Lists purporting to represent the first or ancestral monarchs of the dynasty that was to become the Kassite or 3rd Dynasty of Babylon which governed for 576 years, 9 months,... |
||
| Ur-zigurumaš Early Kassite rulers The early Kassite rulers are the sequence of eight, or possibly nine, names which appear on the Babylonian and Assyrian King Lists purporting to represent the first or ancestral monarchs of the dynasty that was to become the Kassite or 3rd Dynasty of Babylon which governed for 576 years, 9 months,... |
Descendant of Abi-Rattaš *; alternative reading Tazzigurumaš | |
| Ḫurbazum Early Kassite rulers The early Kassite rulers are the sequence of eight, or possibly nine, names which appear on the Babylonian and Assyrian King Lists purporting to represent the first or ancestral monarchs of the dynasty that was to become the Kassite or 3rd Dynasty of Babylon which governed for 576 years, 9 months,... |
Tell Muḥammed level 3, alternatively Ḫarba-Šipak/Šihu | |
| Šipta’ulzi Early Kassite rulers The early Kassite rulers are the sequence of eight, or possibly nine, names which appear on the Babylonian and Assyrian King Lists purporting to represent the first or ancestral monarchs of the dynasty that was to become the Kassite or 3rd Dynasty of Babylon which governed for 576 years, 9 months,... |
Tell Muḥammed level 2, alternatively Tiptakzi |
Kassite Dynasty (Third Dynasty of Babylon)
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Agum II Agum II Agum IIInscribed A-gu-um-ka-ak-ri-me in his eponymous inscription, elsewhere unattested. was possibly a Kassite ruler who may have become the 8th or more likely the 9th king of the third Babylonian dynasty sometime after Babylonia was defeated and sacked by the Hittite king Mursilis I in 1531 BC ,... or Agum-Kakrime |
ca. 1507 BC | |
| Burnaburiash I Burnaburiash I Burna-Buriyåš I, meaning servant of the Lord of the lands, was the first Kassite who really ruled over Babylonia, possibly the first to occupy the city of Babylon proper around 1510 BC, culminating a century of creeping encroachment by the Kassite tribes. He was the tenth king of the Babylonian... |
Treaty with Puzur-Ashur III Puzur-Ashur III Puzur-Ashur III was the king of Assyria from 1503 BC to 1479 BC. According to the Assyrian King List, he was the son and successor of Ashur-nirari I and ruled for 24 years. He is also the first Assyrian king to appear in the synchronistic history, where he is described as a contemporary of... of Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... |
|
| Kashtiliash III | ||
| Ulamburiash Ulamburiash Ulam Buriaš was a Kassite king of Sealand, which he conquered during the second half of 16th century BC and may have also become king of Babylon, possibly preceding or succeeding his brother, Kaštiliašu III.... |
Conquers the first Sealand dynasty | |
| Agum III Agum III Agum IIIInscribed mA-gu-um in the Chronicle of Early Kings. was a Kassite king of Babylon ca. mid 15th century BC. Speculatively, he might figure around the 13th position in the dynastic sequence, however, this part of the Kingslist AKingslist A, tablet BM 33332 in the British Museum... |
||
| Karaindash Karaindash Karaindaš was one of the more prominent rulers of the Kassite dynasty and reigned towards the end of the 15th century, BC. An inscription on a tablet detailing building work calls him “Mighty King, King of Babylonia, King of Sumer and Akkad, King of the Kassites, King of Karuduniaš”.Tablet A 3519,... |
Contemporary of Amenophis III of Egypt Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh... |
|
| Kadashman-harbe I Kadashman-harbe I Kadašman-Ḫarbe I was the sixteenth Kassite King of Babylon, and the kingdom contemporarily known as Kar-Duniaš, during the early fourteenth century, BCE.-His provenance:... |
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| Kurigalzu I Kurigalzu I Kurigalzu I , the seventeenth king of the Kassite dynasty that ruled over Babylon, was responsible for one of the most extensive and widespread building programs for which evidence has survived in Babylonia. The autobiography of Kurigalzu is one of the inscriptions which record that he was the son... |
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| Kadashman-Enlil I Kadashman-Enlil I Kadašman-Enlil ITypically rendered mka-dáš-man-dEN.LÍL in contemporary inscriptions. was a Kassite King of Babylon from ca. 1374 BC to 1360 BC , perhaps the 18th of the dynasty. He is known to have been a contemporary of Amenhotep III of Egypt, with whom he corresponded... |
ca. 1374–1360 BC | Contemporary of Amenophis III of the Egyptian Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh... Amarna letters Amarna letters The Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom... |
| Burnaburiash II | ca. 1359–1333 BC | Contemporary of Akhenaten Akhenaten Akhenaten also spelled Echnaton,Ikhnaton,and Khuenaten;meaning "living spirit of Aten") known before the fifth year of his reign as Amenhotep IV , was a Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt who ruled for 17 years and died perhaps in 1336 BC or 1334 BC... and Ashur-uballit I Ashur-uballit I Ashur-uballit I , was king of the Assyrian empire . His reign marks Assyria's independence from the kingdom of Mitanni, by defeating Shuttarna II; and the beginning of Assyria's emergence as a powerful empire... |
| Kara-hardash | ca. 1333 BC | Grandson of Ashur-uballit I Ashur-uballit I Ashur-uballit I , was king of the Assyrian empire . His reign marks Assyria's independence from the kingdom of Mitanni, by defeating Shuttarna II; and the beginning of Assyria's emergence as a powerful empire... of Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... |
| Nazi-Bugash or Shuzigash | ca. 1333 BC | Deposed by Ashur-uballit I Ashur-uballit I Ashur-uballit I , was king of the Assyrian empire . His reign marks Assyria's independence from the kingdom of Mitanni, by defeating Shuttarna II; and the beginning of Assyria's emergence as a powerful empire... of Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... |
| Kurigalzu II Kurigalzu II Kurigalzu II was the twenty second king of the Kassite dynasty that ruled over Babylon. In more than twelve inscriptions, Kurigalzu names Burna-Buriaš II as his father... |
ca. 1332–1308 BC | Son of Burnaburiash II, Fought Battle of Sugagi with Enlil-nirari Enlil-nirari Enlil-nirari was King of Assyria from 1330 BC to 1319 BC, or from 1317 BC to 1308 BC . He was the son of Aššur-uballiṭ I... of Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... |
| Nazi-Maruttash Nazi-Maruttash Nazi-Maruttaš, Maruttaš protects him, was a Kassite king of Babylon ca. 1307–1282 BC and self-proclaimed šar kiššati, or “King of the World”. He was the twenty third of the dynasty, the son and successor of Kurigalzu II and reigned for twenty six years... |
ca. 1307–1282 BC | Contemporary of Adad-nirari I Adad-nirari I Adad-nirari I was a king of Assyria. He is the earliest Assyrian king whose annals survive in any detail. Adad-nirari I achieved major military victories that significantly strengthened the Assyrian kingdom and enabled Assyria to start to play a major role in Mesopotamian politics... of Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... |
| Kadashman-Turgu Kadashman-Turgu Kadašman-Turgu, meaning he believes in Turgu, a Kassite deity, was the twenty-fourth king of the Kassite dynasty of Babylon. He succeeded his father, Nazi-Maruttaš, continuing the tradition of proclaiming himself lugal ki-šár-ra or “king of the world” and went on to reign for eighteen years... |
ca. 1281–1264 BC | Contemporary of Hattusili III Hattusili III Hattusili III was a king of the Hittite empire ca. 1267–1237 BC . He was the fourth and last son of Mursili II... of the Hittites Hittites The Hittites were a Bronze Age people of Anatolia.They established a kingdom centered at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia c. the 18th century BC. The Hittite empire reached its height c... |
| Kadashman-Enlil II Kadashman-Enlil II Kadašman-Enlil II was the twenty fifth king of the Kassite dynasty of Babylon.He succeeded Kadašman-Turgu as a child and political power was exercised at first by an influential vizier, Itti-Marduk-balatu, “whom the gods have caused to live far too long and in whose mouth unfavourable words never... |
ca. 1263–1255 BC | Contemporary of Hattusili III Hattusili III Hattusili III was a king of the Hittite empire ca. 1267–1237 BC . He was the fourth and last son of Mursili II... of the Hittites Hittites The Hittites were a Bronze Age people of Anatolia.They established a kingdom centered at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia c. the 18th century BC. The Hittite empire reached its height c... |
| Kudur-Enlil Kudur-Enlil Kudur-Enlil was the twenty sixth king of the Kassite dynasty of Babylon.-Biography:He succeeded Kadašman-Enlil II and was possibly the first Kassite king to have a wholly Babylonian name, or one containing an Elamite derived word, from kudurru, which might be middle Assyrian... |
ca. 1254–1246 BC | |
| Shagarakti-Shuriash Shagarakti-Shuriash Šagarakti-Šuriaš, Šuriaš gives me life, was the twenty seventh king of the Third or Kassite dynasty of Babylon and ascended the throne early in the month of Nisan... |
ca. 1245–1233 BC | Son of Kudur-Enlil |
| Kashtiliashu IV | ca. 1232–1225 BC | Deposed by Tukulti-Ninurta I Tukulti-Ninurta I Tukulti-Ninurta I was a king of Assyria.He succeeded Shalmaneser I, his father, as king and won a major victory against the Hittites at the Battle of Nihriya in the first half of his reign... of Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... |
| Enlil-nadin-shumi | ca. 1224 BC | Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... installed governor under Tukulti-Ninurta I Tukulti-Ninurta I Tukulti-Ninurta I was a king of Assyria.He succeeded Shalmaneser I, his father, as king and won a major victory against the Hittites at the Battle of Nihriya in the first half of his reign... |
| Kadashman-Harbe II | ca. 1223 BC | Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... installed governor under Tukulti-Ninurta I Tukulti-Ninurta I Tukulti-Ninurta I was a king of Assyria.He succeeded Shalmaneser I, his father, as king and won a major victory against the Hittites at the Battle of Nihriya in the first half of his reign... |
| Adad-shuma-iddina | ca. 1222–1217 BC | Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... installed governor under Tukulti-Ninurta I Tukulti-Ninurta I Tukulti-Ninurta I was a king of Assyria.He succeeded Shalmaneser I, his father, as king and won a major victory against the Hittites at the Battle of Nihriya in the first half of his reign... |
| Adad-shuma-usur Adad-shuma-usur Adad-šuma-uṣur, dated very tentatively ca. 1216—1187 BC , was the thirty second king of the Third or Kassite dynasty of Babylon and the country contemporarily known as Karduniaš... |
ca. 1216–1187 BC | Contemporary of Ashur-nirari III Ashur-nirari III Ashur-nirari III was king of Assyria . He was the grandson of Tukulti-Ninurta I and may have succeeded his uncle Ashur-nadin-apli on the throne. Ashur-nirari's father Ashur-nasir-pal participated in a conspiracy against Tukulti-Ninurta I which led to his murder... of Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... |
| Meli-Shipak II | ca. 1186–1172 BC | |
| Marduk-apla-iddina I | ca. 1171–1159 BC | |
| Zababa-shuma-iddin Zababa-shuma-iddin Zababa-šuma-iddina was the thirty-fifth and penultimate king of the Kassite dynasty of Babylon, who reigned for just one year, ca. 1158 BC... |
ca. 1158 BC | |
| Enlil-nadin-ahi Enlil-nadin-ahi Enlil-nādin-aḫe, or Enlil-šuma-uṣur depending on the reading of –MU-ŠEŠ, ca. 1157—1155 BC , was the thirty-sixth and final king of the Kassite dynasty that had ruled over Babylon and the land known as Karduniash since perhaps around 1500 BC.-Biography:Shutruk-Nahhunte, king of Elam, had overrun... |
ca. 1157–1155 BC | Deposed by Shutruk-Nahhunte of Elam Elam Elam was an ancient civilization located in what is now southwest Iran. Elam was centered in the far west and the southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of Khuzestan and Ilam Province, as well as a small part of southern Iraq... , ending the Kassite Kassite Kassite is a rare mineral with formula CaTi2O42. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system and forms radiating rosettes and pseudo-hexagonal tabular crystals which are commonly twinned. Crystals are brownish pink to pale yellow and are translucent with an adamantine luster... Dynasty |
Dynasty IV of Babylon, from IsinIsinIsin was an ancient city-state of lower Mesopotamia about 20 miles south of Nippur at the site of modern Ishan al-Bahriyat in Iraq's Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate.-History:...
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Marduk-kabit-ahheshu Marduk-kabit-ahheshu Marduk-kabit-aḫḫēšu, "Marduk is the most important among his brothers", ca. 1157–1140 BC, was the founder of the 2nd Dynasty of Isin, which was to rule Babylon until around 1025 BC. He apparently acceded in the aftermath of the Elamite overthrow of the Kassite Dynasty. His name and length of reign... |
ca. 1155–1146 BC | Founded first native Mesopotamian Dynasty in Babylon |
| Itti-Marduk-balatu Itti-Marduk-balatu (king) Itti-Marduk-balāṭu,Itti]-Marduk-balâṭu. “with Marduk life,” ca. 1140–1132 BC, was the 2nd king of the 2nd Dynasty of Isin that ruled over Babylon and son of its founder, Marduk-kabit-aḫḫēšu. He is thought to be the first of the dynasty actually to rule from the city of Babylon.-Biography:He... |
ca. 1146–1132 BC | |
| Ninurta-nadin-shumi | ca. 1132–1126 BC | |
| Nabu-kudurri-usur (Nebuchadnezzar I) | ca. 1126–1103 BC | Contemporary and rival of Ashur-resh-ishi I Ashur-resh-ishi I Ashur-resh-ishi I was King of Assyria from 1133 to 1115 BC. He succeeded his father, Mutakkil-Nusku, and was succeeded by his son Tiglath-Pileser I.... of Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur... |
| Enlil-nadin-apli Enlil-nadin-apli Enlil-Nadin-Apli was the king of Babylon from 1103 to 1100 BC. He is sometimes also called Enlil-Nadin-Ahhe. He was the son of Nebuchadnezzar I.... |
ca. 1103–1100 BC | Paid tribute to Tiglath-Pileser I Tiglath-Pileser I Tiglath-Pileser I was a king of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian period . According to Georges Roux, Tiglath-Pileser was "one of the two or three great Assyrian monarchs since the days of Shamshi-Adad I"... of Assyria |
| Marduk-nadin-ahhe Marduk-nadin-ahhe Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē,mdmar-duk-nādin-áḫḫēmeš ca. 1099-1082 BC, was the 6th king of the 2nd Dynasty of Isin and the 4th Dynasty of Babylon.Babylonian King List C, line 6... |
ca. 1100–1082 BC | Paid tribute to Tiglath-Pileser I Tiglath-Pileser I Tiglath-Pileser I was a king of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian period . According to Georges Roux, Tiglath-Pileser was "one of the two or three great Assyrian monarchs since the days of Shamshi-Adad I"... of Assyria |
| Marduk-shapik-zeri Marduk-shapik-zeri Marduk-šāpik-zēri,mdmar-duk-šá-pi-ik-zēri. ca. 1082–1069 BC, was the 7th king of the 2nd dynasty of Isin and 4th dynasty of Babylon and he ruled for 13 years.Babylonian King List C 7. His relationship with his predecessor, Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē is uncertain... |
ca. 1082–1069 BC | Paid tribute to Tiglath-Pileser I Tiglath-Pileser I Tiglath-Pileser I was a king of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian period . According to Georges Roux, Tiglath-Pileser was "one of the two or three great Assyrian monarchs since the days of Shamshi-Adad I"... of Assyria |
| Adad-apla-iddina Adad-apla-iddina Adad-apla-iddina,mdAdad-àpla-idinnana. meaning the storm god “Adad gave a son/heir”, was the 8th king of the 2nd Dynasty of Isin and the 4th Dynasty of Babylon and ruled 1067-1046 BC... |
ca. 1069–1046 BC | |
| Marduk-ahhe-eriba Marduk-ahhe-eriba Marduk-aḫḫē-erība, "Marduk has replaced the brothers,” ca. 1046 BC, ruled as 9th king of the 2nd Dynasty of Isin and the 4th Dynasty of Babylon, but only for around 6 months.The Kinglist A, iii 2 gives 1 year 6 months together with the beginning of his name, mdŠÚ-ŠEŠ- According to the Synchronistic... |
ca. 1046 BC | |
| Marduk-zer-X | ca. 1046–1033 BC | |
| Nabu-shum-libur Nabu-shum-libur Nabû-šuma-libūr, "O Nabû, may the son stay in good health," was the 11th and last king of the 2nd Dynasty of Isin, the 4th Dynasty of Babylon. He ruled during a period of instability due to incursions of Aramean nomadic tribesmen in Northwest Babylonia.-Biography:There is very little extant... |
ca. 1033–1025 BC | Deposed by Kassites Kassites The Kassites were an ancient Near Eastern people who gained control of Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire after ca. 1531 BC to ca. 1155 BC... ending native dynasty |
Dynasty V of Babylon
Known as the 2nd Sealand Dynasty, the evidence that this was a KassiteKassite
Kassite is a rare mineral with formula CaTi2O42. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system and forms radiating rosettes and pseudo-hexagonal tabular crystals which are commonly twinned. Crystals are brownish pink to pale yellow and are translucent with an adamantine luster...
Dynasty is rather tenuous.
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Simbar-shipak Simbar-shipak Simbar-Šipak, or more frequently Simbar-Šiḫu,Earlier readings render his name as Simmash-Shipak. ca.1025-1008 BC, founded the 2nd Dynasty of the Sealand, Babylon’s 6th Dynasty and conducted a program of restoration of a number of temples that had been destroyed earlier by the marauding Arameans and... |
ca. 1025–1008 BC | Deposed native dynasty, assassinated by his successor |
| Ea-mukin-zeri Ea-mukin-zeri Ea-mukin-zēri, mdé-a-mu-kin-zēri, son of Hašmar,Dynastic Chronicle v 5-6: E2-mu-kin-NUMUN LUGAL … ina ra-qa-ti ša2 E2Iḫaš-mar qi2-bir. was the 2nd king of the bῑt-Bazi or 5th Dynasty of Babylon, ca. 1008 BC, but only for 3 months.Babylonian King List A, iii 7.-Biography:His predecessor was... |
ca. 1008 BC | Usurper |
| Kashshu-nadin-ahi Kashshu-nadin-ahi Kaššu-nādin-aḫi, mkaš-šú-u-nādìn-aḫi.Babylonian King List A, BM 33332, iii 8. was the 3rd and final king of the 2nd Sealand Dynasty of Babylon, ca 1006-1004 BC... |
ca. 1008–1004 BC | Distressed times and famine |
Dynasty VI of Babylon
Known as the Bīt-Bazi Dynasty after the region from where this minor KassiteKassites
The Kassites were an ancient Near Eastern people who gained control of Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire after ca. 1531 BC to ca. 1155 BC...
clan drew its ancestry.
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Eulmash-shakin-shumi Eulmash-shakin-shumi Eulmaš-šākin-šumi, mÉ-ul-maš-šākin-šumi,Babylonian King List A, BM 33332, iii 10. ca. 1004 – 987 BC, was the founder of the 6th Dynasty of Babylon, known as the Bῑt-Bazi Dynasty, after the Kassite tribal group from which its leaders were drawn. The Dynastic ChronicleDynastic Chronicle v 9... |
ca. 1004 – 987 BC | Founded Bīt-Bazi dynasty |
| Ninurta-kudurri-usur | ca. 987 – 985 BC | |
| Shiriqti-shuqamunu | ca. 985 BC |
Dynasty VII of Babylon
This was an Elamite Dynasty.| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Mar-biti-apla-usur Mar-biti-apla-usur Mâr-bîti-apla-uṣur,Chronicle 24:16 dmār-a-bīti-[àp]la-úṣur. 983-978 BC, was the sole king of Babylon’s short-lived 7th or Elamite Dynasty.Babylonian Kinglist A, BM 33332, iii 14. According to the Synchronistic King List,Synchronistic King List iii 8 and fragments KAV 10 ii 2 + KAV 182 iii 5... |
ca. 985 – 979 BC | Elamite king who deposed the Arameans |
Dynasty VIII of Babylon
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Nabu-mukin-apli Nabû-mukin-apli Nabû-mukin-apli, 978-943 BC, founded Babylon’s 8th dynasty, the so-called Dynasty of E, and ruled for 36 years.Babylonian King List A, tablet BM 33332 iii 15. The Synchronistic Kings List records him as a contemporary of Assyrian king Tukultī-apil-Ešarra II.The Synchronistic Kings List A.117, KAV... |
ca. 979 – 943 BC | Native Babylonian dynasty |
Dynasty IX of Babylon
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Ninurta-kudurri-usur | ca. 943 BC | Founded new native Babylonian dynasty |
| Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina | ca. 943 – 920 BC | Contemporary of Ashur-Dan II Ashur-dan II Ashur-Dan II was a King of Assyria .-Biography:Ashur-Dan II succeeded his father, Tiglath-Pileser II. He was succeeded by his son Adad-nirari II.He reigned from 935 BC until his death in 912 BC.... of Assyria |
| Shamash-mudammiq | ca. 920 – 900 BC | lost territory to Adad-nirari II Adad-nirari II Adad-nirari II is generally considered to be the first King of Assyria in the Neo-Assyrian period. He firmly subjugated the areas previously under only nominal Assyrian vassalage, conquering and deporting troublesome Aramean, Neo-Hittite and Hurrian populations in the north to far-off places... of Assyria |
| Nabu-shuma-ukin | ca. 900 – 888 BC | lost territory to Adad-nirari II Adad-nirari II Adad-nirari II is generally considered to be the first King of Assyria in the Neo-Assyrian period. He firmly subjugated the areas previously under only nominal Assyrian vassalage, conquering and deporting troublesome Aramean, Neo-Hittite and Hurrian populations in the north to far-off places... of Assyria |
| Nabu-apla-iddina Nabu-apla-iddina Nabu-apla-iddina was a Babylonian king who reigned ca. 888 – 855 BC. His father was King Nabu-shuma-ukin. During much of Nabu-apla-iddina's reign Babylon faced a significant rival in Assyria under the rule of Ashurnasirpal II... |
ca. 888 – 855 BC | |
| Marduk-zakir-shumi I Marduk-zakir-shumi I Marduk-zakir-šumi I was a king of Dynasty IX of Babylon, from 855-819 BC. Marduk-zakir-šumi I is known to have made at least one kudurru boundary stone.... |
ca. 855 – 819 BC | Subjugated by Shalmaneser III Shalmaneser III Shalmaneser III was king of Assyria , and son of the previous ruler, Ashurnasirpal II.... of Assyria |
| Marduk-balassu-iqbi | ca. 819 – 813 BC | Subjugated by Shalmaneser III Shalmaneser III Shalmaneser III was king of Assyria , and son of the previous ruler, Ashurnasirpal II.... of Assyria |
| Baba-aha-iddina | ca. 813 – 811 BC | Subjugated by Adad-nirari III Adad-nirari III Adad-nirari III was King of Assyria from 811 to 783 BC. He was the son and successor of Shamshi-Adad V, and was apparently quite young at the time of his accession, because for the first five years of his reign his mother Shammuramat acted as regent, which may have given rise to the legend of... of Assyria |
| 5 kings | ca. 811 – 800 BC | Subjugated by Adad-nirari III Adad-nirari III Adad-nirari III was King of Assyria from 811 to 783 BC. He was the son and successor of Shamshi-Adad V, and was apparently quite young at the time of his accession, because for the first five years of his reign his mother Shammuramat acted as regent, which may have given rise to the legend of... of Assyria |
| Ninurta-apla-X | ca. 800 – 790 BC | Freed Babylonia from Assyrian influence |
| Marduk-bel-zeri | ca. 790 – 780 BC | |
| Marduk-apla-usur | ca. 780 – 769 BC | |
| Eriba-Marduk | ca. 769 – 761 BC | |
| Nabu-shuma-ishkun | ca. 761 – 748 BC | |
From this point on, the Babylonian chronology is securely known via Ptolemy's Canon of Kings Canon of Kings The Canon of Kings was a dated list of kings used by ancient astronomers as a convenient means to date astronomical phenomena, such as eclipses. The Canon was preserved by the astronomer Claudius Ptolemy, and is thus sometimes called Ptolemy's Canon. It is one of the most important bases for our... and other sources. |
||
| Nabu-nasir (Nabonassar Nabonassar Nabonassar founded a kingdom in Babylon in 747 BC. This is now considered as the start of the Neo-Babylonian Dynasty. At the time the Assyrian Empire was in disarray through civil war and the ascendancy of other kingdoms such as Urartu... ) |
748 – 734 BC | Subjugated by Tiglath-Pileser III Tiglath-Pileser III Tiglath-Pileser III was a prominent king of Assyria in the eighth century BC and is widely regarded as the founder of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Tiglath-Pileser III seized the Assyrian throne during a civil war and killed the royal family... of Assyria |
| Nabu-nadin-zeri Nabu-nadin-zeri Nabu-Nadin-Zeri was the King of Babylon briefly 733-732 BC. He was the son of Nabonassar and was killed during an uprising.... |
734 – 732 BC | |
| Nabu-suma-ukin II Nabu-suma-ukin II Nabu-Suma-Ukin II. was the King of Babylon briefly in 732 BC. He ascended the throne after the assassination of Nabu-nadin-zeri, but was deposed after a month of his reign by Nabu-mukin-zeri.... |
732 BC | |
Dynasty X of Babylon (AssyrianAssyrian-In antiquity:*ancient Assyria**the Old Assyrian period **the Middle Assyrian period **the Neo-Assyrian period *Either of two provinces of the Persian Empire:**Achaemenid Assyria...
)
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Nabu-mukin-zeri Nabu-mukin-zeri Nabu-mukin-zeri was the King of Babylon 732-729 BC. He was an Aramean chief who seized the throne. The Assyrians tried to bring the people to rebel against him, but they were unsuccessful. He was killed during the Assyrian siege of Babylon. .- Sources :*... |
732 – 729 BC | |
| Tiglath-Pileser III Tiglath-Pileser III Tiglath-Pileser III was a prominent king of Assyria in the eighth century BC and is widely regarded as the founder of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Tiglath-Pileser III seized the Assyrian throne during a civil war and killed the royal family... |
729 – 727 BC | Assyrian Assyrian -In antiquity:*ancient Assyria**the Old Assyrian period **the Middle Assyrian period **the Neo-Assyrian period *Either of two provinces of the Persian Empire:**Achaemenid Assyria... king |
| Shalmaneser V Shalmaneser V Shalmaneser V was king of Assyria from 727 to 722 BC. He first appears as governor of Zimirra in Phoenicia in the reign of his father, Tiglath-Pileser III.... |
727 – 722 BC | Assyrian Assyrian -In antiquity:*ancient Assyria**the Old Assyrian period **the Middle Assyrian period **the Neo-Assyrian period *Either of two provinces of the Persian Empire:**Achaemenid Assyria... king |
| Marduk-apla-iddina II | 722 – 710 BC | A Chaldean Chaldean Chaldean may refer to:* Historical Babylon, in particular in a Hellenistic context* Chaldea, "the Chaldees", Hellenistic designation for a part of Babylon... king, (the Biblical Bible The Bible refers to any one of the collections of the primary religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. There is no common version of the Bible, as the individual books , their contents and their order vary among denominations... Merodach-Baladan) |
| Sharrukin II (Sargon II Sargon II Sargon II was an Assyrian king. Sargon II became co-regent with Shalmaneser V in 722 BC, and became the sole ruler of the kingdom of Assyria in 722 BC after the death of Shalmaneser V. It is not clear whether he was the son of Tiglath-Pileser III or a usurper unrelated to the royal family... ) |
710 – 705 BC | Assyrian Assyrian -In antiquity:*ancient Assyria**the Old Assyrian period **the Middle Assyrian period **the Neo-Assyrian period *Either of two provinces of the Persian Empire:**Achaemenid Assyria... king |
| Sin-ahhe-eriba (Sennacherib Sennacherib Sennacherib |Sîn]] has replaced brothers for me"; Aramaic: ) was the son of Sargon II, whom he succeeded on the throne of Assyria .-Rise to power:... ) |
705 – 703 BC | Assyrian Assyrian -In antiquity:*ancient Assyria**the Old Assyrian period **the Middle Assyrian period **the Neo-Assyrian period *Either of two provinces of the Persian Empire:**Achaemenid Assyria... king |
| Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-zakir-shumi II was a Babylonian nobleman who served briefly as King of Babylon for a few months in 703 BC, following a revolt against the rule of the Assyrian king Sennacherib. He was soon overthrown and replaced by the former Chaldean king, Marduk-apal-iddina II.... |
703 BC | Assyrian vassal |
| Marduk-apla-iddina II | 703 BC | Chaldean Chaldean Chaldean may refer to:* Historical Babylon, in particular in a Hellenistic context* Chaldea, "the Chaldees", Hellenistic designation for a part of Babylon... ruler retook Babylon from Assyria during uprising |
| Bel-ibni Bel-ibni Bel-ibni was a Babylonian nobleman who served as King of Babylon for several years as the nominee of the Assyrian king Sennacherib.Sennacherib, believing that direct Assyrian rule was too costly, appointed Bel-ibni, a young Babylonian nobleman raised at the Assyrian court, King of Babylon in 703... |
703 – 700 BC | Assyrian vassal |
| Ashur-nadin-shumi Ashur-nadin-shumi Ashur-nadin-shumi was an ancient King of Babylon. The son of the Assyrian king Sennacherib, Ashur-nadin-shumi was installed by his father as King of Babylon in 700 BC. He reigned for six years, until he was murdered by the Elamites following their capture of the city in 694 BC.... |
700 – 694 BC | Assyrian king, son of Sennacherib Sennacherib Sennacherib |Sîn]] has replaced brothers for me"; Aramaic: ) was the son of Sargon II, whom he succeeded on the throne of Assyria .-Rise to power:... |
| Nergal-ushezib Nergal-ushezib Nergal-ushezib, originally Shuzub, was a Babylonian nobleman who was installed as King of Babylon by the Elamites in 694 BC, after their capture of Babylon and deposition and murder of the previous king Ashur-nadin-shumi, son of King Sennacherib of Assyria.Nergal-ushezib reigned as King for little... |
694 – 693 BC | Elimite ruler, murdered Ashur-nadin-shumi Ashur-nadin-shumi Ashur-nadin-shumi was an ancient King of Babylon. The son of the Assyrian king Sennacherib, Ashur-nadin-shumi was installed by his father as King of Babylon in 700 BC. He reigned for six years, until he was murdered by the Elamites following their capture of the city in 694 BC.... |
| Mushezib-Marduk Mushezib-Marduk Mushezib-Marduk , Chaldean prince chosen as King of Babylon after Nergal-ushezib.He led the Babylonian populace in revolt against Assyria and King Sennacherib in 689 BC, with the support of Elam and King Humban-nimena , at the Battle of Halule... |
693 – 689 BC | Elamite ruler |
Assyrian Sack of Babylon by Sennacherib Sennacherib Sennacherib |Sîn]] has replaced brothers for me"; Aramaic: ) was the son of Sargon II, whom he succeeded on the throne of Assyria .-Rise to power:... , 689 BC 680s BC -Events and trends:* 689 BC—King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon.* 687 BC—Gyges becomes king of Lydia.* 687 BC—Hezekiah succeeded by Manasseh as king of Judah.* 685 BC- Chalcedon became a Greek colony.... ; Babylon is rebuilt by Esarhaddon Esarhaddon Esarhaddon , was a king of Assyria who reigned 681 – 669 BC. He was the youngest son of Sennacherib and the Aramean queen Naqi'a , Sennacherib's second wife.... of Assyria in the 670s BC |
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| Sin-ahhe-eriba (Sennacherib Sennacherib Sennacherib |Sîn]] has replaced brothers for me"; Aramaic: ) was the son of Sargon II, whom he succeeded on the throne of Assyria .-Rise to power:... ) |
689 – 681 BC | Assyrian king, destroted Babylon |
| Ashur-ahha-iddina (Esarhaddon Esarhaddon Esarhaddon , was a king of Assyria who reigned 681 – 669 BC. He was the youngest son of Sennacherib and the Aramean queen Naqi'a , Sennacherib's second wife.... ) |
681 – 669 BC | Assyrian king, rebuilt Babylon |
| Shamash-shum-ukin Shamash-shum-ukin Shamash-shum-ukin was the Assyrian king of Babylon from 668-648 BC.He was the second son of the Assyrian King Esarhaddon. His elder brother, crown prince Sin-iddina-apla had died in 672, and in his stead the third son Ashurbanipal was invested as crown prince and later king of Assyria, while... |
668 – 648 BC | Assyrian king, son of Esarhaddon Esarhaddon Esarhaddon , was a king of Assyria who reigned 681 – 669 BC. He was the youngest son of Sennacherib and the Aramean queen Naqi'a , Sennacherib's second wife.... , rebelled against his brother, Ashurbanipal Ashurbanipal Ashurbanipal |Ashur]] is creator of an heir"; 685 BC – c. 627 BC), also spelled Assurbanipal or Ashshurbanipal, was an Assyrian king, the son of Esarhaddon and the last great king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire... and was killed. |
| Kandalanu Kandalanu - Territory :Kandalanu was king over Babylonia, with exception of the city Nippur. His reign began in 648 B.C. when he was appointed by his overlord King Ashurbanipal of Assyria after the latter had crushed the Babylonian rebellion by Kandalanu’s predecessor, Shamash-shum-ukin.- Identity :Because... |
648 – 627 BC | Assyrian governor under Ashurbanipal Ashurbanipal Ashurbanipal |Ashur]] is creator of an heir"; 685 BC – c. 627 BC), also spelled Assurbanipal or Ashshurbanipal, was an Assyrian king, the son of Esarhaddon and the last great king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire... , rumoured to have been Ashurbanipal himself, also governor under Ashur-etil-ilani Ashur-etil-ilani Ashur-etil-ilani was a king of Assyria . He succeeded his father Ashurbanipal.- Problems with source material :The reconstruction of the events occurring during Ashur-etil-ilani's rule has proven to be very difficult... of Assyria between 631 BC and 627 BC |
| Sin-shumu-lishir Sin-shumu-lishir Sin-shumu-lishir , was a usurper king of a part of the Assyrian empire during 626 BC. Little is known about this king due to the lack of sources covering this time.-Reign :... |
626 BC | Assyrian king, Ruled Babylon, but lost control over regions in Babylonia. |
| Sinsharishkun Sinsharishkun Sinsharishkun , who seems to have been the Saràkos of Berossus, was one of the last kings of the Assyrian empire.-Early years:... |
ca. 626 – 620 BC | Assyrian king. Lost control over Babylonia in 620 BC. |
Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian or ChaldeanChaldeanChaldean may refer to:* Historical Babylon, in particular in a Hellenistic context* Chaldea, "the Chaldees", Hellenistic designation for a part of Babylon...
Dynasty)
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Nabu-apla-usur (Nabopolassar Nabopolassar Nabopolassar was the king of the Babylonia and played a key role in the demise of the Assyrian Empire following the death of the last powerful Assyrian king, Ashurbanipal... ) |
626 – 605 BC | Chaldean Chaldean Chaldean may refer to:* Historical Babylon, in particular in a Hellenistic context* Chaldea, "the Chaldees", Hellenistic designation for a part of Babylon... king. Took control of Babylonia from Sinsharishkun Sinsharishkun Sinsharishkun , who seems to have been the Saràkos of Berossus, was one of the last kings of the Assyrian empire.-Early years:... of Assyria, ejected Assyrian armies from Babylonia in 616 BC. Entered into alliance with Cyaxares Cyaxares Cyaxares, Cyaxares the Great or Hvakhshathra , the son of King Phraortes, was the first king of Media. According to Herodotus, Cyaxares, grandson of Deioces, had a far greater military reputation than his father or grandfather, therefore he is often being described as the first official Median... and destroyed Assyrian empire. |
| Nabu-kudurri-usur (Nebuchadnezzar II) | 605 – 562 BC | Chaldean Chaldean Chaldean may refer to:* Historical Babylon, in particular in a Hellenistic context* Chaldea, "the Chaldees", Hellenistic designation for a part of Babylon... king. Defeated the Egyptians Egyptians Egyptians are nation an ethnic group made up of Mediterranean North Africans, the indigenous people of Egypt.Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography. The population of Egypt is concentrated in the lower Nile Valley, the small strip of cultivable land stretching from the First Cataract to... and Assyrians at Carchemish Carchemish Carchemish or Kargamış was an important ancient city of the Mitanni, Hittite and Neo Assyrian Empires, now on the frontier between Turkey and Syria. It was the location of an important battle between the Babylonians and Egyptians, mentioned in the Bible... |
| Amel-Marduk Amel-Marduk Amel-Marduk Amel-Marduk Amel-Marduk (Akk.: Amēl-Marduk, 'man of Marduk' (died 560 BC) was the son and successor of Nebuchadrezzar, king of Babylon. He reigned only two years, 562 - 560 BC.- Biography :... |
562 – 560 BC | |
| Nergal-shar-usur Neriglissar Nergal-sharezer or Neriglissar was King of Babylon from 560 to 556 BC. He was the son-in-law of Nebuchadrezzar II, whose son and heir, Amel-Marduk, Nergal-sharezer murdered and succeeded. A Babylonian chronicle describes his western war in 557/556... (Nergal-sharezer/Neriglissar) |
560 – 556 BC | |
| Labashi-Marduk Labashi-Marduk Labashi-Marduk, was king of Babylon , and son of Neriglissar. Labashi-Marduk succeeded his father when still only a boy, after the latter's four-year reign. Most likely due to his very young age, he was unfit to rule, and was murdered in a conspiracy only nine months after his inauguration... |
556 BC | |
| Nabu-na'id (Nabonidus Nabonidus Nabonidus was the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, reigning from 556-539 BCE.-Historiography on Nabonidus:... ) |
556 – 539 BC | Last Mesopotamian king of Babylon, originated in Harran Harran Harran was a major ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia whose site is near the modern village of Altınbaşak, Turkey, 24 miles southeast of Şanlıurfa... in Assyria. Was not a Chaldean, often left rule to his son Belshazzar Belshazzar Belshazzar, or Balthazar , was a 6th century BC prince of Babylon, the son of Nabonidus and the last king of Babylon according to the Book of Daniel . Like his father, it is believed by many scholars that he was an Assyrian. In Daniel Belshazzar, or Balthazar , was a 6th century BC prince of... . |
| Cyrus II of Persia | 539 – 529 BC |
Achaemenid Babylonia
In 539 BC, Babylon was captured by Cyrus II of PersiaCyrus the Great
Cyrus II of Persia , commonly known as Cyrus the Great, also known as Cyrus the Elder, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire. Under his rule, the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East, expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of Southwest Asia and much...
. His son was crowned one year later formally as King of Babylonia
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Cambyses II | 529 – 522 BC | son of Cyrus the Great |
| Smerdis (Bardiya) | 522 BC | (Possibly a usurper) alleged son of Cyrus the Great |
| Darius I of Persia Darius I of Persia Darius I , also known as Darius the Great, was the third king of kings of the Achaemenid Empire... the Great |
521 – 486 BC | brother-in-law of Smerdis and grandson of Arsames |
| Xerxes I of Persia Xerxes I of Persia Xerxes I of Persia , Ḫšayāršā, ), also known as Xerxes the Great, was the fifth king of kings of the Achaemenid Empire.-Youth and rise to power:... |
485 – 465 BC | son of Darius I |
| Artaxerxes I of Persia Artaxerxes I of Persia Artaxerxes I was the sixth king of kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 465 BCE to 424 BCE. He was the son of Xerxes I of Persia and Amestris, daughter of Otanes.*Artaxerxes I was the sixth king of kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 465 BCE to 424 BCE. He was the son of Xerxes I of Persia and... Longimanus |
465 – 424 BC | son of Xerxes I |
| Xerxes II of Persia Xerxes II of Persia Xerxes II was a Persian king and the son and successor of Artaxerxes I. After a reign of forty-five days, he was assassinated in 424 BC by his brother Sogdianus, who in turn was murdered by Darius II. He is an obscure historical figure known primarily from the writings of Ctesias. He was... |
424 BC | son of Artaxerxes I |
| Sogdianus of Persia Sogdianus of Persia Sogdianus , died 423 BC, king of Persia . He was an obscure historical figure known primarily from the writings of Ctesias. He was reportedly an illegitimate son of Artaxerxes I by his concubine Alogyne of Babylon.... |
424 – 423 BC | half-brother and rival of Xerxes II |
| Darius II of Persia Darius II of Persia Darius II , was king of the Persian Empire from 423 BC to 405 BC.Artaxerxes I, who died on December 25, 424 BC, was followed by his son Xerxes II. After a month and a half Xerxes II was murdered by his brother Secydianus or Sogdianus... Nothus |
423 – 405 BC | half-brother and rival of Xerxes II |
| Artaxerxes II of Persia Artaxerxes II of Persia Artaxerxes II Mnemon was king of Persia from 404 BC until his death. He was a son of Darius II of Persia and Parysatis.-Reign:... Mnemon |
404 – 359 BC | (see also Xenophon Xenophon Xenophon , son of Gryllus, of the deme Erchia of Athens, also known as Xenophon of Athens, was a Greek historian, soldier, mercenary, philosopher and a contemporary and admirer of Socrates... ) son of Darius II |
| Artaxerxes III of Persia Artaxerxes III of Persia Artaxerxes III of Persia , was the Great King of Persia and the eleventh Emperor of the Achaemenid Empire, as well as the first Pharaoh of the 31st dynasty of Egypt. He was the son and successor of Artaxerxes II and was succeeded by his son, Arses of Persia... Ochus |
358 – 338 BC | son of Artaxerxes II |
| Arses of Persia Arses of Persia Artaxerxes IV Arses was king of Persia between 338 BC and 336 BC. He was the youngest son of King Artaxerxes III and Atossa and was not expected to succeed to the throne of Persia... (Artaxerxes IV) |
338 – 336 BC | son of Artaxerxes III |
| Darius III of Persia Darius III of Persia Darius III , also known by his given name of Codomannus, was the last king of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia from 336 BC to 330 BC.... Codomannus |
336 – 330 BC | great-grandson of Darius II |
Seleucid Babylonia
Babylon was captured by Alexander III of Macedon in 330 BC. It was captured by the Parthians in 141 BC141 BC
Year 141 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caepio and Pompeius...
.
| Ruler | Reigned | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Alexander the Great | 330 – 323 BC | |
| Alexander IV of Macedon Alexander IV of Macedon Alexander IV Aegus was the son of Alexander the Great and Princess Roxana of Bactria.-Birth:... |
323 – 309 BC | |
| Seleucus I Nicator Seleucus I Nicator Seleucus I was a Macedonian officer of Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi. In the Wars of the Diadochi that took place after Alexander's death, Seleucus established the Seleucid dynasty and the Seleucid Empire... |
Satrap Satrap Satrap was the name given to the governors of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid Empires and in several of their successors, such as the Sassanid Empire and the Hellenistic empires.... 311 – 305 BC, King 305 – 281 BC |
|
| Antiochus I Soter Antiochus I Soter Antiochus I Soter , was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. He reigned from 281 BC - 261 BC.... |
co-ruler from 291, ruled 281 – 261 BC | |
| Antiochus II Theos Antiochus II Theos Antiochus II Theos was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom who reigned 261 BC – 246 BC). He succeeded his father Antiochus I Soter in the winter of 262–61 BC... |
261 – 246 BC | |
| Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus II Callinicus or Pogon , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, who reigned from 246 to 225 BC... |
246 – 225 BC | |
| Seleucus III Ceraunus Seleucus III Ceraunus Seleucus III Soter, called Seleucus Ceraunus , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom, the eldest son of Seleucus II Callinicus and Laodice II. His birth name was Alexander and was named after his great uncle the Seleucid official Alexander... (or Soter) |
225 – 223 BC | |
| Antiochus III the Great Antiochus III the Great Antiochus III the Great Seleucid Greek king who became the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire as a youth of about eighteen in 223 BC. Antiochus was an ambitious ruler who ruled over Greater Syria and western Asia towards the end of the 3rd century BC... |
223 – 187 BC | |
| Seleucus IV Philopator Seleucus IV Philopator Seleucus IV Philopator , ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, reigned from 187 BC to 175 BC over a realm consisting of Syria , Mesopotamia, Babylonia and Nearer Iran . He was the second son and successor of Antiochus III the Great and Laodice III... |
187 – 175 BC | |
| Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus IV Epiphanes ruled the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. He was a son of King Antiochus III the Great. His original name was Mithridates; he assumed the name Antiochus after he ascended the throne.... |
175 – 164 BC | |
| Antiochus V Eupator | 164 – 162 BC | |
| Demetrius I Soter Demetrius I Soter Demetrius I , surnamed Soter , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire.... |
161 – 150 BC | |
| Alexander I Balas Alexander Balas Alexander Balas , ruler of the Greek Seleucid kingdom 150-146 BC, was a native of Smyrna of humble origin, but gave himself out to be the son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Laodice IV and heir to the Seleucid throne... |
150 – 145 BC | |
| Demetrius II Nicator Demetrius II Nicator For the similarly named Macedonian ruler, see Demetrius II of Macedon. For the Macedonian prince, see Demetrius the Fair.Demetrius II , called Nicator , was one of the sons of Demetrius I Soter, brother of Antiochus VII Sidetes and his mother could have been Laodice V... |
first reign, 145 – 141 BC | |
See also
- List of Assyrian kings
- List of Mesopotamian dynasties
- Sumerian King ListSumerian king listThe Sumerian King List is an ancient manuscript originally recorded in the Sumerian language, listing kings of Sumer from Sumerian and neighboring dynasties, their supposed reign lengths, and the locations of "official" kingship...