List of human nerves
Encyclopedia
The following is a list of nerves in the human body:
- Accessory nerveAccessory nerveIn anatomy, the accessory nerve is a nerve that controls specific muscles of the shoulder and neck. As part of it was formerly believed to originate in the brain, it is considered a cranial nerve...
- Accessory obturator nerveAccessory obturator nerveIn human anatomy, the accessory obturator nerve is an accessory nerve in the lumbar region present in about 29% of cases.It is of small size, and arises from the ventral divisions of the third and fourth lumbar nerves...
- Alderman's nerveAlderman's nerveThe auricular branch of the vagus nerve is often termed the Alderman's nerve or Arnold's nerve. The latter name is an eponym for Friedrich Arnold.-Path:...
- Anococcygeal nerveAnococcygeal nerveThe anococcygeal nerve is a nerve in the pelvis which provides sensory innervation to the skin over the coccyx.-Structure:The anococcygeal nerve arises from a small plexus known as the coccygeal plexus...
- Ansa cervicalisAnsa cervicalisThe ansa cervicalis is a loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus. It lies superficial to the internal jugular vein in the carotid sheath....
- Anterior interosseous nerveAnterior interosseous nerveThe anterior interosseous nerve is a branch of the median nerve that supplies the deep muscles on the front of the forearm, except the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus....
- Anterior superior alveolar nerveAnterior superior alveolar nerveThe anterior superior alveolar branch , of considerable size, is given off from the maxillary nerve just before its exit from the infraorbital foramen; it descends in a canal in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, and divides into branches which supply the incisor and canine teeth.It...
- Aortic plexusAortic plexusThe abdominal aortic plexus is formed by branches derived, on either side, from the celiac plexus and ganglia, and receives filaments from some of the lumbar ganglia....
- Auerbach's plexusAuerbach's plexusA part of the enteric nervous system, Auerbach's plexus , exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscularis externa in the gastrointestinal tract and provides motor innervation to both layers of the mucosa, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input, whereas Meissner's plexus...
- Auriculotemporal nerveAuriculotemporal nerveThe auriculotemporal nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve that runs with the superficial temporal artery and vein, and provides sensory innervation to various regions on the side of the head.-Origin:...
- Axillary nerveAxillary nerveThe axillary nerve or the circumflex nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6...
- Brachial plexusBrachial plexusThe brachial plexus is a network of nerve fibers, running from the spine, formed by the ventral rami of the lower four cervical and first thoracic nerve roots...
- Buccal branch of the facial nerveBuccal branch of the facial nerveThe Buccal Branches of the facial nerve , of larger size than the rest of the branches, pass horizontally forward to be distributed below the orbit and around the mouth.-Branches:...
- Buccal nerveBuccal nerveThe buccal nerve is a nerve in the face. It is a branch of the mandibular nerve and transmits sensory information from skin over the buccal membrane and from the second and third molar teeth.-Course:It courses between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle, underneath...
- Cardiac plexusCardiac plexusThe cardiac plexus is a plexus of nerves situated at the base of the heart that innervates the heart.-Structure:The cardiac plexus is divided into a superficial part, which lies in the concavity of the aortic arch, and a deep part, between the aortic arch and the trachea.The two parts are, however,...
- Cavernous plexusCavernous plexusThe cavernous nerve plexus is situated below and medial to that part of the internal carotid artery which is placed by the side of the sella turcica in the cavernous sinus, and is formed chiefly by the medial division of the internal carotid nerve....
- Celiac gangliaCeliac gangliaThe celiac ganglia or coeliac ganglia are two large irregularly shaped masses of nerve tissue in the upper abdomen. Part of the sympathetic subdivision of the autonomic nervous system , the two celiac ganglia are the largest ganglia in the ANS, and they innervate most of the digestive tract.They...
- Cervical branch of the facial nerveCervical branch of the facial nerveThe cervical branch of the facial nerve runs forward beneath the Platysma, and forms a series of arches across the side of the neck over the suprahyoid region....
- Cervical plexusCervical plexusThe cervical plexus is a plexus of the ventral rami of the first four cervical spinal nerves which are located from C1 to C4 cervical segment in the neck. They are located laterally to the transverse processes between prevertebral muscles from the medial side and vertebral from lateral side...
- Chorda tympaniChorda tympaniThe chorda tympani is a nerve that branches from the facial nerve inside the facial canal, just before the facial nerve exits the skull via the Stylomastoid foramen...
- Ciliary ganglionCiliary ganglionThe ciliary ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion located in the posterior orbit. It measures 1–2 millimeters in diameter and contains approximately 2,500 neurons. Preganglionic axons from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus travel along the oculomotor nerve and form synapses with these cells...
- Coccygeal nerveCoccygeal nerve-Structure:The coccygeal nerve is the 31st spinal nerve. It arises from the sacral plexus, and its ventral ramus helps form the coccygeal plexus. It does not divide into a medial and lateral branch...
- Cochlear nerveCochlear nerveThe cochlear nerve is a nerve in the head that carries signals from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain...
- Common fibular nerveCommon fibular nerveThe common fibular nerve , about one-half the size of the tibial nerve, is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves.It descends obliquely along the lateral side of the popliteal fossa to the head of the fibula,...
- Common palmar digital nerves of median nerveCommon palmar digital nerves of median nerveIn the palm of the hand the median nerve is covered by the skin and the palmar aponeurosis, and rests on the tendons of the Flexor muscles. Immediately after emerging from under the transverse carpal ligament the median nerve becomes enlarged and flattened and splits into a smaller, lateral, and a...
- Deep branch of the radial nerveDeep branch of the radial nerveThe deep branch of the radial nerve winds to the back of the forearm around the lateral side of the radius between the two planes of fibers of the Supinator, and is prolonged downward between the superficial and deep layers of muscles, to the middle of the forearm.Considerably diminished in size,...
- Deep fibular nerveDeep fibular nerveThe deep fibular nerve begins at the bifurcation of the common fibular nerve, between the fibula and upper part of the fibularis longus, passes infero-medially, deep to extensor digitorum longus, to the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane, and comes into relation with the anterior...
- Deep petrosal nerveDeep petrosal nerveThe deep petrosal nerve is given off from the carotid plexus, and runs through the carotid canal lateral to the internal carotid artery....
- Deep temporal nervesDeep temporal nervesThe deep temporal nerves, branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, are two in number, anterior and posterior. They pass above the upper border of the pterygoideus externus and enter the deep surface of the temporalis.-Branches:...
- Diagonal band of BrocaDiagonal band of BrocaThe diagonal band of Broca forms the medial margin of the anterior perforated substance.-Contents:It consists of fibers that are said to arise in the parolfactory area, the gyrus subcallosus and the anterior perforated substance, and course backward in the longitudinal striae to the dentate gyrus...
- Digastric branch of facial nerveDigastric branch of facial nerveThe digastric branch of facial nerve arises close to the stylomastoid foramen, and divides into several filaments, which supply the posterior belly of the Digastricus; one of these filaments joins the glossopharyngeal nerve.-External links:...
- Dorsal branch of ulnar nerveDorsal branch of ulnar nerveThe dorsal branch of ulnar nerve arises about 5 cm. proximal to the wrist; it passes backward beneath the Flexor carpi ulnaris, perforates the deep fascia, and, running along the ulnar side of the back of the wrist and hand, divides into two dorsal digital branches; one supplies the ulnar side of...
- Dorsal nerve of clitorisDorsal nerve of clitorisThe dorsal nerve of the clitoris is a nerve in females that branches off the pudendal nerve to innervate the clitoris.-Structure:The dorsal nerve of the clitoris is analogous to the dorsal nerve of the penis in males...
- Dorsal nerve of the penisDorsal nerve of the penisThe dorsal nerve of the penis is the deepest division of the pudendal nerve; it accompanies the internal pudendal artery along the ramus of the ischium; it then runs forward along the margin of the inferior ramus of the pubis, between the superior and inferior layers of the fascia of the...
- Dorsal scapular nerveDorsal scapular nerveThe dorsal scapular nerve arises from the brachial plexus, usually from the plexus root of C5.It provides motor innervation to the rhomboid muscles, which pull the scapula towards the spine and levator scapulae muscle, which elevates the scapula....
- Esophageal plexusEsophageal plexusThe esophageal plexus is formed by fibers from two sources: 1.branches of the vagus nerve 2.visceral branches of the sympathetic trunk. The esophageal plexus and the cardiac plexus contain the same types of fibers and are both considered thoracic autonomic plexus.-Parasympathetic Fibers:1. The...
- Ethmoidal nervesEthmoidal nervesThe ethmoidal nerves, which arise from the nasociliary nerve, supply the ethmoidal cells; the posterior branch leaves the orbital cavity through the posterior ethmoidal foramen and gives some filaments to the sphenoidal sinus. There are two ethmoidal nerves on each side of the face:* posterior...
- External laryngeal nerveExternal laryngeal nerveThe external laryngeal nerve is the smaller, external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. It descends on the larynx, beneath the sternothyroid muscle, to supply the cricothyroid muscle....
- External nasal nerveExternal nasal nerveThe external nasal branches are terminal branches of the anterior ethmoidal nerves , and provide sensory innervation to the skin of the side of the nose and of the septum mobile nasi....
- Facial nerveFacial nerveThe facial nerve is the seventh of twelve paired cranial nerves. It emerges from the brainstem between the pons and the medulla, and controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and oral cavity...
- Femoral nerveFemoral nerveThe femoral nerve, the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, arises from the dorsal divisions of the ventral rami of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves...
- Frontal nerveFrontal nerveThe frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic nerve, and may be regarded, both from its size and direction, as the continuation of the nerve....
- Gastric plexusesGastric plexusesThe superior gastric plexus accompanies the left gastric artery along the lesser curvature of the stomach, and joins with branches from the left vagus....
- Geniculate ganglionGeniculate ganglionThe geniculate ganglion is an L-shaped collection of fibers and sensory neurons of the facial nerve located in the facial canal of the head...
- Genital branch of genitofemoral nerveGenital branch of genitofemoral nerveThe genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve arises from the ventral primary divisions of L1 and L2 spinal nerve roots, passes outward on the Psoas major, and pierces the fascia transversalis, or passes through the deep inguinal ring; it then descends behind the spermatic cord to the scrotum,...
- Genitofemoral nerveGenitofemoral nerveIn human anatomy, the genitofemoral nerve originates from the upper part of the lumbar plexus of spinal nerves. Its roots are L1 and L2 .The genitofemoral nerve is responsible for both the efferent and afferent limbs of the cremasteric reflex...
- Glossopharyngeal nerveGlossopharyngeal nerveThe glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth of twelve pairs of cranial nerves . It exits the brainstem out from the sides of the upper medulla, just rostral to the vagus nerve...
- Greater auricular nerveGreater auricular nerveThe great auricular nerve originates from the cervical plexus, composed of branches of spinal nerves C2 and C3. It provides sensory innervation for the skin over parotid gland and mastoid process, and both surfaces of the outer ear.-Terminology:...
- Greater occipital nerveGreater occipital nerveThe greater occipital nerve is a spinal nerve, specifically the medial branch of the dorsal primary ramus of cervical spinal nerve 2. This nerve arises from between the first and second cervical vertebrae, along with the lesser occipital nerve. It ascends after emerging from the suboccipital...
- Greater petrosal nerve
- Hepatic plexusHepatic plexusThe hepatic plexus, the largest offset from the celiac plexus, receives filaments from the left vagus and right phrenic nerves.It accompanies the hepatic artery, ramifying upon its branches, and upon those of the portal vein in the substance of the liver....
- Hypoglossal nerveHypoglossal nerveThe hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve , leading to the tongue. The nerve arises from the hypoglossal nucleus and emerges from the medulla oblongata in the preolivary sulcus separating the olive and the pyramid. It then passes through the hypoglossal canal...
- Iliohypogastric nerveIliohypogastric nerveThe iliohypogastric nerve is the superior branch of the anterior ramus of spinal nerve L1 after this nerve receives fibers from T12 . The inferior branch is the ilioinguinal nerve....
- Ilioinguinal nerveIlioinguinal nerveThe ilioinguinal nerve is a branch of the first lumbar nerve . It separates from the first lumbar nerve along with the larger iliohypogastric nerve....
- Inferior alveolar nerveInferior alveolar nerveThe inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve, which is itself the third branch of the trigeminal nerve .-Path:...
- Inferior anal nervesInferior anal nervesThe Inferior rectal nerves usually branch from the pudendal nerve but occasionally arises directly from the sacral plexus; they cross the ischiorectal fossa along with the inferior hemorrhoidal vessels, toward the anal canal and the lower end of the rectum, and is distributed to the Sphincter ani...
- Inferior cardiac nerveInferior cardiac nerveThe inferior cardiac nerve arises from either the inferior cervical or the first thoracic ganglion.It descends behind the subclavian artery and along the front of the trachea, to join the deep part of the cardiac plexus....
- Inferior cervical ganglionInferior cervical ganglionThe inferior cervical ganglion is situated between the base of the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra and the neck of the first rib, on the medial side of the costocervical artery....
- Inferior gluteal nerveInferior gluteal nerveThe inferior gluteal nerve is a nerve in the pelvis that innervates the gluteus maximus muscle.-Structure:The inferior gluteal nerve originates in the sacral plexus...
- Inferior hypogastric plexusInferior hypogastric plexusThe inferior hypogastric plexus is a plexus of nerves that supplies the viscera of the pelvic cavity.The inferior hypogastric plexus is a paired structure, with each situated on the side of the rectum in the male, and at the sides of the rectum and vagina in the female.-Sources:Contributions to...
- Inferior mesenteric plexusInferior mesenteric plexusThe inferior mesenteric plexus is derived chiefly from the aortic plexus.It surrounds the inferior mesenteric artery, and divides into a number of secondary plexuses, which are distributed to all the parts supplied by the artery, viz., the left colic and sigmoid plexuses, which supply the...
- Inferior palpebral nerveInferior palpebral nerveThe Inferior Palpebral Branches ascend behind the Orbicularis oculi.They supply the skin and conjunctiva of the lower eyelid, joining at the lateral angle of the orbit with the facial and zygomaticofacial nerves....
- Infraorbital nerveInfraorbital nerveAfter the maxillary nerve enters the infraorbital canal, the nerve is frequently called the infraorbital nerve. This nerve innervates the lower eyelid, upper lip, and part of the nasal vestibule and exits the infraorbital foramen of the maxilla.-See also:...
- Infraorbital plexusInfraorbital plexusThe superior labial branches descend behind the Quadratus labii superioris, and are distributed to the skin of the upper lip, the mucous membrane of the mouth, and labial glands. They are joined, immediately beneath the orbit, by filaments from the facial nerve, forming with them the infraorbital...
- Infratrochlear nerveInfratrochlear nerveThe infratrochlear nerve is given off from the nasociliary just before it enters the anterior ethmoidal foramen.It runs forward along the upper border of the medial rectus, and is joined, near the pulley of the superior oblique, by a filament from the supratrochlear nerve.It then passes to the...
- Intercostal nervesIntercostal nervesThe intercostal nerves are the anterior divisions of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11.Each nerve is connected with the adjoining ganglion of the sympathetic trunk by a gray and a white ramus communicans...
- Intercostobrachial nerveIntercostobrachial nerve-Second intercostal nerve:The lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve does not divide, like the others, into an anterior and a posterior branch; it is named the intercostobrachial nerve. It pierces the Intercostalis externus and the Serratus anterior, crosses the axilla to the...
- Intermediate cutaneous nerve
- Internal carotid plexusInternal carotid plexusThe internal carotid plexus is situated on the lateral side of the internal carotid artery, and in the plexus there occasionally exists a small gangliform swelling, the carotid ganglion, on the under surface of the artery....
- Internal laryngeal nerveInternal laryngeal nerveThe internal laryngeal nerve is the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. It descends to the thyrohyoid membrane, pierces it in company with the superior laryngeal artery, and is distributed to the mucous membrane of the larynx....
- Jugular ganglionJugular ganglionThe vagus presents a well-marked ganglionic enlargement, which is called the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve. It contains afferent somatosensory neuronal cell bodies that provide sensory information from the external auditory meatus , cranial meninges , and the external surface of the tympanic...
- Lacrimal nerveLacrimal nerveThe lacrimal nerve is the smallest of the three branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.It sometimes receives a filament from the trochlear nerve, but this is possibly derived from the branch that goes from the ophthalmic to the trochlear nerve.It passes forward in a separate...
- Lateral cordLateral cordThe Lateral cord is a division of the brachial plexus.The lateral cord gives rise to the following nerves:*The lateral pectoral nerve, C5, C6 and C7 to the pectoralis major muscle*The musculocutaneous nerve which innervates the biceps muscle...
- Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearmLateral cutaneous nerve of forearmThe lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve passes behind the cephalic vein, and divides, opposite the elbow-joint, into a volar and a dorsal branch.-Volar branch:The volar branch descends along the radial border of the forearm to the...
- Lateral cutaneous nerve of thighLateral cutaneous nerve of thighThe lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is a cutaneous nerve that innervates the skin on the lateral part of the thigh.-Structure:...
- Lateral pectoral nerveLateral pectoral nerveThe lateral pectoral nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, and through it from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves....
- Lateral plantar nerveLateral plantar nerveThe lateral plantar nerve is a branch of the tibial nerve, in turn a branch of the sciatic nerve and supplies the skin of the fifth toe and lateral half of the fourth, as well as most of the deep muscles, its distribution being similar to that of the ulnar nerve in the hand.It passes obliquely...
- Lateral pterygoid nerve
- Lesser occipital nerveLesser occipital nerveThe lesser occipital nerve or small occipital nerve is a cutaneous spinal nerve arising between the second and third cervical vertebrae, along with the greater occipital nerve...
- Lingual nerveLingual nerveThe lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve , itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensory innervation to the tongue...
- Long ciliary nervesLong ciliary nervesThe long ciliary nerves, two or three in number, are given off from the nasociliary, as it crosses the optic nerve.They accompany the short ciliary nerves from the ciliary ganglion, pierce the posterior part of the sclera, and running forward between it and the choroid, are distributed to the iris...
- Long root of the ciliary ganglion
- Long thoracic nerveLong thoracic nerveThe long thoracic nerve supplies the Serratus anterior. This nerve characteristically arises by three roots from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves but the root from C7 may be absent...
- Lower subscapular nerveLower subscapular nerveThe lower subscapular nerve is a nerve that supplies the lower part of the subscapularis muscle, and also supplies the teres major muscle....
- Lumbar nervesLumbar nervesThe lumbar nerves are the five spinal nerves emerging from the lumbar vertebrae. They are divided into posterior and anterior divisions.-Posterior divisions:...
- Lumbar plexus
- Lumbar splanchnic nervesLumbar splanchnic nervesThe lumbar splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk and travel to an adjacent plexus near the aorta...
- Lumboinguinal nerveLumboinguinal nerveThe lumboinguinal nerve descends on the external iliac artery, sending a few filaments around it, and, passing beneath the inguinal ligament, enters the sheath of the femoral vessels, lying superficial and lateral to the femoral artery.It pierces the anterior layer of the sheath of the vessels and...
- Lumbosacral plexusLumbosacral plexusThe anterior divisions of the lumbar nerves, sacral nerves, and coccygeal nerve form the lumbosacral plexus, the first lumbar nerve being frequently joined by a branch from the twelfth thoracic. For descriptive purposes this plexus is usually divided into three parts:* lumbar plexus* sacral plexus*...
- Lumbosacral trunkLumbosacral trunkThe lumbosacral trunk is nervous tissue that connects the lumbar plexus with the sacral plexus.-Structure:The lumbosacral trunk comprises the whole of the anterior division of the fifth and a part of that of the fourth lumbar nerve; it appears at the medial margin of the psoas major and runs...
- Mandibular nerveMandibular nerveThe mandibular nerve is the largest of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve.-Roots:It is made up of two roots:* a large sensory root proceeding from the inferior angle of the trigeminal ganglion....
- Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerveMarginal mandibular branch of facial nerveThe marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve passes forward beneath the Platysma and Triangularis, supplying the muscles of the lower lip and chin, and communicating with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar nerve.-Muscles innervated :...
- Masseteric nerveMasseteric nerveThe masseteric nerve passes laterally, above the Pterygoideus externus, in front of the temporomandibular articulation, and behind the tendon of the Temporalis; it crosses the mandibular notch with the masseteric artery, to the deep surface of the Masseter, in which it ramifies nearly as far as its...
- Maxillary nerve
- Medial cordMedial cordThe Medial cord is a division of the brachial plexus.The medial cord gives rise to the following nerves:*The median pectoral nerve, C8 and T1, to the pectoralis muscle*The medial brachial cutaneous nerve, T1...
- Medial cutaneous nerve of armMedial cutaneous nerve of armThe medial brachial cutaneous nerve is distributed to the skin on the medial brachial side of the arm.-Anatomy:...
- Medial cutaneous nerve of forearmMedial cutaneous nerve of forearmThe Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus....
- Medial cutaneous nerve
- Medial pectoral nerveMedial pectoral nerveThe medial pectoral nerve arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus and through it from the eighth cervical and first thoracic....
- Medial plantar nerveMedial plantar nerveThe medial plantar nerve , the larger of the two terminal divisions of the tibial nerve, accompanies the medial plantar artery....
- Medial pterygoid nerve
- Median nerveMedian nerveThe median nerve is a nerve in humans and other animals. It is in the upper limb. It is one of the five main nerves originating from the brachial plexus....
- Meissner's plexus
- Mental nerveMental nerveMental nerve is a general somatic afferent nerve which provides sensation to the anterior aspects of the chin and lower lip as well as the buccal gingivae of the mandibular anterior teeth and the premolars...
- Middle cardiac nerveMiddle cardiac nerveThe middle cardiac nerve , the largest of the three cardiac nerves, arises from the middle cervical ganglion, or from the trunk between the middle and inferior ganglia...
- Middle cervical ganglionMiddle cervical ganglionThe middle cervical ganglion is the smallest of the three cervical ganglia, and is occasionally absent.It is placed opposite the sixth cervical vertebra, usually in front of, or close to, the inferior thyroid artery....
- Middle meningeal nerveMiddle meningeal nerveThe middle meningeal nerve is given off from the maxillary nerve directly after its origin from the semilunar ganglionIt accompanies the middle meningeal artery and supplies the dura mater....
- Muscular branches of the radial nerveMuscular branches of the radial nerveThe muscular branches of the radial nerve supply the Triceps brachii, Anconæus, Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, and Brachialis, and are grouped as medial, posterior, and lateral. -Medial:...
- Musculocutaneous nerveMusculocutaneous nerveThe musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, opposite the lower border of the Pectoralis major, its fibers being derived from C5, C6 and C7.-Path:...
- Mylohyoid nerveMylohyoid nerveThe mylohyoid nerve is a nerve that innervates the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.-Structure:...
- Nasociliary nerveNasociliary nerveThe nasociliary nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic nerve. It is intermediate in size between the two other main branches of the ophthalmic nerve, the frontal nerve and the lacrimal nerve, and is more deeply placed.-Path:...
- Nasopalatine nerveNasopalatine nerveOne branch of the posterior superior nasal branches , longer and larger than the others, is named the nasopalatine nerve ....
- Nerve of pterygoid canalNerve of pterygoid canalThe nerve of the pterygoid canal is formed by the junction of the great petrosal nerve and the deep petrosal nerve within the pterygoid canal containing the cartilaginous substance which fills the foramen lacerum.-Course:...
- Nerve to obturator internusNerve to obturator internusThe nerve to obturator internus is a nerve that innervates the obturator internus and gemellus superior muscles.-Course:The nerve to obturator internus originates in the sacral plexus...
- Nerve to quadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femorisThe nerve to quadratus femoris is a nerve that provides innervation to the quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior muscles.-Course:The nerve to quadratus femoris is a sacral plexus nerve...
- Nerve to the PiriformisNerve to the Piriformis-Course:The nerve to piriformis originates in the sacral plexus. It arises from the dorsal division of the second sacral nerve, or the dorsal divisions of the first and second sacral nerves , and enters the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle; this nerve may be double....
- Nerve to the stapediusNerve to the stapediusThe Nerve to the Stapedius arises opposite the pyramidal eminence.It passes through a small canal in this eminence to reach the muscle....
- Nerve to the subclaviusNerve to the subclaviusThe nerve to the Subclavius is a small filament, which arises from the point of junction of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves....
- Nervus intermediusNervus intermediusThe nervus intermedius, or intermediate nerve, is the part of the facial nerve located between the motor component of the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve . It contains the sensory and parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve...
- Nervus spinosusNervus spinosusThe meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve that supplies the dura mater.-Course:It enters the skull through the foramen spinosum with the middle meningeal artery....
- Nodose ganglionNodose ganglionThe nodose ganglion is cylindrical in form, of a reddish color, and in length...
- Obturator nerveObturator nerveThe obturator nerve in human anatomy arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves; the branch from the third is the largest, while that from the second is often very small.-Path:...
- Oculomotor nerveOculomotor nerveThe oculomotor nerve is the 3rd of 12 paired cranial nerves. It enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure and controls most of the eye's movements, including constriction of the pupil and maintaining an open eyelid by innervating the Levator palpebrae superiors muscle. The optic nerve is...
- Olfactory nerveOlfactory nerveThe olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is the first of twelve cranial nerves. It is instrumental in the sense of smell. Derived from the embryonic nasal placode, the olfactory nerve is capable of regeneration.-Anatomy:...
- Ophthalmic nerveOphthalmic nerveThe ophthalmic nerve is one of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial nerve. The ophthalmic nerve carries only sensory fibers.-Branches:*Nasociliary nerve**sensory root of ciliary ganglion**posterior ethmoidal nerve...
- Optic nerveOptic nerveThe optic nerve, also called cranial nerve 2, transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. Derived from the embryonic retinal ganglion cell, a diverticulum located in the diencephalon, the optic nerve doesn't regenerate after transection.-Anatomy:The optic nerve is the second of...
- Otic ganglionOtic ganglionThe otic ganglion is a small, oval shaped, flattened parasympathetic ganglion of a reddish-gray color, located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa. It gives innervation to the parotid gland for salivation....
- Ovarian plexusOvarian plexusIn the female, the ovarian plexus arises from the renal plexus, and is distributed to the ovary, and fundus of the uterus.It is carried in the suspensory ligament of the ovary....
- Palatine nervesPalatine nervesThe palatine nerves are distributed to the roof of the mouth, soft palate, tonsil, and lining membrane of the nasal cavity.Most of their fibers are derived from the sphenopalatine branches of the maxillary nerve....
- Palmar branch of the median nervePalmar branch of the median nerveThe palmar branch of the median nerve is a branch of the median nerve which arises at the lower part of the forearm.-Branches:It pierces the palmar carpal ligament, and divides into a lateral and a medial branch;...
- Palmar branch of ulnar nervePalmar branch of ulnar nerveThe palmar branch of the ulnar nerve arises about five cm above the wrist from where the ulnar nerve splits into palmar and dorsal branches.The palmar branch represents the continuation of the ulnar nerve as it crosses the flexor retinaculum of the hand on the lateral side of the pisiform bone,...
- Pancreatic plexusPancreatic plexusThe pancreatic plexus is a division of the celiac plexus ....
- Patellar plexusPatellar plexusThe terminal filaments of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve frequently communicate with the anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve, and with the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve, forming with them the patellar plexus ....
- Pelvic splanchnic nervesPelvic splanchnic nervesPelvic splanchnic nerves or nervi erigentes are splanchnic nerves that arise from sacral spinal nerves S2, S3, S4 to provide parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut.-Structure:...
- Perforating cutaneous nervePerforating cutaneous nerveThe perforating cutaneous nerve is a cutaneous nerve that supplies skin over the gluteus maximus muscle.-Structure:The perforating cutaneous nerve arises from the sacral plexus. It pierces the lower part of the sacrotuberous ligament, and winds around the inferior border of the gluteus maximus...
- Perineal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nervePerineal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nerveThe perineal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve are distributed to the skin at the upper and medial side of the thigh.One long perineal branch, inferior pudendal , curves forward below and in front of the ischial tuberosity, pierces the fascia lata, and runs forward beneath the...
- Perineal nervePerineal nerveThe perineal nerve is a nerve arising from the pudendal nerve that supplies the perineum.-Structure:The perineal nerve is the inferior and larger of the two terminal branches of the pudendal nerve, is situated below the internal pudendal artery....
- Petrous ganglionPetrous ganglionThe inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve is larger than the superior ganglion and is situated in a depression in the lower border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone....
- Pharyngeal branch of vagus nervePharyngeal branch of vagus nerveThe pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve, the principal motor nerve of the pharynx, arises from the upper part of the ganglion nodosum, and consists principally of filaments from the cranial portion of the accessory nerve....
- Pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nervePharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerveThe pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve are three or four filaments which unite, opposite the Constrictor pharyngis medius, with the pharyngeal branches of the vagus and sympathetic, to form the pharyngeal plexus....
- Pharyngeal nervePharyngeal nerveThe pharyngeal nerve is a small branch arising from the posterior part of the pterygopalatine ganglion.It passes through the pharyngeal canal with the pharyngeal branch of the maxillary nerve, and is distributed to the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, behind the auditory tube....
- Pharyngeal plexusPharyngeal plexus of vagus nerveThe pharyngeal plexus is a network of nerve fibers innervating most of the palate, larynx, and pharynx.It is located on the surface of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle.-Sources:...
- Phrenic nervePhrenic nerveThe phrenic nerve originates mainly from the 4th cervical nerve, but also receives contributions from the 5th and 3rd cervical nerves in humans....
- Phrenic plexusPhrenic plexusThe phrenic plexus accompanies the inferior phrenic artery to the diaphragm, some filaments passing to the suprarenal gland.It arises from the upper part of the celiac ganglion, and is larger on the right than on the left side....
- Posterior auricular nervePosterior auricular nerveThe posterior auricular nerve arises from the facial nerve close to the stylomastoid foramen and runs upward in front of the mastoid process; here it is joined by a filament from the auricular branch of the vagus and communicates with the posterior branch of the great auricular as well as with the...
- Posterior branch of spinal nervePosterior branch of spinal nerveThe posterior branches of the spinal nerves are as a rule smaller than the anterior divisions. They are also referred to as the dorsal rami....
- Posterior cordPosterior cordThe posterior cord is a part of the brachial plexus. It consists of contributions from all of the roots of the brachial plexus.The posterior cord gives rise to the following nerves:...
- Posterior cutaneous nerve of armPosterior cutaneous nerve of armThe posterior cutaneous nerve of arm is a branch of the radial nerve that provides sensory innervation for much of the skin on the back of the arm...
- Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearmPosterior cutaneous nerve of forearmThe posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm is a nerve found in humans and other animals. It is also known as the dorsal antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the external cutaneous branch of the musculospiral nerve, and the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve...
- Posterior cutaneous nerve of thighPosterior cutaneous nerve of thighThe posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh provides innervation to the skin of the posterior surface of the thigh and leg, as well as to the skin of the perineum.-Structure:...
- Posterior scrotal nervesPosterior scrotal nervesThe posterior scrotal branches or ""posterior labial branches"" are two in number, medial and lateral. They are branches of the perineal nerve, which is itself is a branch of the pudendal nerve...
- Posterior superior alveolar nervePosterior superior alveolar nerveThe posterior superior alveolar branches arise from the trunk of the maxillary nerve just before it enters the infraorbital groove; they are generally two in number, but sometimes arise by a single trunk....
- Proper palmar digital nerves of median nerveProper palmar digital nerves of median nerveIn the palm of the hand the median nerve is covered by the skin and the palmar aponeurosis, and rests on the tendons of the Flexor muscles. Immediately after emerging from under the transverse carpal ligament the median nerve becomes enlarged and flattened and splits into a smaller, lateral, and a...
- Prostatic plexus (nervous)
- Pterygopalatine ganglionPterygopalatine ganglionThe pterygopalatine ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion found in the pterygopalatine fossa. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck....
- Pudendal nervePudendal nerveThe pudendal nerve is a sensory and somatic nerve in the pelvic region which is a large branch of the sacral plexus that innervates the external genitalia of both sexes, as well as sphincters for the bladder and the rectum...
- Pudendal plexus
- Pulmonary branches of vagus nervePulmonary branches of vagus nerveThe pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve can be divided into two groups: anterior and posterior.-Anterior:The Anterior Bronchial Branches , two or three in number, and of small size, are distributed on the anterior surface of the root of the lung.They join with filaments from the sympathetic, and...
- Radial nerveRadial nerveThe radial nerve is a nerve in the human body that supplies the upper limb. It supplies the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii muscle of the arm, as well as all 12 muscles in the posterior osteofascial compartment of the forearm and the associated joints and overlying skin.It...
- Recurrent laryngeal nerveRecurrent laryngeal nerveThe recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve that supplies motor function and sensation to the larynx . It travels within the endoneurium...
- Renal plexusRenal plexusThe renal plexus is formed by filaments from the celiac plexus, the aorticorenal ganglion, and the aortic plexus .It is joined also by the least splanchnic nerve....
- Sacral plexusSacral plexus-External links:*...
- Sacral splanchnic nervesSacral splanchnic nervesSacral splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that connect the inferior hypogastric plexus to the sympathetic trunk in the pelvis.-Structure:...
- Saphenous nerveSaphenous nerveThe saphenous nerve is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve.-Path:It approaches the femoral artery where this vessel passes beneath the sartorius, and lies in front of the artery, behind the aponeurotic covering of the adductor canal, as far as the opening in the lower part of the...
- Sciatic nerveSciatic nerveThe sciatic nerve is a large nerve fiber in humans and other animals. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb...
- Semilunar ganglion
- Short ciliary nervesShort ciliary nervesThe branches of the ciliary ganglion are the short ciliary nerves.These are delicate filaments, from six to ten in number, which arise from the forepart of the ganglion in two bundles connected with its superior and inferior angles; the lower bundle is the larger.They run forward with the ciliary...
- Sphenopalatine nervesSphenopalatine nervesThe pterygopalatine nerves , two in number, descend to the pterygopalatine ganglion.Although it is closely related to the pterygopalatine ganglion, it is still considered a branch of the maxillary nerve and does not synapse in the ganglion.It is found in the pterygopalatine fossa....
- Splenic plexusSplenic plexusThe splenic plexus is formed by branches from the celiac plexus, the left celiac ganglion, and from the right vagus nerve....
- Stylohyoid branch of facial nerveStylohyoid branch of facial nerveThe stylohyoid branch of facial nerve frequently arises in conjunction with the digastric branch; it is long and slender, and enters the Stylohyoideus about its middle.-External links:* http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_47/47-5.HTM...
- Subcostal nerveSubcostal nerveThe anterior division of the twelfth thoracic nerve is larger than the others; it runs along the lower border of the twelfth rib, often gives a communicating branch to the first lumbar nerve, and passes under the lateral lumbocostal arch.It then runs in front of the Quadratus lumborum, perforates...
- Submandibular ganglionSubmandibular ganglionThe submandibular ganglion is part of the human autonomic nervous system. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck...
- Suboccipital nerveSuboccipital nerveThe first cervical nerve, the suboccipital nerve exits the spinal cord between the skull and the first cervical vertebra, the atlas.It supplies muscles around the suboccipital triangle including the rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior, and obliquus capitis inferior. The...
- Superficial branch of the radial nerveSuperficial branch of the radial nerveThe superficial branch of the radial nerve passes along the front of the radial side of the forearm to the commencement of its lower third.It lies at first slightly lateral to the radial artery, concealed beneath the Brachioradialis. In the middle third of the forearm, it lies behind the same...
- Superficial fibular nerveSuperficial fibular nerveThe superficial fibular nerve innervates the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles and the skin over the greater part of the dorsum of the foot .It passes forward between the fibularis muscles and the extensor digitorum longus, pierces the deep...
- Superior cardiac nerveSuperior cardiac nerveThe superior cardiac nerve arises by two or more branches from the superior cervical ganglion, and occasionally receives a filament from the trunk between the first and second cervical ganglia....
- Superior cervical ganglionSuperior cervical ganglionThe superior cervical ganglion , the largest of the cervical ganglia, is placed opposite the second and third cervical vertebræ. It contains neurons that supply sympathetic innervation to the face....
- Superior ganglionSuperior ganglionThe superior ganglion is situated in the upper part of the groove in which the glossopharyngeal nerve is lodged during its passage through the jugular foramen....
- Superior gluteal nerve
- Superior hypogastric plexusSuperior hypogastric plexusThe superior hypogastric plexus is a plexus of nerves situated on the vertebral bodies below the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta.-Structure:...
- Superior labial nerveSuperior labial nerveThe superior labial branches , the largest and most numerous, descend behind the Quadratus labii superioris, and are distributed to the skin of the upper lip, the mucous membrane of the mouth, and labial glands....
- Superior laryngeal nerveSuperior laryngeal nerveThe superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve. It arises from the middle of the ganglion nodosum and in its course receives a branch from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic....
- Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of armSuperior lateral cutaneous nerve of armThe superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm is the continuation of the posterior cord of the axillary nerve, after it pierces the deep fascia.-Course and targets:...
- Superior mesenteric plexusSuperior mesenteric plexusThe superior mesenteric plexus is a continuation of the lower part of the celiac plexus, receiving a branch from the junction of the right vagus nerve with the plexus....
- Superior rectal plexusSuperior rectal plexusThe superior rectal plexus supplies the rectum and joins in the pelvis with branches from the pelvic plexuses.The superior rectal plexus is a division of the inferior mesenteric plexus....
- Supraclavicular nervesSupraclavicular nervesThe supraclavicular nerves arise from the third and fourth cervical nerves; they emerge beneath the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and descend in the posterior triangle of the neck beneath the platysma and deep cervical fascia.-Branches:Near the clavicle they perforate the fascia...
- Supraorbital nerveSupraorbital nerveThe supraorbital nerve is a terminal branch of the frontal nerve.It passes through the supraorbital foramen, and gives off, in this situation, palpebral filaments to the upper eyelid...
- Suprarenal plexusSuprarenal plexusThe suprarenal plexus is formed by branches from the celiac plexus, from the celiac ganglion, and from the phrenic and greater splanchnic nerves, a ganglion being formed at the point of junction with the latter nerve....
- Suprascapular nerveSuprascapular nerveThe suprascapular nerve arises from the upper trunk . It innervates the supraspinatus muscles and infraspinatus muscles....
- Supratrochlear nerveSupratrochlear nerveThe supratrochlear nerve is a branch of the frontal nerve, which itself comes from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal cranial nerve.It is smaller than the nearby supraorbital nerve...
- Sural nerveSural nerveThe sural nerve , formed by the junction of the medial sural cutaneous with the peroneal anastomotic branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve, passes downward near the lateral margin of the tendo calcaneus, lying close to the small saphenous vein, to the interval between the lateral malleolus...
- Sympathetic trunkSympathetic trunkThe sympathetic trunks are a paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx.-Structure:...
- Temporal branches of the facial nerveTemporal branches of the facial nerveThe temporal branches of the facial nerve, also known as the frontal branch of the facial nerve, crosses the zygomatic arch to the temporal region, supplying the auriculares anterior and superior, and joining with the zygomaticotemporal branch of the maxillary, and with the auriculotemporal branch...
- Third occipital nerveThird occipital nerveWhile under the Trapezius, the medial branch of the posterior division of the third cervical nerve gives off a branch called the third occipital nerve , which pierces the Trapezius and ends in the skin of the lower part of the back of the head.It lies medial to the greater occipital and...
- Thoracic splanchnic nervesThoracic splanchnic nervesThoracic splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic innervation to the abdomen...
- Thoraco-abdominal nervesThoraco-abdominal nervesThe anterior divisions of the seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh thoracic intercostal nerves are continued anteriorly from the intercostal spaces into the abdominal wall; hence they are named thoraco-abdominal nerves .They have the same arrangement as the upper ones as far as the anterior...
- Thoracodorsal nerveThoracodorsal nerveThe thoracodorsal nerve is a nerve present in humans and other animals. It is also known as the middle subscapular nerve or the long subscapular nerve. It supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle....
- Tibial nerveTibial nerveThe tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus.In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris muscles, an articular branch to the knee joint, and a...
- Transverse cervical nerveTransverse cervical nerveThe transverse cervical nerve arises from the second and third cervical nerves, turns around the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus about its middle, and, passing obliquely forward beneath the external jugular vein to the anterior border of the muscle, it perforates the deep cervical...
- Trigeminal nerveTrigeminal nerveThe trigeminal nerve contains both sensory and motor fibres. It is responsible for sensation in the face and certain motor functions such as biting, chewing, and swallowing. Sensory information from the face and body is processed by parallel pathways in the central nervous system...
- Trochlear nerveTrochlear nerveThe trochlear nerve is a motor nerve that innervates a single muscle: the superior oblique muscle of the eye....
- Tympanic nerveTympanic nerveThe tympanic nerve is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve found near the ear.-Path:It arises from the petrous ganglion, and ascends to the tympanic cavity through a small canal, the fossula petrosa/tympanic canaliculus, on the under surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone on the...
- Ulnar nerveUlnar nerveIn human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve which runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is in relation with the ulnar nerve. The nerve is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body , so injury is common...
- Upper subscapular nerveUpper subscapular nerveThe upper subscapular enters the upper part of the Subscapularis, and is frequently represented by two branches. It is derived from C5, C6 nerve fibers, and branches from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus....
- Uterovaginal plexus
- Vagus nerveVagus nerveThe vagus nerve , also called pneumogastric nerve or cranial nerve X, is the tenth of twelve paired cranial nerves...
- Ventral ramusVentral ramusThe ventral ramus supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk, and the limbs; they are for the most part larger than the posterior divisions....
- Vesical nervous plexus
- Vestibular nerveVestibular nerveThe vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the Vestibulocochlear nerve . It goes to the semicircular canals via the vestibular ganglion...
- Vestibulocochlear nerveVestibulocochlear nerveThe vestibulocochlear nerve is the eighth of twelve cranial nerves, and is responsible for transmitting sound and equilibrium information from the inner ear to the brain...
- Zygomatic branches of facial nerveZygomatic branches of facial nerveThe Zygomatic branches of the facial nerve run across the zygomatic bone to the lateral angle of the orbit, where they supply the Orbicularis oculi, and join with filaments from the lacrimal nerve and the zygomaticofacial branch of the maxillary nerve.-Testing:To test the zygomatic branches of the...
- Zygomatic nerveZygomatic nerveThe zygomatic nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve that enters the orbit and helps to supply the skin over the zygomatic and temporal bones. The zygomatic nerve is not to be confused with the zygomatic branches of the facial nerve.-Structure:The zygomatic nerve arises in the pterygopalatine...
- Zygomaticofacial nerveZygomaticofacial nerveThe zygomaticofacial nerve or zygomaticofacial branch of zygomatic nerve passes along the infero-lateral angle of the orbit, emerges upon the face through the zygomaticofacial foramen in the zygomatic bone, and, perforating the Orbicularis oculi to reach the skin of the malar area.It joins with...
- Zygomaticotemporal nerveZygomaticotemporal nerveThe zygomaticotemporal nerve or zygomaticotemporal branch is derived from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve...