List of female scientists
Encyclopedia
Antiquity
- AgamedeAgamedeAgamede was a name attributed to two separate women in classical Greek mythology and legendary history:-Mythological:Agamede was, according to Homer, a Greek physician acquainted with the healing powers of all the plants that grow upon the earth...
(12th century BCE), (possibly mythical) physician in Ancient Greece - AglaonikeAglaonikeAglaonike , also known as Aganice of Thessaly is cited as the first female astronomer in ancient Greece. She is mentioned in the writings of Plutarch and Apollonius of Rhodes as the daughter of Hegetor of Thessaly...
(2nd century BCE), the first woman astronomer in Ancient Greece - Agnodike (4th century BCE), the first woman physician to practice legally in Athens
- Arete of CyreneArete of CyreneArete of Cyrene was a Cyrenaic philosopher, and the daughter of Aristippus of Cyrene.She learned philosophy from her father, Aristippus, who had himself learned philosophy from Socrates. Arete, in turn, taught philosophy to her son - Aristippus the Younger - hence her son was nicknamed...
(5th-4th centuries BCE), natural and moral philosopher, North Africa - Artemisia of CariaArtemisia of CariaArtemisia of Caria is the name of two ancient Anatolian rulers, often confused with one another:*Artemisia I of Caria , Female commander in the Persian Empire, under the rule of Xerxes I of Persia...
(c. 300 BCE), botanist - Aspasia of Miletus (4th century BCE), philosopher and scientist
- Cleopatra the AlchemistCleopatra the AlchemistCleopatra the Alchemist , was an Egyptian alchemist and author. The dates of her life and death are unknown, but she was active in Alexandria in the 3rd century or the 4th century....
- identity is unclear, but her book, The Chrysopoeia of Cleopatra, is first recorded as existing in the 2nd century A.D./C.E. in Alexandria. - Diotima of MantineaDiotima of MantineaDiotima of Mantinea is a female seer who plays an important role in Plato's Symposium. Her ideas are the origin of the concept of Platonic love. Since the only source concerning her is Plato, it is uncertain whether she was a real historical personage or merely a fictional creation...
(4th century BCE), philosopher and scientist, ancient Greece (sources vary as to her historicity; possibly a fictionalized character based on Aspasia of Miletus) - EnheduannaEnheduannaEnheduanna , also transliterated as Enheduana, En-hedu-ana or EnHeduAnna , was an Akkadian princess as well as High Priestess of the Moon god Nanna in the Sumerian city-state of Ur...
(c. 2285-2250 BCE), Sumerian/Akkadian astronomer and poet - Hypatia of AlexandriaHypatia of AlexandriaHypatia was an Egyptian Neoplatonist philosopher who was the first notable woman in mathematics. As head of the Platonist school at Alexandria, she also taught philosophy and astronomy...
(370-415), mathematician and astronomer, Egypt
- Lastheneia of MantineaLastheneia of MantineaLastheneia of Mantinea was one of Plato's female students.She was born in Mantinea, an ancient city in Arcadia, in the Peloponnese. She studied in the Academy of Plato dressed as a man. After the death of Plato she continued her studies with Speusippus, Plato's nephew...
, (5th century BCE), one of Plato's only female students
- Mary the JewessMary the JewessMaria the Jewess is estimated to have lived anywhere between the first and third centuries AD...
(1st or 2nd century CE), alchemist - Merit PtahMerit PtahMerit Ptah was an early physician in ancient Egypt. She is most notable for being the first woman known by name in the history of the field of medicine, and possibly the first named woman in all of science as well. Her picture can be seen on a tomb in the necropolis near the step pyramid of Saqqara...
(c.2700 BCE), Egyptian physician
- Pythias of AssosPythiasPythias was the adoptive daughter of Hermias of Atarneus, as well as Aristotle's first wife.She was probably born about 381 BC and died in Athens after 326 BC. She predeceased Aristotle, which is known from his will, since it directs that her wish be honored to have her bones buried with...
(4th century BCE), marine zoologist
- Tapputi-BelatekallimTapputiTapputi, also referred to as Tapputi-Belatekallim, is considered to be the world’s first chemist, a perfume-maker mentioned in a cuneiform tablet from the second millennium BC in Mesopotamia. She used flowers, oil, and calamus along with cyperus, myrrh, and balsam. She added water then distilled...
(http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:wLVAmPdxp74J:www.spsu.edu/chem/AG/HistoryChem.pdf+Tapputi-Belatekallim&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgkmKuL8AMFP3rK8kybQ7hjKwfoGu2jOIOepMnli7K0WDWBGYopudoSjeos-DGyHh05e2NKrZchcqT2eLpaHAPjOiYbAX0-dlHeQQ_OE9icVr3jdPLu1XsjJPq498zl4sCmOYJT&sig=AHIEtbTQuvV2ex0akuZByZqOMrb7KNfz2Q first mentioned in a clay tablet dating to 2000 BCE), Babylonian perfumer, the first person in history recorded as using a chemical process - TheanoTheano (mathematician)Theano is the name given to perhaps two Pythagorean philosophers. She has been called the pupil, daughter and wife of Pythagoras, although others made her the wife of Brontinus...
(6th century BCE), philosopher, mathematician and physician
Middle Ages
- AbellaAbellaAbella was a 14th century Italian physician who taught at the Salerno school of medicine. Abella wrote medical treatises in verse, and lectured on, among other topics, the nature of women. Her published medical treatises, De atrabile and De natura seminis humani , have not survived.-References:*...
(14th century), Italian physician - Bettina d'AndreaBettina d'AndreaBettina d'Andrea, , was an Italian legal scholar and professor in law and philosophy at the university of Padua.As the daughter of Giovanni d'Andrea, professor in Canon law at the university of Bologna, she was educated by her father...
(d. 1335), Italian lawyer and philosopher - Novella d'AndreaNovella d'AndreaNovella d'Andrea, , was an Italian legal scholar and professor in law at the university of Bologna.As the daughter of Giovanni d'Andrea, professor in Canon law at the university of Bologna, she was educated by her father and took over his lectures at the university during his absence...
(d. 1333), Italian lawyer - Hildegard von Bingen (1099–1179), German natural philosopher
- Dorotea Bocchi (fl.FloruitFloruit , abbreviated fl. , is a Latin verb meaning "flourished", denoting the period of time during which something was active...
1390), Italian professor of medicine - Constance CalendaConstance CalendaConstance Calenda was an Italian surgeon specialising in diseases of the eyeCalenda was the daughter of Salvator Calenda, the dean of the faculty of medicine at the University of Salerno in about 1415, and afterwards dean of the faculty at Naples...
(15th century), Italian surgeon specialising in diseases of the eye - Constanza, Italian physician
- Calrice di DurisioCalrice di DurisioCalrice di Durisio was an Italian physician and surgeon in the 15th century.She was educated at the University of Salerno and belonged to the minority of female students of her time period. She specialized in the diseases of the eye.- References :*...
(15th century), Italian physician - Jacobina Félicie (fl. 1322), Italian physician
- Alessandra GilianiAlessandra GilianiAlessandra Giliani was born in 1307 and died on 26 March 1326, in a blazing inferno at age 19. She was an Italian anatomist, serving as the first female prosector in Italy....
(fl. 1318), Italian anatomist
- Rebecca de GuarnaRebecca de GuarnaRebecca de Guarna was an Italian physician and surgeon and author in the 14th century. She is one of the few woman physicians known from the middle ages....
(14th century), Italian physician - HeloiseHeloise (student of Abelard)Héloïse d’Argenteuil was a French nun, writer, scholar, and abbess, best known for her love affair and correspondence with Peter Abélard.- Background :...
(12th century), French mathematician and physician - Herrad of LandsbergHerrad of LandsbergHerrad of Landsberg was a 12th century Alsatian nun and abbess of Hohenburg Abbey in the Vosges mountains. She is known as the author of the pictorial encyclopedia Hortus deliciarum ....
(c.1130-1195), German/French author of the encyclopedia and technological compendium Garden of Delight - Maria Incarnata, Italian surgeon
- Margarita (14th century), Italian physician
- Thomasia de Mattio, Italian physician
- MercuriadeMercuriadeMercuriade was an Italian physician, surgeon and medical author in the 14th century. She is one of the few woman physicians known from the middle ages....
(14th century), Italian physician and surgeon - Empress Theodora (500-545), Byzantine philosopher and mathematician
- Trotula of SalernoTrotula of SalernoTrotula can refer to Trotula of Salerno or the Trotula texts. Trotula of Salerno was a female physician who worked in Salerno, Italy. Several writings about women’s health have been attributed to her, including Diseases of Women, Treatments for Women, and Women’s Cosmetics...
(c. 1090), Italian physician - Walborg and Karin Jota (c. 1350), Swedish officials of the court
15th to 17th centuries
- Anna ÅkerhjelmAnna ÅkerhjelmAnna Åkerhjelm, née Anna Agriconia, , was a Swedish writer and traveller and the first woman in Sweden to have been ennobled for her own actions .- Biography :...
(1647–1693), Swedish traveller and amateur archeologist. - Aphra BehnAphra BehnAphra Behn was a prolific dramatist of the English Restoration and was one of the first English professional female writers. Her writing contributed to the amatory fiction genre of British literature.-Early life:...
(1640–1689), British astronomer - JulianaJulianaJuliana, Julianna, Giuliana, Iuliana, Yuliana, Uljana, Xuliana, Xhuliana or Ylyiana is a female name. It is a feminized version of Julianus, in turn derived from Julius, as in Julius Caesar. It can also refer to:- Medieval women :*Juliana of Paul and Juliana , d...
(fl. 1460), British natural historian - Celia Grillo BorromeoCelia Grillo BorromeoClelia Grillo Borromeo Arese or Celia Grillo Borromeo , was an Italian mathematician and scientist....
(1684–1777), Italian natural philosopher - Sophia BraheSophia BraheSophie Brahe, or Sophia, was a Danish horticulturalist and student of astronomy, chemistry, and medicine, best known for assisting her brother Tycho Brahe with his astronomical observations.-Life:...
(1556–1643), Danish astronomer and chemist - Margaret CavendishMargaret CavendishMargaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was an English aristocrat, a prolific writer, and a scientist. Born Margaret Lucas, she was the youngest sister of prominent royalists Sir John Lucas and Sir Charles Lucas...
(1623–1673), natural philosopher - Laura CeretaLaura CeretaLaura Cereta was a Renaissance humanist and feminist. Most of her writing was in the form of letters to other intellectuals.-Biography:...
(1469–1499), humanist
- Isabella CorteseIsabella CorteseIsabella Cortese , was an Italian alchemist and writer of the Renaissance.In 1561, her book I secreti della signora Isabella Cortese first appeared in print in Venice and it introduced alchemy to a wider readership. In it were medical and cosmetic remedies, advice for how to run a household and...
, (fl. 1561), Italian alchemist - Maria CunitzMaria CunitzMaria Cunitz or Maria Cunitia was an accomplished Silesian astronomer, and one of the most notable female astronomers of the modern era...
(1610–1664), Silesian astronomer - Jeanne DuméeJeanne DuméeJeanne Dumée was a French astronomer and author.Dumée married early and became a widow early and dedicated her life to study astronomy. She was the author of Discusión da opinión de Copérnico sobre o movemento da Terra . The manuscript is kept at the French National Library.- References :* A...
(fl. 1680), French astronomer
- Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess PalatineElisabeth of Bohemia, Princess PalatineElisabeth of the Palatinate , also known as Elisabeth of Bohemia, was the eldest daughter of Frederick V, who was briefly elected King of Bohemia, and Elizabeth Stuart. She ruled the Herford Abbey as Princess-Abbess Elizabeth III...
(1618–1680), German natural philosopher - Beatriz GalindoBeatriz GalindoBeatriz Galindo, sometimes spelt Beatrix, was a Spanish physician, and educator. She was a writer and humanist, preceptor of Queen Isabella of Castile and her children. She was one of the most educated women of her time...
(1465–1534), Spanish physician - Elisabetha Koopman HeveliusElisabetha Koopman HeveliusElisabeth Catherina Koopmann Hevelius was the second wife of Johannes Hevelius. Like her husband, she was also an astronomer....
(c.1646), astronomer, wife of Johannes Hevelius - Hedvig Eleonora KlingenstiernaHedvig Eleonora KlingenstiernaHedvig Eleonora Beata Klingenstierna , was a Swedish noble. She was the first woman to have given a lecture at a Swedish university....
, (17th century) Swedish lecturer in Latin at Linköping University - Maria Sibylla MerianMaria Sibylla MerianMaria Sibylla Merian was a naturalist and scientific illustrator who studied plants and insects and made detailed paintings about them...
(1647–1717), naturalist - Tarquinia MolzaTarquinia MolzaTarquinia Molza was an Italian singer and poet. She was considered a great virtuosa and many artistic works were dedicated to her; Francesco Patrizi wrote about her singing in his treatise L'amorosa filosofia, and she was perhaps the first singer to have a published biography dedicated to her...
(1542–1617), Italian natural philosopher - Elena Cornaro PiscopiaElena Cornaro PiscopiaElena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia was a Venetian philosopher of noble descent, and the first woman to receive a degree.She was born in the Palazzo Loredan, at Venice, Republic of Venice on 5 June 1646. She was the third child of Giovanni Battista Cornaro-Piscopia, and his wife Zanetta Boni. ...
(1646–1684), Italian mathematician and the first female PhD - Jane SharpJane SharpJane Sharp was a 17th century English midwife. In 1671 she published The Midwives Book: or the Whole Art of Midwifery Discovered, becoming the first English woman to publish a book on midwifery. In her book, she combines the medical knowledge of the time with personal anecdote and states her...
(fl. 1671), British midwife - Elinor SneshellElinor SneshellElinor Sneshell was a female barber surgeon who was active during the reign of Elizabeth I of England. In the 1593 Returns of Strangers in the Metropolis, she was listed as a widow originating from Valenciennes who had been resident in London for 26 years. Sneshell was one of only two known female...
(fl. 1593), surgeon
18th century
- Maria Gaetana AgnesiMaria Gaetana AgnesiMaria Gaetana Agnesi was an Italian linguist, mathematician, and philosopher. Agnesi is credited with writing the first book discussing both differential and integral calculus. She was an honorary member of the faculty at the University of Bologna...
(1718–1799), Italian mathematician - Maria ArdinghelliMaria ArdinghelliMaria Angela Ardinghelli was an Italian translator, mathematician, physicist and noble.Maria Angela Ardinghelli was born a noble family of Florentine origin...
(1728–1825), Italian mathematician and physicist - Anna AtkinsAnna AtkinsAnna Atkins was an English botanist and photographer. She is often considered the first person to publish a book illustrated with photographic images. Some sources claim that she was the first woman to create a photograph.-Early life:Anna Children was born in Tonbridge, Kent, England in 1799...
(1799–1871), British botanist - Giuseppa Eleonora BarbapiccolaGiuseppa Eleonora BarbapiccolaGiuseppa Eleonora Barbapiccola was an Italian natural philosopher, poet and translator. She is best known for her translation of René Descartes Principles of Philosophy in Italian. from 1722....
(c. 1702-1740), natural philosopher, translator - Laura BassiLaura BassiLaura Maria Caterina Bassi was an Italian scientist, the first woman to officially teach at a university in Europe.-Biography:Born in Bologna into a wealthy family with a lawyer as a father, she was privately educated and tutored for seven years in her teens by Gaetano Tacconi...
(1711–1778), Italian physicist - Margaret BryanMargaret Bryan (philosopher)Margaret Bryan was a British natural philosopher and educator, and the author of standard scientific textbooks.The year of Bryan's birth is uncertain, probably before 1760, her published works are dated 1797 to 1815. Bryan was a beautiful and talented schoolmistress, and the wife of a Mr. Bryan...
(c. 1760-1815), British natural philosopher - Maria Christina BruhnMaria Christina BruhnMaria Christina Bruhn was a Swedish inventor, likely to be the first patented female inventor of her country.Bruhn was the eldest of three daughters of the book printer Johan Bruhn . She took over a tapestry- and wallpaper manufactury after the death of her widowed mother Inga Christina in 1751...
(1732–1802), Swedish inventor - Elsa Beata BungeElsa Beata BungeElsa Beata Bunge was a Swedish, botanist, writer and noble.Elsa Beata was the daughter of statesman and noble, baron Fabian Wrede, and Katarina Charlotta Sparre. In 1761, she married the statesman Count Sven Bunge...
(1734–1819), Swedish botanist - Maria Medina CoeliMaria Medina CoeliMaria Medina Coeli was an Italian scientist.She was the daughter of the physician Sebastian Medina Coeli and Isabella Battistessa. Coeli was educated in medicin by her father and corresponded with the physician Luigi Sacco...
(1764-1846), Italian physician. - Émilie du ChâteletÉmilie du Châtelet-Early life:Du Châtelet was born on 17 December 1706 in Paris, the only daughter of six children. Three brothers lived to adulthood: René-Alexandre , Charles-Auguste , and Elisabeth-Théodore . Her eldest brother, René-Alexandre, died in 1720, and the next brother, Charles-Auguste, died in 1731...
(1706–1749), French mathematician and physicist - Jane ColdenJane ColdenJane Colden was an American botanist described as the "first botanist of her sex in her country" by Asa Gray in 1843...
(1724–1766), American biologist - Maria Dalle DonneMaria Dalle DonneMaria Dalle Donne , was an Italian physician and a director at the University of Bologna. She was the first female doctorate in medicine, and the second woman to become a member of the Ordine de Benedettini Academici Pensionati....
(1778–1842), Italian physician - Marie-Jeanne de LalandeMarie-Jeanne de LalandeMarie-Jeanne-Amélie Le Francais de Lalande, née Habray , was a French astronomer.She was the niece of Jerome de Lalande and married astronomer Michel-Jean-Jerome Le Francois de Lalande in 1788....
(1760-1832), French astronomer - Eva EkebladEva EkebladEva Ekeblad , née Eva De la Gardie, was a Swedish agronomist, scientist, Salonist and noble . Her most known discovery was to make flour and alcohol out of potatoes...
(1724–1786), Swedish agronomist - Nicole-Reine LepauteNicole-Reine LepauteNicole-Reine Lepaute, née Étable , was a French astronomer and mathematician. She predicted the return of Halley's Comet, calculated the timing of a solar eclipse and constructed a group of catalogs for the stars...
(1723–1792), French astronomer. - Dorothea Leporin Erxleben (1715–1762), German physician
- Elizabeth FulhameElizabeth FulhameElizabeth Fulhame was a British, specifically Scottish, chemist perhaps best known for her 1794 work An Essay on Combustion. The book details her experiments on oxidation-reduction reactions and catalysis. As the title implies it also concerned theories on combustion. The book is seen by some as a...
(fl. 1794), British chemist
- Sophie GermainSophie GermainMarie-Sophie Germain was a French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher. Despite initial opposition from her parents and difficulties presented by a gender-biased society, she gained education from books in her father's library and from correspondence with famous mathematicians such as...
(1776–1831), elasticity theory, number theory - Lucia Galeazzi GalvaniLucia Galeazzi GalvaniLucia Galeazzi Galvani was an Italian scientist.She was the daughter of anatomist Domenico Gusmano and Paola Mini and from 1762 married to the doctor Luigi Galvani, from 1775 a professor at the University of Bologna. In 1772, the couple moved to their own home, where her spouse established a...
(1743–1788), Italian physician - Catherine Littlefield GreeneCatherine Littlefield GreeneCatharine Littlefield "Caty" Greene was the wife of American Revolutionary War general Nathanael Greene, a mother of five, and noted for being a supporter of inventor Eli Whitney.-Early life:...
(1755–1814), American inventor - Caroline HerschelCaroline HerschelCaroline Lucretia Herschel was a German-British astronomer, the sister of astronomer Sir Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel with whom she worked throughout both of their careers. Her most significant contribution to astronomy was the discovery of several comets and in particular the periodic comet...
(1750–1848), German-British astronomer - Josephine KablickJosephine KablickJosephine Ettel Kablick sometimes Kablikova was a pioneering Czech botanist and paleontologist. She collected plant and fossil samples for institutions throughout Europe. Many of the fossils and plants she collected are named in her honor.-References:* Entry at the Brooklyn Museum Dinner Party...
(1787-1863), Botanist - Maria Margarethe KirchMaria Margarethe KirchMaria Margarethe Kirch was a German astronomer, and one of the first famous astronomers of her period.-Early life:...
, (1670–1720), German astronomer - Marie Paulze LavoisierMarie-Anne Pierrette PaulzeMarie-Anne Pierette Paulze , was a French chemist. She was born in the town of Montbrison, Loire, in a small province in France...
(1758–1836), French chemist and illustrator - Anna Morandi ManzoliniAnna Morandi ManzoliniAnna Morandi Manzolini was a lecturer of anatomy and sculptor of anatomical models in wax. She was married to Giovanni Manzolini, a professor of anatomy at the University of Bologna. When her husband became ill with tuberculosis, she received special permission to lecture in his place. She became...
(1716–1774), Italian physician and anatomist
- Maria PettraciniMaria PettraciniMaria Magdalena Petraccini, or Pettracini , Italian anatomist and physician, professor of anatomy....
(1759-1791), Italian anatomist and physician - Louise du PierryLouise du PierryLouise du Pierry or Dupiery , was a French astronomer and professor....
(1746- fl 1807), French astronomer - Faustina PignatelliFaustina PignatelliFaustina Pignatelli Carafa, princess di Colubrano , was an Italian scientist. She was the second woman elected in to the Academy of Sciences in Bologna . She published the Problemata Mathematica in 1734....
(d. 1785), Italian physicist
- Christina RoccatiChristina RoccatiCristina Roccati was an Italian scholar and poet. She was on her way to an illustrious academic career following a degree at the University of Bologna , only the third academic qualification ever bestowed on a woman by a European university, when economic problems impelled her return to the...
(1732–1797) - Clotilde TambroniClotilde TambroniClotilde Tambroni , was an Italian Philologist, linguist and poet. She was a professor in the Greek language at the University of Bologna in 1793-1798, and a professor in Greek and literature in 1800-1808.- Sources :...
(1758–1817), Italian philologist and linguistic - Petronella Johanna de TimmermanPetronella Johanna de TimmermanPetronella Johanna de Timmerman was a Dutch poet and scientist.Married in 1769 to Johann Friedrich Hennert, professor of mathematics, astronomy and philosophy. During her second marriage, she conducted scientific experiments and studied physics with her spouse. She was inducted as an honorary...
(1723–1786), Dutch scentist - Wang Zhenyi (1768-1797), Chinese astronomer
19th century
- Lovisa ÅrbergLovisa ÅrbergMaria Lovisa Åhrberg or Årberg , was a Swedish surgeon and doctor. She was the first recognised female doctor in Sweden. She was a doctor and a surgeon already in the 1820s, long before it was formally permitted for women in 1870...
(1801–1881) first woman doctor and surgeon in Sweden. - Elizabeth Cary Agassiz (1822–1907), American natural historian
- Elizabeth Garrett AndersonElizabeth Garrett AndersonElizabeth Garrett Anderson, LSA, MD , was an English physician and feminist, the first woman to gain a medical qualification in Britain and the first female mayor in England.-Early life:...
(1836–1917), British physician - Mary AnningMary AnningMary Anning was a British fossil collector, dealer and palaeontologist who became known around the world for a number of important finds she made in the Jurassic age marine fossil beds at Lyme Regis where she lived...
(1799–1847), British natural historian - Amalia AssurAmalia AssurAmalia Assur was the first female dentist in Sweden.Amalia Assur was the daughter of the Jewish dentist Joel Assur, "one of the first dentists in Sweden". Assur was active as her fathers assistant, and her brother was also a dentist. In 1852, she was given special permission from the Royal Board...
(1803-1889), Swedish dentist - Hertha Marks AyrtonHertha Marks AyrtonPhoebe Sarah Hertha Ayrton, née Marks was an English engineer, mathematician and inventor.- Life and work :...
(1854–1923), British physicist - Sara Josephine BakerSara Josephine BakerSara Josephine Baker was an American physician notable for contributions to public health in New York City...
(1873–1945), American doctor (child hygiene pioneer) - Florence BascomFlorence BascomFlorence Bascom was the first woman hired by the United States Geological Survey. She was of Huguenot and Basque ancestry....
(1862–1945), American geologist - Etheldred BenettEtheldred BenettEtheldred Benett was an early English geologist, the eldest daughter of Thomas Benett of Wiltshire and Catherine née Darell ; her brother, John , was a member of Parliament for Wiltshire and later South Wiltshire from 1819 to 1852...
(1776–1845), British geologist - Isabella BirdIsabella BirdIsabella Lucy Bird was a nineteenth-century English explorer, writer, and a natural historian.-Early life:Bird was born in Boroughbridge in 1831 and grew up in Tattenhall, Cheshire...
Bishop (1831–1904), British natural historian - Elizabeth Blackwell (1821–1910), American physician
- Emily BlackwellEmily BlackwellEmily Blackwell was the second woman to earn a medical degree at what is now Case Western Reserve University, and the third openly identified woman to earn a medical degree in the United States.-Biography:...
(1826–1910 ), American physician - Marie Gillain Boivin (1773–1841), French midwife
- Elizabeth Brown (d. 1899), British astronomer
- Mary Whiton CalkinsMary Whiton Calkins-Early life:Mary Whiton Calkins was born on March 30, 1863 in Hartford, Connecticut; she was the eldest of five children. She moved to Massachusetts in 1880 with her family to live for the rest of her life; this is also where she began her education. In 1882, Calkins entered into Smith College as...
(1863–1930), American psychologist - Annie Jump CannonAnnie Jump CannonAnnie Jump Cannon was an American astronomer whose cataloging work was instrumental in the development of contemporary stellar classification. With Edward C...
(1863–1941), American astronomer - Mary Agnes Meara Chase (1869–1963), American biologist
- Cornelia ClappCornelia ClappCornelia Maria Clapp was an American zoologist and academic specializing in marine biology.Born in Montague, Massachusetts, Clapp was educated at Mount Holyoke Seminary, the forerunner of today’s Mount Holyoke College, and graduated in 1871...
(1849–1934), American zoologist - Agnes Mary ClerkeAgnes Mary ClerkeAgnes Mary Clerke was an astronomer and writer, mainly in the field of astronomy. She was born in Skibbereen, County Cork, Ireland, and died in London.- Life and work :...
(1842–1907), British astronomer - Anna Botsford ComstockAnna Botsford ComstockAnna Botsford Comstock , was a US artist, educator, conservationist, and a leader of the nature study movement, born in Otto, New York, to Marvin and Phebe Irish Botsford....
(1854–1930), American natural historian - Florence Cushman American astronomer
- Lydia Maria Adams DeWittLydia Maria Adams DeWittLydia Maria Adams DeWitt, born Lydia Maria Adams was an U.S. pathologist.Lydia Maria Adams was born in Flint, Michigan, as second daughter of three children to Oscar and Elizabeth DeWitt ....
(1859–1928) American pathologist - Amalie DietrichAmalie DietrichKoncordie Amalie Dietrich was a German naturalist who was best known for her pioneering work in Australia, where she spent 10 years collecting specimens for the Museum Godeffroy in Hamburg.-Early life:...
(1821–1891), German natural historian - Maria Dalle DonneMaria Dalle DonneMaria Dalle Donne , was an Italian physician and a director at the University of Bologna. She was the first female doctorate in medicine, and the second woman to become a member of the Ordine de Benedettini Academici Pensionati....
(1778-1842), Italian physician - Marie DurocherMarie DurocherMarie Josefina Mathilde Durocher , was a Brazilian obstetrician, midwife and physician. She was the first female doctor in Latin America....
(1809–1893), Brazilian obstetrician, midwife and physician - Alice EastwoodAlice EastwoodAlice Eastwood was a Canadian American botanist. Born in Toronto, she moved to the United States at 14, and from age twenty to thirty, was a teacher in Denver, Colorado and taught herself botany. In 1890 she assumed a post in the herbarium at the California Academy of Sciences...
(1859–1953), American biologist - Rosa Smith EigenmannRosa Smith EigenmannRosa Smith Eigenmann was the first notable female ichthyologist; first publishing in her own right, she later collaborated with her husband Carl H. Eigenmann, and some 150 species of fish are today credited "Eigenmann & Eigenmann" as a result.She was born in Monmouth, Illinois, the last of nine...
(1858–1947), American biologist - Mileva Einstein-Maric (1875–1948), Serbian/Swiss physicist
- Ellen EgluiEllen EgluiEllen Eglui was the inventor of the clothes wringer for washing machines. She lived in Washington D.C....
(19th century) - Alice Cunningham FletcherAlice Cunningham FletcherAlice Cunningham Fletcher was an American ethnologist who studied and documented American Indian culture.-Biography:...
(1838–1923), American ethnologist - Williamina FlemingWilliamina Fleming-External links:* * * * from the Astronomical Society of the Pacific- Obituaries :*...
(1857–1911), Scottish/American astronomer - Rosalie FougelbergRosalie FougelbergRosalie Ingeborg Karolina Fougelberg is known as Sweden's first female dentist after the profession was opened to both genders....
(1841-1911) , Swedish dentist - Melanie HahnemannMelanie HahnemannMarie Melanie d'Hervilly Gohier Hahnemann , was a French physician in homeopathy, married in 1835 to Samuel Hahnemann. She was the first female doctor in homeopathy....
(1800-1878), French homepath - Hanna HammarströmHanna HammarströmHanna Hammarström , was a Swedish inventor and industrialist. She was the first Swede to develop telephone vires. She manufactured the vires for the first Swedish telephone net. She also exported internationally....
(1829-1909), Swedish inventor - Louise HammarströmLouise HammarströmLouise Katarina Hammarström , was a Swedish chemist. She was the first formally trained and educated Swedish chemist of her gender....
(1849-1917), Swedish chemist - Johanna HedénJohanna HedénJohanna Maria Hedén, née Bowall was a Swedish midwife, Feldsher, apothecary and barber. She is the first known licensed female feldsher in Sweden and as such the first known formally educated and trained female surgeon in Sweden....
(1837-1912), Swedish midwife, feldsher and barber. - Margaret Lindsay Murray HugginsMargaret Lindsay HugginsMargaret Lindsay, Lady Huggins , born Margaret Lindsay Murray, was an Irish scientific investigator and amateur astronomer. With her husband William Huggins she was a pioneer in the field of spectroscopy....
(1848–1915), British astronomer - Ida Henrietta HydeIda Henrietta HydeIda Henrietta Hyde was an American physiologist known for developing a micro-electrode powerful enough to stimulate tissue chemically or electronically, yet small enough to inject or remove tissue from a cell.-Childhood:...
(1857–1945), American biologist - Maria JanssonKisamorMaria Jansson, known in history as Kisamor , , was a Swedish natural doctor, the most famous female physician, and perhaps the most famous Swedish physician altogether, in the 19th century. She is the most famous example of a Cunning woman in her country...
(1788–1842), known as Kisamor, Swedish physician - Sophia Jex-BlakeSophia Jex-BlakeSophia Louisa Jex-Blake was an English physician, teacher and feminist. She was one of the first female doctors in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, a leading campaigner for medical education for women and was involved in founding two medical schools for women, in London and in...
(1840–1912), British physician - Mary Kies (19th century), American inventor
- Helen Dean KingHelen Dean KingHelen Dean King was an American biologist. Born at Owego, N. Y., she graduated from Vassar College in 1892 and in 1899 received her doctorate in philosophy from Bryn Mawr College, where she was fellow and student assistant in biology from 1897 to 1904...
(1869–1955), American biologist
- Sofia KovalevskayaSofia KovalevskayaSofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya , was the first major Russian female mathematician, responsible for important original contributions to analysis, differential equations and mechanics, and the first woman appointed to a full professorship in Northern Europe.She was also one of the first females to...
(1850–1891), Russian mathematician (partial differential equations, rotating solids, Abelian functions) - Christine Ladd-FranklinChristine Ladd-FranklinChristine Ladd-Franklin was the first American woman psychologist, logician, and mathematician.-Early Life and Early Education:...
(1847–1930), American psychologist - Henrietta Swan LeavittHenrietta Swan LeavittHenrietta Swan Leavitt was an American astronomer. A graduate of Radcliffe College, Leavitt went to work in 1893 at the Harvard College Observatory in a menial capacity as a "computer", assigned to count images on photographic plates...
(1868–1921), American astronomer - Jane Webb LoudonJane C. LoudonJane C. Webb Loudon was an early pioneer of science fiction, long before the term was invented, so that she was discussed for a century as a writer of Gothic fiction or fantasy or horror, though she did none of these things as we now categorize fiction...
(1807–1858), British botanist - Augusta Ada Byron LovelaceAda LovelaceAugusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace , born Augusta Ada Byron, was an English writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the analytical engine...
(1815–1851), British mathematician - Margaret Eliza MaltbyMargaret Eliza MaltbyMargaret Eliza Maltby was an American physicist notable for measurement of high electrolytic resistances and conductivity of very dilute solutions. She was the first woman to receive a PhD from Göttingen University.-Education:...
(1860–1944), American physicist - Jane Haldimand Marcet (1769–1858), British natural philosopher
- Annie Russell MaunderAnnie Scott Dill MaunderAnnie Scott Dill Maunder, née Russell was an Irish astronomer and mathematician.She was born in Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland to William Andrew Russell and Hessy Nesbitt Dill. Her father was the minister of the Presbyterian Church in Strabane until 1882.Annie received her secondary education at...
(1868–1947), Irish astronomer - Antonia Caetana MauryAntonia MauryAntonia Caetana de Paiva Pereira Maury was an American astronomer who published an important early catalog of stellar spectra.-Early life:Antonia Maury was born in Cold Spring, New York...
(1866–1952), American astronomer. - Olive Thorne Miller (1831–1918), American natural historian
- Maria MitchellMaria MitchellMaria Mitchell was an American astronomer, who in 1847, by using a telescope, discovered a comet which as a result became known as the "Miss Mitchell's Comet". She won a gold medal prize for her discovery which was presented to her by King Frederick VII of Denmark. The medal said “Not in vain do...
(1818–1889), American astronomer - Johanna MestorfJohanna MestorfJohanna Mestorf was a German prehistoric archaeologist, the first female museum director in the Kingdom of Prussia and usually said to be the first female professor in Germany.-Life and career:...
(1828-1909), German prehistoric archaeologist - Mary MurtfeldtMary Murtfeldt-Life:Mary Murtfeldt was one of four daughters of Charles W. Murtfeldt, a German-born agricultural writer. Though born in New York City, she grew up in Rockford, Illinois and lived most of her life with her father and sister in Kirkwood, Missouri. Crippled by polio in her youth, she needed crutches...
(1848–1913), American biologist - Florence NightingaleFlorence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale OM, RRC was a celebrated English nurse, writer and statistician. She came to prominence for her pioneering work in nursing during the Crimean War, where she tended to wounded soldiers. She was dubbed "The Lady with the Lamp" after her habit of making rounds at night...
(1820–1910), British nurse and statistician - Eleanor Anne OrmerodEleanor Anne OrmerodEleanor Anne Ormerod was an English entomologist. She was a daughter of George Ormerod, F.R.S., author of The History of Cheshire, and was born at Sedbury Park, Gloucestershire. From early childhood insects were her interest and she had great opportunities to study them in the large estate where...
(1828–1901), British biologist - Edith Marion PatchEdith Marion PatchEdith Marion Patch was a U.S. entomologist and writer.Born in Worcester, Massachusetts, she received a degree in English from the University of Minnesota in 1901 and originally embarked on a career as an English teacher before receiving the opportunity to organize the entomology department at the...
(1876–1954), American biologist - Mary Engle PenningtonMary Engle PenningtonMary Engle Pennington was an American bacteriological chemist and refrigeration engineer.-Early Life and Education:...
(1872–1952), American chemist - Almira Hart Lincoln PhelpsAlmira Hart Lincoln PhelpsAlmira Hart Lincoln Phelps was an American educator and author during the 19th century. Phelps published several popular science textbooks in the fields of botany, chemistry, and geology.- Life :...
(1793–1884), American science educator - Beatrix PotterBeatrix PotterHelen Beatrix Potter was an English author, illustrator, natural scientist and conservationist best known for her imaginative children’s books featuring animals such as those in The Tale of Peter Rabbit which celebrated the British landscape and country life.Born into a privileged Unitarian...
(1866–1943), British mycologist - Emmy RappeEmmy RappeEmmy Carolina Rappe , was a Swedish nurse and principal for a nursing school. She was one of the pioneers and founders of the Swedish nursing education....
(1835-1896), Swedish nurse - Mary Jane RathbunMary RathbunMary J. Rathbun was an American zoologist who specialized in crustaceans. She worked at the Smithsonian Institution, often unaided, from 1884 until her death...
(1860–1943), American marine biologist - Ellen Swallow RichardsEllen Swallow RichardsEllen Henrietta Swallow Richards was the foremost female industrial and environmental chemist in the United States in the 19th century, pioneering the field of home economics. Richards graduated from Westford Academy...
(1842–1911), American industrial and environmental chemist - Emily Roebling (1844–1903), American civil engineer
- Clémence RoyerClémence RoyerClémence Royer was a self-taught French scholar who lectured and wrote on economics, philosophy, science and feminism...
(1830–1902), French anthropologist - Ethel SargantEthel SargantEthel Sargant was a British botanist.She was the third daughter of Henry Sargant of Lincoln's Inn, and Emma Beale, and was educated at the North London Collegiate School and, from 1881 to 1885, at Girton College, Cambridge....
(1863–1918), British biologist - Ellen Churchill SempleEllen Churchill SempleEllen Churchill Semple was an American geographer. Ellen was born in Louisville, Kentucky, the youngest of five children by Alexander Bonner Semple and Emerine Price. She is most closely associated with work in anthropogeography and environmentalism...
(1863–1932), American geographer - Annie Lorrain SmithAnnie Lorrain SmithAnnie Lorrain Smith was a British lichenologist whose Lichens was an essential textbook for several decades...
(1854–1937), British lichenologist and mycologist - Mary SomervilleMary SomervilleMary Fairfax Somerville was a Scottish science writer and polymath, at a time when women's participation in science was discouraged...
(1780–1872), British physicist - Anna SundströmAnna SundströmAnna Sundström, born as Anna Christina Persdotter, , was a Swedish chemist. She was the assistant of the chemist and scientist Jöns Jacob Berzelius from 1808 to 1836. Anna Sundström has been referred to as the first female chemist in Sweden.Anna Persdotter was the daughter of the farmer Per...
(1785-1871), Swedish chemist - Mary TreatMary Lua Adelia Davis TreatMary Lua Adelia Davis was a naturalist and correspondent with Charles Darwin....
(1830-1923) - American naturalist - Nettie StevensNettie StevensNettie Maria Stevens was an early American geneticist. She and Edmund Beecher Wilson were the first researchers to describe the chromosomal basis of sex....
(1861–1912), American geneticist - Lucy Hobbs TaylorLucy Hobbs Taylor-External links:*...
(1833–1910), American dentist - Jeanne Villepreux-PowerJeanne Villepreux-PowerJeanne Villepreux-Power was a pioneering female French marine biologist who in 1832 was the first person to create aquaria for experimenting with aquatic organisms....
(1794–1871), French marine biologist - Mary Walker (1832–1919), American surgeon
- Margaret Floy WashburnMargaret Floy Washburn'Margaret Floy Washburn , leading American psychologist in the early 20th century, was best known for her experimental work in animal behavior and motor theory development...
(1871–1939), American psychologist - Sarah Frances WhitingSarah Frances WhitingSarah Frances Whiting , American physicist and astronomer, was the instructor to several astronomers, including Annie Jump Cannon.-Biography:Whiting graduated from Ingham University in 1865....
(1846–1927), American astronomer and physicist http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Whiting,_Sarah_Frances@944123456.html - Mary Watson Whitney (1847–1921), American astronomer
- Karolina WiderströmKarolina WiderströmKarolina Olivia Widerström, , was a Swedish doctor and gynecologist. She was the first official female physician with a university education in her country. She was also a feminist and a politician, and engaged in the questions of sexual education and female suffrage...
(1856–1949), Swedish physician - Anna WinlockAnna WinlockAnna Winlock) was an American astronomer and daughter of Joseph Winlock. Like her father she was a computer and astronomer...
(1857–1904), American astronomer
20th century
- Faye Ajzenberg-Selove (1926- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Ajzenberg_Selove,Fay@88123456.html, American nuclear physicist, (2007 US National Medal of Science)
- Fredika Mikles Robertson, American cancer researcher
- Claudia AlexanderClaudia AlexanderClaudia J. Alexander, Ph.D., is an African American research scientist specializing in geophysics and planetary science. She has worked for the United States Geological Survey and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration...
, American planetary scientist - E.K. Janaki Ammal (1897-1984) Indian botanist
- Asha Kolte, Indian Biologist (1941-)http://www.springerlink.com/content/2wqp86212t613w1h/http://ashakolte.blogspot.com/
- Betsy Ancker-Johnson (1929- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Ancker-Johnson,_Betsy@841234567.html, American plasma physicist
- Caroline Austin, British molecular biologist http://www.ncl.ac.uk/biomedicine/research/groups/profile/caroline.austin
- Hertha Marks AyrtonHertha Marks AyrtonPhoebe Sarah Hertha Ayrton, née Marks was an English engineer, mathematician and inventor.- Life and work :...
(1854–1923), British mathematician and electrical engineer (electric arcs, sand ripples, invention of several devices, geometry) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Ayrton,_Hertha_Marks@841234567.html - Zonia BaberZonia BaberMary Arizona "Zonia" Baber was an American geographer and geologist. She is best known for developing a method for teaching geography. Baber initially worked as a teacher of geography and as a principal in a private school...
(1862-1955), American geographer and geologist - Milla Baldo-Ceolin http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Baldo-Ceolin,_Milla@960123456.html, Italian particle physicist
- Yvonne BarrYvonne BarrYvonne Barr is a British virologist. She assisted Michael Anthony Epstein in the discovery of the Epstein-Barr virus . Barr graduated from the University of London in 1966 with a Ph.D. Later in her life, she married an Australian, and moved to his home country.-External links:*...
(1932- ), British virologist (co-discovery of Epstein-Barr virus) - Gillian BatesGillian BatesGillian Patricia Bates FMedSci FRS is a British biologist. She is distinguished for her research into the molecular basis of Huntington's disease. As of 2009, she is Professor of Neurogenetics in the Medical and Molecular Genetics Department of King's College London.-Research:Bates's research has...
, British geneticist (Huntingdon's disease) - Ruth BenedictRuth BenedictRuth Benedict was an American anthropologist, cultural relativist, and folklorist....
(1887–1948), American anthropologist - Val Beral (1946- ), British–Australian epidemiologist
- Susan BlackmoreSusan BlackmoreSusan Jane Blackmore is an English freelance writer, lecturer, and broadcaster on psychology and the paranormal, perhaps best known for her book The Meme Machine.-Career:...
(1951- ), British science writer (memetics, evolutionary theory, consciousness, parapsychology) - Mary Adela BlaggMary Adela BlaggMary Adela Blagg was an English astronomer.She was born in Cheadle, Staffordshire, and lived her entire life there. Mary was the daughter of a solicitor, John Charles Blagg, and France Caroline Foottit. She trained herself in mathematics by reading her brother's textbooks...
(1858–1944), British astronomer - Marietta BlauMarietta BlauMarietta Blau was an Austrian physicist. After having obtained the general certificate of education from the girls' high school run by the Association for the Extended Education of Women, she studied physics and mathematics at the University of Vienna from 1914 to 1918; her Ph. D...
(1894–1970) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Blau,_Marietta@843727247.html, German experimental particle physicist - Katharine Blodgett (1898–1979) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Blodgett,_Katharine_Burr@844123456.html, American thin-film physicist
- Christiane Bonnelle http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Bonnelle,_Christiane@871234567.html, French spectroscopist
- Alice Middleton BoringAlice Middleton BoringAlice Middleton Boring was an American biologist and zoologist.- Biography :...
(1883–1955), American biologist - Lera BoroditskyLera BoroditskyLera Boroditsky is an Assistant Professor of Psychology at Stanford University and Editor in Chief of Frontiers in Cultural Psychology. Professor Boroditsky does research in cognitive science with a specific focus on cognitive linguistics. She studies language and cognition, specifically...
, American psychologist - Jenny Rosenthal Bramley (1909–1997), Lithuanian-American physicist http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Bramley,_Jenny_Rosenthal@901234567.html, http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/biography/bramley.html
- Harriet BrooksHarriet BrooksHarriet Brooks was the first Canadian woman nuclear physicist. She is most famous for her research on nuclear transmutations and radioactivity. Ernest Rutherford, who guided her graduate work, regarded her as being next to Marie Curie in the calibre of her aptitude.She was born in Exeter, Ontario...
(1876–1933) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Brooks,_Harriet@842580299.html, American radiation physicist - Dorothy Lavinia BrownDorothy Lavinia BrownDr. Dorothy Lavinia Brown , also known as "Dr. D.", was an African American surgeon, legislator, and teacher. She was the first female surgeon of African American ancestry from the Southeastern United States...
(1919–2004), American surgeon - A. Catrina BryceA. Catrina BryceAnn Catrina Bryce is a Scottish electrical engineer and professor at the University of Glasgow specialising in semiconductor lasers- Life :...
(1956-), Scottish laser scientist - Linda B. BuckLinda B. BuckLinda Brown Buck is an American biologist best known for her work on the olfactory system. She was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Richard Axel, for their work on olfactory receptors....
(1947- ), American neuroscientist (Nobel prize for olfactory receptors) - Margaret BurbidgeMargaret BurbidgeEleanor Margaret Burbidge, née Peachey, FRS is a British-born American astrophysicist, noted for original research and holding many administrative posts, including director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory....
(1919- ), British astrophysicist http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Burbidge,_E._Margaret@932123456.html - Jocelyn Bell BurnellJocelyn Bell BurnellSusan Jocelyn Bell Burnell, DBE, FRS, FRAS , is a British astrophysicist. As a postgraduate student she discovered the first radio pulsars with her thesis supervisor Antony Hewish. She was president of the Institute of Physics from October 2008 until October 2010, and was interim president...
(1943- ), British astrophysicist (discovery of radio pulsars) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Burnell,_Jocelyn_Bell@841234567.html - Nina ByersNina ByersNina Byers is a theoretical physicist, Research Professor and Professor of Physics emeritus in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA. have mainly been in...
(1930- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Byers,_Nina@931234567.html, American physicist - Annie Jump CannonAnnie Jump CannonAnnie Jump Cannon was an American astronomer whose cataloging work was instrumental in the development of contemporary stellar classification. With Edward C...
(1863–1941), American astronomer - Mary L. Cartwright (1900–1998) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Cartwright,_Mary_Lucy@951234567.html
- Yvette CauchoisYvette CauchoisYvette Cauchois was a French physicist known for her contributions to x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray optics...
(1908–1999) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Cauchois,_Yvette@871234567.html - Margaret ChanMargaret ChanMargaret Chan Fung Fu-chun, OBE JP is the Director-General of the World Health Organization . Chan was elected by the Executive Board of the WHO on 8 November 2006, and was endorsed in a special meeting of the World Health Assembly on the following day...
(1947- ), Chinese-Canadian health administrator; director of the World Health Organization - Martha ChaseMartha ChaseMartha Cowles Chase , also known as Martha C. Epstein, was an American geneticist famously known for being a member of the 1952 team which experimentally showed that DNA rather than protein is the genetic material of life. She was greatly respected as a geneticist. Chase was born in 1927 in...
(1927–2003), American molecular biologist - Amanda ChessellAmanda ChessellAmanda Chessell is a computer scientist and a Distinguished Engineer at IBM. She has a record of prolific middleware inventiveness and has been awarded the title of IBM Master Inventor...
computer scientist - Yvonne Choquet-BruhatYvonne Choquet-BruhatYvonne Choquet-Bruhat is a French mathematician and physicist. She was the first woman to be elected to the Académie des Sciences Française and is a Grand Officier of the Légion d'honneur....
(1923- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Choquet-Bruhat,_Yvonne@922345678.html, French theoretical physicist - Patricia Cladis (1937- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Cladis,_Patricia_Elizabeth@959037368.html
- Astrid CleveAstrid CleveAstrid M. Cleve von Euler was a Swedish botanist, geologist, chemist and researcher at Uppsala University. She was the first female in Sweden to obtain a doctoral degree of science.-Life:...
(1875-1968), Swedish chemist
- Janine Connes http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Connes,_Janine@841234567.html
- Esther Conwell (1922- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Conwell,_Esther_Marly@841873837.html
- Ursula M. CowgillUrsula CowgillUrsula Moser Cowgill is a biologist and anthropologist who worked for Yale University, Dow Chemical Company and the University of Colorado during the second half of the 20th century...
, American biologist and anthropologist - Suzanne CorySuzanne CorySuzanne Cory, AC, FAA, FRS is an Australian biologist.Cory is the current President of the Australian Academy of Science. She is the first-elected female President of the Academy and took office on 7 May 2010 for a five year term...
(1942- ), Australian immunologist/cancer researcher - Heather CouperHeather CouperHeather Anita Couper CBE CPhys is a British astronomer who popularized astronomy in the 1980s and 1990s on British television. She is a former president of the British Astronomical Association from 1984 to 1986.-Early life:...
(1949- ), British astronomer (astronomy popularisation, science education) - Gerty Theresa Cori (1896–1957), American biochemist (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947)
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie (1867–1934), Polish-French chemist (pioneer in radiology, discovery of polonium and radium) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Curie,_Marie_Sklodowska@812345678.html
- Janet DarbyshireJanet DarbyshireJanet Howard Darbyshire, CBE is a British epidemiologist and science administrator.Darbyshire joined the Medical Research Council in 1974, first co-ordinating clinical trials and epidemiological studies of tuberculosis, asthma and other respiratory diseases in the UK and East Africa for the MRC...
, British epidemiologist - Ingrid DaubechiesIngrid DaubechiesIngrid Daubechies is a Belgian physicist and mathematician. She was between 2004 and 2011 the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor in the mathematics and applied mathematics departments at Princeton University. In January 2011 she moved to Duke University as a Professor in mathematics. She is the first...
, (1954- ) Belgian mathematician (Wavelets - first woman to receive the National Academy of Sciences Award in Mathematics) - Eleanor Davies-ColleyEleanor Davies-ColleyEleanor Davies-Colley FRCS was a British surgeon. Among the earliest women in the UK to pursue a career in surgery, at that time an almost entirely male-dominated profession, she was also the co-founder of the South London Hospital for Women and Children.-Early life:Born at Petworth in Sussex, her...
(1874–1934), British surgeon (first female FRCS) - Cécile DeWitt-MoretteCécile DeWitt-MoretteCécile Andrée Paule DeWitt-Morette is a French mathematician and physicist. She founded a summer school at Les Houches in the French Alps. For this and her publications, she was awarded the American Society of the French Legion of Honor 2007 Medal for Distinguished Achievement...
(1922- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/DeWitt-Morette,_Cecile@862345678.html - Louise DolanLouise DolanLouise Ann Dolan is an American mathematical physicist and professor of physics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She does research in theoretical particle physics and superstring theory.-Biography:...
http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Dolan,_Louise@901234567.html - Nancy M. Dowdy (1938- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Dowdy,_Nancy_M._O%27Fallon@941234567.html
- Mildred DresselhausMildred DresselhausMildred S. Dresselhaus is an Institute Professor and Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology....
(1930- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Dresselhaus,_Mildred_Spiewak@846925666.html - Helen Flanders DunbarHelen Flanders DunbarHelen Flanders Dunbar — later known as H. Flanders Dunbar — is an important early figure in U.S. psychosomatic medicine and psychobiology, as well as being an important advocate of physicians and clergy co-operating in their efforts to care for the sick.-Life:Eldest child of a well-to-do family —...
(1902–1959) important early figure in U.S. psychosomatic medicinePsychosomatic illnessPsychosomatic medicine is an interdisciplinary medical field studying the relationships of social, psychological, and behavioral factors on bodily processes and well-being in humans and animals...
.http://www.psych.yorku.ca/femhop/Helen%20Dunbar.htm - Helen T. EdwardsHelen T. EdwardsHelen Thom Edwards is an American physicist. She led the effort to design and build the Tevatron, then the world's highest energyparticle acceleratorand the first high-energy accelerator completely based on superconducting magnets....
(1936- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Edwards,_Helen_T.@881234567.html - Tatjana Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa (1876–1964) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Ehrenfest-Afanaseva,_Tatiana@900123456.html
- Gertrude B. Elion (1918–1999), American biochemist (Nobel prize for drug development)
- Magda Ericson (1929- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Ericson,_Magda_Galula@881345678.html
- Sandra Faber (1944- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Faber,_Sandra_Moore@931234567.html
- Claire FaginClaire FaginClaire M. Fagin, RN, Ph.D, FAAN is an American nurse, educator, academic, and consultant. She has a Bachelor's Degree in Science from Wagner College, a Master's in Nursing from Columbia University and a Ph.D from New York University, all in New York City....
, American health-care researcher - Dian FosseyDian FosseyDian Fossey was an American zoologist who undertook an extensive study of gorilla groups over a period of 18 years. She studied them daily in the mountain forests of Rwanda, initially encouraged to work there by famous anthropologist Louis Leakey...
(1932–1985), American zoologist http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/dianfossey.html - Rosalind FranklinRosalind FranklinRosalind Elsie Franklin was a British biophysicist and X-ray crystallographer who made critical contributions to the understanding of the fine molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal and graphite...
(1920–1957), British physical chemist and crystallographer - Ursula FranklinUrsula FranklinUrsula Martius Franklin, , is a Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author and educator who has taught at the University of Toronto for more than 40 years...
(1921-), Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author and educator - Judy Franz (1938- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Franz,_Judy_R.@921234567.html
- Phyllis S. Freier (1921–1992) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Freier,_Phyllis_S.@921234567.html
- Mary K. Gaillard (1939- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Gaillard,_Mary_Katharine@847418063.html
- Birutė GaldikasBirute GaldikasBirutė Marija Filomena Galdikas, OC , is a primatologist, conservationist, ethologist, and author of several books relating to the endangered orangutan, particularly the Bornean orangutan. Well known in the field of modern primatology, Galdikas is recognized as a leading authority on orangutans...
(1946- ), German primatologist and conservationist - Fanny Gates (1872–1931) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Gates,_Fanny_Cook@842511724.html
- Kate GleasonKate GleasonCatherine Anselm "Kate" Gleason was an American engineer and businesswoman known both for being a revolutionary in the predominantly male field of engineering and for her philanthropy.-Early life and Gleason Works:...
(1865–1933), American engineer - Ellen Gleditsch (1879–1968) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Gleditsch,_Ellen@842345678.html
- Claire F. GmachlClaire F. GmachlClaire F. Gmachl is Professor of Electrical Engineering at Princeton University. She is best known for her work in the development of quantum cascade lasers.-Education and honors:...
, American physicist - Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906–1972), German-American physicist http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Mayer,_Maria_Goeppert@844444444.html
- Jane GoodallJane GoodallDame Jane Morris Goodall, DBE , is a British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist, and UN Messenger of Peace. Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 45-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National...
(1934 - ), British biologist, primatologist http://www.janegoodall.org/ - Gertrude Scharff GoldhaberGertrude Scharff GoldhaberGertrude Scharff Goldhaber was a German-born Jewish-American nuclear physicist. She earned her PhD. from the University of Munich, and though her family suffered during The Holocaust, Gertrude was able to escape to London and later to the United States. Her research during World War II was...
(1911–1998) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Goldhaber,_Gertrude_Scharff@812345678.html - Sulamith GoldhaberSulamith GoldhaberSulamith Goldhaber was a high-energy physicist and molecular spectroscopist. Goldhaber was a world expert on the interactions of K+ mesons with nucleons and made numerous discoveries relating to it.-Biography:...
(1923–1965) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Goldhaber,_Sulamith@812345678.html - Evelyn Boyd GranvilleEvelyn Boyd GranvilleEvelyn Boyd Granville was the second African-American woman in the U.S. to receive a PhD in mathematics....
(1924- ) - Susan GreenfieldSusan GreenfieldSusan Adele Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield, CBE is a British scientist, writer, broadcaster, and member of the House of Lords. Greenfield, whose specialty is the physiology of the brain, has worked to research and bring attention to Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.Greenfield is...
(1951- ), British neurophysiologist (neurophysiology of the brain, popularisation of science) - Gail Hanson (1947- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Hanson,_Gail_Gulledge@841234567.html
- Anna J. HarrisonAnna J. HarrisonAnna Jane Harrison was an American organic chemist and a professor of chemistry at Mount Holyoke College for nearly forty years.-Life:...
(1912–1998), American organic chemist - Evans Hayward (1922- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Hayward,_Evans@901234567.html
- Caroline Herzenberg (1932- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Herzenberg,_Caroline_Littlejohn@8212345678.html
- Dorothy Crowfoot HodgkinDorothy Crowfoot HodgkinDorothy Mary Hodgkin OM, FRS , née Crowfoot, was a British chemist, credited with the development of protein crystallography....
(1910–1994), British X-ray crystallographer http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Hodgkin,_Dorothy_Crowfoot@841234567.html - Grace HopperGrace HopperRear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper was an American computer scientist and United States Navy officer. A pioneer in the field, she was one of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I computer, and developed the first compiler for a computer programming language...
(1906–1992), American computer scientist - Clara ImmerwahrClara ImmerwahrClara Immerwahr was a Jewish-German chemist and the wife of fellow chemist Fritz Haber.-Education:Immerwahr studied at the University of Breslau, attaining her degree and a Ph.D. in chemistry. She was the first woman Ph.D. at the University of Breslau.-Marriage and work:Immerwahr married Haber in...
(1870–1915), German chemist - Shirley Jackson (physicist)Shirley Jackson (physicist)Shirley Ann Jackson is an American physicist, and the 18th president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. She received her Ph.D. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1973, becoming the first African American woman to earn a doctorate from MIT.-Early life and...
(1946- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Jackson,_Shirley_Ann@921234567.html - Bertha Swirles JeffreysBertha SwirlesBertha Swirles, Lady Jeffreys , carried out research on quantum theory, particularly in its early days. She was associated with Girton College, University of Cambridge, as student and Fellow, for over 70 years....
(1903–1999) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Jeffreys,_Bertha_Swirles@844118401.html
- Irène Joliot-CurieIrène Joliot-CurieIrène Joliot-Curie was a French scientist, the daughter of Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity. This made the Curies...
(1897–1956), French chemist and nuclear physicist http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Joliot-Curie,_Irene@841891460.html - Lorella M. Jones (1943-1995), American particle physicist http://physics.illinois.edu/people/memorials/l-jones.asp
- Carole JordanCarole JordanProfessor Dame Carole Jordan, DBE, FRS, FInstP, was the first ever female president of the Royal Astronomical Society. She was also only the third female recipient of its Gold Medal .-Education:Carole Jordan was educated at Harrow County Grammar School for Girls and at University College London...
(1941- ), British solar physicist - Renata KalloshRenata KalloshRenata Kallosh is a well-known theoretical physicist. She is a professor at Department of Physics, Stanford University. She is well-known for her contributions to string theory, in particular finding the first models of accelerated expansion of the universe in low energy supersymmetric...
(1943- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Kallosh,_Renata@882345678.html - Berta KarlikBerta KarlikBerta Karlik was an Austrian physicist.She discovered that the element 85 astatine is a product of the natural decay processes. The element was first synthesized in 1940 by Dale R. Corson, K. R...
(1904–1990) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Karlik,_Berta@900123456.html - Bruria KaufmanBruria KaufmanBruria Kaufman was an Israeli theoretical physicist. She contributed to Albert Einstein's Theory of general relativity and to statistical physics. She is well-known for her studies of derivation using spinor analysis of the exact result of Lars Onsager on the partition function of the...
(1918–2010 ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Kaufman,_Bruria@862345678.html - Marcia Keith (1859–1950) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Keith,_Marcia_Anna@941234567.html
- Ann KiesslingAnn KiesslingDr. Ann A. Kiessling is an American reproductive biologist and is currently one of the leaders in human parthenogenic stem cell research at The Bedford Stem Cell Research Foundation. She also has an appointment in the Department of Surgery at Harvard Medical SchoolDr. Kiessling is noted for her...
(1942- ) - Margaret Kivelson (1928- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Kivelson,_Margaret_Galland@881234567.html
- Dorothea KlumpkeDorothea KlumpkeDorothea Klumpke Roberts was an astronomer.-Biography:Her father, John Gerard Klumpke , was a German immigrant who had come to California in 1850 with the Gold Rush and had later become a successful realtor in San Francisco...
(1861–1942), American-born astronomer - Noemie Benczer KollerNoemie Benczer KollerNoemie Benczer Koller is a nuclear physicist. She was the first tenured female professor of Rutgers College.-Biography:Born in Vienna, Austria, Noemie Benczer Koller moved frequently in her early childhood due to the turbulence of war. After escaping occupied France with her family, she attended a...
(1933- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Koller,_Noemie_Benczer@934123456.html - Doris Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf (1922–2010) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf,_Doris@900123456.html
- Stephanie KwolekStephanie KwolekStephanie Louise Kwolek is a Polish-American chemist who invented poly-paraphenylene terephtalamide—better known as Kevlar. She was born in the Pittsburgh suburb of New Kensington, Pennsylvania. Kwolek has won numerous awards for her work in polymer chemistry.- Early life and education :Kwolek was...
(1923- ), American chemist, inventor of KevlarKevlarKevlar is the registered trademark for a para-aramid synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora. Developed at DuPont in 1965, this high strength material was first commercially used in the early 1970s as a replacement for steel in racing tires... - Elizabeth LairdElizabeth LairdElizabeth Laird is an author of many books for children, including picture books and books for older children. Her novels include Red Sky in the Morning, Secrets of the Fearless and Kiss the Dust.-Biography:...
(1874–1969) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Laird,_Elizabeth_Rebecca@944123456.html - Henrietta Leavitt, (1868–1921), American astronomer (periodicity of variable stars)
- Juliet Lee-Franzini (1933- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Lee-Franzini,_Juliet@901234567.html
- Inge LehmannInge LehmannInge Lehmann FRS , was a Danish seismologist who, in 1936, argued that the Earth's core is not one single molten sphere, but that an inner core exists which has physical properties that are different from those of the outer core.-Life:Inge Lehmann was born and grew up in Østerbro, a part of...
(1888–1993) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Lehmann,_Inge@81234567.html - Rita Levi-MontalciniRita Levi-MontalciniRita Levi-Montalcini , Knight Grand Cross is an Italian neurologist who, together with colleague Stanley Cohen, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of nerve growth factor...
(1909- ), Italian neurologist (Nobel prize for growth factors)
- Kathleen LonsdaleKathleen LonsdaleDame Kathleen Lonsdale, DBE FRS was a crystallographer, who established the structure of benzene by X-ray diffraction methods in 1929, and hexachlorobenzene by Fourier spectral methods in 1931...
(1903–1971) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Lonsdale,_Kathleen_Yardley@8480138866.html - Misha MahowaldMisha MahowaldDr. Michelle Mahowald was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota.-Life and career:As a young girl, she used the name Misha as a nom-de-plume in her diary, but later adopted it as her official name. After graduating high school, she attended the California Institute of Technology, graduating with a...
(1963–1996), American neuroscientist http://www.witi.com/center/witimuseum/halloffame/1996/mmahowald.php - Margaret Eliza MaltbyMargaret Eliza MaltbyMargaret Eliza Maltby was an American physicist notable for measurement of high electrolytic resistances and conductivity of very dilute solutions. She was the first woman to receive a PhD from Göttingen University.-Education:...
(1860–1944), American physicist http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Maltby,_Margaret_Eliza@901234567.html - Louisa MartindaleLouisa MartindaleDr. Louisa Martindale, CBE, MB/BS , FRCOG, JP was an English physician, surgeon, and writer. She also served as magistrate on the Brighton bench, was a prison commissioner and a member of the National Council of Women...
(1872–1966), British surgeon - Lynn MargulisLynn MargulisLynn Margulis was an American biologist and University Professor in the Department of Geosciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. She is best known for her theory on the origin of eukaryotic organelles, and her contributions to the endosymbiotic theory, which is now generally accepted...
(1938- ), American biologist - Barbara McClintockBarbara McClintockBarbara McClintock , the 1983 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, was an American scientist and one of the world's most distinguished cytogeneticists. McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927, where she was a leader in the development of maize cytogenetics...
(1902–1992), American geneticist - Anne McLarenAnne McLarenThe Hon. Dame Anne Laura Dorinthea McLaren, DBE, FRS, FRCOG was the daughter of Henry McLaren, 2nd Baron Aberconway and Christabel McNaughten. She became a leading figure in developmental biology. Her work helped lead to human in vitro fertilisation...
(1927–2007), British developmental biologist - Helen Megaw (1907- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Megaw,_Helen@851234567.html
- Lise MeitnerLise MeitnerLise Meitner FRS was an Austrian-born, later Swedish, physicist who worked on radioactivity and nuclear physics. Meitner was part of the team that discovered nuclear fission, an achievement for which her colleague Otto Hahn was awarded the Nobel Prize...
(1878–1968), Austrian nuclear physicist (pioneering nuclear physics, discovery of nuclear fission, protactinum, and the Auger effect) - Maud MentenMaud MentenMaud Leonora Menten was a Canadian medical scientist who made significant contributions to enzyme kinetics and histochemistry. Her name is associated with the famous Michaelis-Menten equation in biochemistry.Maud Menten was born in Port Lambton, Ontario and studied medicine at the University of...
(1879–1960), Canadian biochemist - Kirstine MeyerKirstine MeyerKirstine Bjerrum Meyer was a Danish physicist. She was a high school teacher for many years, working on her education and research in physics at the same time...
(1861–1941) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Meyer,_Kirstine_Bjerrum@944123456.html - Luise Meyer-SchutzmeisterLuise Meyer-SchützmeisterLuise Meyer-Schützmeister was a senior physicist at the Argonne National Laboratory and she aided in the measurement of gamma rays produced in nuclear reactions and also conducted studies on the behavior of nuclei...
(1915–1981) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Meyer-Schutzmeister,_Luise@841234567.html - Ann Haven MorganAnn Haven MorganAnn Haven Morgan was an American zoologist and ecologist.One of three offspring of Stanley G. Morgan and Julia A. Douglass Morgan, Anna Morgan was born in Waterford, Connecticut and attended Williams Memorial Institute in New London, Connecticut. In 1902, Anna joined Wellesley College then...
(1882–1966), American zoologist
- Anna NagurneyAnna NagurneyAnna Nagurney is a Ukrainian-American mathematician, economist, educator and author in the field of Operations Management. Nagurney holds the John F. Smith Memorial Professorship in the Isenberg School of Management at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst....
Canadian-born, US operations researcher/management scientist focusing on networks - Chiara NappiChiara NappiChiara R. Nappi is an Italian physicist. Her research areas have included mathematical physics, particle physics, and string theory.-Academic career:...
, Italian American physicist - Ann NelsonAnn NelsonThis article is for Ann Elizabeth Nelson the physicist, not actress Ann Nelson who played Mrs. Berg on Fame . Ann Elizabeth Nelson is a particle physicist at the University of Washington. She was a student of Howard Georgi and has been a member of the university's Particle Theory Group since 1994...
(1958- ), American physicist - Marcia NeugebauerMarcia NeugebauerMarcia Neugebauer is a prominent American geophysicist who made important contributions to space physics. Neugebauer's pioneering research yielded the first direct measurements of the solar wind and shed light on its physics and interaction with comets.Neugebauer was a primary investigator of the...
, http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Neugebauer,_Marcia@931234567.html - Gertrude NeumarkGertrude NeumarkGertrude Fanny Neumark, also known as Gertrude Neumark Rothschild, was an American physicist, most noted for her work in semiconducting materials and phosphors....
(1927- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Neumark,_Gertrude_Fanny@900123456.html - Ida Tacke Noddack (1896–1979) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Noddack,_Ida_Tacke@844157201.html
- Emmy NoetherEmmy NoetherAmalie Emmy Noether was an influential German mathematician known for her groundbreaking contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics. Described by David Hilbert, Albert Einstein and others as the most important woman in the history of mathematics, she revolutionized the theories of...
(1882–1935), German mathematician and theoretical physicist (symmetries and conservation laws) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Noether,_Amalie_Emmy@861234567.html - Christiane Nüsslein-VolhardChristiane Nüsslein-VolhardChristiane Nüsslein-Volhard is a German biologist who won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, together with Eric Wieschaus and Edward B...
(1942- ), German geneticist and developmental biologist (Nobel prize for homeobox genes) - Daphne OsborneDaphne OsborneDaphne J. Osborne was a British plant scientist. Her research in the field of plant physiology spanned five decades and resulted in over two hundred papers, twenty of which were published in Nature...
(1930–2006), British plant physiologist (plant hormones) - Donna Osif (20th century), meteorologist http://www.cis.vt.edu/ws/SLprojects/Cathy/slp2.html
- Cecilia Payne-GaposchkinCecilia Payne-Gaposchkin-Further reading:*Rubin, Vera , "Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin" in OUT OF THE SHADOWS: Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics, Nina Byers and Gary Williams, ed., Cambridge University Press ....
(1900–1978), British-American astronomer - Marguerite PereyMarguerite PereyMarguerite Catherine Perey was a French physicist. In 1939, Perey discovered the element francium by purifying samples of lanthanum that contained actinium. She was a student of Marie Curie...
(1909–1975) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Perey,_Marguerite_Catherine@839289119.html - Rózsa PéterRózsa PéterRózsa Péter , Hungarian name Péter Rózsa, was a Hungarian mathematician. She is best known for her work with recursion theory....
(1905–1977) Hungarian mathematician - Melba PhillipsMelba PhillipsMelba Newell Phillips was an American physicist and science educator. She completed her doctoral studies under J. Robert Oppenheimer and was also known for refusing to testify before a U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee's subcommittee on internal security, her actions leading to her dismissal by...
(1907–2004) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Phillips,_Melba_Newell@851234567.html - Agnes PockelsAgnes PockelsAgnes Luise Wilhelmine Pockels , was a German pioneer in chemistry.-Biography:In 1862, she was born in Venice, Italy. Her father served in the Austrian army. When he fell sick with malaria, the family moved to Brunswick, Lower Saxony in 1871. Already as a child, Agnes was interested in science and...
(1862–1935) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Pockels,_Agnes@871234567.html - P. Ya. Polubarinova-Kochina (1899- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Polubarinova-Kochina,_P._Ya.@921234567.html
- Edith Quimby (1891–1982) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Quimby,_Edith_Hinkley@842345678.html
- Helen QuinnHelen QuinnHelen Rhoda Quinn is an Australian-born particle physicist. She went to school in Victoria, Australia and entered college at the University of Melbourne before moving to the USA and transferring to Stanford University. She received her Ph.D. from Stanford in 1967, at a time when less than 2% of...
(1943- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Quinn,_Helen_R.@861234567.html - Lisa RandallLisa RandallLisa Randall is an American theoretical physicist and a leading expert on particle physics and cosmology. She works on several of the competing models of string theory in the quest to explain the fabric of the universe. Her most well known contribution to the field is the Randall-Sundrum model,...
(1962- ), American physicist - F. Gwendolen ReesF. Gwendolen ReesFlorence Gwendolen Rees, FRS was a British zoologist and parasitologist. Her career was at the Zoology Department of the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, where she held positions of Assistant Lecturer , Lecturer , Senior Lecturer , Reader and Professor , becoming Professor Emeritus in...
(1906–1994), British parasitologist - Anita RobertsAnita RobertsAnita B. Roberts was a molecular biologist who made pioneering observations of a protein, TGF-β, that is critical in healing wounds and bone fractures and that has a dual role in blocking or stimulating cancers...
(1942–2006), American molecular biologist, "mother of TGF-Beta" - Vera RubinVera RubinVera Rubin is an American astronomer who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates. She is famous for uncovering the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion, by studying galactic rotation curves...
(1928- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Rubin,_Vera_Cooper@931234567.html - Myriam SarachikMyriam SarachikMyriam Sarachik is a physicist and recipient of the Buckley Prize in 2005. She is a Distinguished Professor of Physics at The City College of New York since 1995 and has taught there since 1964. In 2008 she has been elected to the governing council of the National Academy of Sciences. She is an...
(1933- ) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Sarachik,_Myriam_P.@812345678.html - Bice Sechi-Zorn (1928–1984) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Sechi-Zorn,_Bice@853449324.html
- Johanna Levelt Sengers http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Sengers,_Johanna_Levelt@902123456.html
- Patsy ShermanPatsy ShermanPatsy O’Connell Sherman was an American chemist.-Early life:Sherman's 1947 high school aptitude test indicated she would be most suited to the role of a housewife. Sherman demanded to take the boy’s version of the aptitude test...
(20th century) - Charlotte Moore SitterlyCharlotte Moore SitterlyCharlotte Emma Moore Sitterly was an American astronomer.Charlotte Moore was born in Ercildoun, Pennsylvania, a small village near Coatesville. She graduated from Swarthmore College in 1920 and went on to Princeton to assist Henry Norris Russell. During this time she worked at the Princeton...
(1898–1990), American astronomer - Hertha SponerHertha SponerHertha Sponer was a German physicist and chemist who contributed to modern quantum mechanics and molecular physics and was the first woman on the physics faculty of Duke University.-Life and career:...
(1895–1968) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Sponer,_Hertha@838834963.html - Margaret A. StanleyMargaret Stanley (virologist)Margaret Anne Stanley, BSc PhD OBE FMedSci is a British virologist and epithelial biologist. As of 2009, she is Professor of Epithelial Biology at the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, and a fellow of Christ's College.-Career and research:...
, British virologist and epithelial biologist - Phyllis StarkeyPhyllis StarkeyPhyllis Margaret Starkey is a British Labour party politician, who was the Member of Parliament for Milton Keynes South West from 1997 to 2010. She had previously served as Leader of Oxford City Council....
(1947- ) British biochemist and medical researcher - Isabelle Stone (1868–1944) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Stone,_Isabelle@941234567.html, American thin-film physicist and educator
- Ida Noddack TackeIda NoddackIda Noddack , née Ida Tacke, was a German chemist and physicist. She was the first to mention the idea of nuclear fission in 1934. With her husband Walter Noddack she discovered element 75 rhenium...
(1896–1978), German chemist and physicist - Maria TelkesMária TelkesMária Telkes was a Hungarian-American scientist and inventor who worked on solar energy technologies.Telkes moved to the United States after completing her PhD in physical chemistry in Hungary...
(1900–1995), Hungarian-American biophysicist - Jean ThomasJean Thomas (academic)Dame Jean Olwen Thomas, DBE, FMedSci, FLSW, FRS is Master of St Catharine's College, Cambridge.She was born in Treboeth, Swansea to John Robert and Lorna Thomas, attended Llwyn-y-Bryn High School for Girls and then studied chemistry at the University of Wales, gaining a first class B.Sc in 1964...
, British biochemist (chromatin) - Karen VousdenKaren VousdenKaren Heather Vousden, CBE, FRS, FRSE, FMedSci is a British medical researcher. She is known for her work on the tumour suppressor protein, p53, and in particular her discovery of the important regulatory role of Mdm2, an attractive target for anti-cancer agents...
, British cancer researcher - Katharine Way (1903–1995) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Way,_Katharine@862427327.html
- Mary Olliden Weaver (20th century), inventor
- Elsie WiddowsonElsie WiddowsonDr Elsie Widdowson FRS , was a British scientist responsible for overseeing the government mandated addition of vitamins to food and war-time rationing in Britain during World War II....
(1908–2000) http://royalsociety.org/Most-influential-British-women-in-the-history-of-science/, British nutritionist - Margo WilsonMargo WilsonMargo Wilson was Professor of Psychology at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Along with her husband and frequent research partner Martin Daly, she wrote many influential papers and books in the field of evolutionary psychology...
(1945- ), Canadian evolutionary psychologist - Fiona WoodFiona WoodFiona Melanie Wood, AM is a British born plastic surgeon working in Perth, Western Australia. She is the director of the Royal Perth Hospital burns unit and the Western Australia Burns Service...
, (1958- ), British-Australian plastic surgeon - Leona WoodsLeona WoodsLeona Woods , later called Leona Woods Marshall and Leona Woods Marshall Libby, was an American physicist who helped build the first nuclear reactor and the first atomic bomb....
(1919–1986), American nuclear physicist - Dorothy Wrinch (1894–1976), British mathematician and theoretical biochemist
- Chien-Shiung WuChien-Shiung WuChien-Shiung Wu was a Chinese-American physicist with expertise in the techniques of experimental physics and radioactivity. Wu worked on the Manhattan Project...
(1912–1997), Chinese-American physicist (nuclear physics, (non) conservation of parity) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Wu,_Chien_Shiung@841234567.html - Sau Lan Wu http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Wu,_Sau_Lan@892345678.html, Chinese-American particle physicist
- Xide Xie (Hsi-teh Hsieh) (1921–2000) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Xie,_Xide_%28Hsieh,_Hsi-teh%29@931234567.html
- Rosalyn Sussman YalowRosalyn Sussman YalowRosalyn Sussman Yalow was an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for development of the radioimmunoassay technique...
(1921- ), American medical physicist (Nobel prize for radioimmunoassay) http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Yalow,_Rosalyn_Sussman@861234567.html
External links
- 4000 Years of Women in Science
- Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics
- Most influential British women in the history of science (selected by Royal SocietyRoyal SocietyThe Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, known simply as the Royal Society, is a learned society for science, and is possibly the oldest such society in existence. Founded in November 1660, it was granted a Royal Charter by King Charles II as the "Royal Society of London"...
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