List of doctoral degrees awarded by country
Encyclopedia
The list of doctoral degrees awarded by country includes all doctoral
degrees worldwide.
and Slovak
doctoral degrees has been inherited from Czechoslovakia
and is for a large part identical.
These degrees are written before the name.
These degrees are written before the name.
Doctoral degrees gained after graduation or after graduation and rigorous examination are popularly called small doctorate (malý doktorát in Czech).
These degrees are written after the name.
Doctoral degrees gained after post-graduate study are popularly called great doctorate (velký doktorát in Czech).
These degrees are written after the name.
Both Czech and Slovak orthography state that the 'philosophiae doctor' is abbreviated as 'PhD.' in analogy to all of the other degrees, however, perhaps under influence of international use of 'Ph.D.', this foreign form is used in the Czech Law of the Academic and Scientific Degrees. In fact, Czech lawgivers have enacted an orthographical mistake.
or upon formal submission of a substantial portfolio of published or publishable research.
:
Doctorate
A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder to teach in a specific field, A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder...
degrees worldwide.
Argentina
- Doctor of Applied ScienceDoctor of ScienceDoctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D...
- Doctor of Basic ScienceDoctor of ScienceDoctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D...
- Doctor of ScienceDoctor of ScienceDoctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D...
- Doctor of ArtsDoctor of ArtsThe Doctor of Arts is a discipline-based terminal doctoral degree that was originally conceived and designed to be an alternative to the traditional research-based Doctor of Philosophy and the education-based Doctor of Education . Like other doctorates, the D.A. is an academic degree of the...
- Doctor of AdministrationDoctor of Business AdministrationThe degree of Doctor of Business Administration, abbreviated, or and equivalent to , is a research doctorate in business administration. The D.B.A...
- Doctor of Chemistry
- Doctor of InformaticsDoctor of Computer ScienceThe degree of Doctor of Computer Science is an applied research doctorate. The DCompSci often requires coursework beyond the masters' level in addition to research that results in a dissertation that contributes to computer theory or practice.-Contribution:The choice of professional doctorate or...
- Doctor of Criminology
- Doctor of Design
- Doctor of EducationDoctor of EducationThe Doctor of Education or Doctor in Education degree , in Latin, Doctor Educationis, is a research-oriented professional doctorate that prepares the student for academic, administrative, clinical, or research positions in educational, civil, and private organizations.-Differences between an Ed.D...
- Doctor of EngineeringDoctor of EngineeringThe Doctor of Engineering is an academic degree awarded on the basis of advanced study and research in engineering or applied sciences...
- Doctor of LawDoctor of lawDoctor of Law or Doctor of Laws is a doctoral degree in law. The application of the term varies from country to country, and includes degrees such as the LL.D., Ph.D., J.D., J.S.D., and Dr. iur.-Argentina:...
- Doctor of Literature
- Doctor of MedicineDoctor of MedicineDoctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools...
- Doctor of MusicDoctor of MusicThe Doctor of Music degree , like other doctorates, is an academic degree of the highest level. The D.Mus. is intended for musicians and composers who wish to combine the highest attainments in their area of specialization with doctoral-level academic study in music...
- Doctor of PhilosophyDoctor of PhilosophyDoctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
- Doctor of Physical Education
- Doctor of PsychologyDoctor of PsychologyThe Doctor of Psychology degree is a professional doctorate earned through one of two established training models for clinical psychology...
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
- Doctor of Social ScienceDoctor of Social ScienceThe Doctorate of Social Science is a higher qualification offered by select universities, which serves as a doctoral level qualification specifically relating to academic work in the field of social sciences....
Czech Republic and Slovakia
The system of CzechCzech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
and Slovak
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
doctoral degrees has been inherited from Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
and is for a large part identical.
Doctoral degrees gained after graduation
- Doctor of medicine (Medicinæ universæ doctor – MUDr.)
- Doctor of dental medicine (Medicinæ dentalis doctor – MDDr.)
- Doctor of veterinary medicine (Medicinæ veterinariæ doctor – MVDr.)
These degrees are written before the name.
Doctoral degrees gained after graduation and rigorous examination
- Doctor of philosophy (Philosophiæ doctor – PhDr.)
- Doctor of natural sciences (Rerum naturalium doctor – RNDr.)
- Doctor of pharmacy (Pharmaciæ doctor – PharmDr.)
- Doctor of laws (Juris utrisque doctor – JUDr.)
- Doctor of paedeutics (Paedagogiæ doctor – PaedDr., no longer used in the Czech Republic)
- Doctor of theology (Theologiæ doctor – ThDr.)
- Doctor of economy (Rerum commercialum doctor – RCDr., no longer used)
- Doctor of social sciences (Rerum socialium doctor – RSDr., deprecated – used by the Czechoslovak communist regime)
These degrees are written before the name.
Doctoral degrees gained after graduation or after graduation and rigorous examination are popularly called small doctorate (malý doktorát in Czech).
Doctoral degrees gained after post-graduate study
- Candidate of sciences (Candidatus scientarum – CSc., since 1997 replaced by common PhD.)
- Doctor of philosophy (Philosophiae doctor – PhD., awarded since 1997; requires at least 3–5-year doctoral study)
- Doctor of theology (Theologiae doctor – ThD.) – doctoral study in theology
- Doctor of sciences (Doctor scientarum – DrSc. (no longer used in the Czech Republic); prerequisite: a PhD.-level degree)
These degrees are written after the name.
Doctoral degrees gained after post-graduate study are popularly called great doctorate (velký doktorát in Czech).
Other doctoral degrees
- Doctor of sciences (Doctor scientarum – DSc) - highest appreciation of scientific work, granting from the Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicThe Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic was established in 1992 by the Czech National Council as the Czech successor of the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. The Academy is the leading non-university public research institution in the Czech Republic...
- Honorary Doctorate (Doctor honoris causa – Dr.h.c.) – honorary degree, usually it is not in use
These degrees are written after the name.
Both Czech and Slovak orthography state that the 'philosophiae doctor' is abbreviated as 'PhD.' in analogy to all of the other degrees, however, perhaps under influence of international use of 'Ph.D.', this foreign form is used in the Czech Law of the Academic and Scientific Degrees. In fact, Czech lawgivers have enacted an orthographical mistake.
Denmark
- dr. med. (doctor medicinæ) – Medicine
- dr. jur. (doctor juris) – Law
- dr. theol. (doctor theologiæ) – Theology
- dr. phil. (doctor philosophiæ) – Philosophy (humanities)
- dr. polit. (doctor politices) – Economics
- dr. scient. (doctor scientiarum) – Science (natural sciences)
- dr. techn. (doctor technices) – Technology/engineering
- dr. ling. merc. (doctor linguæ mercantilis) – Professional language
Finland
This list is comprehensive list of doctoral decrees granted by Finnish universities, based on the Government decree on university degrees. The English translations are official.- Elintarviketieteiden tohtori – Doctor of Food Science
- Eläinlääketieteen tohtori – Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
- Farmasian tohtori– Doctor of Science (Pharmacy)
- Filosofian tohtori – Doctor of Philosophy
- Hallintotieteiden tohtori – Doctor of Administrative Sciences
- Kasvatustieteen tohtori – Doctor of Philosophy (Education)
- Kauppatieteiden tohtori – Doctor of Science (Economics and Business Administration)
- Kuvataiteen tohtori – Doctor of Fine Arts
- Liikuntatieteiden tohtori – Doctor of Philosophy (Sport and Health Sciences)
- Lääketieteen tohtori – Doctor of Medical Science
- Maatalous- ja metsätieteiden tohtori – Doctor of Science (Agriculture and Forestry)
- Musiikin tohtori – Doctor of Music
- Oikeustieteen tohtori – Doctor of Laws
- Psykologian tohtori – Doctor of Psychology
- Taiteen tohtori – Doctor of Arts (Art and Design)
- Tanssitaiteen tohtori – Doctor of Arts (Dance)
- Teatteritaiteen tohtori – Doctor of Arts (Theater and Drama)
- Tekniikan tohtori – Doctor of Science (Technology) or Doctor of Science (Architecture)
- Teologian tohtori – Doctor of Theology
- Terveystieteiden tohtori – Doctor of Health Sciences
- Valtiotieteiden tohtori – Doctor of Social Sciences
- Yhteiskuntatieteiden tohtori – Doctor of Social Sciences
France
- Doctorat: Ph.D.Ph.D.A Ph.D. is a Doctor of Philosophy, an academic degree.Ph.D. may also refer to:* Ph.D. , a 1980s British group*Piled Higher and Deeper, a web comic strip*PhD: Phantasy Degree, a Korean comic series* PhD Docbook renderer, an XML renderer...
equivalent. Traditional mentions are :- Doctorat ès lettres: Doctorate of LettersDoctor of LettersDoctor of Letters is a university academic degree, often a higher doctorate which is frequently awarded as an honorary degree in recognition of outstanding scholarship or other merits.-Commonwealth:...
. - Doctorat ès sciences:Doctorate of Science.
- Doctorat en droit; Doctorate of Laws.
- Doctorat ès lettres: Doctorate of Letters
- Diplôme d'État de docteur (State Degree of Doctor): professional doctorate equivalent.
- Diplôme d'État de chirurgien dentiste: Doctor of Dental SurgeryDoctor of Dental SurgeryThere are a number of first professional degrees in dentistry offered by schools in various countries around the world. These include the following:* Doctor of Dental Surgery * Doctor of Dental Medicine * Bachelor of Dentistry...
. - Diplôme d’État de docteur en médecine: Doctor of MedicineDoctor of MedicineDoctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools...
. - Diplôme d'État de docteur en pharmacie: Doctor of PharmacyDoctor of PharmacyA Doctor of Pharmacy is a professional doctorate degree in pharmacy. In some countries, it is a first professional degree, and a prerequisite for licensing to exercise the profession of pharmacist.-Kenya :...
. - Diplôme d'État de docteur vétérinaire: Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.
- Diplôme d'État de chirurgien dentiste: Doctor of Dental Surgery
- Until 1984 existed a higher doctorate called Doctorat d'État and a junior doctorate called Doctorat de troisième cycle.
Germany
- Dr. h.c. (Doctor honoris causa - honorary doctor), but: Dr.-Ing. E.h. (German: ehrenhalber)
- Dr.-Ing. (Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften - engineeringEngineeringEngineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of...
, sometimes Computer ScienceComputer scienceComputer science or computing science is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems...
) - Dr. iur. (Doctor iuris - lawLawLaw is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
), also: Dr. jur. although this is not the correct spelling - Dr. iur. utr. (Doctor iuris utriusque - both Laws, secular and Canon Law, "Doktor beider Rechte" (weltliches und kanonisches Recht))
- Dr. habil.HabilitationHabilitation is the highest academic qualification a scholar can achieve by his or her own pursuit in several European and Asian countries. Earned after obtaining a research doctorate, such as a PhD, habilitation requires the candidate to write a professorial thesis based on independent...
(Doctor habilitatus - professorial qualification, higher doctorate awarded to candidates who finished the habilitationHabilitationHabilitation is the highest academic qualification a scholar can achieve by his or her own pursuit in several European and Asian countries. Earned after obtaining a research doctorate, such as a PhD, habilitation requires the candidate to write a professorial thesis based on independent...
) - Dr. oec. pub. (Doctor œconomiae publicae - business administration ("Betriebswirtschaftslehre") or macro- and micro-economicsEconomicsEconomics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek from + , hence "rules of the house"...
("Volkswirtschaftslehre")) - Dr. theol.Doctor of TheologyDoctor of Theology is a terminal academic degree in theology. It is a research degree that is considered by the U.S. National Science Foundation to be the equivalent of a Doctor of Philosophy....
(Doctor theologiae - theologyTheologyTheology is the systematic and rational study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truths, or the learned profession acquired by completing specialized training in religious studies, usually at a university or school of divinity or seminary.-Definition:Augustine of Hippo...
) - Dr. paed. (Doctor paed. - educationEducationEducation in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...
("Doktor der Pädagogik")) - Dr. phil. (Doctor philosophiae - most of the humanitiesHumanitiesThe humanities are academic disciplines that study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences....
) - Dr. rer. medic. (Doctor rerum medicarum - "Doktor der Medizinwissenschaften" or Doctor of medical science)
- Dr. rer. nat. (Doctor rerum naturalium - literally "Doctor of natural things" - all natural sciences, mathematicsMathematicsMathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...
and computer scienceComputer scienceComputer science or computing science is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems...
) - Dr. rer. soc. (Doctor rerum socialium. - social sciencesSocial sciencesSocial science is the field of study concerned with society. "Social science" is commonly used as an umbrella term to refer to a plurality of fields outside of the natural sciences usually exclusive of the administrative or managerial sciences...
("Doktor der Sozialwissenschaften")) - Dr. rer. pol. (Doctor rerum politicarum - economicsEconomicsEconomics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek from + , hence "rules of the house"...
, business administration, sociologySociologySociology is the study of society. It is a social science—a term with which it is sometimes synonymous—which uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity...
and related subjects) - Dr. med. (Doctor medicinae - medicineMedicineMedicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
), also Dr. med. dent. for dentists and Dr. med. vet. for veterinarians
Pakistan
- Doctor of MedicineDoctor of MedicineDoctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools...
(MD) - Doctor of PharmacyDoctor of PharmacyA Doctor of Pharmacy is a professional doctorate degree in pharmacy. In some countries, it is a first professional degree, and a prerequisite for licensing to exercise the profession of pharmacist.-Kenya :...
(PharmD) - Doctor of PhilosophyDoctor of PhilosophyDoctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
(PhD) - Doctor of ScienceDoctor of ScienceDoctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D...
(DSc)
South Africa
- Doctor of PhilosophyDoctor of PhilosophyDoctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
(PhD or DPhil) Offered at Traditional Universities - [Doctor of Literature and Philosophy (DLitt et Phil) offered at the University of South Africa and other formerly Afrikaans Universities
- Doctor of Technology / Doctor TechnologiaeDoctor of TechnologyThe Doctor of Technology degree is conferred upon candidates after having completed a course of study in technology, and a project of lengthy duration in a technologically-related field...
(DTech) Offered at Universities of Technology
Sri Lanka
- Doctor of PhilosophyDoctor of PhilosophyDoctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
(PhD or DPhil) - Doctor of ScienceDoctor of ScienceDoctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D...
(DSc) - Doctor of Laws (LLD)
- Doctor of LettersDoctor of LettersDoctor of Letters is a university academic degree, often a higher doctorate which is frequently awarded as an honorary degree in recognition of outstanding scholarship or other merits.-Commonwealth:...
(DLitt) - Doctor of MedicineDoctor of MedicineDoctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools...
(DM) - Doctor of Business AdministrationDoctor of Business AdministrationThe degree of Doctor of Business Administration, abbreviated, or and equivalent to , is a research doctorate in business administration. The D.B.A...
(DBA)
First doctorates
Graduate-entry degrees in which the candidate must prepare (usually over a period of three or four years full-time, under the supervision of a more experienced researcher) a thesis or other portfolio of publishable research, demonstrating a contribution to knowledge in the chosen field. Some degrees of this type (such as the EdD, DClinPsych, DBA and EngD) are referred to as "vocational doctorates" to reflect their greater emphasis on applied research and professional practice, however they still comprise a substantial research component.- Doctor of PhilosophyDoctor of PhilosophyDoctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
(PhD or DPhil) - Doctor of MedicineDoctor of MedicineDoctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools...
(MD) – in some universities this degree is a first doctorate - Doctor of EducationDoctor of EducationThe Doctor of Education or Doctor in Education degree , in Latin, Doctor Educationis, is a research-oriented professional doctorate that prepares the student for academic, administrative, clinical, or research positions in educational, civil, and private organizations.-Differences between an Ed.D...
(EdD) - Doctor of Clinical PsychologyDoctor of Clinical PsychologyThe degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology is a professional doctorate in clinical psychology, awarded mainly in the United Kingdom. The degree has both clinical and research components, and qualifies the holder to practice as a clinical psychologist in Britain's National Health Service and other...
(DClinPsych) - Engineering DoctorateEngineering DoctorateThe Engineering Doctorate scheme is a British postgraduate education programme promoted by the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council . The programme is undertaken over four years. Students conduct PhD-equivalent research and undertake taught business and technical courses whilst...
(EngD) - Doctor of Business AdministrationDoctor of Business AdministrationThe degree of Doctor of Business Administration, abbreviated, or and equivalent to , is a research doctorate in business administration. The D.B.A...
(DBA)
Higher doctorates
Awarded in recognition of eminence in the given field, either honoris causaHonorary degree
An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa is an academic degree for which a university has waived the usual requirements, such as matriculation, residence, study, and the passing of examinations...
or upon formal submission of a substantial portfolio of published or publishable research.
- Doctor of DivinityDoctor of DivinityDoctor of Divinity is an advanced academic degree in divinity. Historically, it identified one who had been licensed by a university to teach Christian theology or related religious subjects....
/Divinitatis Doctor (DD) - Doctor of Civil LawDoctor of Civil LawDoctor of Civil Law is a degree offered by some universities, such as the University of Oxford, instead of the more common Doctor of Laws degrees....
(DCL) - Doctor of Laws/Legum DoctorLegum DoctorLegum Doctor is a doctorate-level academic degree in law, or an honorary doctorate, depending on the jurisdiction. The double L in the abbreviation refers to the early practice in the University of Cambridge to teach both Canon Law and Civil Law, the double L indicating the plural, Doctor of both...
(LLD) - Doctor of MedicineDoctor of MedicineDoctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools...
/Medicinæ Doctor (DM or MD) – in some universities this degree is a higher doctorate - Doctor of MusicDoctor of MusicThe Doctor of Music degree , like other doctorates, is an academic degree of the highest level. The D.Mus. is intended for musicians and composers who wish to combine the highest attainments in their area of specialization with doctoral-level academic study in music...
/Musicæ Doctor (DMus or MusD) - Doctor of LettersDoctor of LettersDoctor of Letters is a university academic degree, often a higher doctorate which is frequently awarded as an honorary degree in recognition of outstanding scholarship or other merits.-Commonwealth:...
/Litterarum Doctor (DLitt or LittD) - Doctor of ScienceDoctor of ScienceDoctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D...
/Scientiæ Doctor (DSc or ScD) - Doctor of Literature (DLit) (LondonUniversity of London-20th century:Shortly after 6 Burlington Gardens was vacated, the University went through a period of rapid expansion. Bedford College, Royal Holloway and the London School of Economics all joined in 1900, Regent's Park College, which had affiliated in 1841 became an official divinity school of the...
's equivalent to the DLitt)
Honorary doctorates
Some universities have a degree which is only awarded honoris causaHonorary degree
An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa is an academic degree for which a university has waived the usual requirements, such as matriculation, residence, study, and the passing of examinations...
:
- Doctor of the University (DUniv)
No longer awarded
- Doctor of Canon LawDoctor of Canon LawDoctor of Canon Law is the doctoral-level terminal degree in the studies of canon law of the Roman Catholic Church.It may also be abbreviated I.C.D. or dr.iur.can. , ICDr., D.C.L., D.Cnl., D.D.C., or D.Can.L. . Doctor of both laws are J.U.D...
(DCanL) – did not survive the ReformationProtestant ReformationThe Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
.
United States
- Doctor of Applied Science (D.A.S.)
- Doctor of ArchitectureDoctor of ArchitectureThe Doctor of Architecture or Architectural Doctorate degree is a doctoral degree in the field of Architecture. It can be completed after either a Bachelor of Architecture , Master of Architecture degree or, in some cases, another degree. The degree is not required for state licensure, which...
(D.Arch.) - Doctor of ArtsDoctor of ArtsThe Doctor of Arts is a discipline-based terminal doctoral degree that was originally conceived and designed to be an alternative to the traditional research-based Doctor of Philosophy and the education-based Doctor of Education . Like other doctorates, the D.A. is an academic degree of the...
(D.A.) - Doctor of AudiologyDoctor of AudiologyThe Doctor of Audiology is a first professional degree for an audiologist. The Au.D. program is designed to produce audiologists who are skilled in providing diagnostic, rehabilitative, and other services associated with hearing, balance, and related audiological fields. There is an emphasis on...
(Au.D) - Doctor of Business AdministrationDoctor of Business AdministrationThe degree of Doctor of Business Administration, abbreviated, or and equivalent to , is a research doctorate in business administration. The D.B.A...
(D.B.A.) - Doctor of Canon LawDoctor of Canon LawDoctor of Canon Law is the doctoral-level terminal degree in the studies of canon law of the Roman Catholic Church.It may also be abbreviated I.C.D. or dr.iur.can. , ICDr., D.C.L., D.Cnl., D.D.C., or D.Can.L. . Doctor of both laws are J.U.D...
(J.C.D.) - Doctor of Chemistry (D.Chem.)
- Doctor of Chiropractic (D.C.)
- Doctor of Clinical Nutrition (D.C.N.)
- Doctor of Comparative Law (D.C.L.)
- Doctor of Civil LawDoctor of Civil LawDoctor of Civil Law is a degree offered by some universities, such as the University of Oxford, instead of the more common Doctor of Laws degrees....
(D.C.L.) - Doctor of Computer ScienceDoctor of Computer ScienceThe degree of Doctor of Computer Science is an applied research doctorate. The DCompSci often requires coursework beyond the masters' level in addition to research that results in a dissertation that contributes to computer theory or practice.-Contribution:The choice of professional doctorate or...
(D.C.S.) - Doctor of Criminal Justice (D.C.J.)
- Doctor of Criminology (D.Crim.)
- Doctor of DivinityDoctor of DivinityDoctor of Divinity is an advanced academic degree in divinity. Historically, it identified one who had been licensed by a university to teach Christian theology or related religious subjects....
/Divinitatis Doctor (DD) - Doctor of Design (Dr.DES.)
- Doctor of EducationDoctor of EducationThe Doctor of Education or Doctor in Education degree , in Latin, Doctor Educationis, is a research-oriented professional doctorate that prepares the student for academic, administrative, clinical, or research positions in educational, civil, and private organizations.-Differences between an Ed.D...
(Ed.D.) - Doctor of EngineeringDoctor of EngineeringThe Doctor of Engineering is an academic degree awarded on the basis of advanced study and research in engineering or applied sciences...
(D.Eng.) - Doctor of Engineering Science (D.E.Sc., Sc.D E.)
- Doctor of Environmental Science and EngineeringDoctor of Environmental Science and EngineeringDoctor of Environmental Sciences and Engineering a professional doctorate degree awarded by UCLA’s Environmental Science and Engineering Program, founded in 1973 by Nobel Prize laureate Dr. Willard Libby...
(D.Env.) - Doctor of Fine ArtsDoctor of Fine ArtsDoctor of Fine Arts is doctoral degree in fine arts, typically given as an honorary degree . The degree is typically conferred to honor the recipient who has made a contribution to society in the arts...
(D.F.A.) - Doctor of Forestry (D.F.)
- Doctor of Geological Science (D.G.S.)
- Doctor of Health and Safety (D.H.S.)
- Doctor of Health Education (D.H.Ed)
- Doctor of Hebrew Literature/Letters (D.H.L.)
- Doctor of Hebrew Studies (D.H.S.)
- Doctor of Humane LettersDoctor of Humane LettersThe degree of Doctor of Humane Letters is always conferred as an honorary degree, usually to those who have distinguished themselves in areas other than science, government, literature or religion, which are awarded degrees of Doctor of Science, Doctor of Laws, Doctor of Letters, or Doctor of...
(D.Hum.Litt.) - Doctor of Industrial Technology (D.I.T.)
- Doctor of Information TechnologyDoctor of Information TechnologyThe Doctor of Information Technology is a research-oriented professional doctoral degree offered by some universities. It is of the same academic level as traditional PhD; however, DIT research focuses more on industry practice than on theoretical framework...
(D.I.T.) - Doctor of Juridical ScienceDoctor of Juridical ScienceDoctor of Juridical Science, Doctor of the Science of Law, Scientiae Juridicae Doctor , abbreviated J.S.D. or S.J.D., is a research doctorate in law and equivalent to the PhD It is offered primarily in the United States, where it originated, and in Canada...
(S.J.D., J.S.D.) - Doctor of Law and Policy (L.P.D., D.L.P.)
- Doctor of Library Science (D.L.S.)
- Doctor of Literature and Philosophy (D.Litt. et Phil.)
- Doctor of Medical Humanities (D.M.H.)
- Doctor of Medical Science (D.M.Sc.)
- Doctor of MedicineDoctor of MedicineDoctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools...
(M.D.) - Doctor of MinistryDoctor of MinistryThe Doctor of Ministry degree is, according to The Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada , a doctoral level degree oriented toward ministerial leadership often in an area of applied theology, such as missions, evangelism, church leadership, pastoral psychology or the...
(D.Min., D.M.) - Doctor of Modern LanguagesDoctor of Modern LanguagesThe Doctor of Modern Languages degree , like other doctorates, is an academic degree of the highest level. It is similar to the Ph.D. and the Doctor of Arts degree in Foreign Languages....
(D.M.L.) - Doctor of MusicDoctor of MusicThe Doctor of Music degree , like other doctorates, is an academic degree of the highest level. The D.Mus. is intended for musicians and composers who wish to combine the highest attainments in their area of specialization with doctoral-level academic study in music...
(D.Mus, Mus.Doc.) - Doctor of Musical ArtsDoctor of Musical ArtsThe Doctor of Musical Arts degree is a doctoral academic degree in music. The D.M.A. combines advanced studies in an applied area of specialization with graduate-level academic study in subjects such as music history, music theory, or music pedagogy. The D.M.A...
(D.M.A., A.Mus.D.) - Doctor of Musical Education (D.M.E.)
- Doctor of Music Therapy (D.M.T.)
- Doctor of Naprapathic Medicine (D.N.)
- Doctor of Nursing Practice (D.N.P.)
- Doctor of Nursing ScienceDoctor of Nursing ScienceThe Doctor of Nursing Practice is a terminal professional degree that focuses on the clinical aspects of nursing rather than academic research. The curriculum for the DNP degree generally includes advanced practice, leadership, and application of clinical research. The DNP is intended primarily...
(D.N.S./D.N.Sc.) - Doctor of Osteopathic MedicineDoctor of Osteopathic MedicineDoctor of Osteopathic Medicine is a professional doctoral degree for physicians in the United States. Holders of the MD degree, Doctor of Medicine, have the same rights, privileges and responsibilities as osteopathic physicians in the United States.The American Osteopathic Association’s Commission...
(D.O.) - Doctor of PharmacyDoctor of PharmacyA Doctor of Pharmacy is a professional doctorate degree in pharmacy. In some countries, it is a first professional degree, and a prerequisite for licensing to exercise the profession of pharmacist.-Kenya :...
(Pharm.D.) - Doctor of PhilosophyDoctor of PhilosophyDoctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
(Ph.D) - Doctor of Physical Education (D.P.E.)
- Doctor of Physical TherapyDoctor of Physical TherapyThe Doctor of Physical Therapy or Doctor of Physiotherapy is a post-baccalaureate three-year degree conferred upon successful completion of a professional clinical doctoral level professional or post-professional physical therapist education program for the licensed physical therapist...
(D.P.T.) - Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (D.P.M.)
- Doctor of Practical TheologyDoctor of Practical TheologyThe Doctor of Practical Theology is an advanced professional degree for professionals serving Church, non-profit, public, and private sector organizations, seeking to apply theological principles to their professional practice. The typical degree candidate is a part-time student who continues...
(D.P.T., D.Th.P.) - Doctor of Professional StudiesDoctor of Professional StudiesThe Doctor of Professional Studies is a work-based professional doctorate pioneered by Pace University.-Development:...
(D.P.S.) - Doctor of PsychologyDoctor of PsychologyThe Doctor of Psychology degree is a professional doctorate earned through one of two established training models for clinical psychology...
(Psy.D) - Doctor of Public AdministrationDoctor of Public AdministrationThe Doctor of Public Administration is a terminal applied-research doctoral degree in the field of public administration , which is a sub-discipline of political science. The D.P.A. requires significant coursework beyond the masters level and a dissertation that contributes to theory or practice...
(D.P.A.) - Doctor of Public Health (D.P.H.)
- Doctor of Recreation (D.Rec./D.R.)
- Doctor of Rehabilitation (Rh.D.)
- Doctor of ScienceDoctor of ScienceDoctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D...
(D.Sc., Sc. D.) - Doctor of Science in Dentistry (D.Sc.D.)
- Doctor of Science and Hygiene (D.Sc.H.)
- Doctor of Science in Veterinary Medicine (D.Sc.V.M.)
- Doctor of the Science of Law (L.Sc.D.)
- Doctor of Social ScienceDoctor of Social ScienceThe Doctorate of Social Science is a higher qualification offered by select universities, which serves as a doctoral level qualification specifically relating to academic work in the field of social sciences....
(D.S.Sc.) - Doctor of Social WorkDoctor of Social WorkThe Doctor of Social Work or PhD in Social Work or PhD in Social Policy and Social Work is a higher academic degree for social workers who wish to further their careers. The PhD candidate gains experience at doctoral level in education, training in advanced practice, teaching, supervision, research...
(D.S.W.) - Doctor of Sacred Music (D.S.M.)
- Doctor of Sacred TheologyDoctor of Sacred TheologyThe Doctor of Sacred Theology is the final theological degree in the pontifical university system of the Catholic Church....
(S.T.D.) - Doctor of TheologyDoctor of TheologyDoctor of Theology is a terminal academic degree in theology. It is a research degree that is considered by the U.S. National Science Foundation to be the equivalent of a Doctor of Philosophy....
(Th.D.) - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.)
- Juris DoctorJuris DoctorJuris Doctor is a professional doctorate and first professional graduate degree in law.The degree was first awarded by Harvard University in the United States in the late 19th century and was created as a modern version of the old European doctor of law degree Juris Doctor (see etymology and...
(J.D.)