List of Serbian monarchs
Encyclopedia
This is an archontological
list of Serbian
rulers, containing monarchs and governors of the medieval principalities, to heads of state of modern Serbia
.
's (towns, villages, small administrative units led by a chieftain) under direct rule of the Byzantine Empire
that would eventually take over the office of the strategos
. The highest title was held during the Serbian Empire
of Dušan the Mighty (He was styled Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks).
The following were used as a supreme title, in chronological order:
. The Serb princes began ruling as mere chieftains (Župans) in Byzantine Slavic areas known as Sclavinias, similarly to the Byzantine thema and strategos
.
The principalities (or Županates, Župe) were ruled by blood relatives, while the crown was given, predominantly, to the oldest heir. Serbian dynasties and their respective branches fought for the ownership of the Serbian domains. In the early Middle Ages, the realm of the Serbs
included six territories:
, of which we only have a seal found in the 19th century. The next known is Jovan Vladimir
, who became a Bulgarian vassal. Stefan Vojislav succeeds in giving the realm independence, he is the eponymous founder of the House of Vojislavljević
that ruled Duklja
from the early 11th century up to the 1120s. The dynasty may have been a cadet branch of the preceding Vlastimirovids.
After Desa's revolt, in 1165 the Byzantium divided the Serb lands between the four sons of Zavida: Tihomir in Raška, Stracimir in Duklja, Miroslav in Zahumlje
and Travunia
, and Stefan Nemanja
in Toplica (in today's central Serbia). Stefan Nemanja rebelled against his eldest brother Tihomir in 1166, who fled with his brothers Stracimir and Miroslav to Byzantium to seek help. But later on, Stefan Nemanja defeated his Greek army of mercenaries in the same year near the town of Pantino on Kosovo in which poor Tihomir drowned in the River of Sitnica. Nemanja captured his other brothers and made peace with them by giving them rule in their former parts of the land to recognise him as the only ruler of Rashka or Serbia. The Nemanjić dynasty was named after Stefan Nemanja and ruled over Serbia until 1371.
ruled the Serb lands between ca. 1166 up to 1371.
The crumbling Serbian Empire
under Uroš the Weak was to be of little resistance to the powerful Ottoman Empire. In light of conflicts and decentralization of the realm, the Ottomans defeated the Serbs at the Battle of Maritsa
in 1371, making vassals of the southern governors, soon thereafter, the Emperor died. As Uroš was childless and the nobility could not agree on the rightful heir, the Empire was ruled by semi-independent provincial lords, who often were in feuds with each other. The most powerful of these, Tsar Lazar, a Duke of present-day central Serbia (which had not yet come under the Ottoman yoke), stood against the Ottomans at the Battle of Kosovo
in 1389. The result was indecisive, but it resulted in the subsequent fall of Serbia.
The administration was divided in the following:
Serbian Despotate (Branković Dynasty
The family descends from the House of Nemanjić
and House of Lazarević
via female line. The family rises to prominence during the time of disintegration of Serbian Empire
under the last ruler of House of Nemanjić
. The original family domains were centred around Kosovo
region, one of the heartlands of medieval Serbian state. Later members of the house extended their rule over all remaining independent regions of Serbia
making them the last suzerain rulers of medieval Serbia. The dynasty ruled over Despotate of Serbia
from 1427 to 1459.
Obrenović Dynasty
For the continuation of this list, go to List of heads of state of Yugoslavia.
Archontology
Archontology is the study of historical offices and important positions in state, international, political, religious and other organizations and societies. It includes chronology, succession of office holders, their biographies and related records....
list of Serbian
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
rulers, containing monarchs and governors of the medieval principalities, to heads of state of modern Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
.
Titles
The first Serbian rulers were designated "Archont of Serbia ". They initially held governorship of ŽupaŽupa
A Župa is a Slavic term, used historically among the Southern and Western branches of the Slavs, originally denoting various territorial and other sub-units, usually a small administrative division, especially a gathering of several villages...
's (towns, villages, small administrative units led by a chieftain) under direct rule of the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
that would eventually take over the office of the strategos
Strategos
Strategos, plural strategoi, is used in Greek to mean "general". In the Hellenistic and Byzantine Empires the term was also used to describe a military governor...
. The highest title was held during the Serbian Empire
Serbian Empire
The Serbian Empire was a short-lived medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the Serbian Kingdom. Stephen Uroš IV Dušan was crowned Emperor of Serbs and Greeks on 16 April, 1346, a title signifying a successorship to the Eastern Roman Empire...
of Dušan the Mighty (He was styled Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks).
The following were used as a supreme title, in chronological order:
- Ruler ( - ArchonArchonArchon is a Greek word that means "ruler" or "lord", frequently used as the title of a specific public office. It is the masculine present participle of the verb stem ἀρχ-, meaning "to rule", derived from the same root as monarch, hierarchy, and anarchy.- Ancient Greece :In ancient Greece the...
from , meaning "to rule") - "archon Serblias" - Prince of Serbia; ŽupanZupanŻupan was a long garment, always lined, worn by almost all males of the noble social class in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, typical male attire from the beginning of the 16th to half of the 18th century, still surviving as a part of the Polishnational dress.- Derivation :The name żupan has...
(Жупан) / KnezKnyazKniaz, knyaz or knez is a Slavic title found in most Slavic languages, denoting a royal nobility rank. It is usually translated into English as either Prince or less commonly as Duke....
(Kнез) - Grand Prince of Serbia - Велики жупан/κнез - Grand ŽupanGrand ZupanGrand, Great or Chief Župan is the English rendering of a South Slavic title which relate etymologically to župan like a Russian Grand Prince to a Knyaz .- Bulgaria :A decorated silver cup with a...
/Knez (Grand PrinceGrand PrinceThe title grand prince or great prince ranked in honour below emperor and tsar and above a sovereign prince .Grand duke is the usual and established, though not literal, translation of these terms in English and Romance languages, which do not normally use separate words for a "prince" who reigns...
) - King of Serbia - Краљ - King - "rex Serborum"
- Emperor of SerbiaEmperor of SerbiaThe Emperor of Serbia or Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks was the imperial title used during the Serbian Empire , by only two monarchs; Stefan Uroš IV Dušan the Mighty and Stefan Uroš V the Weak.-History:...
- Цар - TsarTsarTsar is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism...
- "" - "BasileusBasileusBasileus is a Greek term and title that has signified various types of monarchs in history. It is perhaps best known in English as a title used by the Byzantine Emperors, but also has a longer history of use for persons of authority and sovereigns in ancient Greece, as well as for the kings of...
(Emperor) and autokratorAutokratorAutokratōr is a Greek epithet applied to an individual who exercises absolute power, unrestrained by superiors. In a historical context, it has been applied to military commanders-in-chief, and to Roman and Byzantine emperors as the translation of the Latin title imperator. Its connection with...
of Serbia and Romania (Byzantine EmpireByzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
)" - Despot of Serbia - Деспот - δεσπότης - Lord, Master (Prince)
Early Era (626-1166)
The name of Serbia derives from the Slavic tribe of SerbsNames of the Serbs
The Serbs have been referred to with several names by other peoples, although the autonym is and has always been Srbi.-Autonym :...
. The Serb princes began ruling as mere chieftains (Župans) in Byzantine Slavic areas known as Sclavinias, similarly to the Byzantine thema and strategos
Strategos
Strategos, plural strategoi, is used in Greek to mean "general". In the Hellenistic and Byzantine Empires the term was also used to describe a military governor...
.
EWLINE
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The principalities (or Županates, Župe) were ruled by blood relatives, while the crown was given, predominantly, to the oldest heir. Serbian dynasties and their respective branches fought for the ownership of the Serbian domains. In the early Middle Ages, the realm of the Serbs
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
included six territories:
Early rulers
| Picture | TitleName | Reign | Territory | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Archont (Unnamed) |
fl. Floruit Floruit , abbreviated fl. , is a Latin verb meaning "flourished", denoting the period of time during which something was active... ? |
White Serbia White Serbia or Bojka , is the mythical homeland of the ancestors of the Serbs, of the White Serbs .The area adjacent to White Serbia was known as White Croatia, where the Croats trace their origin... (Bojka) |
"A King in the old country", succeeded by two sons, one of them was the Unknown Archont. No more is known about him. | |
 |
Archont Unknown Archont Unknown Archont The Unknown Archont is a conventional name given by historians to the Serbian leader who led the White Serbs from their homeland to settle in the Balkans after 610, during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius .... |
fl. 610-641 |
Serbian Sklavinia The Slavs ravaged the Balkans beginning in the 520s, their occupied territories were called Sklavinia and where de facto independent, but were still claimed by the Byzantines. The Serbian Sklavinia refers to the territories of Serbs before the mentioning of a state in primary sources in fl... |
He was given land by Emperor Heraclius Heraclius Heraclius was Byzantine Emperor from 610 to 641.He was responsible for introducing Greek as the empire's official language. His rise to power began in 608, when he and his father, Heraclius the Elder, the exarch of Africa, successfully led a revolt against the unpopular usurper Phocas.Heraclius'... (r. 610-641) upon receiving his protection (before 626). He died long before the Bulgar invasion (681). |
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| Prince Višeslav I |
fl. 768-814 |
Serbia |
Descendant of the Unknown Archont. He lived during the rule of Frankish King Charlemagne Charlemagne Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 to his death in 814. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800... , and directly ruled the hereditary lands; Župa Župa A Župa is a Slavic term, used historically among the Southern and Western branches of the Slavs, originally denoting various territorial and other sub-units, usually a small administrative division, especially a gathering of several villages... nia's of Neretva Neretva Neretva is the largest river of the eastern part of the Adriatic basin. It has been harnessed and controlled to a large extent by four HE power-plants with large dams and their storage lakes, but it is still recognized for its natural beauty, diversity of its landscape and visual... , Tara Tara -Religions and deities:*Tara , is a tantric meditation deity in Tibetan Buddhism, actually the generic name for a set of similar bodhisattvas*In Hinduism:*Tara , a Mahavidya of Mahadevi, Kali or Parvati... , Piva Piva Piva may refer to:* Piva , a river in Montenegro* Piva, Montenegro, a region in Montenegro and the clan* Piva language, a member of the Piva-Banoni languages* Piva , an Italian folk instrument* Piva , a Renaissance dance... , Lim. He united the Serb tribes, forming the first Serbian principality. The Macedonia Macedonia Macedonia may refer to:*Republic of Macedonia, a modern country in southeastern Europe*Macedonia , a region of Greece*Macedonia , a wider geographical and historical region covering both of the above, as well as parts of Bulgaria, Albania, and SerbiaHistorical entities*Macedonia , also known as... n Sclavinia to the south is subjugated by Emperor Constantine VI. |
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Prince Radoslav Radoslav of Serbia Radoslav was a Serbian Prince who ruled over the Serbs from 800 to 822, he succeeded his father Višeslav who united the Serbian tribes, resulting in the formation of Raška in the 8th century... |
~ 800-822 |
Son of Višeslav I. He or his son ruled during the uprisings (819-822) of Ljudevit Posavski Ljudevit Posavski Ljudevit Posavski was a Croatian Duke of Pannonian Croatia from 810 to 823. The capital of his realm was in Sisak. As the ruler of the Pannonian Slavs, he led an unsuccessful resistance to Frankish domination. He held close ties with the Carantanian and Carniolan tribes and with the Serbian tribe... against the Franks. According to the Royal Frankish Annals Royal Frankish Annals The Royal Frankish Annals or Annals of the Kingdom of the Franks ,are annals covering the history of early Carolingian monarchs from 741 to 829. Their composition seems to have soon been taken up at court, providing them with markedly official character... , in 822, Ljudevit went from his seat in Sisak Sisak Sisak is a city in central Croatia. The city's population in 2011 was 33,049, with a total of 49,699 in the administrative region and it is also the administrative centre of the Sisak-Moslavina county... to the Serbs Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... somewhere in western Bosnia History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (until 958) Within the boundaries of today’s Bosnia and Herzegovina, there have been many layers of prehistoric cultures whose creation and disappearance are linked to migrations of unidentified ethnic groups.-Prehistory:... who controlled a great part of Dalmatia Dalmatia (Roman province) Dalmatia was an ancient Roman province. Its name is probably derived from the name of an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae which lived in the area of the eastern Adriatic coast in Classical antiquity.... . At this time, there was peace with Bulgaria First Bulgarian Empire The First Bulgarian Empire was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in the north-eastern Balkans in c. 680 by the Bulgars, uniting with seven South Slavic tribes... . transl. "Serbs Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... , who inhabit a large part of Dalmatia Dalmatia Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south.... " -Royal Frankish Annals Royal Frankish Annals The Royal Frankish Annals or Annals of the Kingdom of the Franks ,are annals covering the history of early Carolingian monarchs from 741 to 829. Their composition seems to have soon been taken up at court, providing them with markedly official character... , 822 |
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| Prince Prosigoj Prosigoj Prosigoj was a 9th-century Serbian Prince that ruled the Serbian Principality from 822 to 836.-Biography:He was the son of Radoslav. Prosigoj or his father was the ruler of Serbia during the uprisings of Ljudevit Posavski against the Franks... |
822-836 | Son of Radoslav. | ||
Vlastimirović Dynasty
The history of the dynasty starts with the eponymous founder Vlastimir, a son of Prosigoj. This era is marked by the Christianization of Serbs, the many internal and external wars (Bulgars, Magyars), and the power struggle between Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire which Serbia was in the middle of. The history of this dynasty ends with the annexation of Rascia in 969.| Picture | TitleName |
Reign | Notes | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Prince Vlastimir |
836–850 | son of Prosigoj Prosigoj Prosigoj was a 9th-century Serbian Prince that ruled the Serbian Principality from 822 to 836.-Biography:He was the son of Radoslav. Prosigoj or his father was the ruler of Serbia during the uprisings of Ljudevit Posavski against the Franks... . Founder of Vlastimirović dynasty House of Vlastimirovic The Vlastimirović Dynasty was the first Serbian royal dynasty, named after Prince Vlastimir , who was recognized by the Byzantine Empire.The dynasty starts with the Unknown Archont, who ruled during Emperor Heraclius .... . He defeated the Bulgars in the three year war against Khan Presian. Vlastimir had three sons (Mutimir, Strojimir Strojimir Strojimir Vlastimirović or Strojimir of Serbia was the co-ruler of the Serbian Principality alongside his two brothers Mutimir and Gojnik, from ca 851 to his and Gojnik's deposition in the 880s after an unsuccessful coup against the eldest Prince Mutimir .He was a younger son of Vlastimir, Knez of... and Gojnik Gojnik Gojnik Vlastimirović or Gojnik of Serbia was a Serbian Župan who was subject to his elder brother Mutimir, the Grand Župan of the Serbian lands from ca. 850-860 with his brother Strojimir... ) and one daughter. His daughter married Krajina Krajina Belojević Krajina Belojević was the župan of Travunia, an administrative unit of the Principality of Serbia, in the 9th century. In 847/848, not long after the three-year Bulgarian–Serbian War in which Prince Vlastimir of Serbia Krajina Belojević was the župan of Travunia, an administrative unit of the... , who received the fief of Travunia Travunia Travunia was a medieval region, administrative unit and principality, which was part of Medieval Serbia , and in its last years, the Bosnian Kingdom . The county became hereditary in a number of noble houses, often kin to the ruling dynasty. The region came under Ottoman rule in 1482... . |
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| Prince Mutimir Mutimir of Serbia Mutimir of Serbia was Prince of the Serbs from ca 850 until 891. He defeated the Bulgar Army, allied himself with the Byzantine Emperor and ruled the First Serbian Principality when the Christianization of the Serbs took place and the Eparchy of Ras was established.He was the eldest son of Knez... |
850–891 | Mutimir was the eldest and supreme ruler, with his two younger brothers (Gojnik and Strojimir) being subordinate to him. The three brothers successfully fought off an attack by Bulgarian Prince Vladimir-Rasate Vladimir of Bulgaria Vladimir-Rasate was the ruler of Bulgaria from 889 to 893.He became ruler of Bulgaria when his father Boris-Mihail I decided to retire to a monastery after a reign of 36 years... sent by Vladimir's father Boris-Mihail Boris I of Bulgaria Boris I, also known as Boris-Mihail and Bogoris was the Knyaz of First Bulgarian Empire in 852–889. At the time of his baptism in 864, Boris was named Michael after his godfather, Emperor Michael III... (r. 852–889) in the 850s. The two younger brothers later revolted against Mutimir, who exiled them to Boris in 855-856, securing brief peace between the two nations. Emperor Basil sent missionaries to Serbia by 869. The Eparchy of Ras was established by 871, as the bishopric of Serbs. |
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| Prince Pribislav |
891–892 | He was the eldest son of Mutimir. Pribislav ruled briefly until 892 when Petar Gojniković, his cousin, returned and defeated him in battle. Pribislav fled with his two brothers (Bran and Stefan) and son, Zaharije, to Croatia. | ||||||||||||
| Prince Petar |
892–917 | born in ~870 to Gojnik Gojnik Gojnik Vlastimirović or Gojnik of Serbia was a Serbian Župan who was subject to his elder brother Mutimir, the Grand Župan of the Serbian lands from ca. 850-860 with his brother Strojimir... . His name (Peter) symbolizes the finished Christianization of Serbia. He returned from exile and deposed Pribislav in 892. He later caught Bran in 895 under an attempted coup and blinded him by Byzantine tradition, he broke off diplomatic ties with Croatia. In 897 he kills Klonimir, the son of Strojimir, in yet another attempted coup. He became the godfather of Khan Simeon and annexed Pagania, re-gained Bosnia and most of Zahumlje Zahumlje Zachlumia or Zahumlje was a medieval principality located in modern-day regions of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia... . His latter conquests was in rivalry with Mihailo, who would warn Simeon of a possible alliance between Serbia and the Byzantines. Petar defeats Pavle, the son of Bran, who was sent by Simeon. In 917, Simeon's generals tricked and captured Peter, sending him to prison in Bulgaria, where he died within a year.
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| Prince Pavle |
917–921 | born in 870-874 to Bran Bran Bran is the hard outer layer of grain and consists of combined aleurone and pericarp. Along with germ, it is an integral part of whole grains, and is often produced as a by-product of milling in the production of refined grains. When bran is removed from grains, the grains lose a portion of their... . He was sent with an army to Serbia in 917, but was defeated by Petar. After Petar was deposed, Pavle took the throne. He defeats Zaharija, the son of Pribislav, sent by the Byzantines in 920. He was initially vassal to Symeon, later he switched to the Byzantine Empire. Zaharija, now sent by the Bulgars, defeats him in 921. |
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| Prince Zaharija |
921–924 | born to Pribislav. He defeated Pavle in 921. Zaharije is sent in 920 by the Byzantines to retake the throne but is captured by Pavle and handed over to Simeon who holds Zaharije for future tactics. In the meantime, Pavle switches to Byzantine support - Simeon dispatches Zaharija with reinforcements in 921 and Zaharija wins. Zaharija betrays Simeon immediately upon taking the throne, revowing his alignment with the Byzantines. Zaharija defeats the Bulgar army in 923 and is recorded to have sent two heads and weapons of Bulgarian generals as trophies to Constantinople. In 924 a second, much larger Bulgar army is led by Časlav Klonimirović, Zaharije's second cousin. The Bulgars won the battle and Zaharija flees to Croatia. Simeon I gathers all Župans and instead of instating Časlav, he arrests them and sends them as captives to Bulgaria, annexing Serbia. | ||||||||||||
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Prince Časlav |
927–960 | born to Klonimir Klonimir Klonimir Strojimirović or Klonimir of Serbia was a 9th-century Serbian royalty that briefly ruled Dostinika in 867, a city he had occupied of the Serbian ruler Petar.His father Strojimir was the youngest son of Vlastimir of Serbia... . Liberated the central Serbian tribes from the Bulgars, concluded a voluntary confederation with the chiefs of western Bosnia and together with the provinces of Pagania, Zachumlia, Travunia, Doclea and Rascia established a state that encompassed the shores of the Adriatic sea to the Morava valley, and the Sava river to the Skadar lake. He defeated the Magyars before 960, in a second battle he was defeated and killed (after 960). The state disintegrates. According to the "Doclean Chronicle", his son-in-law Tihomir Tihomir of Rascia Tihomir of Rascia was a Serbian nobleman, mentioned only in the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja, who served as the Prince of Rascia from around 960 to 969.-Background:Tihomir's predecessor Časlav Tihomir of Rascia was a Serbian nobleman, mentioned only in the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja,... (ca 960-969), who had held the Drina Župa Drina The Drina is a 346 kilometer long river, which forms most of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It is the longest tributary of the Sava River and the longest karst river in the Dinaric Alps which belongs to the Danube river watershed... , became the Župan of Rascia after the death of Časlav. |
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| Catepanate of Ras fl. 969-976; Theme of Sirmium 1018–1071 Bulgarian rule 998-1018 The following held office of Serbia during Byzantine rule:
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Vojislavljević Dynasty
With the annexation of Rascia, the previous crownland and seat of Serbia, the county around the city of Doclea emerges into a Principality, where the leaders adopt the title archon of Serbs (signifying supreme leadership among Serbs) alongside their given offices under Byzantine overlordship. The first office-holder was Peter of DiokleiaPeter of Diokleia
Peter of Diokleia or Petar was an archon of Duklja in the 10th or 11th century. The only information on him is from a seal found in the 19th century, which is decorated on the observe with a bust of the Virgin Mary holding a medallion of Christ and flanked by two cruciform invocative monograms...
, of which we only have a seal found in the 19th century. The next known is Jovan Vladimir
Jovan Vladimir
Jovan Vladimir or John Vladimir was ruler of Duklja, the most powerful Serbian principality of the time, from around 1000 to 1016. He ruled during the protracted war between the Byzantine Empire and the First Bulgarian Empire...
, who became a Bulgarian vassal. Stefan Vojislav succeeds in giving the realm independence, he is the eponymous founder of the House of Vojislavljević
House of Vojislavljevic
The Vojislavljević was the second Serb medieval dynasty, named after archon Stefan Vojislav, who wrestled the region from Byzantine hands in the 1040s...
that ruled Duklja
Duklja
Doclea or Duklja was a medieval state with hereditary lands roughly encompassing the territories of present-day southeastern Montenegro, from Kotor on the west to the river Bojana on the east and to the sources of Zeta and Morača rivers on the north....
from the early 11th century up to the 1120s. The dynasty may have been a cadet branch of the preceding Vlastimirovids.
| Picture | TitleName | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
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Prince Jovan Vladimir Jovan Vladimir Jovan Vladimir or John Vladimir was ruler of Duklja, the most powerful Serbian principality of the time, from around 1000 to 1016. He ruled during the protracted war between the Byzantine Empire and the First Bulgarian Empire... |
992-1016 | Jovan fought to protect Duklja from Bulgarian expansion, making an alliance with Byzantium; Bulgaria however conquered Doclea in 997 and took Jovan Vladimir prisoner. Jovan ruled Duklja as a vassal of the Bulgarian empire until his murder in 1016. |
| Prince Vojislav |
1018–1043 | Overthrew the Byzantine supremacy over Serbs in Duklja; founder of the House of Vojislavljević House of Vojislavljevic The Vojislavljević was the second Serb medieval dynasty, named after archon Stefan Vojislav, who wrestled the region from Byzantine hands in the 1040s... ; in 1035 rebelled against the Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State... , but forced to sign an armistice Armistice An armistice is a situation in a war where the warring parties agree to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, but may be just a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace... ; went to war again in 1040, which would be continued by his heir and son, Mihajlo. Except Doclea, his realm included Travunija with Konavli and Zahumlje Zahumlje Zachlumia or Zahumlje was a medieval principality located in modern-day regions of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia... . |
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| Grand Prince, King Mihailo I |
1050–1081 | Grand Prince 1050–1077, King 1077–1081. note: Rascia is liberated from Byzantine rule and restored into the Serbian realm of Doclea, with Duklja being the seat. |
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Grand Prince, King Constantine Bodin |
1081–1101 | son of Michael. He was crowned 'Tsar of Bulgaria' as Peter III in 1072, after the being chosen by Bulgarian nobles through his Cometopuli lineage, he was sent of with an army that would conquer parts of southern Serbia and Macedonia. He was captured and sent to Constantinople, where he spent several years. He was rescued in 1078 by Venetian sailors, and in 1081 he succeeds his father as King. He enlarged his realm, installing his nephews and other family in Bosnia and Rascia. He is captured by the Byzantines in the 1090s, and continues as a mere Byzantine vassal, with his peripheral provinces gaining independence, of which Rascia becomes the most powerful one. note: Rascia breaks out of the state, subsequently becoming the most powerful of the Serbian principalities (1091). Doclea is continued with a number of Byzantine and Serbian vassals (until 1146) - see List of rulers of Duklja. |
Vukanović Dynasty
In the mid-11th century, Mihailo I had liberated Rascia from Byzantine rule, and appointed his son Petrislav to rule as Prince, independently. In 1083, Constantine Bodin appoints brothers Vukan and Marko, sons of Petrislav, as rulers of Rascia. In 1089, the Byzantines capture Bodin, and Vukan retains independence, founding the Vukanović dynasty. The Vukanovići quickly claim the following Serbian domains in the following decades, and by 1148, the maritime possessions are united with the inland. The Byzantine Empire at times intervened in the political scene, and at times Serbia had Hungary as its main ally. The dynasty ruled until 1165, when a dynastic branch is instated by the Byzantines.| Picture | TitleName | Reign | Notes |
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| Grand Prince Vukan |
1083–1112 | Vukan was the son of Petrislav, the Prince of Rascia and son of Mihailo I, that held the office from ca 1060. In 1083, Constantine Bodin appoints Vukan to the supreme rule of "Rascia", while Vukan's brother Marko administrated a part of the land, most likely the frontier region in the north. After the Byzantine campaign against Duklja in 1089, and the subsequent civil war, Vukan asserted independence, ruling as Grand Prince, becoming the most powerful Serb ruler as of ca 1091. He began raiding Byzantine territories in 1090, taking Kosovo, and defeated a Byzantine army in 1092. Vukan made peace with Alexios I Komnenos Alexios I Komnenos Alexios I Komnenos, Latinized as Alexius I Comnenus , was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118, and although he was not the founder of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power. The title 'Nobilissimus' was given to senior army commanders,... , after the Emperor had threatened with a larger army. However, Vukan immediately broke the treaty as the Byzantines marched onto the dangerous Cumans in Adrianople. Vukan conquers the cities along the Vardar. In 1095, the Emperor meets Vukan and renews the treaty. Vukan again raided Macedonia Macedonia (region) Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time, but nowadays the region is considered to include parts of five Balkan countries: Greece, the Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria, Albania, Serbia, as... , as the First Crusade First Crusade The First Crusade was a military expedition by Western Christianity to regain the Holy Lands taken in the Muslim conquest of the Levant, ultimately resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem... began. In 1106 he nominally recognized Alexios I. Note: Rascia is elevated to an independent Grand Principality. |
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| Grand Prince Uroš I Uroš I of Rascia Uroš I Vukanović was the Grand Prince of the Grand Principality of Serbia from ca 1112 to 1145.-Origin:Uroš I was the son of Marko, the brother of Grand Prince Vukan, who had swore an oath of loyalty to Constantine Bodin, the Grand Prince of Duklja, becoming his vassals... |
1112–1145 | Uroš I was the son of either Vukan or Marko. In the treaty concluded between Vukan and Alexios I in 1095, Uroš I and Stefan Vukan became "guarantors of peace", as hostages to the Byzantines. Uroš succeeds the throne when Vukan dies. In ca 1130, he married of his daughter, Jelena, to King Béla II of Hungary Béla II of Hungary Béla II the Blind , King of Hungary and Croatia . Still as a child, Béla was blinded by his uncle, King Coloman who wanted to ensure the succession of his own son, the future King Stephen II... . Béla II, being blind, relied entirely on Jelena who acted as a co-ruler. In 1137, Ladislaus II Ladislaus II of Hungary Ladislaus II , King of Hungary. As a younger son, he was able to ascend to the throne only with the assistance of the Byzantine Empire against his nephew, King Stephen III after his brother's death... , the son of Béla II and Jelena (the grandson of Uroš), becomes the Ban of Bosnia. |
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Grand Prince Uroš II |
1145–1162 | replaced his father at 1131 or around 1140 and ruled until 1155. note: Duklja Duklja Doclea or Duklja was a medieval state with hereditary lands roughly encompassing the territories of present-day southeastern Montenegro, from Kotor on the west to the river Bojana on the east and to the sources of Zeta and Morača rivers on the north.... and Travunia Travunia Travunia was a medieval region, administrative unit and principality, which was part of Medieval Serbia , and in its last years, the Bosnian Kingdom . The county became hereditary in a number of noble houses, often kin to the ruling dynasty. The region came under Ottoman rule in 1482... is re-incorporated into the realm. |
| Grand Prince Beloš Beloš Vukanović Beloš , a member of the Vukanović dynasty of Serbia, was the Regent of Hungary 1141-1146 alongside his sister Helen, who was married to Béla II with whom she had a son, Géza II, still an infant. He held the title of dux, and was the viceregal of Croatia 1142-1158 and 1163. Beloš, as a member of... |
1162 | Instated by Manuel I Komnenos Manuel I Komnenos Manuel I Komnenos was a Byzantine Emperor of the 12th century who reigned over a crucial turning point in the history of Byzantium and the Mediterranean.... . |
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| Grand Prince Desa |
1162–1166 | Desa took Zeta (Duklja) and Travunia from Radoslav of Duklja Radoslav of Duklja Radoslav Gradinjić was the Prince of Duklja, from 1146 to 1148.He succeeded his father, Gradinja, as ruler of Dioclea. However, Radoslav had to travel to Byzantine emperor Manuel Comenus in Constantinople to gain the authority to rule over Dioclea, which he did... and unified the coastal Serbian Principalities under his firm grip. |
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| Grand Prince Tihomir Tihomir of Serbia Tihomir Zavidović or Tihomir of Serbia was the Grand Prince of the Grand Principality of Serbia fl. 1162-1171.-Life:He was the first born child of Zavida. After the death of his father, Tihomir is appointed supreme ruler as the Grand Prince of Serbia by Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus,... |
1166 | First son of Zavida Zavida Zavida or Beli Uroš was a 12th-century Serbian royal member who briefly ruled as Župan of Zahumlje and later held the title "Lord of Ribnica".... , exiled Župan of Zahumlje Zahumlje Zachlumia or Zahumlje was a medieval principality located in modern-day regions of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia... . |
After Desa's revolt, in 1165 the Byzantium divided the Serb lands between the four sons of Zavida: Tihomir in Raška, Stracimir in Duklja, Miroslav in Zahumlje
Zahumlje
Zachlumia or Zahumlje was a medieval principality located in modern-day regions of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia...
and Travunia
Travunia
Travunia was a medieval region, administrative unit and principality, which was part of Medieval Serbia , and in its last years, the Bosnian Kingdom . The county became hereditary in a number of noble houses, often kin to the ruling dynasty. The region came under Ottoman rule in 1482...
, and Stefan Nemanja
Stefan Nemanja
Stefan Nemanja was the Grand Prince of the Grand Principality of Serbia from 1166 to 1196, a heir of the Vukanović dynasty that marked the beginning of a greater Serbian realm .He is remembered for his contributions to Serbian culture and...
in Toplica (in today's central Serbia). Stefan Nemanja rebelled against his eldest brother Tihomir in 1166, who fled with his brothers Stracimir and Miroslav to Byzantium to seek help. But later on, Stefan Nemanja defeated his Greek army of mercenaries in the same year near the town of Pantino on Kosovo in which poor Tihomir drowned in the River of Sitnica. Nemanja captured his other brothers and made peace with them by giving them rule in their former parts of the land to recognise him as the only ruler of Rashka or Serbia. The Nemanjić dynasty was named after Stefan Nemanja and ruled over Serbia until 1371.
Nemanjić Era (1166–1371)
The House of NemanjićHouse of Nemanjic
The Nemanjić was the most important dynasty of Serbia in the Middle Ages, and one of the most important in Southeastern Europe. The royal house produced eleven Serbian monarchs between 1166 and 1371. It's progenitor was Stephen Nemanja, who descended from a cadet line of the Vukanović dynasty...
ruled the Serb lands between ca. 1166 up to 1371.
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Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja Stefan Nemanja Stefan Nemanja was the Grand Prince of the Grand Principality of Serbia from 1166 to 1196, a heir of the Vukanović dynasty that marked the beginning of a greater Serbian realm .He is remembered for his contributions to Serbian culture and... |
1166–1196 | Nemanja is the eponymous founder of the Nemanjić dynasty House of Nemanjic The Nemanjić was the most important dynasty of Serbia in the Middle Ages, and one of the most important in Southeastern Europe. The royal house produced eleven Serbian monarchs between 1166 and 1371. It's progenitor was Stephen Nemanja, who descended from a cadet line of the Vukanović dynasty... . He re-established control over the neighbouring territories Political entities inhabited or ruled by Serbs This is a list of Serb countries and regions throughout history, called Serbian lands by historians . It includes empires, countries, states, provinces, regions and territories that have or had in the past one of the following characteristics:... , including Duklja, Hum and Travunia. In his last years, he joined his son Sava and took monastic vows, later recognized as Saint Symeon after numerous alleged miracles following his death. Note: Duklja, Zahumlje and Travunija is reconquered, Nemanja is proclaimed "Grand Prince of All Serbia" |
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Grand Prince Vukan II |
1202–1204 | eldest son of Stefan Nemanja. He held the appanage of "Duklja, Dalmatia (Zahumlje), Travunija, Toplica and Hvosno" as Grand Prince, by 1190. He was the initial heir presumptive, but his father chose Stefan II instead upon the abdication in 1166. With the death of Nemanja, Vukan started plotting against his brother. He found help in Hungary, and together they forced Stefan II to flee to Bulgaria. He ruled as a Hungarian vassal, evident in Emeric I's title "King of Serbia". He left the throne in 1204, and continued to rule his appanage, he was later pardoned by the third brother Saint Sava Saint Sava Saint Sava was a Serbian Prince and Orthodox monk, the first Archbishop of the autocephalous Serbian Church, the founder of Serbian law and literature, and a diplomat. Sava was born Rastko Nemanjić , the youngest son of Serbian Grand Župan Stefan Nemanja , and ruled the appanage of Hum briefly in... . |
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| King Stefan II the First-crowned |
1196–1202 1204–1228 |
second son of Stefan Nemanja. He inherited the title of Grand Prince in 1196 when his father retired as a monk. His reign began with a struggle against his brother Vukan II, who expelled Stefan to Bulgaria. Kaloyan Kaloyan of Bulgaria Kaloyan the Romanslayer , Ivan II , ruled as emperor of Bulgaria 1197-1207. He is the third and youngest brother of Peter IV and Ivan Asen I who managed to restore the Bulgarian Empire... gave him an army of Cumans Cumans The Cumans were Turkic nomadic people comprising the western branch of the Cuman-Kipchak confederation. After Mongol invasion , they decided to seek asylum in Hungary, and subsequently to Bulgaria... in exchange for eastern territories. The crisis ended when Sava negotiated a peace between the brothers and Stefan's power was cemented. He was crowned King in 1217, and then Sava Saint Sava Saint Sava was a Serbian Prince and Orthodox monk, the first Archbishop of the autocephalous Serbian Church, the founder of Serbian law and literature, and a diplomat. Sava was born Rastko Nemanjić , the youngest son of Serbian Grand Župan Stefan Nemanja , and ruled the appanage of Hum briefly in... gains autocephaly Autocephaly Autocephaly , in hierarchical Christian churches and especially Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, is the status of a hierarchical church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop... , becoming the first Archbishop of Serbs in 1219, thus Serbia retained full independence. |
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King Stefan Radoslav |
1228–1233 | son of Stefan II. He ruled Zahumlje during the reign of his father, and also held a governor status of Zeta. He was the co-founder of the Žiča monastery with his father, who would abdicate in 1227 due to illness, taking monastic vows. Radoslav was crowned by his uncle Sava Saint Sava Saint Sava was a Serbian Prince and Orthodox monk, the first Archbishop of the autocephalous Serbian Church, the founder of Serbian law and literature, and a diplomat. Sava was born Rastko Nemanjić , the youngest son of Serbian Grand Župan Stefan Nemanja , and ruled the appanage of Hum briefly in... , the Archbishop of Serbia. His marriage to Anna Doukaina Angelina would prove unpopular as she undermined his authority, he lost the loyalty of the people and in 1233 a revolt against them prompted the couple to flee to Dubrovnik Dubrovnik Dubrovnik is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641... . |
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King Stefan Vladislav |
1233–1243 | son of Stefan II. He succeeded his brother Radoslav in 1233 and ruled for 10 years, before being overthrown by his younger brother Uroš. He continued to rule Zeta. The first known flag design of Serbia was found in his treasury. | ||||
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King Stefan Uroš |
1243–1276 | son of Stefan II. He succeeded his brother Vladislav. He boosted trade with Dubrovnik and Kotor, marking a beginning of economic prosperity. In 1253 a war was fought against Dubrovnik, peace was signed in 1254, and in the 1260s a second war begun that ended in 1268. Uroš immediately turned towards Hungary, successfully taking Mačva Macva Mačva is a geographical region in Serbia, mostly situated in the northwest of Central Serbia. It is located in a fertile plain between the Sava and Drina rivers. The chief town of this region is Šabac. The modern Mačva District of Serbia is named after the region, although the region of Mačva... , he was however captured and peace was ensured between the two Kings through marriage of Dragutin and Catherine, the daughter of Stephen V of Hungary Stephen V of Hungary Stephen V , was King of Hungary from 1270 to 1272.-Early years:... . His oldest son Dragutin would have succeeded his rule, but Uroš favored Stefan Milutin, the younger son, as successor. He was overthrown by Dragutin in 1276. |
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| King Stefan Dragutin |
1276–1282 1282–1316 |
son of Stefan Uroš I. He overthrew his father with help from the Hungarian royalty (through his marriage to Catherine of Hungary Catherine of Hungary, Queen of Serbia Catherine of Hungary was the second daughter of Stephen V of Hungary and his wife Elizabeth, a member of the Cuman tribes. Catherine became Queen consort of Serbia by her marriage to Stephen Dragutin of Serbia.-Family:... ) after the Battle of Gacko. He was injured in 1282, and gave the supreme rule to his younger brother Milutin, but continued to rule what would later become the Kingdom of Srem with the capital at Belgrade Belgrade Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe... . Milutin boosted relations with the Byzantine Emperor, and refused to give the rule to Vladislav II (Dragutin's son), causing a split of the Kingdom. Dragutin continued to rule the northern frontier in Hungarian alliance, but in the last years re-connected with Serbia, acting as a vassal. |
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King Stefan Uroš II Milutin |
1282–1321 | son of Stefan Uroš I. He succeeded his brother Dragutin. Upon his accession, he immediately turned towards Macedonia, conquering the northern part with Skoplje, which became his capital. He continued deep into Byzantine lands, taking northern Albania and as far as Kavala. He also took Bulgarian Vidin Vidin Vidin is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Serbia and Romania, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as of the Metropolitan of Vidin... , and later Durres Durrës Durrës is the second largest city of Albania located on the central Albanian coast, about west of the capital Tirana. It is one of the most ancient and economically important cities of Albania. Durres is situated at one of the narrower points of the Adriatic Sea, opposite the Italian ports of Bari... . He was in a succession war with Dragutin after peace was signed with the Byzantines in 1299. Milutin aids the Byzantines against the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Gallipoli (1312) Battle of Gallipoli (1312) The Battle of Gallipoli was fought in 1312, between the Byzantine Empire and Serbian Kingdom, against Turcopoles led by Halil Pasha.The Turks were looting and pillaging the countryside. For two years Thrace was in the hands of Halil Pasha, the local inhabitants did not cultivate their lands at the... , which ended in a victory. When Dragutin died he put most of his lands with Belgrade under his rule, in the same year his son Stefan Uroš III tried to overthrow him, resulting in him being exiled to Constantinople Constantinople Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:... . In 1319 the Hungarians took all of Dragutin's lands but Braničevo Branicevo Braničevo can refer to:* Braničevo , a geographical region in Serbia.* Braničevo District, a district in Serbia.* Braničevo , a village in Serbia, in the Golubac municipality.... . Stefan Konstantin Stefan Konstantin Stephen Constantine was the King of Serbia briefly for a year 1321–1322. He initially held the appanage of Zeta . He was the only pretender to the Serbian thone, after his father had exiled his younger brother and initial heir Stefan Uroš III... was to be King, but Uroš III returns to Serbia in 1321, being pardoned, retaining the rule.
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| King Stefan Uroš III of Dečani Decani Decani is the side of a church choir occupied by the Dean. In English churches this is typically the choir stalls on the south side of the chancel, although there are some notable exceptions, such as Durham Cathedral and Southwell Minster... |
1321–1331 | son of Stefan Uroš II Milutin
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Emperor ↑King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan the Mighty |
1331–1355 | son of Uroš III. He was a very skilled military leader, and defeated Bosnia and Bulgaria at the age of 20. As his father was not an able conqueror, Dušan removed him from the throne. Dušan doubled the size of the realm, taking Byzantine lands as far as the Peloponnese Peloponnese The Peloponnese, Peloponnesos or Peloponnesus , is a large peninsula , located in a region of southern Greece, forming the part of the country south of the Gulf of Corinth... . He was crowned Emperor in 1346. The Serbian Empire flourished, becoming one of the most developed countries and cultures in Europe. He enacted the constitution - Dušan's Code Dušan's Code Dušan's Code was enacted by Tsar Dušan in two state congresses: in May 21, 1349 in Skopje and amended in 1354 in Serres. It regulated all social spheres, so it can be considered a medieval Serbian constitution. The Code included 201 articles. The original manuscript is not preserved, but around... in 1349. |
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Emperor Stefan Uroš V the Weak |
1355–1371 | |||||
| Despot of Epirus and Thessaly Despotate of Epirus The Despotate or Principality of Epirus was one of the Byzantine Greek successor states of the Byzantine Empire that emerged in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204. It claimed to be the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire, along with the Empire of Nicaea, and the Empire of Trebizond... Simeon Uroš Simeon Uroš Simeon Uroš Nemanjić, nicknamed Siniša , also known in Greek as Symeōn Ouresēs Palaiologos , was the Despot of Epirus from 1359 to 1366, and of Thessaly from 1359 until his death in 1370. He governed Epirus and Acarnania under his half-brother Emperor Dušan the Mighty Simeon Uroš Nemanjić,... |
uncle of Uroš V. He was appointed governor in the southwestern conquered regions in 1348, and ruled until 1355, when his brother-in-law Nikephoros II Orsini Nikephoros II Orsini Nikephoros II Orsini - Doukas , was the ruler of Epirus from 1335 to 1338 and from 1356 until his death in 1359.-Life:... returned and rallied support. Nikephoros was killed in 1359, and Simeon continued his rule until his death in 1371. He proclaimed himself "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks" in 1356, however against the wishes of nobility of Serbia proper and Macedonia. After an unsuccessful invasion of Zeta, he gave up the idea of ruling Serbia. |
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| Ruler of Epirus and Thessaly Jovan Uroš |
son of Simeon Uroš. Succeeded his father as titular "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks" and ruled an area of Epirus and Thessaly 1370–1373 before taking monastic vows. In 1384–1385 he helped his sister Empress Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina was ruler of Epirus from 1385 to 1386. She took the title of Basilissa of Epirus or Empress/Queen of Epirus.... govern Epirus (she was the widow of Thomas II Preljubović Thomas II Preljubovic Thomas II Preljubović or Komnenos Palaiologos , was ruler of Epirus in Ioannina from 1366 to his death on December 23, 1384. He also held the title of Albanian-slayer .-Family:... , the Despot of Epirus 1367–1384). |
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Fall of the Serbian Empire and Despot Era (1371–1530)
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| Lazarević House of Lazarevic The House of Lazarević was a noble Serbian medieval dynasty.The dynasty starts with Lazar Hrebeljanović, son of Pribac Hrebeljanović -a noble at the court of Dušan the Mighty and of Princess Jelena Zupan Rascia-Nemanjic of Serbia... |
Mrnjavčević House of Mrnjavcevic The House of Mrnjavčević was a medieval Serbian noble house that existed during the Serbian Empire, its fall, and the subsequent years when it held a region of present-day Macedonia region. The house ruled a province from its base at Prilep from 1366 to 1395.Vukašin Mrnjavčević was a military... |
Balšić House of Balšic The Balšić was a noble house that ruled Zeta and the coastlands , from 1362 to 1421, during the fall of the Serbian Empire. Balša, the eponymous founder, was a petty nobleman that held only one village during the rule of Emperor Dušan the Mighty The Balšić was a noble house that ruled Zeta and... |
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The crumbling Serbian Empire
Serbian Empire
The Serbian Empire was a short-lived medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the Serbian Kingdom. Stephen Uroš IV Dušan was crowned Emperor of Serbs and Greeks on 16 April, 1346, a title signifying a successorship to the Eastern Roman Empire...
under Uroš the Weak was to be of little resistance to the powerful Ottoman Empire. In light of conflicts and decentralization of the realm, the Ottomans defeated the Serbs at the Battle of Maritsa
Battle of Maritsa
The Battle of Maritsa, or Battle of Chernomen, took place at the Maritsa River near the village of Chernomen on September 26, 1371 between the forces of the Ottoman sultan Murad I's lieutenant Lala Şâhin Paşa and the...
in 1371, making vassals of the southern governors, soon thereafter, the Emperor died. As Uroš was childless and the nobility could not agree on the rightful heir, the Empire was ruled by semi-independent provincial lords, who often were in feuds with each other. The most powerful of these, Tsar Lazar, a Duke of present-day central Serbia (which had not yet come under the Ottoman yoke), stood against the Ottomans at the Battle of Kosovo
Battle of Kosovo
The Battle of Kosovo took place on St. Vitus' Day, June 15, 1389, between the army led by Serbian Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović, and the invading army of the Ottoman Empire under the leadership of Sultan Murad I...
in 1389. The result was indecisive, but it resulted in the subsequent fall of Serbia.
The administration was divided in the following:
- Moravian SerbiaMoravian SerbiaThe Moravian Serbia was one of the states that emerged from the collapse of the Serbian Empire in the 14th century. The state was created through political and military activities of its first ruler Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović, who later fought and perished at the Battle of Kosovo.-History:Lazar...
: Lazar, a nobleman and close friend of the Nemanjić, would govern modern Central Serbia. He married Milica, a descendant of Stefan Nemanja's eldest son Vukan. He held the title of Lord during the Empire, and Prince after the death of Uroš V. He had a son, Stefan, who would succeed as Prince, and in 1402 he was given the title despotēsDespotesDespot , was a senior Byzantine court title that was bestowed on the sons or sons-in-law of reigning emperors, and initially denoted the heir-apparent...
(hence "Serbian Despotate").- District of Branković: Vuk Branković, the son of Ohrid deputy Branko, would govern Sjenica, Kosovo and Skopje under the suzerainty of Lazar. He had a son, Đurađ Branković, who would succeed Despot Stefan. Their province continues as part of the Serbian Despotate.
- Lordship of Zeta: Balša, a nobleman and distant relative of the Nemanjić, held only one town during Dušan, and during Uroš V, he is recognized as "provincial lord" holding Zeta region. He is succeeded by Đurađ, who ruled independently and was in rivalry with Marko. Đurađ II recognizes the overlordship of Lazar in 1386. The Balšić continue ruling Lower Zeta, while in Upper Zeta, Radič CrnojevićRadic CrnojevicRadič Crnojević "Lord of the Zeta and Budva and the other parts of Serbia", was a Serbian lord of the Đurašević-Crnojević clan who maintained a domain in Upper Zeta. Radič later expanded his domain to parts of Lower Zeta, including Grbalj, Paštrovići and Budva. Radič was a son of Crnoje...
take the rule, and by 1421 Crnojević held all Zeta under the Serbian Despotate. (see List of rulers of Zeta)
- Lordship of Prilep: Vukašin, a nobleman and close friend of Uroš V, would govern most of the Macedonia region. He held the title of Lord during Dušan, and under Uroš V, he was crowned King as [subordinate] co-ruler in 1365. Vukašin ruled as "Lord of the Serbian and Greek lands, and of the western provinces." He was succeeded by Marko, who became an Ottoman vassal. Their province is annexed by 1395.
- Lordship of Kumanovo/Velbazhd: Dejan, a nobleman and brother-in-law of Dušan, would govern Preševo to Kyustendil. Jovan succeeds him as Despot in 1365, and becomes an Ottoman vassal in 1371. Their province is annexed by 1395.
| Picture | TitleName | Reign | Overlordship | Notes |
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| District of Pomoravlje Moravian Serbia The Moravian Serbia was one of the states that emerged from the collapse of the Serbian Empire in the 14th century. The state was created through political and military activities of its first ruler Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović, who later fought and perished at the Battle of Kosovo.-History:Lazar... /Lordship of Serbia/Serbian Despotate (Lazarević House of Lazarevic The House of Lazarević was a noble Serbian medieval dynasty.The dynasty starts with Lazar Hrebeljanović, son of Pribac Hrebeljanović -a noble at the court of Dušan the Mighty and of Princess Jelena Zupan Rascia-Nemanjic of Serbia... ) |
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| Lord, Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović Lazar of Serbia Lazar Hrebeljanović , was a medieval nobleman that emerged as the most powerful Serbian ruler after the death of the previous, childless, Emperor Uroš the Weak, which resulted in years of instability in the Serbian realm. As Stefan Lazar, he was Prince of Serbia from 1371 to 1389, ruling what is... |
1371–1389 | None | After Uroš V died, the last of the Nemanjić emperors, through a combination of diplomacy, military action, and family alliances, Lazar emerged from the resulting power vacuum as the most powerful Serbian noble not in the Ottomans Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries... ' service. He acquired dynastic legitimacy by marrying Milica Nemanjić, and despite retaining only the minor title of knez ("prince"), he nevertheless used the imperial name of 'Stefan' as well as the designation "autocrator". Lazar spent his time strengthening the Serbian state, knowing fully well that he would eventually have to face the Ottoman threat. He unified most of Serbia under his rule and managed to gain the loyalty of a majority of the Serbs. He also ceded the title "King of Serbs" to King Tvrtko of Bosnia (who in any case had more ties to the Nemanjić's than Prince Lazar). His first major military action was at the Battle of Dubravnica Battle of Dubravnica The Battle of Dubravnica was fought in the summer of 1380 or December 1381, on the Dubravnica River near Paraćin in today's central Serbia, between the Serbian forces of Prince Lazar of Serbia led by commanders Vitomir and Crep and the invading Ottoman Turks of Sultan Murad I... where his two subjects, Crep and Vladimir managed to decisively defeat an Ottoman army in southern Serbia. No further recorded hostilities took place until the Battle of Pločnik Battle of Plocnik The Battle of Pločnik was fought in 1386 , at the village of Pločnik, near Prokuplje in today's southeastern Serbia, between the Serbian forces of prince Lazar Hrebeljanović and the invading Ottoman Turks of sultan Murad I.It was the second clash between the Ottomans and forces commanded by Lazar,... where Knez Lazar managed to crush an Ottoman force and drive them back to Niš Niš Niš is the largest city of southern Serbia and third-largest city in Serbia . According to the data from 2011, the city of Niš has a population of 177,972 inhabitants, while the city municipality has a population of 257,867. The city covers an area of about 597 km2, including the urban area,... . Serbian troops also took part in the Battle of Bileća Battle of Bileca The Battle of Bileća was fought on 27 August 1388 between Bosnian forces led by Duke Vlatko Vuković and the Ottomans under the leadership of Lala Shahin Pasha... where again he defeated the Turks. Lazar was killed during the 1389 Battle of Kosovo Battle of Kosovo The Battle of Kosovo took place on St. Vitus' Day, June 15, 1389, between the army led by Serbian Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović, and the invading army of the Ottoman Empire under the leadership of Sultan Murad I... along with most of Serbia's political elite. |
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Prince, Despot Stefan Lazarević Stefan Lazarevic Stefan Lazarević known also as Stevan the Tall was a Serbian Despot, ruler of the Serbian Despotate between 1389 and 1427. He was the son and heir to Prince Lazar, who died at the Battle of Kosovo against the Turks in 1389, and Princess Milica from the subordinate branch of the Nemanjić dynasty... |
1389–1427 | Ottoman 1391–1404 Hungarian 1404–1427 |
son of Lazar. In 1391, Serbia became an Ottoman vassal, so Stefan was obliged to aid the Ottoman sultan in battles when asked. He did so in the Battle of Rovine Battle of Rovine The Battle of Rovine took place on 17 May 1395 between the Wallachian army led by Voivod Mircea cel Bătrân against the Ottoman invasion led by sultan Bayezid I. The Ottoman army, numbering approximately 40,000 men, faced the much smaller Wallachian army, which was about 10,000 men... in May 1395 against the Wallachia Wallachia Wallachia or Walachia is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians... n prince Mircea I Mircea I of Wallachia Mircea the Elder was ruler of Wallachia from 1386 until his death. The byname "elder" was given to him after his death in order to distinguish him from his grandson Mircea II... and the Battle of Nicopolis Battle of Nicopolis The Battle of Nicopolis took place on 25 September 1396 and resulted in the rout of an allied army of Hungarian, Wallachian, French, Burgundian, German and assorted troops at the hands of an Ottoman force, raising of the siege of the Danubian fortress of Nicopolis and leading to the end of the... in 1396 against the Hungarian king Sigismund Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund of Luxemburg KG was King of Hungary, of Croatia from 1387 to 1437, of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, the last Emperor of the House of Luxemburg. He was also King of Italy from 1431, and of Germany from 1411... . After that, Sultan Bayezid awarded Stefan with the Vuk Branković's land on Kosovo, as Branković sided with the Hungarian king at Nicopolis. When Mongols Mongols Mongols ) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia... entered the Ottoman realm, Stefan Lazarević participated in the Battle of Angora in 1402 when Ottomans were defeated and sultan Bayezid was captured. Returning to Serbia, Stefan visited Constantinople Constantinople Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:... where the Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos Manuel II Palaiologos Manuel II Palaiologos or Palaeologus was Byzantine Emperor from 1391 to 1425.-Life:... granted him the title of despot. In previous years, title would mean that the despot would rule some vassal state, but as the Byzantine Empire was too weak to assert such a rule and Serbia was not its vassal state, Stefan Lazarević took this title as the personal style of the Serbian monarchs, thus the Principality of Serbia became the Serbian Despotate. |
| See "Serbian Despotate". | ||||
| Picture | TitleName | Reign | Overlordship | Notes |
| Lordship of Prilep (Mrnjavčević House of Mrnjavcevic The House of Mrnjavčević was a medieval Serbian noble house that existed during the Serbian Empire, its fall, and the subsequent years when it held a region of present-day Macedonia region. The house ruled a province from its base at Prilep from 1366 to 1395.Vukašin Mrnjavčević was a military... ) |
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| Lord, King Vukašin Mrnjavčević Vukašin Mrnjavcevic Vukašin Mrnjavčević was a Serbian ruler in modern-day central and northwestern Macedonia, who ruled from 1365 to 1371. According to 17th-century Ragusan historian Mavro Orbin, his father was a minor noble named Mrnjava from Zachlumia, whose sons Vukašin and Uglješa were born in Livno in western... |
1365–1371 | None | Killed in the Battle of Maritsa Battle of Maritsa The Battle of Maritsa, or Battle of Chernomen, took place at the Maritsa River near the village of Chernomen on September 26, 1371 between the forces of the Ottoman sultan Murad I's lieutenant Lala Şâhin Paşa and the... . |
|
| King Marko Prince Marko Marko Mrnjavčević was de jure the Serbian king from 1371 to 1395, while de facto he ruled only over a territory in western Macedonia centered on the town of Prilep... |
1371–1395 | Ottoman | son of Vukašin. Killed in the Battle of Rovine Battle of Rovine The Battle of Rovine took place on 17 May 1395 between the Wallachian army led by Voivod Mircea cel Bătrân against the Ottoman invasion led by sultan Bayezid I. The Ottoman army, numbering approximately 40,000 men, faced the much smaller Wallachian army, which was about 10,000 men... . |
|
Serbian Despotate (Branković DynastyHouse of BrankovicHouse of Branković or Brankovići was a noble Serbian medieval dynasty. The family descent via female line through marriage from the Royal House of Nemanjić. The families rise to prominence during the time of disintegration of Serbian Empire under the last ruler of House of Nemanjić...
)
The family descends from the House of NemanjićHouse of Nemanjic
The Nemanjić was the most important dynasty of Serbia in the Middle Ages, and one of the most important in Southeastern Europe. The royal house produced eleven Serbian monarchs between 1166 and 1371. It's progenitor was Stephen Nemanja, who descended from a cadet line of the Vukanović dynasty...
and House of Lazarević
House of Lazarevic
The House of Lazarević was a noble Serbian medieval dynasty.The dynasty starts with Lazar Hrebeljanović, son of Pribac Hrebeljanović -a noble at the court of Dušan the Mighty and of Princess Jelena Zupan Rascia-Nemanjic of Serbia...
via female line. The family rises to prominence during the time of disintegration of Serbian Empire
Serbian Empire
The Serbian Empire was a short-lived medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the Serbian Kingdom. Stephen Uroš IV Dušan was crowned Emperor of Serbs and Greeks on 16 April, 1346, a title signifying a successorship to the Eastern Roman Empire...
under the last ruler of House of Nemanjić
House of Nemanjic
The Nemanjić was the most important dynasty of Serbia in the Middle Ages, and one of the most important in Southeastern Europe. The royal house produced eleven Serbian monarchs between 1166 and 1371. It's progenitor was Stephen Nemanja, who descended from a cadet line of the Vukanović dynasty...
. The original family domains were centred around Kosovo
Kosovo
Kosovo is a region in southeastern Europe. Part of the Ottoman Empire for more than five centuries, later the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija within Serbia...
region, one of the heartlands of medieval Serbian state. Later members of the house extended their rule over all remaining independent regions of Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
making them the last suzerain rulers of medieval Serbia. The dynasty ruled over Despotate of Serbia
Serbian Despotate
The Serbian Despotate was a Serbian state, the last to be conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Although the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 is generally considered the end of the medieval Serbian state, the Despotate, a successor of the Serbian Empire and Moravian Serbia survived for 70 more years,...
from 1427 to 1459.
| Picture | TitleName | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Despot Đurađ I |
1427 - 26 December 1456 | grandson of Lazar I |
| Despot Lazar II |
December 1456 - 20 January 1458 | son of Đurađ I | |
| Despot Stefan |
1458 – April 8, 1459 | son of Đurađ I, regent for niece. Serbia proper was annexed by the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries... in 1459. |
|
| Despoina Maria |
1459 | daughter of Lazar II. Also the Queen of Bosnia. |
|
Titular Serbian Despots
| Picture | Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vuk Vuk Grgurevic Vuk Grgurević Branković , also known as Vuk the Fiery Dragon , was the titular Despot of Serbia from 1471 until his death in 1485... |
1471–1485 | grandson of Đurađ I. In 1471 a dependent Serbian state was established by the Hungarians mostly on the territory of Vojvodina Vojvodina Vojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad... and Syrmia Syrmia Syrmia is a fertile region of the Pannonian Plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia in the east and Croatia in the west.... . |
|
| Đurađ II / Đorđe Branković | 1486–1496 | son of Stefan Branković, abdicated | |
| Jovan Branković Jovan Branković Jovan Branković was the titular Despot of Serbia from 1496 until his death in 1502. He held the title of despot given to him by Vladislas II of Hungary, and ruled a region known as Racszag under the Kingdom of Hungary... |
1496–1502 | son of Stefan Branković | |
| Jelena Jakšić | 1502–1504 | widow of Jovan Branković. | |
| Ivaniš Berislavić Ivaniš Berislavić Ivaniš Berislavić was the Despot of Serbia 1504-1514.-Background:Ivaniš Berislavić was a member of the House of Berislavić, a Croatian noble family from Slavonia, subordinate to the Kingdom of Hungary.-Life:... |
1504–1514 | Married widow of Jovan Branković | |
| Stefan Berislavić | 1514–1521 | son of Ivaniš and Jelena. Deposed | |
| Radič Božić Radič Božić Radič Božić was the Despot of Serbia in 1527 until his death in September 1528. He ruled a territory under the Hungarian crown, and was the voivode of a large army that fought the Ottoman Empire in several battles, most notably the Battle of Mohács.... |
1527 | Vassal of John Zapolya. | |
| Pavle Bakić Pavle Bakić Pavle Bakić was the last Despot of Serbia, he ruled a large territory under the Hungarian crown until his death in 1537.-Life:Pavle had a Turkish timar, as did his father, and was the lord of great estates around Venčac in Šumadija called "Bakić's land".... |
1537 | Vassal of Ferdinand I. |
Vojvodina (1526–1530)
| Picture | TitleName | Reign | Territory | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Emperor An emperor is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife or a woman who rules in her own right... Jovan Nenad |
1526 - July 26, 1527 | Serb Empire (Vojvodina Vojvodina Vojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad... ) |
Many Serbian historians consider him the founder of contemporary Vojvodina Vojvodina Vojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad... |
|
 |
Duke Radoslav Čelnik Radoslav Celnik Radoslav Čelnik was a duke of Srem in the 16th century. At first, Radoslav Čelnik was a general commander of Emperor Jovan Nenad's army. In 1527, when Emperor Jovan Nenad was murdered and his army was dispersed, Radoslav Čelnik, together with part of the former emperor's army moved from Bačka to... |
1527–1529/30 | Srem Srem Śrem is a town on the Warta river in central Poland. It has been situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship since 1999; from 1975 to 1998 it was part of the Poznań Voivodeship... |
He was general commander of Emperor Jovan Nenad Emperor Jovan Nenad Jovan Nenad was a 16th-century military commander of Serb mercenaries in the Kingdom of Hungary who took advantage of a Hungarian military defeat in the Battle of Mohács and subsequent struggle over the Hungarian throne to carve out his own state and styled himself emperor , ruling over a... 's army. |
Austro-Hungarian
- Jovan MonasterlijaJovan MonasterlijaJovan Monasterlija was a 17th-century Serbian vice-voivode and Austrian imperial officer that led a Serb army against the Ottoman Empire and other enemies of the Austrian Emperor...
(1790s), "Chief of the Serbian Nation" under Leopold ILeopold ILeopold I may refer to:*Leopold I, Margrave of Austria , first Margrave of Austria*Leopold I, Duke of Austria , co-Duke of Austria and Styria with Frederick I...
Karađorđević Dynasty
| Picture | TitleName Born - Died |
Reign | Territory | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grand Vožd of Serbia Karađorđe Petrović November 3, 1768 – July 24, 1817 |
February 15, 1804 – September 21, 1813 | Leader of the First Serbian Uprising First Serbian Uprising The First Serbian Uprising was the first stage of the Serbian Revolution , the successful wars of independence that lasted for 9 years and approximately 9 months , during which Serbia perceived itself as an independent state for the first time after more than three centuries of Ottoman rule and... |
Deposed and exiled to Austria Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire... . Collapse of the First Serbian Uprising First Serbian Uprising The First Serbian Uprising was the first stage of the Serbian Revolution , the successful wars of independence that lasted for 9 years and approximately 9 months , during which Serbia perceived itself as an independent state for the first time after more than three centuries of Ottoman rule and... . |
Obrenović DynastyHouse of ObrenovicThe House of Obrenović was a Serbian dynasty that ruled Serbia from 1815 to 1842, and again from 1858 to 1903. They came to power through the leadership of their progenitor Miloš Obrenović in the Second Serbian uprising against the Ottoman Empire, which led to the formation of the Principality of...
| Picture | TitleName Born - Died |
Reign | Territory | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Prince of Serbia Miloš Obrenović I Miloš Obrenovic I, Prince of Serbia Miloš Obrenović was Prince of Serbia from 1815 to 1839, and again from 1858 to 1860. He participated in the First Serbian Uprising, led Serbs in the Second Serbian Uprising, and founded the House of Obrenović... March 18, 1780 – September 26, 1860 |
First reign November 6, 1817 – June 25, 1839 |
Founder of Principality of Serbia | Abdicated |
 |
Prince of Serbia Milan Obrenović II Milan Obrenovic II, Prince of Serbia Milan Obrenović II in Kragujevac, in the Principality of Serbia. He was the ruling Prince of Serbia for less than two weeks in 1839.- Early life :... October 21, 1819 – July 8, 1839 |
June 25, 1839 – July 8, 1839 | Principality of Serbia | Ruled for only 26 days |
| Prince of Serbia Mihailo Obrenović III Mihailo Obrenovic III, Prince of Serbia Mihailo Obrenović was Prince of Serbia from 1839–1842 and again from 1860–1868. His first reign ended when he was deposed in 1842 and his second when he was assassinated in 1868.-Early life and first reign:... September 16, 1823 – June 10, 1868 |
First reign July 8, 1839 – September 14, 1842 |
Principality of Serbia | Deposed |
Karađorđević Dynasty
| Picture | TitleName Born - Died |
Reign | Territory | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Prince of Serbia Aleksandar Karađorđević October 11, 1806 – May 3, 1885 |
September 14, 1842 – December 23, 1858 | Principality of Serbia | Abdicated. Return of Obrenović Dynasty House of Obrenovic The House of Obrenović was a Serbian dynasty that ruled Serbia from 1815 to 1842, and again from 1858 to 1903. They came to power through the leadership of their progenitor Miloš Obrenović in the Second Serbian uprising against the Ottoman Empire, which led to the formation of the Principality of... to power. |
Obrenović Dynasty
| Picture | TitleName Born - Died |
Reign | Territory | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Prince of Serbia Miloš Obrenović I Miloš Obrenovic I, Prince of Serbia Miloš Obrenović was Prince of Serbia from 1815 to 1839, and again from 1858 to 1860. He participated in the First Serbian Uprising, led Serbs in the Second Serbian Uprising, and founded the House of Obrenović... March 18, 1780 – September 26, 1860 |
Second reign December 23, 1858 – September 26, 1860 |
Principality of Serbia | Died due to old age. |
| Prince of Serbia Mihailo Obrenović III Mihailo Obrenovic III, Prince of Serbia Mihailo Obrenović was Prince of Serbia from 1839–1842 and again from 1860–1868. His first reign ended when he was deposed in 1842 and his second when he was assassinated in 1868.-Early life and first reign:... September 16, 1823 – June 10, 1868 |
Second reign September 26, 1860 – June 10, 1868 |
Principality of Serbia | Assassinated in Košutnjak Košutnjak Košutnjak is a park-forest and urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is divided between in the municipalities of Čukarica and Rakovica .-Location:... . |
|
 |
Prince of Serbia Milan Obrenović IV August 22, 1854 – February 11, 1901 |
June 10, 1868 – March 6, 1882 | Principality of Serbia | Proclaimed King of Serbia. |
Obrenović Dynasty
| Picture | TitleName Born - Died |
Reign | Territory | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
King of Serbia Milan I August 22, 1854 – February 11, 1901 |
March 6, 1882 – March 6, 1889 | Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Serbia The Kingdom of Serbia was created when Prince Milan Obrenović, ruler of the Principality of Serbia, was crowned King in 1882. The Principality of Serbia was ruled by the Karađorđevic dynasty from 1817 onwards . The Principality, suzerain to the Porte, had expelled all Ottoman troops by 1867, de... |
Abdicated |
 |
King of Serbia Aleksandar I August 14, 1876 – June 11, 1903 |
March 6, 1889 – June 11, 1903 | Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Serbia The Kingdom of Serbia was created when Prince Milan Obrenović, ruler of the Principality of Serbia, was crowned King in 1882. The Principality of Serbia was ruled by the Karađorđevic dynasty from 1817 onwards . The Principality, suzerain to the Porte, had expelled all Ottoman troops by 1867, de... |
Assassinated with Queen Draga in the May Overthrow May Overthrow The May Overthrow was a 1903 coup d'état in which the Serbian King Alexander Obrenović and his wife, Queen Draga, were assassinated inside the Royal Palace in Belgrade on the night between 28 and 29 May 1903 by the Julian calendar... . End of Obrenović Dynasty House of Obrenovic The House of Obrenović was a Serbian dynasty that ruled Serbia from 1815 to 1842, and again from 1858 to 1903. They came to power through the leadership of their progenitor Miloš Obrenović in the Second Serbian uprising against the Ottoman Empire, which led to the formation of the Principality of... . |
Karađorđević Dynasty
| Picture | TitleName Born - Died |
Reign | Territory | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Serbia Petar I June 29, 1844 – August 16, 1921 |
June 15, 1903 – December 1, 1918 | Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Serbia The Kingdom of Serbia was created when Prince Milan Obrenović, ruler of the Principality of Serbia, was crowned King in 1882. The Principality of Serbia was ruled by the Karađorđevic dynasty from 1817 onwards . The Principality, suzerain to the Porte, had expelled all Ottoman troops by 1867, de... |
Proclaimed King of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. | |
For the continuation of this list, go to List of heads of state of Yugoslavia.
See also
- Serbian titlesSerbian titles-Archont of Serbia:*Archont of Serbia -Grand Prince of Serbia:*Great/Grand Župan of Serbia-Emperor of Serbia:*Emperor of the Serbs and the Greeks -Stefan:...
- List of rulers of Montenegro
- List of local rulers of Vojvodina
- List of Serbs
Sources
1 2 3 (ref name TLMB)- The genealogy and coats of arms of Serbian dynasties and feudal lords (Родословне таблице и грбови српских династија и властеле); editors Aleksa Ivić (1928), Dusan Spasić, Aleksandar Plavestra and Dusan Mrdjenović (1987/91); Bata, Belgrade, ISBN 86-7685-007-0 (in Serbian language).
- Serbian Rulers (Српски владари)
- Detailed List of Serbian Rulers
- John V.A. Fine Jr., The Late Medieval Balkans, Ann Arbor, 1987.
- The Catholic EncyclopediaCatholic EncyclopediaThe Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia and the Original Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in the United States. The first volume appeared in March 1907 and the last three volumes appeared in 1912, followed by a master index...
(1907) article at link