Pavle Bakić
Encyclopedia
Pavle Bakić was the last Despot of Serbia, he ruled a large territory under the Hungarian crown
until his death in 1537.
, as did his father, and was the lord of great estates around Venčac
in Šumadija
called "Bakić's land".
He was highly viewed of by the Ottoman Empire
, and had the rights to collect taxes (kharaj
) from his people.
In talks with Pál Tomori
and Louis II of Hungary, he left his land with his family, five brothers (including Petar Bakić), and a great number of Serbs
, into Hungary
, and in return he received the town of Lak
among other estates. With his forces he participated in the Battle of Mohács
in 1526.
During the succession war between Ferdinand I
and John Zápolya
, he took the side of Zápolya. After the defeat of Zápolya in Tokaj
in 1527, he sided with Ferdinand and stayed faithful to him throughout his life. In 1528, Ferdinand confirmed Bakić and his brothers' holdings and appointed him the captain of the Serbian infantry, cavalry and river forces. In the defence of Vienna
in 1529, Bakić was an important aspect with his cavalry. In charters of 1534, Ferdinand again confirmed Bakić and his brothers' holdings (Lak
, Győr
, Szombathely
, Hédervár
and all estates that were part of these towns). The fortress of Győr was administered by his Hungarian ally Count György Cseszneky
. A charter dated September 20, 1537, titles him as Despot
and called all Serbs to join Bakić as the Serbian Despot.
Attempts made by King Ferdinand to push the Ottomans out of Slavonia
, with the use of Pavle, were not successful. Bakić did not manage to liberate Osijek
from the Ottomans, he then retreated to Đakovo, where he at Gorjani
, in a battle against the Ottomans, died (1537). Mehmed-paša sent his son with the head of Bakić to Constantinople
.
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
until his death in 1537.
Life
Pavle had a Turkish timarTimar
Timar is a land granted by the Ottoman sultans between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, with a tax revenue annual value of less than 20 000 akçes. The revenues produced from land acted as compensation for military service. A Timar holder was known as a Timariot...
, as did his father, and was the lord of great estates around Venčac
Venčac
Venčac is a mountain in central Serbia, near the town of Aranđelovac. Its highest peak has an altitude of 659 meters above sea level. It is well known by its mine of white marble. Some parts of White House, Washington, D.C. are built from this quality material from Venčac....
in Šumadija
Šumadija
Šumadija is a geographical region in Serbia. The area is heavily covered with forests, hence the name...
called "Bakić's land".
He was highly viewed of by the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
, and had the rights to collect taxes (kharaj
Kharaj
In Islamic law, kharaj is a tax on agricultural land.Initially, after the first Muslim conquests in the 7th century, kharaj usually denoted a lump-sum duty levied upon the conquered provinces and collected by the officials of the former Byzantine and Sassanid empires or, more broadly, any kind of...
) from his people.
In talks with Pál Tomori
Pál Tomori
Pál Tomori was a Catholic monk and archbishop of Kalocsa, Hungary. He defeated an Ottoman army near Sremska Mitrovica in 1523....
and Louis II of Hungary, he left his land with his family, five brothers (including Petar Bakić), and a great number of Serbs
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
, into Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, and in return he received the town of Lak
Öreglak
Öreglak is a village in Somogy county, Hungary.- External links :*...
among other estates. With his forces he participated in the Battle of Mohács
Battle of Mohács
The Battle of Mohács was fought on August 29, 1526 near Mohács, Hungary. In the battle, forces of the Kingdom of Hungary led by King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia were defeated by forces of the Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent....
in 1526.
During the succession war between Ferdinand I
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand I was Holy Roman Emperor from 1558 and king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526 until his death. Before his accession, he ruled the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburgs in the name of his elder brother, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.The key events during his reign were the contest...
and John Zápolya
John Zápolya
John Zápolya was King of Hungary from 1526 to 1540. His rule was disputed by Archduke Ferdinand I, who also claimed the title King of Hungary between 1526 and 1540. He was the voivode of Transylvania before his coronation.- Biography :...
, he took the side of Zápolya. After the defeat of Zápolya in Tokaj
Tokaj
Tokaj , is a historical town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary, 54 kilometers from county capital Miskolc. It is the centre of the famous Tokaj-Hegyalja wine district where the world famous Tokaji wine is produced.- History :...
in 1527, he sided with Ferdinand and stayed faithful to him throughout his life. In 1528, Ferdinand confirmed Bakić and his brothers' holdings and appointed him the captain of the Serbian infantry, cavalry and river forces. In the defence of Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
in 1529, Bakić was an important aspect with his cavalry. In charters of 1534, Ferdinand again confirmed Bakić and his brothers' holdings (Lak
Öreglak
Öreglak is a village in Somogy county, Hungary.- External links :*...
, Győr
Gyor
-Climate:-Main sights:The ancient core of the city is Káptalan Hill at the confluence of three rivers: the Danube, Rába and Rábca. Püspökvár, the residence of Győr’s bishops can be easily recognised by its incomplete tower. Győr’s oldest buildings are the 13th-century dwelling tower and the...
, Szombathely
Szombathely
Szombathely is the 10th largest city in Hungary. It is the administrative centre of Vas county in the west of the country, located near the border with Austria...
, Hédervár
Hédervár
-Description:The village settled in the Szigetköz in Győr-Moson-Sopron country halfway along the road connecting Győr and Mosonmagyaróvár. Its emergence can be associated with the German Héder – the founder of the Héderváry family – moving to Hungary...
and all estates that were part of these towns). The fortress of Győr was administered by his Hungarian ally Count György Cseszneky
György Cseszneky
Count György Cseszneky de Milvány et Csesznek was a Hungarian aristocrat in 16th century. Member of the Cseszneky family.In 1526 when the disastrous battle with the Turks happened and Louis II died in the battlefield, György Cseszneky was the chatelain of the Castles Tata and Komárom...
. A charter dated September 20, 1537, titles him as Despot
Despot
Despot may refer to:* Despot , a Byzantine court title* Despotism, a form of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of an individual or a small groupPeople with the surname Despot:...
and called all Serbs to join Bakić as the Serbian Despot.
Attempts made by King Ferdinand to push the Ottomans out of Slavonia
Slavonia
Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia...
, with the use of Pavle, were not successful. Bakić did not manage to liberate Osijek
Osijek
Osijek is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 83,496 in 2011. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja county...
from the Ottomans, he then retreated to Đakovo, where he at Gorjani
Gorjani
Gorjani is a municipality in Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia. There are 1,832 inhabitants, 96% who are Croats. Gorjani village was the seat of the Garai family....
, in a battle against the Ottomans, died (1537). Mehmed-paša sent his son with the head of Bakić to Constantinople
Constantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
.
Family
He had two daughters:- Margit, married Menyhért Balassa)
- Angelika, married Imre Révay, later Imre Czobor.
See also
- Ottoman Serbia
Sources
- Lemajić, Nenad, Donation charters of the Bakić family, in Istraživanja 2005, iss. 16, pp. 153-169,
- Stanojević, Pavle, Classification of archive material in the Church of Saints Peter and Paul in Arad a comprehensive list of documents, in Temišvarski zbornik 2006, iss. 4, pp. 143-174, Matica srpska, Novi Sad
- Božanić, S. 2007, "Srem in the period between 1502 and 1526", Spomenica Istorijskog arhiva Srem, no. 6, pp. 72-88.
- Aleksa Ivić: Istorija Srba u Vojvodini. Novi Sad 1929.