List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow
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History
The history of the Russian Orthodox ChurchRussian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church or, alternatively, the Moscow Patriarchate The ROC is often said to be the largest of the Eastern Orthodox churches in the world; including all the autocephalous churches under its umbrella, its adherents number over 150 million worldwide—about half of the 300 million...
begins with the Baptism of Rus' at Kiev
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
the date of which is commonly given as 988; however, the evidence surrounding this event is contested (see Christianisation of Kievan Rus'). In 1316 the Metropolitan
Metropolitan bishop
In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis; that is, the chief city of a historical Roman province, ecclesiastical province, or regional capital.Before the establishment of...
of Kiev changed his see
Episcopal See
An episcopal see is, in the original sense, the official seat of a bishop. This seat, which is also referred to as the bishop's cathedra, is placed in the bishop's principal church, which is therefore called the bishop's cathedral...
to the city of Vladimir
Vladimir
Vladimir is a city and the administrative center of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Klyazma River, to the east of Moscow along the M7 motorway. Population:...
, and in 1322 moved again to Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
. In 1589, the see was elevated to a Patriarch
Patriarch
Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is called patriarchy. This is a Greek word, a compound of πατριά , "lineage, descent", esp...
ate. The Patriarchate was abolished by Peter the Great in 1721 and replaced by the Most Holy Governing Synod
Most Holy Synod
The Most Holy Governing Synod was the highest governing body of the Russian Orthodox Church between 1721 and 1918, when the Patriarchate was restored. The jurisdiction of the Most Holy Synod extended over every kind of ecclesiastical question and over some that are partly secular.The Synod was...
, and the Bishop of Moscow came to be called a Metropolitan again. The Patriarchate was restored in 1917 and suspended by the Soviet authorities in 1925. It was reinstituted for the last time in 1943 during WWII by the initiative of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
.
Metropolitans of Moscow (1240-1589)
-
- St. Cyril II (III), locumLocumLocum, short for the Latin phrase locum tenens , is a person who temporarily fulfills the duties of another. For example, a locum doctor is a doctor who works in the place of the regular doctor when that doctor is absent, or when a hospital/practice is short-staffed...
tenens (1240-1246)
- St. Cyril II (III), locum
- St. Cyril II (III) (1246-1281)
- vacantSede vacanteSede vacante is an expression, used in the Canon Law of the Catholic Church, that refers to the vacancy of the episcopal see of a particular church...
(1281-1283)
- vacant
- St. MaximusMaximus, Metropolitan of all RusMaximus was the Metropolitan of Kiev who moved the see of Russian metropolitans to Vladimir-on-Kliazma. In spite of the move, the metropolitans were officially known as "Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus'" until the establishment of autocephaly under Jonah in 1448.Maximus was of Greek origin...
(1283-1305) - St. Peter (1308-1326)
- vacant (1326-1328)
- St. TheognostusTheognostusTheognostus was Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'.Theognostus was born in Constantinople and later in his life became Peter's successor as Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'...
(1328-1353) - St. AlexiusAlexius, Metropolitan of MoscowSaint Alexius was Metropolitan of Kiev and all Russia , and presided over the Moscow government during Dmitrii Donskoi's minority....
(1354-1378)- Mikhail (Mityay), locum tenens (1378-1379)
- vacant (1379-1381)
- Mikhail (Mityay), locum tenens (1378-1379)
- St. CyprianCyprian, Metropolitan of MoscowCyprian was Metropolitan of Moscow , Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia . He lived for some time at Mount Athos...
(1381-1382) - PimenPimen, Metropolitan of MoscowMetropolitan Pimen was Metropolitan of Moscow from 1382-1384.-Bio:...
(1382-1384) - St. Dionysius IDionysius I, Metropolitan of MoscowSaint Dionysius I ; baptismal name: David was a Russian Orthodox metropolitan in 1384-1385.As a young man David entered the Kiev Caves Lavra, where he was tonsured a monk and given the religious name Dionysius...
(1384-1385)- vacant (1385-1390)
- St. CyprianCyprian, Metropolitan of MoscowCyprian was Metropolitan of Moscow , Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia . He lived for some time at Mount Athos...
(1390-1406), restored- vacant (1406-1408)
- St. PhotiusPhotius, Metropolitan of MoscowPhotius of Kiev , Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus', Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia, of Greek descent....
(1408-1431)- vacant (1431-1433)
- Gerasim (1433-1435)
- vacant (1435-1436)
- IsidoreIsidore of KievIsidore of Kiev, also known as Isidore of Thessalonica was a Greek Metropolitan of Kiev, cardinal, humanist, and theologian. He was one of the chief Eastern defenders of reunion at the time of the Council of Florence.-Early life:...
(1436-1441)- vacant (1441-1448)
- St. Jonah (1448-1461)
- TheodosiusTheodosius, Metropolitan of MoscowTheodosius - Metropolitan of Moscow in 1461-1464.In 1454, when Theodosius was still archimandrite of the Moscow Kremlin's Chudov Monastery, he was promoted to the office of Archbishop of Rostov...
(1461-1464) - Philip IPhilip I, Metropolitan of MoscowPhilip I was Metropolitan of Moscow from 1464 to 1473.Information about Philip's life only begins in 1455, when he was already the Archbishop of Suzdal...
(1464-1473) - GerontiusGerontius, Metropolitan of MoscowGerontius was Metropolitan of Moscow from 1473 until 1489 and a writer. Gerontius was the Bishop of Kolomna. In 1473, he was appointed Metropolitan of Moscow. In the late 1470s, he was in conflict with Ivan III, among other things, over the consecration procedures of the new churches...
(1473-1489) - ZosimusZosimus, Metropolitan of MoscowZosimus the Bearded was Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia from 1490. He was the author of the Third Rome conception....
(1490-1494) - SimonSimon, Metropolitan of MoscowSimon was the Metropolitan of Moscow between 1495 and 1511.Simon was a hegumen at the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra. In 1495, he was elected Metropolitan of Moscow after the removal of Zosimus on charges of heresy. Simon soon won the respect of Ivan III...
(1495-1511) - VarlaamVarlaam, Metropolitan of MoscowVarlaam was Metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus' from 1511 to 1521. From 1506 he was archimandrite of the Simonov Monastery in Moscow.He was selected by Grand Prince Vasily III on July 27, 1511 and consecrated Metropolitan on August 3, 1511. He was said to be austere, never sycophantic to the...
(1511-1521) - DanielDaniel, Metropolitan of MoscowDaniel was Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia in 1522–1539 and representative of the belligerent ecclesiastic circles interested in alliance with the princely authority....
(1522-1539) - Joasaphus (1539-1542)
- St. MacariusMacarius, Metropolitan of MoscowMacarius was a notable Russian cleric, writer, and iconographer who served as the Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia from 1542 until 1563.-Early life and work on the Menaion:...
(1542-1563) - AthanasiusAthanasius, Metropolitan of MoscowAthanasius was Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia from March of 1564 to May of 1566, writer, and iconographer....
(1564-1566) - St. HermanGermanus of Kazan and SvjazskMetropolitan Gherman or Saint Gherman was an archbishop of Kazan and later Metropolitan of Moscow....
(1566) - St. Philip II (1566-1568)
- Cyril IIICyril, Metropolitan of MoscowCyril IV was the Metropolitan of Moscow and all Rus from 1568 until 1572.There is not much information on Metropolitan Cyril and his deeds. In 1566, Cyril was appointed archmandrite at the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra. On November 11, 1568, he was elected metropolitan in favor of the recently deposed...
(IV) (1568-1572) - AnthonyAnthony, Metropolitan of MoscowAnthony was Metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus' from 1572 to 1581.Very little is known of Anthony's life prior to being named metropolitan. From 1568 to his appointment as metropolitan, he was Archbishop of Polotsk and Velikie Luki...
(1572-1581) - Dionysius IIDionysius II, Metropolitan of MoscowDionysius II was Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia between 1581 and 1587.Dionysius was elected metropolitan by Ivan the Terrible in 1581. He was notable for his eloquence and a number of works , for which he would be nicknamed Грамматик...
(1581-1587) - St. Job (1587-1589), the last metropolitan and the first patriarch of Russia.
Patriarchs of Moscow and all Russia (1589-1721)
- Patriarch St. Job (1589-1605)
- Patriarch IgnatiusPatriarch IgnatiusIgnatius was a Russian Orthodox bishop of Greek descent who was the second Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia in 1605-1606, even though his status is now disputed and he is frequently omitted from the list of Patriarchs of Moscow by the Russian Orthodox Church.Ignatius was reported to be of...
(1605-1606) Not counted as legitimate by the Russian Orthodox ChurchRussian Orthodox ChurchThe Russian Orthodox Church or, alternatively, the Moscow Patriarchate The ROC is often said to be the largest of the Eastern Orthodox churches in the world; including all the autocephalous churches under its umbrella, its adherents number over 150 million worldwide—about half of the 300 million...
- Patriarch Ignatius
- Patriarch St. HermogenusPatriarch HermogenesHermogenes, or Germogen , was the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia from 1606. It was he who inspired the popular uprising that put an end to the Time of Troubles. Hermogenes was glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1913...
(1606-1612)- vacant (1612-1619)
- Patriarch PhilaretPatriarch Filaret (Feodor Romanov)Feodor Nikitich Romanov was a Russian boyar who after temporary disgrace rose to become patriarch of Moscow as Filaret , and became de-facto ruler of Russia during the reign of his son, Mikhail Feodorovich.- Life :...
(1619-1633) - Patriarch Joasaphus IPatriarch Joasaphus IJoasaphus I was the fourth Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia ....
(1634-1642) - Patriarch JosephPatriarch JosephPatriarch Joseph was the sixth Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, elected after an unusual one and a half year break.The early life of Joseph is unclear. Before the election he was an archimandrite of the Simonov Monastery...
(1642-1652) - Patriarch NikonPatriarch NikonNikon , born Nikita Minin , was the seventh patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church...
(1652-1658)- Pitirim of KrutitsyPitirim of KrutitsyPitirim of Krutitsy was the ninth Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia.When Nikon held the post of patriarch, Pitirim was a metropolitan of Krutitsy. When Nikon willfully left the altar, Pitirim became his deputy and acted on his own as a real patriarch without even dealing with Nikon...
, locum tenens (1658-1667)
- Pitirim of Krutitsy
- Patriarch Joasaphus II (1667-1672)
- Patriarch PitirimPitirim of KrutitsyPitirim of Krutitsy was the ninth Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia.When Nikon held the post of patriarch, Pitirim was a metropolitan of Krutitsy. When Nikon willfully left the altar, Pitirim became his deputy and acted on his own as a real patriarch without even dealing with Nikon...
(of Krutitsy) (1672-1673) - Patriarch JoachimPatriarch JoachimPatriarch Joachim was the eleventh Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, an opponent of the Raskol , and a founder of the Slavic Greek Latin Academy....
(1674-1690) - Patriarch AdrianPatriarch AdrianPatriarch Adrian was the last pre-revolutionary Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia.Adrian caught the eye of Patriarch Joachim, when he was still an archmandrite at Chudov Monastery. In 1686, Joachim appointed him metropolitan of Kazan and Sviyazhsk. On August 24, 1690, Adrian was chosen to replace...
(1690-1700)- Stephen YavorskyStephen YavorskyStefan Yavorsky was an archbishop and statesman in the Russian Empire, of Ukrainian descent, one of the ablest coadjutors of Peter the Great and the first president of the Most Holy Synod....
, locum tenens (1700-1721)
- Stephen Yavorsky
Metropolitans and archbishops of Moscow (1721-1917)
- Stephen YavorskyStephen YavorskyStefan Yavorsky was an archbishop and statesman in the Russian Empire, of Ukrainian descent, one of the ablest coadjutors of Peter the Great and the first president of the Most Holy Synod....
(1721–1722) - Feofan ProkopovichFeofan Prokopovichthumb|Theophan ProkopovichFeofan/Theophan Prokopovich was an archbishop and statesman in the Russian Empire, of Ukrainian descent. He elaborated and implemented Peter the Great's reform of the Russian Orthodox Church...
(1722–1736) - Joseph Volchansky (1742-1745)http://drevo-info.ru/articles/11518.html
- Plato I (1745-1754)http://biografija.ru/show_bio.aspx?id=106486
- Hilarion of Krutitsy, Coadjutor (1754-1757)
- Timothy (1757-1767)
- Ambrosius (1768-1771)
- Samouel of Krutitsy, Coadjutor (1771-1775)
- Plato IIPlaton LevshinPlato II or Platon II was the Metropolitan of Moscow from 1775 to 1812. He personifies the Age of Enlightenment in the Russian Orthodox Church....
(1775-1812) - Avgustin (1812-1819)
- Seraphim (1819-1821)
- St. FilaretFilaret, Metropolitan of MoscowFilaret , Metropolitan of Moscow was the most influential figure in the Russian Orthodox Church for more than 40 years, from 1821 to 1867. He was canonized on 13 October 1994 and his feast day is celebrated on November 19.-Life:He was born in Kolomna as Vasily Drozdov...
(1821-1867) - St. InnocentInnocent of AlaskaSaint Innocent of Alaska , also known as Saint Innocent of Moscow was a Russian Orthodox priest, bishop, archbishop and Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia. He is known for his missionary work, scholarship and leadership in Alaska and the Russian Far East during the 19th century...
(1868-1879) - Macarius IMacarius IMacarius I , born Mikhail Petrovich Bulgakov , was the Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna in 1879-1882 and member of many learned societies, including the Russian Academy of Sciences....
(1879-1882) - Joannicius (1882-1891)
- Leontius (1891-1893)
- Sergius I (1893-1898)
- St. VladimirVladimir, Metropolitan of MoscowVladimir ; baptismal name: Vasily Nikiforovich Bogoyavlensky was Metropolitan of Kiev and Gallich , Metropolitan of Moscow ....
(1898-1912) - St. Macarius IIMacarius IIMacarius II was the Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna from 1912 to 1917, an outstanding missionary and enlightener of the masses in the Altai region ....
(1912-1917)
Patriarchs of Moscow and all Russia (Restored, 1917-Present)
- 11) Patriarch St. TikhonTikhon of MoscowSaint Tikhon of Moscow , born Vasily Ivanovich Bellavin , was the 11th Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia of the Russian Orthodox Church during the early years of the Soviet Union, 1917 through 1925.-Early life:...
(1917-1925)- vacant (1925-1943)
- Metropolitan Peter of KrutitsyPeter of KrutitsySt. Hieromartyr Peter of Krutitsy , born Petr Fyodorovich Polyansky , was a Russian Orthodox bishop and martyr. From April 12 till December 9, 1925 he was the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, serving as the Patriarchal locum tenens...
, locum tenens (1925-1936), de facto only until 1926 - Metropolitan Sergius of Nizhny Novgorod, Acting locum tenens (1926-1936)
- Metropolitan Sergius of Moscow and Kolomna (previously of Nizhny Novgorod), locum tenens (1936-1943)
- Metropolitan Peter of Krutitsy
- vacant (1925-1943)
- 12) Patriarch Sergius I (previously Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna) (1943-1944)
- Alexius Archbishop of Novgorod and Metropolitan of Leningrad, locum tenens (1944-1945)
- 13) Patriarch Alexius I (1945-1970)
- Metropolitan Pimen of Krutitsy and Kolomna, locum tenens (1970-1971)
- 14) Patriarch Pimen I (1971-1990)
- Metropolitan Filaret of Kiev and All Ukraine, locum tenens (1990)
- 15) Patriarch Alexius II (1990-2008)
- Metropolitan Kirill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad, locum tenens (2008-2009)
- 16) Patriarch Kirill I (2009-Present)
See also
- Russian Orthodox ChurchRussian Orthodox ChurchThe Russian Orthodox Church or, alternatively, the Moscow Patriarchate The ROC is often said to be the largest of the Eastern Orthodox churches in the world; including all the autocephalous churches under its umbrella, its adherents number over 150 million worldwide—about half of the 300 million...
- List of current Christian leaders
- List of Orthodox Churches