The list of Jurchen inscriptions comprises a list of the corpus of known inscriptions written in the Jurchen language

Jurchen language

Jurchen language is an extinct language. It was spoken by Jurchen people of eastern Manchuria, the creators of the Jin Empire in the northeastern China of the 12th–13th centuries. It is classified as a Southwestern Tungusic language.-Writing:...

 using the Jurchen script

Jurchen script

Jurchen script was the writing system used to write Jurchen language, the language of the Jurchen people who created the Jin Empire in the northeastern China of the 12th–13th centuries. It was derived from the Khitan script, which in turn was derived from Chinese...

. There are ten monumental inscriptions, mostly dating to the Jin Dynasty (1115–1234), but the latest monument dates to the early Ming Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...

 (1413). There are also a number of short Jurchen inscriptions on portable artefacts such as mirrors, seals and paiza

Paiza

Paiza or Gerege is a tablet of authority for the Mongol officials and envoys...

.

Monumental inscriptions in the Jurchen script

Monument	| Date	| Place of discovery	| Year of discovery	| Current Location	| Description
Monument commemorating the victory of Emperor Taizu of Jin over the Khitans Liao Dynasty The Liao Dynasty , also known as the Khitan Empire was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper between 9071125...  in 1114 (Da-Jin desheng tuosong bei 大金得聖陀頌碑)	1185	Shibei Weizi, Fuyu County Fuyu County, Jilin Fuyu County is a county on the northern Jilin Province, Northeast China, under the administration of Songyuan City. It has a land area of , and a population of 750,000. It lies east-southeast of Songyuan and northeast of Changchun, the provincial capital... Jilin Jilin Jilin , is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. Jilin borders North Korea and Russia to the east, Heilongjiang to the north, Liaoning to the south, and Inner Mongolia to the west... 45.346°N 125.612°W		Jilin Provincial Museum	Bilingual Chinese and Jurchen memorial with 30 lines of Chinese text on the front, and 33 lines of Jurchen text on the back, about 1,500 Jurchen characters in total.
Monument recording the names of successful candidates for the degree of jinshi Imperial examination The Imperial examination was an examination system in Imperial China designed to select the best administrative officials for the state's bureaucracy. This system had a huge influence on both society and culture in Imperial China and was directly responsible for the creation of a class of... in 1224 (Nüzhen jinshi timing bei 女真進士題名碑)	1224	Yantaihe 宴台河, Kaifeng Kaifeng Kaifeng , known previously by several names , is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan province, Central China. Nearly 5 million people live in the metropolitan area... Henan Henan Henan , is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "豫" , named after Yuzhou , a Han Dynasty state that included parts of Henan... 34.806°N 114.422°W		Erected at the Confucian Temple (Wen Miao 文廟) in Kaifeng	Originally a bilingual memorial, but the original Chinese text was deleted and re-engraved with a new text commemorating the restoration of the Temple of the River Spirit 河神廟 during the Ming dynasty. The Jurchen text comprises about 1,100 characters.
Monument commemorating a picnic held by Aotun Liangbi (Aotun Liangbi jianyin bei 奧屯良弼餞飲碑)	1210	Unknown (originally in the collection of Luo Zhenyu Luo Zhenyu Luo Zhenyu , courtesy name: Shuyun was a Chinese classical scholar, philologist, epigrapher, antiquarian and Qing loyalist.-Biography:... )		National Museum of China National Museum of China The National Museum of China flanks the eastern side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. The mission of the museum is to educate about the arts and history of China... , Beijing	Chinese inscription by Aotun Liangbi 奧屯良弼 in 4 lines, dated 1206, on the front; and a Jurchen inscription in 3 lines (about 60 characters) on the left side, dated 1210, added by Aotun Liangbi's friend Bu Xiuhong 卜修洪.
Monument inscribed with a poem by Aotun Liangbi (Aotun Liangbi shi bei 奧屯良弼詩碑)		Youde Temple 佑德觀, Penglai City Penglai City Penglai City , is a port, a town and an administrative subdivision of the prefecture-level city Yantai in Shandong Province, northeastern China. The port was formerly called Dengzhou . Penglai Water City or Water Fortress , a fortified harbor hidden from the sea, is one of China's oldest military... Shandong Shandong ' is a Province located on the eastern coast of the People's Republic of China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history from the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and served as a pivotal cultural and religious site for Taoism, Chinese... 37.832°N 120.753°W			Eight-line poem with preface by Aotun Liangbi 奧屯良弼, comprising about 170 characters in total. The poem is written in Aotun Liangbi's cursive calligraphy, and was inscribed on the orders of his friend Bu Xiuhong.
Two rock inscriptions at Hailong (Hailong Nüzhen guoshu moya 海龍女真國書摩崖)	1167	Yangshulin Mountain 楊樹林山, Meihekou Meihekou Meihekou is a city of 600,000 in southwestern Jilin province, Northeast China. It is a regional transport hub, connecting three railway lines, all of which are single track, and 2 national highways... Jilin 42.295°N 125.450°W		In situ	Bilingual Chinese and Jurchen inscription commemorating the defeat of the Khitans by Emperor Taizu of Jin (15 Chinese characters and about 20 Jurchen characters); and a Jurchen inscription of about 80 characters dated 1167 commemorating the establishment of an office in 1116.
Monument commemorating the construction of a Buddhist temple (Qingyuanjun Nüzhen guoshu bei 慶源郡女真國書碑)	1138–1153	Buddhist temple, Kyongwon Saebyol Kyongwon is a kun, or county, in North Hamgyong province, North Korea ,located at . It is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the north and east, Kyonghung to the southeast, Hoeryong to the southwest, and Onsong to the west.... North Korea North Korea The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea... 42.8°N 130.2°W	1918	Seoul Museum of History Seoul Museum of History Seoul Museum of History is a history museum located in Sinmunno 1 ga, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.Seoul was the capital of the Joseon Dynasty, and the Museum depicts the evolution from its prehistoric period to the city it is today...	List of names and titles of people who contributed to the construction of the Buddhist temple where the monument was originally found. 22 lines on four sides, but the top of the monument is missing so the inscription is incomplete, with about 500 characters remaining.
Rock inscription commemorating the presentation of a Buddhist statue (Beiqing Nüzhen guoshu moya 北青女真國書摩崖)	1218	Mount Kwansan 串山, Pukchong Pukchong Pukchong is a county in eastern South Hamgyong province, North Korea. It borders the Sea of Japan to the south. Away from the coast, it is entirely mountainous. The Hamgyong Mountains traverse the county. The highest point is Komdoksan. Chief streams include the Namdaechon and Pochonchon... North Korea 40.25°N 128.30°W	1911	In situ	Jurchen inscription comprising about 40 characters.
Yongning Temple Stele Yongning Temple Stele The Yongning Temple Stele is a Ming Dynasty stele with a trilingual inscription that was erected in 1413 to commemorate the founding of the Yongning Temple in the Nurgan outpost, near the mouth of the Amur River, by the eunuch Yishiha. The location of the temple is the village of Tyr near... Monument commemorating the foundation of Yongning Temple (Yongningsi bei 永寧寺碑)	1413	Tyr Tyr, Russia Tyr is a settlement in Ulchsky District of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the right bank of the Amur River, near the mouth of the Amgun River, about upstream from Nikolayevsk-on-Amur.... Russia Russia Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects... 52.93°N 139.76°W		Vladivostok Vladivostok The city is located in the southern extremity of Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula, which is about 30 km long and approximately 12 km wide.The highest point is Mount Kholodilnik, the height of which is 257 m...  Museum	Main inscription in Chinese on the front, and secondary inscriptions (approximate translations of the Chinese) in Mongolian and Jurchen on the back (about 700 Jurchen characters); with the mantra Mantra A mantra is a sound, syllable, word, or group of words that is considered capable of "creating transformation"...  Om mani padme hum Om mani padme hum is the six syllabled mantra particularly associated with the four-armed Shadakshari form of Avalokiteshvara , the bodhisattva of compassion... written in Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan and Jurchen on both sides.
Tomb memorial for the Zhaoyong General (Zhaoyong dajiangjun tongzhi Xiongzhou jiedushi mubei 昭勇大將軍同知雄州節度使墓碑)		Xiaocheng, Shulan Shulan Shulan is a city in northern Jilin province, Northeast China. It falls under the administration of Jilin City, to the south-southwest.-History:... Jilin 44.235°N 127.155°W	1979		1 line of Jurchen text (21 characters).
Rock inscription commemorating a victory by Wanyan Xiang (1140–1202) (Wanyan Xiang jigong moya bei 完顏襄記功摩崖碑)	1196	Bayankhutag Bayankhutag, Khentii Bayankhutag is a sum of Khentii Province in eastern Mongolia.... , Khentii Province Mongolia Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest... 47.17°N 110.82°W	1979		9 lines of Jurchen text (about 140 characters), with Chinese translation nearby.

Other inscriptions in the Jurchen script

Object	| Date	| Place of discovery	| Year of discovery	| Current Location	| Description
Inscriptions on a pagoda		White Pagoda, Hohhot Hohhot Hohhot , is a city in north-central China and the capital of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, serving as the region's administrative, economic, and cultural centre.... Inner Mongolia 40.84°N 111.90°W
Rock inscriptions		Du'erji, Horqin Right Middle Banner Horqin Right Middle Banner Horqin Right Middle Banner Horqin Right Middle Banner Horqin Right Middle Banner ( is a county of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Hinggan League. The local Mongolian dialect is Khorchin.-References:*... Inner Mongolia 45.20°N 121.16°W
Rock inscriptions		Wulanmaodu, Horqin Right Front Banner Horqin Right Front Banner Horqin Right Front Banner is a county of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Hinggan League. The local Mongolian dialect is Khorchin.-References:*... Inner Mongolia 46.39°N 121.20°W
Inscription on a sacrificial platform		Heaven Lake, Fusong County Fusong County Fusong County is a county in southern Jilin province of Northeast China. It is under the administration of Baishan City.-Administrative Divisions:There are 12 towns and 6 townships.Towns:... Jilin 42.025°N 128.055°W			3 Jurchen characters on a Jin dynasty sacrificial platform at the edge of the lake.
Medallion		Unknown		Unknown (only known from a drawing in a Ming Dynasty catalogue of molds for making ink)	Medallion with the Jurchen translation of a Chinese couplet, "When a wise king is heedful of virtue, foreigners from all quarters come as guests" (Ming wang shen de, si yi xian bin 明王慎德, 四夷咸賓).
Seal of the head of the Kechenshan 100 households (Kechenshan mouke yin 可陳山謀克印)	1178	Helong Helong Helong is a city of southeastern Jilin province, Northeast China. It is under the administration of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture.-Administrative Divisions:Helong has 3 subdistricts and 8 towns.Subdistricts:... , Yanbian Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture Yanbian is a Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province, in Northeastern China, above the border with North Korea. Yanbian is bordered to the north by Heilongjiang, on the west by Baishan City and Jilin City, on the south by North Hamgyong Province of North Korea, and on the east by Primorsky... Jilin 42.55°N 129.00°W	1916		Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription of 13 characters on the side.
Seal of the head of the Yigaidagehe 100 households (Yigaidagehe mouke yin 移改達葛河謀克印)	1179			Palace Museum Collections of the Palace Museum The art collections of the Palace Museum , a national museum housed in the Forbidden City in Beijing, China, are built upon the imperial collection of the Ming and Qing dynasties... , Beijing	Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription of 7 characters on the side.
Seal of the head of the Hetouhulunhe 100 households (Hetouhulunhe mouke yin 河頭胡論河謀克印)	1176			Tianjin Museum Tianjin Museum Tianjin Museum is the largest museum in Tianjin, China, exhibiting a range of cultural and historical relics significant to Tianjin. The museum lies in Yinhe Plaza in the Hexi District of Tianjin and covers an area of about 50,000 sq metres...	Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription of 6 characters on the side.
Seal of the head of the Hezhuohaiman 100 households (Hezhuohaiman mouke yin 和拙海蠻謀克印)	1178			Tianjin Museum Tianjin Museum Tianjin Museum is the largest museum in Tianjin, China, exhibiting a range of cultural and historical relics significant to Tianjin. The museum lies in Yinhe Plaza in the Hexi District of Tianjin and covers an area of about 50,000 sq metres...	Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription of 8 characters on the side.
Seal of the head of the Jiahunshan 100 households (Jiahunshan mouke yin 夾渾山謀克印)	1178			Palace Museum Collections of the Palace Museum The art collections of the Palace Museum , a national museum housed in the Forbidden City in Beijing, China, are built upon the imperial collection of the Ming and Qing dynasties... , Beijing	Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription of 7 characters on the side.
Seal of the head of the Milidiehe 100 households (Milidiehe mouke yin 迷里迭河謀克印)	1179	Harbin Harbin Harbin ; Manchu language: , Harbin; Russian: Харби́н Kharbin ), is the capital and largest city of Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China, lying on the southern bank of the Songhua River... Heilongjiang Heilongjiang For the river known in Mandarin as Heilong Jiang, see Amur River' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. "Heilongjiang" literally means Black Dragon River, which is the Chinese name for the Amur. The one-character abbreviation is 黑... 45.85°N 126.65°W	1986	Harbin Cultural Office	Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription on the side.
Seal of the head of the Supakunshan 100 households (Supakunshan mouke yin 速怕昆山謀克印)	1222 (Eastern Xia)	Aolimi Ancient City (奥里米古城), Suibin County Suibin County Suibin County is a county of eastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Hegang.- External links : -... Heilongjiang Heilongjiang For the river known in Mandarin as Heilong Jiang, see Amur River' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. "Heilongjiang" literally means Black Dragon River, which is the Chinese name for the Amur. The one-character abbreviation is 黑... 47.290°N 131.815°W	1987	Hegang Hegang -Subdivisions:The prefecture-level city of Hegang is divided in 6 districts and 2 counties. The information here presented uses the metric system and data for 2010 Census.-Early History:...  Cultural Relics Office	Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription on the side.
Bronze mirror (Kouwei meng'an tongjing 叩畏猛安銅鏡)					Song dynasty mirror with a later Jurchen inscription ("head of Kouwei 1,000 households") engraved along the edge.
Bronze mirror		Chengzi He 承紫河, Mishan Mishan Mishan is a Chinese city in the province of Heilongjiang. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Jixi.- Early medieval history :... Heilongjiang 45.44°N 132.37°W	1974		Mirror with a 9 character Jurchen inscription engraved along the edge.
Silver paiza Paiza Paiza or Gerege is a tablet of authority for the Mongol officials and envoys...		Shaygino, Primorsky Krai Primorsky Krai Primorsky Krai , informally known as Primorye , is a federal subject of Russia . Primorsky means "maritime" in Russian, hence the region is sometimes referred to as Maritime Province or Maritime Territory. Its administrative center is in the city of Vladivostok... Russia Russia Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects... 43.33°N 133.00°W	1976		Silver pass with a Jurchen inscription in 5 characters reading gurun ni xada-xun meaning "Trust of the Country".