Legal intoxicants
Encyclopedia
Legal intoxicants are intoxicating drug
s which are not prohibited
by drug laws. The most commonly used intoxicant is alcohol
but many others are used including native intoxicating plants historically used by indigenous
culture
s and modern chemical intoxicating substances that have not been defined as illegal.
, tea
, and soft drink
s.
, slightly similar effects, though significantly milder in intensity.
Salvia divinorum is a psychoactive plant which can induce dissociative effects and hallucinations which may last anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes. It is commonly reported that there is a threshold dose, below which the plant likely won't produce any effects in the user, so a high dose is sometimes required. It has been linked to long usage as an entheogen
by the indigenous Mazatec shamans for healing during spirit journeys. Salvia divinorum remains legal in most countries and, within the United States, is legal in the majority of states. There have not been many publicized prosecutions of individuals violating anti-salvia laws in the few countries and states in which it has been made illegal.
, is a scheduled substance in those countries, regardless of its small relative harm compared to other drugs.
Peruvian torch and peyote
are both very similar to San Pedro, both being cacti that contain mescaline
, and are used as entheogens.
, is a species of morning glory plants, native throughout Latin America
. The seeds are used as a hallucinogen.
Nutmeg contains myristicin
and elemicin
which were both considered psychoactive chemicals. In 2009, elemicin was found not to be psychoactive. Myristicin, along with being psychoactive, is also a weak Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
.
, a shrub in the genus Heimia, whose psychoactive properties has received some controversy.
and family Bufonidae) contain psychoactive ingredients, 5-meo-dmt
and/or bufotenin
, which are consumed once extracted from the toad.
, the main psychoactive ingredient found in marijuana:
in the 1970s and 80s. In legality, they range from being totally uncontrolled to strictly illegal, depending on jurisdiction. Many if not all of the 2Cs could be considered illegal in the United States
under the Federal Analog Act
if sold or possessed for consumption. In the United Kingdom
the entire 2C family is also considered illegal.
The deliriants (or anticholinergics) are a special class of dissociative which are antagonists for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
and Datura wrightii
) aka Jimsonweed, Gabriel's Trumpet and Carlos Castenada's "devil's weed" are common poisonous weeds in the Nightshade Family. They contain tropane alkaloids that are sometimes used as a hallucinogen. The active ingredients are atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine which are classified as deliriants, or anticholinergics. It can be smoked, eaten or made into a tea. The seeds are extremely potent and should be avoided.
Datura use has been associated with hospital visits and death in cases of overdose, and it has earned a reputation of being a rather dangerous substance due to the possible loss of control over ones self.
is an antihistamine and a sedative and is available over the counter for allergy relief and for use as a sleep aid. Recreational users take many times (>250 mg) the therapeutic dose to achieve a state of delusional delirium.
Alcoholic beverages contain the psychoactive drug
, ethanol
(grain alcohol), with a depressant
effect. They are legal in most of the world (except some Muslim countries), although their use is restricted almost everywhere. Alcohol is considered a legal class A drug in most jurisdictions (Bufton, 2007).
Kava (Piper methysticum) is an ancient crop of the western Pacific. The onset of a moderate potency kava drink is 20–30 minutes, with effects usually lasting for two hours but effects can be felt up to eight hours after ingestion.
from the body, this isn't a concern for the occasional user since most animal foods have the vitamin, particularly beef, lamb, and pork. However, chronic use can cause a severe B12 deficiency, which can cause psychological, neurological, and other physiological harm.
Nitrous Oxide is commonly administered by using a charging cartridge and whipped cream dispenser to inflate a balloon, the contents of which is then inhaled in one deep breath. The 'high' can be extremely intense, often causing the user to laugh uncontrollably and producing a dissociative ( or 'spaced out') sensation, but this usually lasts for less than a minute.
. Nitrites include Amyl, Butyl, Methyl, Isopropol, Isobutal, Ethyl, Alkyl and the newer "US" formula containing Cyclohexyl Nitrite (the only nitrite to not currently require a prescription). Originally used as anti-anginal heart medication to lower blood pressure and even as an antidote to Cyanide Poisoning. Products are advertised as odorisers, leather cleaner and video head cleaner. Combination with Nitrous Oxide is referred to as 'Space Surfing' because of the intense synergistic effect of the two inhalants.
-like action in the body, however most opioids are not legal for over the counter purchase. Codeine
can be purchased over the counter in some jurisdictions, but it's usually mixed with Paracetamol
to discourage abuse. The paracetamol, however, can be removed fairly easily by manipulation of the different solubility
of paracetamol and codeine in cold water.
. The leaves are used as an opiate substitute, and around the world for opiate addiction recovery because it binds to the mu opioid receptor
s as all opioid
s do. It is also used as a stimulant
(in low doses). Higher doses produce a more sedative
effect.
Kratom is illegal in Australia
, Malaysia, Myanmar
, and Thailand
.
Drug
A drug, broadly speaking, is any substance that, when absorbed into the body of a living organism, alters normal bodily function. There is no single, precise definition, as there are different meanings in drug control law, government regulations, medicine, and colloquial usage.In pharmacology, a...
s which are not prohibited
Legal drug trade
As with other goods object of commerce, in opposition to smuggling or illegal trade, most psychotropic substances´s commerce is under control and taxation by world governments, regardless of the relative perceived danger of the goods that are object of legislation....
by drug laws. The most commonly used intoxicant is alcohol
Alcoholic beverage
An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known as alcohol. Alcoholic beverages are divided into three general classes: beers, wines, and spirits. They are legally consumed in most countries, and over 100 countries have laws regulating their production, sale, and consumption...
but many others are used including native intoxicating plants historically used by indigenous
Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as indigenous according to one of the various definitions of the term, there is no universally accepted definition but most of which carry connotations of being the "original inhabitants" of a territory....
culture
Culture
Culture is a term that has many different inter-related meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...
s and modern chemical intoxicating substances that have not been defined as illegal.
Caffeine
A mild stimulant used most commonly via coffeeCoffee
Coffee is a brewed beverage with a dark,init brooo acidic flavor prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant, colloquially called coffee beans. The beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in equatorial Latin America, Southeast Asia,...
, tea
Tea
Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by adding cured leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant to hot water. The term also refers to the plant itself. After water, tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world...
, and soft drink
Soft drink
A soft drink is a non-alcoholic beverage that typically contains water , a sweetener, and a flavoring agent...
s.
Ephedrine
A phenylethylamine that is a precursor to amphetamineAmphetamine
Amphetamine or amfetamine is a psychostimulant drug of the phenethylamine class which produces increased wakefulness and focus in association with decreased fatigue and appetite.Brand names of medications that contain, or metabolize into, amphetamine include Adderall, Dexedrine, Dextrostat,...
, slightly similar effects, though significantly milder in intensity.
Salvia divinorum
Salvia divinorum is a psychoactive plant which can induce dissociative effects and hallucinations which may last anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes. It is commonly reported that there is a threshold dose, below which the plant likely won't produce any effects in the user, so a high dose is sometimes required. It has been linked to long usage as an entheogen
Entheogen
An entheogen , in the strict sense, is a psychoactive substance used in a religious, shamanic, or spiritual context. Historically, entheogens were mostly derived from plant sources and have been used in a variety of traditional religious contexts...
by the indigenous Mazatec shamans for healing during spirit journeys. Salvia divinorum remains legal in most countries and, within the United States, is legal in the majority of states. There have not been many publicized prosecutions of individuals violating anti-salvia laws in the few countries and states in which it has been made illegal.
Hawaiian baby woodrose
Hawaiian Baby Woodrose (Argyreia nervosa) is a perennial climbing vine, also known as Elephant Creeper and Woolly Morning Glory. The seeds of the plant contain the alkaloid LSA (ergine), which is a chemical analog of LSD. As such, they are sometimes used as a "legal" psychedelic. Ipomea Morning Glory seeds also contain LSA, but at a lower level. However, as LSA is a DEA Schedule III substance in the USA, the ingestion of LSA-containing plants could be prosecutable. In most countries in the EU however, it is unregulated.San Pedro cactus
San Pedro cactus contains mescaline which is illegal when isolated. This is the same active substance in the more famous peyote cactus which can only be used legally by some native American tribes which have a history of using the plant. San Pedro can be bought and sold and the tissues can also be bought (primary container) from online shops. In many countries, however, it is a serious crime to buy, sell or consume the cactus for reasons of intoxication (any other reason besides ornamental use), because the active ingredient in the cactus, mescalineMescaline
Mescaline or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine is a naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class used mainly as an entheogen....
, is a scheduled substance in those countries, regardless of its small relative harm compared to other drugs.
Peruvian torch and peyote
Peyote
Lophophora williamsii , better known by its common name Peyote , is a small, spineless cactus with psychoactive alkaloids, particularly mescaline.It is native to southwestern Texas and Mexico...
are both very similar to San Pedro, both being cacti that contain mescaline
Mescaline
Mescaline or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine is a naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class used mainly as an entheogen....
, and are used as entheogens.
Ololiúqui
Rivea corymbosa, called ololiúqui by the AztecsAztec entheogenic complex
The ancient Aztecs employed a variety of entheogenic plants and animals within their society. The various species have been identified through their depiction on murals, vases, and other objects...
, is a species of morning glory plants, native throughout Latin America
Latin America
Latin America is a region of the Americas where Romance languages – particularly Spanish and Portuguese, and variably French – are primarily spoken. Latin America has an area of approximately 21,069,500 km² , almost 3.9% of the Earth's surface or 14.1% of its land surface area...
. The seeds are used as a hallucinogen.
Tlitliltzin
Another morning glory, Ipomoea tricolor (called tlitliltzin by the Aztecs and often sold as Heavenly Blue Morning Glory), has similar effects as ololiúqui.Nutmeg
Nutmeg contains myristicin
Myristicin
Myristicin is a phenylpropene, a natural organic compound present in small amounts in the essential oil of nutmeg and to a lesser extent in other spices such as parsley and dill.It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol and acetone.-Uses:...
and elemicin
Elemicin
Elemicin is a phenylpropene, a natural organic compound, and is a constituent of the essential oil of nutmeg.Elemicin is also a minor constituent of the oleoresin and essential oil of Manila elemi...
which were both considered psychoactive chemicals. In 2009, elemicin was found not to be psychoactive. Myristicin, along with being psychoactive, is also a weak Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are a class of antidepressant drugs prescribed for the treatment of depression. They are particularly effective in treating atypical depression....
.
Sinicuichi
SinicuichiSinicuichi
Heimia is a genus of flowering plants in the loosestrife family, Lythraceae. It contains two or three species of closely related shrubs commonly known as sun opener or shrubby yellowcrest. They are native to the Americas, from northern Argentina north to the southernmost United States...
, a shrub in the genus Heimia, whose psychoactive properties has received some controversy.
Ergot
Ergots are parasitic fungi of the genus Claviceps that infect grains and grasses. Ergots produce hallucinogenic substances, but also alkaloids that have negative effects on the circulatory and nervous systems.Toad
The skin and venom of some toads (namely of the genus BufoBufo
Bufo is a large genus of about 150 species of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. Bufo is a Latin word for toad.- Description :...
and family Bufonidae) contain psychoactive ingredients, 5-meo-dmt
5-MeO-DMT
5-MeO-DMT is a powerful psychedelic tryptamine. It is found in a wide variety of plant and psychoactive toad species and, like its close relatives DMT and bufotenin , it has been used as an entheogen by South American shamans for thousands of years.-Chemistry:5-MeO-DMT was first synthesized in...
and/or bufotenin
Bufotenin
Bufotenin , or 5-hydroxy-dimethyltryptamine , is a tryptamine related to the neurotransmitter serotonin...
, which are consumed once extracted from the toad.
DXM
Dextromethorphan is an antitussive (cough-suppressant) drug found in many over-the-counter cold and cough medicines. When taken at doses higher than are medically recommended, dextromethorphan is classified as a dissociative hallucinogenic drug. It can produce effects similar to those of the controlled substances PCP and ketamine.Methoxetamine
Methoxetamine is a near chemical analog of ketamine and PCP. Its use was first publicly reported in 2010. Methoxetamine's effects are described by some as similar to ketamine or high-dose DXM, while others report not finding it similar to those substances. A number of accounts describe compulsive redosing and unintentional consumption of more than was initially planned.Synthetic cannabinoids
These substances are most commonly found in incense products most commonly used for smoking, and are legal in most (but not all) circumstances. Some commonly known names are Rasta Weed, Spice and Herbal Incense. The legality of synthetic cannabinoids vary from state to state. Check your local laws through the official K2 site http://www.kindvapors.com - see the legality link. Some of them are as potent (if not more) than THCTHC
THC commonly refers to tetrahydrocannabinol, the main active chemical compound in Cannabis.THC may also refer to:* Tan Holdings Corporation...
, the main psychoactive ingredient found in marijuana:
- JWH-018JWH-018JWH-018 or AM-678 is an analgesic chemical from the naphthoylindole family, which acts as a full agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, with some selectivity for CB2...
, - JWH-200JWH-200JWH-200 is an analgesic chemical from the aminoalkylindole family, which acts as a cannabinoid receptor agonist. Its binding affinity at the CB1 receptor is 42nM, around the same as that of THC, but its analgesic potency in vivo was higher than that of other analogues with stronger CB1 binding...
, - JWH-081JWH-081JWH-081 is an analgesic chemical from the naphthoylindole family, which acts as a cannabinoid agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 receptors. With a Ki of 1.2nM it is fairly selective for the CB1 subtype, its affinity at this subtype approximately 10x the affinity at CB2. It was discovered by and named...
, - JWH-210JWH-210JWH-210 is an analgesic chemical from the naphthoylindole family, which acts as a potent cannabinoid agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 receptors, with Ki values of 0.46nM at CB1 and 0.69nM at CB2. It is one of the most potent 4-substituted naphthoyl derivatives in the naphthoylindole series, having a...
, - JWH-073JWH-073JWH-073 is an analgesic chemical from the naphthoylindole family, which acts as a partial agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. It is somewhat selective for the CB1 subtype, with affinity at this subtype approximately 5x the affinity at CB2. The abbreviation JWH stands for John W...
, - HU-210HU-210HU-210 is a synthetic cannabinoid that was first synthesized in 1988 from -Myrtenol by the group led by Professor Raphael Mechoulam at the Hebrew University. HU-210 is 100 to 800 times more potent than natural THC from cannabis and has an extended duration of action...
, - CP 47,497CP 47,497CP 47,497 is a cannabinoid receptor agonist drug, developed by Pfizer in the 1980s. It has analgesic effects and is used in scientific research...
.
2Cs
2Cs are psychedelic phenethylamines synthesized by Dr. Alexander ShulginAlexander Shulgin
Alexander "Sasha" Theodore Shulgin is an American pharmacologist, chemist, artist, and drug developer.Shulgin is credited with the popularization of MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, especially for psychopharmaceutical use and the treatment of depression and...
in the 1970s and 80s. In legality, they range from being totally uncontrolled to strictly illegal, depending on jurisdiction. Many if not all of the 2Cs could be considered illegal in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
under the Federal Analog Act
Federal Analog Act
The Federal Analog Act, , is a controversial section of the United States Controlled Substances Act which allowed any chemical "substantially similar" to a controlled substance listed in Schedule I or II to be treated as if it were also listed in those schedules, but only if intended for human...
if sold or possessed for consumption. In the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
the entire 2C family is also considered illegal.
Amanita muscaria
Amanita muscaria has been rarely consumed recreationally. However, following the outlawing of psilocybin-containing mushrooms in the United Kingdom, an increased quantity of legal A. muscaria mushrooms began to be sold and consumed.Echinopsis pachanoi
Echinopsis pachanoi has a long history of being used in Andean traditional medicine.Deliriants
Datura
Datura species (especially Datura stramoniumDatura stramonium
Datura stramonium, known by the common names Jimson weed, devil's trumpet, devil's weed, thorn apple, tolguacha, Jamestown weed, stinkweed, locoweed, datura, pricklyburr, devil's cucumber, Hell's Bells, moonflower and, in South Africa, malpitte and mad seeds, is a common weed in the...
and Datura wrightii
Datura wrightii
Datura wrightii or Sacred Datura is the name of a poisonous perennial plant and ornamental flower of southwestern North America. It is sometimes used as a hallucinogen. Datura wrightii is classified as a deliriant and an anticholinergic....
) aka Jimsonweed, Gabriel's Trumpet and Carlos Castenada's "devil's weed" are common poisonous weeds in the Nightshade Family. They contain tropane alkaloids that are sometimes used as a hallucinogen. The active ingredients are atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine which are classified as deliriants, or anticholinergics. It can be smoked, eaten or made into a tea. The seeds are extremely potent and should be avoided.
Datura use has been associated with hospital visits and death in cases of overdose, and it has earned a reputation of being a rather dangerous substance due to the possible loss of control over ones self.
Diphenhydramine
DiphenhydramineDiphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is a first-generation antihistamine possessing anticholinergic, antitussive, antiemetic, and sedative properties which is mainly used to treat allergies. Like most other first-generation antihistamines, the drug also has a powerful hypnotic effect, and for this reason...
is an antihistamine and a sedative and is available over the counter for allergy relief and for use as a sleep aid. Recreational users take many times (>250 mg) the therapeutic dose to achieve a state of delusional delirium.
Ethanol
Alcoholic beverages contain the psychoactive drug
Psychoactive drug
A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, or psychotropic is a chemical substance that crosses the blood–brain barrier and acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it affects brain function, resulting in changes in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior...
, ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs. Best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, it is also used in thermometers, as a...
(grain alcohol), with a depressant
Depressant
A depressant, or central depressant, is a drug or endogenous compound that depresses the function or activity of a specific part of the brain...
effect. They are legal in most of the world (except some Muslim countries), although their use is restricted almost everywhere. Alcohol is considered a legal class A drug in most jurisdictions (Bufton, 2007).
Kava (Kavalactone)
Kava (Piper methysticum) is an ancient crop of the western Pacific. The onset of a moderate potency kava drink is 20–30 minutes, with effects usually lasting for two hours but effects can be felt up to eight hours after ingestion.
Diethyl ether
A solvent sedative used medically as an anesthetic and recreationally for its effects similar to alcohol. It is more potent than alcohol and has less "hang over" effect. It is generally legal due its wide use as lab chemical and solvent for industry.Inhalants
Inhalants are commonly used in many parts of the world for their powerful but short lived psychoactive effects; the most common group to use inhalants are young people.Nitrous oxide
Also known as "Laughing Gas". One of the most common inhalants, nitrous oxide is also known as "whippits", after the common brand-name of the charging cartridges used in food service whipped-cream dispensers, or NOS after the brand-name Nitrous Oxide Systems which produce Nitrous Oxide-based power enhancement systems for internal combustion engines (commonly used by drag racers). Most inhalants are directly neurotoxic, except for nitrous, amyl nitrate, and ether to an extent. Although nitrous depletes vitamin B12Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins...
from the body, this isn't a concern for the occasional user since most animal foods have the vitamin, particularly beef, lamb, and pork. However, chronic use can cause a severe B12 deficiency, which can cause psychological, neurological, and other physiological harm.
Nitrous Oxide is commonly administered by using a charging cartridge and whipped cream dispenser to inflate a balloon, the contents of which is then inhaled in one deep breath. The 'high' can be extremely intense, often causing the user to laugh uncontrollably and producing a dissociative ( or 'spaced out') sensation, but this usually lasts for less than a minute.
Nitrites
Also known as PoppersPoppers
Poppers is a slang term for various alkyl nitrites inhaled for recreational purposes, particularly isopropyl nitrite and isobutyl nitrite , and now more rarely, butyl nitrite and amyl nitrite...
. Nitrites include Amyl, Butyl, Methyl, Isopropol, Isobutal, Ethyl, Alkyl and the newer "US" formula containing Cyclohexyl Nitrite (the only nitrite to not currently require a prescription). Originally used as anti-anginal heart medication to lower blood pressure and even as an antidote to Cyanide Poisoning. Products are advertised as odorisers, leather cleaner and video head cleaner. Combination with Nitrous Oxide is referred to as 'Space Surfing' because of the intense synergistic effect of the two inhalants.
Opioids
An opioid is a chemical substance that has a morphineMorphine
Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic medication and is considered to be the prototypical opioid. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by same in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more...
-like action in the body, however most opioids are not legal for over the counter purchase. Codeine
Codeine
Codeine or 3-methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive, and antidiarrheal properties...
can be purchased over the counter in some jurisdictions, but it's usually mixed with Paracetamol
Paracetamol
Paracetamol INN , or acetaminophen USAN , is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic . It is commonly used for the relief of headaches and other minor aches and pains and is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu remedies...
to discourage abuse. The paracetamol, however, can be removed fairly easily by manipulation of the different solubility
Solubility
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent to form a homogeneous solution of the solute in the solvent. The solubility of a substance fundamentally depends on the used solvent as well as on...
of paracetamol and codeine in cold water.
Kratom
Non-opiate herbal drug native to Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia
Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...
. The leaves are used as an opiate substitute, and around the world for opiate addiction recovery because it binds to the mu opioid receptor
Mu Opioid receptor
The μ-opioid receptors are a class of opioid receptors with high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin but low affinity for dynorphins. They are also referred to as μ opioid peptide receptors. The prototypical μ receptor agonist is the opium alkaloid morphine; μ refers to morphine...
s as all opioid
Opioid
An opioid is a psychoactive chemical that works by binding to opioid receptors, which are found principally in the central and peripheral nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract...
s do. It is also used as a stimulant
Stimulant
Stimulants are psychoactive drugs which induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical function or both. Examples of these kinds of effects may include enhanced alertness, wakefulness, and locomotion, among others...
(in low doses). Higher doses produce a more sedative
Sedative
A sedative or tranquilizer is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement....
effect.
Kratom is illegal in Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
, Malaysia, Myanmar
Myanmar
Burma , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , is a country in Southeast Asia. Burma is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, the Bay of Bengal to the southwest, and the Andaman Sea on the south....
, and Thailand
Thailand
Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
.