Kail
Encyclopedia
Kail is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality
belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde
, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell
district
in Rhineland-Palatinate
, Germany
. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Treis-Karden
, whose seat is in the like-named municipality
.
with the Moselle valley to the south. Lying to the east and west are the Pommerbach and Fellerbach valleys respectively, while the Kailer Hochwald (“Kail High Forest”) lies to the northwest.
in Kail amounts to 642 mm, which is rather low, falling into the lowest third of the precipitation chart for all Germany. Only at 29% of the German Weather Service’s weather station
s are even lower figures recorded. The driest month is February. The most rainfall comes in June. In that month, precipitation is 1.6 times what it is in February. Precipitation hardly varies and is spread rather evenly throughout the year. At only 15% of the weather stations are lower seasonal swings recorded.
Foundation (a monastery; Stift St. Kastor) in Karden
acquired holdings in cheledin, and history shows that these were still in the Foundation’s hands as late as 1780. However, in 1806, during the French Revolutionary
occupation, these holdings were auction
ed off by the French
.
The village was also mentioned in 1316 when the parish church in Pommern
was incorporated into Himmerod Abbey
.
The Rosenthal Cistercian Convent owned an estate in the village, as did also Himmerod Abbey, the Carthusian
monastery at Trier
, the Franciscan
convent in Karden, Brauweiler Abbey in Klotten
and the Cathedral Chapter at Trier. Among the nobles who had holdings in Kail were the Waldecks of Kaimt, the Barons Boos at Waldeck, the Barons of Gymnich and the Counts of Leyen. Furthermore, the Lords of Pyrmont owned serfs in Kail.
Although Kail had a church consecrated to Saint Bartholomew, it was parochially united with Pommern. The old chapel
, which was deconsecrated sometime after 1905, was according to the ecclesiastical records built between 1698 and 1701. A new chapel was built between 1901 and 1903 to plans by government master builder and architect Leopold Schweitzer from Koblenz
.
Beginning in 1794, Kail lay under French
rule. In 1814 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia
at the Congress of Vienna
. Since 1946, it has been part of the then newly founded state
of Rhineland-Palatinate
.
at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
The municipality’s arms
might in English heraldic
language be described thus: Tierced in mantle, dexter argent a rose gules, sinister argent a flaying knife bendwise sable, the point to chief and in base vert an urn issuant from which three ears of wheat Or.
The urn refers to a prehistoric
archaeological
find and to the Roman
origin of the placename Kail, which meant originally “Calidus’s homestead”. Prehistoric barrows
from La Tène times
can be found in the Kailerwald district. The ears of wheat are supposed to recall both the time when the village arose, having once been mentioned as an agrictultural estate, and agriculture
itself, which is still important in the municipality today. The Rosenthal Convent was a landholder in the village between 1547 and 1801, owning an estate and valuable lands. The charge
on the dexter (armsbearer’s right, viewer’s left) side, a rose, is the Convent’s armorial bearing. The flaying knife on the sinister (armsbearer’s left, viewer’s right) side is Saint Bartholomew’s attribute, thus representing the municipality’s and the church’s patron saint. He has held this honour since the old chapel was built in 1698.
The arms have been borne since 16 December 1985.
.
’s Directory of Cultural Monuments –
Municipalities of Germany
Municipalities are the lowest level of territorial division in Germany. This may be the fourth level of territorial division in Germany, apart from those states which include Regierungsbezirke , where municipalities then become the fifth level.-Overview:With more than 3,400,000 inhabitants, the...
belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde
Verbandsgemeinde
A Verbandsgemeinde is an administrative unit in the German Bundesländer of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt.-Rhineland-Palatinate:...
, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell
Cochem-Zell
Cochem-Zell is a district in the north-west of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Hunsrück, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Vulkaneifel.- History :...
district
Districts of Germany
The districts of Germany are known as , except in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein where they are known simply as ....
in Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of and about four million inhabitants. The capital is Mainz. English speakers also commonly refer to the state by its German name, Rheinland-Pfalz ....
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Treis-Karden
Treis-Karden (Verbandsgemeinde)
Treis-Karden is a Verbandsgemeinde in the district of Cochem-Zell, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Treis-Karden....
, whose seat is in the like-named municipality
Treis-Karden
Treis-Karden is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde to which it also belongs...
.
Location
The municipality lies in the EifelEifel
The Eifel is a low mountain range in western Germany and eastern Belgium. It occupies parts of southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Rhineland-Palatinate and the south of the German-speaking Community of Belgium....
with the Moselle valley to the south. Lying to the east and west are the Pommerbach and Fellerbach valleys respectively, while the Kailer Hochwald (“Kail High Forest”) lies to the northwest.
Climate
Yearly precipitationPrecipitation (meteorology)
In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation (also known as one of the classes of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation...
in Kail amounts to 642 mm, which is rather low, falling into the lowest third of the precipitation chart for all Germany. Only at 29% of the German Weather Service’s weather station
Weather station
A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for observing atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate. The measurements taken include temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, wind speed, wind...
s are even lower figures recorded. The driest month is February. The most rainfall comes in June. In that month, precipitation is 1.6 times what it is in February. Precipitation hardly varies and is spread rather evenly throughout the year. At only 15% of the weather stations are lower seasonal swings recorded.
History
In 1121, Saint Castor’sCastor of Karden
Saint Castor of Karden was a priest and hermit of the 4th century who is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church. Castor was a pupil of Maximinus of Trier around 345 AD, and was ordained as a priest by Maximinus. Like his teacher, Castor may have come from the region of Aquitaine...
Foundation (a monastery; Stift St. Kastor) in Karden
Treis-Karden
Treis-Karden is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde to which it also belongs...
acquired holdings in cheledin, and history shows that these were still in the Foundation’s hands as late as 1780. However, in 1806, during the French Revolutionary
French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts, from 1792 until 1802, fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states...
occupation, these holdings were auction
Auction
An auction is a process of buying and selling goods or services by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then selling the item to the highest bidder...
ed off by the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
.
The village was also mentioned in 1316 when the parish church in Pommern
Pommern, Rhineland-Palatinate
Pommern is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany...
was incorporated into Himmerod Abbey
Himmerod Abbey
Himmerod Abbey is a Cistercian monastery in the community of Großlittgen in the Verbandsgemeinde of Manderscheid in the district of Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located in the Eifel, in the valley of the Salm.-First foundation:Himmerod Abbey was founded in 1134 by Saint...
.
The Rosenthal Cistercian Convent owned an estate in the village, as did also Himmerod Abbey, the Carthusian
Carthusian
The Carthusian Order, also called the Order of St. Bruno, is a Roman Catholic religious order of enclosed monastics. The order was founded by Saint Bruno of Cologne in 1084 and includes both monks and nuns...
monastery at Trier
Trier
Trier, historically called in English Treves is a city in Germany on the banks of the Moselle. It is the oldest city in Germany, founded in or before 16 BC....
, the Franciscan
Franciscan
Most Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
convent in Karden, Brauweiler Abbey in Klotten
Klotten
Klotten is a winemaking centre and an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany...
and the Cathedral Chapter at Trier. Among the nobles who had holdings in Kail were the Waldecks of Kaimt, the Barons Boos at Waldeck, the Barons of Gymnich and the Counts of Leyen. Furthermore, the Lords of Pyrmont owned serfs in Kail.
Although Kail had a church consecrated to Saint Bartholomew, it was parochially united with Pommern. The old chapel
Chapel
A chapel is a building used by Christians as a place of fellowship and worship. It may be part of a larger structure or complex, such as a church, college, hospital, palace, prison or funeral home, located on board a military or commercial ship, or it may be an entirely free-standing building,...
, which was deconsecrated sometime after 1905, was according to the ecclesiastical records built between 1698 and 1701. A new chapel was built between 1901 and 1903 to plans by government master builder and architect Leopold Schweitzer from Koblenz
Koblenz
Koblenz is a German city situated on both banks of the Rhine at its confluence with the Moselle, where the Deutsches Eck and its monument are situated.As Koblenz was one of the military posts established by Drusus about 8 BC, the...
.
Beginning in 1794, Kail lay under French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
rule. In 1814 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
at the Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815. The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars,...
. Since 1946, it has been part of the then newly founded state
States of Germany
Germany is made up of sixteen which are partly sovereign constituent states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Land literally translates as "country", and constitutionally speaking, they are constituent countries...
of Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of and about four million inhabitants. The capital is Mainz. English speakers also commonly refer to the state by its German name, Rheinland-Pfalz ....
.
Municipal council
The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by majority votePlurality voting system
The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies...
at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
Coat of arms
The German blazon reads: Schild durch eingeschweifte Spitze, darin in Grün eine goldene Urne mit drei Ähren, gespalten; vorne in Silber eine rote Rose, hinten in Silber ein schwarzes Schindmesser.The municipality’s arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
might in English heraldic
Heraldry
Heraldry is the profession, study, or art of creating, granting, and blazoning arms and ruling on questions of rank or protocol, as exercised by an officer of arms. Heraldry comes from Anglo-Norman herald, from the Germanic compound harja-waldaz, "army commander"...
language be described thus: Tierced in mantle, dexter argent a rose gules, sinister argent a flaying knife bendwise sable, the point to chief and in base vert an urn issuant from which three ears of wheat Or.
The urn refers to a prehistoric
Prehistory
Prehistory is the span of time before recorded history. Prehistory can refer to the period of human existence before the availability of those written records with which recorded history begins. More broadly, it refers to all the time preceding human existence and the invention of writing...
archaeological
Archaeology
Archaeology, or archeology , is the study of human society, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts and cultural landscapes...
find and to the Roman
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
origin of the placename Kail, which meant originally “Calidus’s homestead”. Prehistoric barrows
Tumulus
A tumulus is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, Hügelgrab or kurgans, and can be found throughout much of the world. A tumulus composed largely or entirely of stones is usually referred to as a cairn...
from La Tène times
La Tène culture
The La Tène culture was a European Iron Age culture named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchâtel in Switzerland, where a rich cache of artifacts was discovered by Hansli Kopp in 1857....
can be found in the Kailerwald district. The ears of wheat are supposed to recall both the time when the village arose, having once been mentioned as an agrictultural estate, and agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
itself, which is still important in the municipality today. The Rosenthal Convent was a landholder in the village between 1547 and 1801, owning an estate and valuable lands. The charge
Charge (heraldry)
In heraldry, a charge is any emblem or device occupying the field of an escutcheon . This may be a geometric design or a symbolic representation of a person, animal, plant, object or other device...
on the dexter (armsbearer’s right, viewer’s left) side, a rose, is the Convent’s armorial bearing. The flaying knife on the sinister (armsbearer’s left, viewer’s right) side is Saint Bartholomew’s attribute, thus representing the municipality’s and the church’s patron saint. He has held this honour since the old chapel was built in 1698.
The arms have been borne since 16 December 1985.
Culture and sightseeing
The village’s main landmark is Saint Bartholomew’s Catholic Parish Church. It was built between 1901 and 1903 and has windows with beautiful, vividly coloured stained glassStained glass
The term stained glass can refer to coloured glass as a material or to works produced from it. Throughout its thousand-year history, the term has been applied almost exclusively to the windows of churches and other significant buildings...
.
Buildings
The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-PalatinateRhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of and about four million inhabitants. The capital is Mainz. English speakers also commonly refer to the state by its German name, Rheinland-Pfalz ....
’s Directory of Cultural Monuments –
- Saint Bartholomew’s Catholic Church (Kirche St. Bartholomäus), Hauptstraße 5 – Gothic RevivalGothic Revival architectureThe Gothic Revival is an architectural movement that began in the 1740s in England...
centrally supported building, 1901-1903; lava grotto with Gothic Revival sculptures - Hauptstraße – wayside chapelChapelA chapel is a building used by Christians as a place of fellowship and worship. It may be part of a larger structure or complex, such as a church, college, hospital, palace, prison or funeral home, located on board a military or commercial ship, or it may be an entirely free-standing building,...
, within a figure of Saint AnthonySaint Anthony-People:*Anthony of Antioch , Martyr under Diocletian. Feast day: January 9*Anthony the Great , Egyptian Christian saint and Desert Father. Feast day: January 17 or 30...
, 19th century - Unterstraße 10 – Quereinhaus (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street), 19th century, stable; whole complex
- Unterstraße 16 – timber-frameTimber framingTimber framing , or half-timbering, also called in North America "post-and-beam" construction, is the method of creating structures using heavy squared off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs . It is commonplace in large barns...
house, partly solid, plastered, hipped mansard roofMansard roofA mansard or mansard roof is a four-sided gambrel-style hip roof characterized by two slopes on each of its sides with the lower slope at a steeper angle than the upper that is punctured by dormer windows. The roof creates an additional floor of habitable space, such as a garret...
, 18th century; commercial wing, 19th century; whole complex of buildings - At the Kreisstraße (District Road) 30/Landesstraße (State Road) 107 crossroads – wayside chapel; from 1891