Jorge Ferreira Chaves
Encyclopedia
Jorge Ferreira Chaves, was a Portuguese
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...

 architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...

.

Some authors may refer to him as "Jorge Chaves" or simply "Chaves".

He was one of the architects responsible, in the latter part of the 1940s, for the establishment of the Modern Movement in Portugal.

Professionally active between 1941 and 1981, he is considered one of the most perfectionist Portuguese architects. From 1946, in his office, he developed several dozens of projects for continental Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...

, the island of Madeira
Madeira
Madeira is a Portuguese archipelago that lies between and , just under 400 km north of Tenerife, Canary Islands, in the north Atlantic Ocean and an outermost region of the European Union...

, Portuguese Guinea
Portuguese Guinea
Portuguese Guinea was the name for what is today Guinea-Bissau from 1446 to September 10, 1974.-History:...

 and Angola
Angola (Portugal)
Angola is the common name by which the Portuguese colony in southwestern Africa was known across different periods of time...

.

He also collaborated with some of the most important architectural offices in Lisbon of the first half of the 20th century: those of Joaquim Ferreira, Miguel Jacobetty Rosa
Jacobetty Rosa
Miguel Simões Jacobetty Rosa was a Portuguese architect. One of his greatest works was the designing of the Estádio Nacional , located near Lisbon....

 and Porfírio Pardal Monteiro.

Biography

Jorge Ribeiro Ferreira Chaves was born on 22 February 1920, in Ponta do Sol, municipal seat of Ribeira Grande, on the island of Santo Antão
Santo Antão
Santo Antão , or Sontonton in Cape Verdean Creole, is the westernmost and largest of the Barlavento islands of Cape Verde. The nearest main island is São Vicente to the southeast, separated by a channel named Canal de São Vicente...

 in Cape Verde
Cape Verde
The Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...

.

He was the son of Portuguese civil engineer and inventor Raul Pires Ferreira Chaves
Raul Pires Ferreira Chaves
Raúl Pires Ferreira Chaves was a Portuguese civil engineer and inventor. A graduate of the Instituto Superior Técnico of Lisbon. He lived and primarily worked in Portugal, Cape Verde and Portuguese Guinea ....

.

From 1931 he lived in Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...

.

Education

He studied architecture
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...

 at the Escola de Belas Artes de Lisboa (Lisbon School of Fine Arts), having entered in 1935.

In 1941, his degree program was interrupted because of military service during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

, stationed with Portuguese expeditionary forces on the island of São Miguel
São Miguel Island
São Miguel Island , nicknamed "The Green Island", is the largest and most populous island in the Portuguese Azores archipelago. The island covers and has around 140,000 inhabitants, 45,000 of these people located in the largest city in the archipelago: Ponta Delgada.-History:In 1427, São Miguel...

 in the Azores
Azores
The Archipelago of the Azores is composed of nine volcanic islands situated in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, and is located about west from Lisbon and about east from the east coast of North America. The islands, and their economic exclusion zone, form the Autonomous Region of the...

. He remained on the island until 1944.

He rejoined the School of Fine Arts in 1944 to finish the architecture degree. Simultaneously, in 1946-1947, he attended the Sculpture
Sculpture
Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard materials—typically stone such as marble—or metal, glass, or wood. Softer materials can also be used, such as clay, textiles, plastics, polymers and softer metals...

 degree.
In 1948, he graduated in architecture and was awarded the 1947 José Luis Monteiro Prize, which included a monetary stipend for students achieving academic excellence. The prize was significant, since it had not been awarded the previous four years, and had accumulated.

In his diploma application exam , in 1953, Jorge Chaves obtained a significant passing grade: 19 out of 20.

Career

His professional career started during the period of 1943-1956; a period which Nuno Portas has designated as the stage of "resistance" in Portuguese architecture and art
Art
Art is the product or process of deliberately arranging items in a way that influences and affects one or more of the senses, emotions, and intellect....

. From 1944 to 1946, in the final years at university, he collaborated with architect Joaquim Ferreira. During this period, he also collaborated, occasionally, with architects Filipe Nobre de Figueiredo and Alberto Soeiro.

In 1946 he set up his first office together with his graduation classmate Luís Coelho Borges.

He was a member of ICAT - Iniciativas Culturais Arte e Técnica (Culture, Arts and Techniques Initiatives) and also of the Sociedade Nacional de Belas-Artes (National Society of Fine Arts). He participated in four sessions of the EGAP Exposições Gerais de Artes Plásticas (General Exhibitions of Visual Arts) by presenting architectural projects. In 1948, he participated in the 1º Congresso Nacional de Arquitectura (1st National Congress of Architecture ).
One of his "post - 48 Congress" projects was the Laboratorios Cannobio building, designed in 1948 and built in 1949. This was one of the first buildings to emerge in the Centre of Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...

 displaying an architectural language clearly engaged with the Modern Movement.
His project for the street corner of Rua Braancamp 7 with Rua Mouzinho da Silveira would also have been so, had it not been rejected for "aesthetic reasons”, by the conservative Municipality of Lisbon.


In parallel with project activity in his own office, he collaborated with the office of architect Miguel Jacobetty Rosa
Jacobetty Rosa
Miguel Simões Jacobetty Rosa was a Portuguese architect. One of his greatest works was the designing of the Estádio Nacional , located near Lisbon....

, between 1948 and 1952, and did an internship under the direction of architect Hernâni Gandra during 1951.

In 1952 he was invited to the office of the architect Porfírio Pardal Monteiro, with whom he worked in designing the Palácio da Rotunda and Sorel buildings, but especially the Hotel Ritz in Lisbon, "a remarkable work, for its aesthetic wisdom and excellence of material execution ".
During architect Porfírio Pardal Monteiro illness and after his death in 1957, he ensured the continuity of the project of the hotel, by giving assistance to the construction and by heading the phase of execution in a special office built in the site, until its inauguration in 1959.

Although the design of Hotel Ritz was his core activity from 1952 to 1959, he kept his own office to which he was exclusively dedicated after 1959.
His most significant architectural production took place during a period caracterized as "of a relative opening of the (dictatorial) regime to accept modern architecture
Modern architecture
Modern architecture is generally characterized by simplification of form and creation of ornament from the structure and theme of the building. It is a term applied to an overarching movement, with its exact definition and scope varying widely...

". During the 1960s, he developed a specific trait, recognizable in such works as the “Pastelaria Mexicana” in Lisbon or the “Hotel Garbe” and the “Hotel Baleeira” in the Algarve and also in housing in Olivais Sul, Rua da Penha de França and Rua da Ilha do Príncipe in Lisbon. This latter case has been referred to as "perhaps the best urban intervention for housing
House
A house is a building or structure that has the ability to be occupied for dwelling by human beings or other creatures. The term house includes many kinds of different dwellings ranging from rudimentary huts of nomadic tribes to free standing individual structures...

 in Lisbon in that decade".

The “Chamber of Commerce of Bissau
Bissau
Bissau is the capital city of Guinea-Bissau. The city's borders are conterminous with the Bissau Autonomous Sector. In 2007, the city had an estimated population of 407,424 according to the Instituto Nacional de Estatística e Censos...

” , the headquarters of the Guinea’s Trade, Industry and Agriculture Association , is considered the most qualified architectural achievement in Bissau
Bissau
Bissau is the capital city of Guinea-Bissau. The city's borders are conterminous with the Bissau Autonomous Sector. In 2007, the city had an estimated population of 407,424 according to the Instituto Nacional de Estatística e Censos...

 during the colonial period.

At the end of the 1950s he produced the “remarkable work of Caixa Geral de Depósitos bank in São Pedro do Sul, clearly influenced by the survey on vernacular
Vernacular
A vernacular is the native language or native dialect of a specific population, as opposed to a language of wider communication that is not native to the population, such as a national language or lingua franca.- Etymology :The term is not a recent one...

 architecture in Portugal that was carried out in the late 1950s.

"The Pastelaria Mexicana (a Lisbon cafe and snack-bar) is a highly remarkable example that led to the limits, in that period and in Portugal, the expressionist
Expressionist architecture
Expressionist architecture was an architectural movement that developed in Europe during the first decades of the 20th century in parallel with the expressionist visual and performing arts....

 trends created inside the Modern Movement since the early 20th century" and that "developed a phenomenological
Phenomenology (architecture)
Phenomenology is both a philosophical design current in contemporary architecture and a specific field of academic research, based on the experience of building materials and their sensory properties....

 sense of architectural vision that reached a climax, deemed even exceptional, in the history of architecture in Portugal."
"Broken line profiles and non-straight angles, key elements of an international lineage organicism
Organic architecture
Organic architecture is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world through design approaches so sympathetic and well integrated with its site that buildings, furnishings, and surroundings become part of a unified, interrelated...

 rediscovered in the 1960s", are " brilliantly integrated in this perfect example of "total design"." The process of its classification as a monument
Monument
A monument is a type of structure either explicitly created to commemorate a person or important event or which has become important to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage, or simply as an example of historic architecture...

 of public interest has been ongoing in IGESPAR since 1996, after an intervention, in that same year, that changed significantly some parts of its architecture. It retains, however, part of the elements that motivated, in 1993, such a proposed classification.


Several of his major works, such as the “Pastelaria Mexicana” (cafe), the “Palissi Galvani” shop and the Hotel Florida in Lisbon, the Hotel Garbe, the Hotel da Baleeira and the Hotel Globo in the Algarve or the Chamber of Commerce of Bissau in Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau
The Republic of Guinea-Bissau is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west....

 include conceptually integrated visual arts interventions, some created by himself.

The visual artists Jorge Vieira, José Escada, Martins Correia, Paulo Guilherme d'Eça Leal, Sena da Silva, Hein Semke, Querubim Lapa, Mario Costa, António Alfredo and João Câmara Leme were invited to intervene in his works (see “PROJECTOS E OBRAS” of the Architect Jorge Ferreira Chaves in Pt. Wiki).

In his career, he was accompanied in some of the listed projects, by the associated architects Luís Coelho Borges, Álvaro Valladas Petersen, Anselmo Fernandez Rodriguez, Eduardo Goulard Medeiros, Artur Pires Martins, Cândido Palma de Melo and also by Mario Xavier Antunes, Jorge Herédia, Frederico Sant'Ana and Vítor Sousa Figueiredo, who were internship members of his office and carried on collaborating with him (see “PROJECTOS E OBRAS” of the Architect Jorge Ferreira Chaves in Pt. Wiki).

His work also developed on the wide urban
Urbanism
Broadly, urbanism is a focus on cities and urban areas, their geography, economies, politics, social characteristics, as well as the effects on, and caused by, the built environment.-Philosophy:...

 scale and he had an important role in the development of Industrial Design
Industrial design
Industrial design is the use of a combination of applied art and applied science to improve the aesthetics, ergonomics, and usability of a product, but it may also be used to improve the product's marketability and production...

 in Portugal. For the equipment of his buildings and interior design
Interior design
Interior design describes a group of various yet related projects that involve turning an interior space into an effective setting for the range of human activities are to take place there. An interior designer is someone who conducts such projects...

s, Jorge Ferreira Chaves always designed original furniture
Furniture
Furniture is the mass noun for the movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating and sleeping in beds, to hold objects at a convenient height for work using horizontal surfaces above the ground, or to store things...

 or chose mainly Portuguese designed and manufactured fixtures
Fixtures
A fixture is a legal concept that includes any physical property that is permanently attached or fixed to real property which once removed will cause [permanent] damage to the real property, usually land. If the property is not affixed to real property it is considered chattel property...

 and objects.

From 1978 to 1981, he designed interventions in public buildings, as an Architect of the Ministry of Public Works .

He died in Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...

 on August 22, 1981.

Built

Please see PROJECTOS E OBRAS of architect Jorge Ferreira Chaves in Pt. Wiki.

Non Built

Please see PROJECTOS E OBRAS of architect Jorge Ferreira Chaves in Pt. Wiki.

Books

AGAREZ, Ricardo - “O Moderno revisitado - Habitação multifamiliar em Lisboa nos anos de 1950”; edição da C.M.L.; 2009. (p. 279)
AGAREZ, Ricardo - "De regra, renda e desenho: arquitectura para a Misericórdia de Lisboa c. 1960" in AA.VV. - Património Arquitectónico da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, Vol. 2. Lisboa: Santa Casa da Misericórdia; 2010. Tomo I. (pp. 83–95 and 256-265)
AGUIAR, Armando de - "Guiné Minha Terra", Lisboa: Agência Geral do Ultramar; 1964. (p. 80)
ALMEIDA, Álvaro Duarte de; BELO, Duarte – “Portugal património: Lisboa”‎; 2008. (p. 155)
CALDAS, João Vieira. "Porfírio Pardal Monteiro: Arquitecto"; Lisboa: Associação dos Arquitectos Portugueses; 1997. (pp. 91, 94 and 117)
FERNANDES, José Manuel – “Que viva a Mexicana! (ou A batalha da Mexicana)" in “Lisboa em obras”; 1997; Livros horizonte. (pp. 205 and 208)
FERNANDES, José Manuel - “Geração africana: arquitectura e cidades em Angola e Moçambique, 1925-1975”‎; 2002. (p. 33)
FERNANDES, José Manuel - “A Mexicana” in “Arquitectura do Movimento Moderno: inventário Docomomo ibérico: 1925 / 1965”; Associação dos Arquitectos Portugueses: Fundação Mies van der Rohe: Docomomo Ibérico; 1997. (p. 287)
LAMEIRO, Carlos - “Os meus cadernos 5 - Hotel Ritz Lisboa 1959 / 1999 - Na comemoração do seu Quadragésimo aniversário”; Centro editorial da FAUTL. (p. 11 and 15)
NEVES, José Manuel das - “Cadeiras Portuguesas Contemporâneas”; Edições Asa; 2003. (pp. 62–63 and 162-163)
MILHEIRO, Ana Vaz; DIAS, Eduardo Costa - "Arquitectura em Bissau e os Gabinetes de Urbanização colonial (1944-1974)";PDF; usjt.br/arq.urb/numero 02. (pp. 106–107)
PORTAS, Nuno - “A evolução da Arquitectura Moderna” in ZEVI, Bruno “História da Arquitectura Moderna”; Editora Arcádia. (p. 739)
RITZ - quatro décadas de Lisboa”; Edição Hotel Ritz, SA. (pp.  40-42, 104 and 205)
Habitação social na cidade de Lisboa 1959-1966”; Gabinete Técnico de Habitação; edição da C.M.L.; Outubro 1967.

Catalogs, Guides

Catálogo da “X Exposição Geral de Artes Plásticas 1956 – Dez anos de Exposição Geral de Artes Plásticas 1945-1956”; -"Projecto para a nova sede da Associação Comercial, Industrial e Agrícola da Guiné, a construir em Bissau" - Arquitecto Jorge Ferreira Chaves e Álvaro Valladas Peterson - obra 124; Sociedade Nacional de Belas-Artes
“Guia de Arquitectura Lisboa 94” ; Edição A.A.P. (1994)

Other

TOUSSAINT, Michel - "Texto de fundamentação para o pedido de Classificação da Pastelaria Mexicana"; 1993.
TOUSSAINT, Michel - "Texto do abaixo-assinado em defesa da Pastelaria Mexicana entregue ao IPPAR"; 1994.
MATOS, Madalena Cunha - "Coluna Polar - projecto de estudo e publicação da obra lisboeta de Jorge Ferreira Chaves". Candidatura nº PP07–279 ao programa de apoio a projectos pontuais para 2007, do Instituto das Artes.

Magazines

“BINÁRIO” nº 13 (Out. 1959) (separata)
“ARQUITECTURA” nº 23/24, Maio/Junho 1948 (p.  16)
  • “ARQUITECTURA” nº 35, (p. 20)

  • “ARQUITECTURA” nº 83, Setembro 1964 (p.  100 / 112)

“NOTÍCIAS MAGAZINE”- 27/3/2005
“EXPRESSO REVISTA” - 5/2/1994 - 11/5/2002
“REVISTA ARQUITECTOS” nº 2, Maio /Junho 1989 (foto p.  74)
“JORNAL ARQUITECTOS” nº 196, Maio/Junho 2000 (p.  13)
  • “JORNAL ARQUITECTOS” nº 197, Setembro e Outubro 2000 (p.  63)

  • “JORNAL ARQUITECTOS” nº 227, Abril/Junho 2007 (p.  23)

  • “JORNAL ARQUITECTOS” nº 132, Fevereiro 1993 (p.  20 / 31)

“K” nº32, Maio 1993 (p.  52)
“INFORMAÇÃO ARQUITECTOS” nº17, Agosto 1994
“BOLETIM DO G.T.H. LISBOA” nº 30/33 (Vol. 5) 1976 / 1977 (p.  212 / 215 and 230 / 237)
  • “BOLETIM DO G.T.H. LISBOA” nº 50/51 (Vol. 7) 1986 (p.  232)

“PANORAMA”, Volume 3, Edições 1-4‎; 1956
“BROTÉRIA”, Volume 61‎; 1955 (p.  91)
“CAMÕES: revista de letras e culturas lusófonas”, Edições 15-16‎ - Instituto Camões; 2003 (p.  205)

Buildings designed by Jorge Ferreira Chaves used for “Decor” in Portuguese motion pictures

  • Edifício de habitação na Rua da Ilha do Príncipe nº 7 in Lisbon, appears in:
“Filha da Mãe” a film by João Canijo
João Canijo
João Canijo is a Portuguese film director. His film Get a Life was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.-Filmography:* Três Menos Eu * Lovely Child/ Filha da Mãe João Canijo (born 1957) is a Portuguese film director. His film Get a Life was screened in the Un...

; Atalanta filmes; color; 1987
“Fragmentos de um Filme Esmola, a Sagrada Família” a film by João César Monteiro
João César Monteiro
João César Monteiro was a Portuguese film director, actor, writer and film critic . He was born in Figueira da Foz on February 2, 1939 and died of cancer in Lisbon on February 3, 2003.- Life and career :...

; Madragoa filmes; b/w; 1972
“Duas Histórias de Prisão” a film by Ginette Lavigne; Artline, Citizen TV and LX Fimes; color; 2001
“Nós” a film by Cláudia Tomaz; Madragoa filmes; color; 2002

  • Pastelaria Mexicana in Lisbon, appears in:
“Corte de Cabelo” a film by Joaquim Sapinho
Joaquim Sapinho
Joaquim Sapinho is a Portuguese film director. He is also the founder of Rosa Filmes. He was born in Sabugal, Portugal.-Career:Joaquim Sapinho was a student at the Portuguese National Film School, where he is nowadays a professor of directing for cinema.He started as a documentarist for...

; Rosa filmes; color; 1994

  • Hotel Florida in Lisbon, appears in:
“Tony” a film by Bruno Lourenço; O som e a fúria; color; 2010

  • Galerias do Hotel Florida in Lisbon, appears in:
“Rapazes de Táxis” a film by Constantino Esteves; Cinedex; b/w; 1965
“Senhor X” a film by Gonçalo Galvão Teles; Fado Filme; color; 2010

External links

http://docbweb.cm-lisboa.pt/plinkres.asp?base=isbd&form=comp&startrec=0&recpag=5&newsearch=1&searchtxt=%22de%20chaves,%20jorge%20ferreira%22
http://aps-ruasdelisboacomhistria.blogspot.com/2008/03/avenida-guerra-junqueiro.html
http://diasquevoam.blogspot.com/2009/01/outro-interior.html
http://www.igespar.pt/pt/patrimonio/pesquisa/geral/patrimonioimovel/detail/72827/
http://www.barlavento.online.pt/index.php/noticia?id=42869
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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