Instituto Nacional de Colonización
Encyclopedia
The Instituto Nacional de Colonización y Desarrollo Rural, National Institute of Rural Development and Colonization, was the administrative entity that was established by the Spanish Dictatorship
in October 1939, shortly after the end of the Spanish Civil War
, in order to repopulate certain areas of Spain
. This entity depended from the Ministry of Agriculture and it sought to alleviate the effects of the devastation caused by the three years of civil strife and the destructive war of attrition
imposed by General Franco on the country.
The Instituto acquired land which it transferred to the colonizing villagers under different conditions according to the area and the levels of poverty of the tenants. The colonizing tenants eventually were expected to pay a small sum that allowed them to become the future owners of the land they tilled.
This ambitious plan led to the establishment of new villages in different parts of Spain, some of which still survive. The Instituto reached a height of activity and influence during the first two decades of Franco's regime, but after the Plan de Estabilización in 1959, and the subsequent Planes de Desarrollo, its autarchic goals and ideals became outdated. By 1971 the word "Colonization" had stopped being politically correct
and the name of the entity was changed to Instituto Nacional de Reforma y Desarrollo Agrario (IRYDA).
in arid
and semi-arid
zones. This goal was very effective for the propaganda
purposes of the new regime and triumphalistic claims were made that the colonization measures would increase self-sufficiency
. But often irrigation was opposed to the traditional and sustainable
methods of dryland farming
that were ecologically
more in tune with locally available resources in fragile environments.
Although the plans of the IRYDA were implemented with the avowed goal of a "better management of natural resources of the country" , the agricultural policies implemented were sometimes not mindful of the environment, leading to salinization of the terrain and to soil erosion in some areas. Some of the villages that were established in former wetlands or in chronic drought
areas were later abandoned, along with the lands that surrounded them and that had formerly been earmarked for agriculture.
, Villafranco del Delta, a village in the Montsià
comarca nowadays rechristened as El Poblenou del Delta or Isla Mayor
near Seville
, the former Villafranco del Guadalquivir.
Some of these new settlements were built to house the families whose houses were flooded when their ancestral village was submerged by the waters of one of the many reservoir
s built during the development plans of the 1950s and 1960s, like Loriguilla
, Mequinensa and Faió (Fayón), among others. Others were renovations and repopulations of previously extant but abandoned towns.
Spanish State
Francoist Spain refers to a period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975 when Spain was under the authoritarian dictatorship of Francisco Franco....
in October 1939, shortly after the end of the Spanish Civil War
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil WarAlso known as The Crusade among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War among Carlists, and The Rebellion or Uprising among Republicans. was a major conflict fought in Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939...
, in order to repopulate certain areas of Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
. This entity depended from the Ministry of Agriculture and it sought to alleviate the effects of the devastation caused by the three years of civil strife and the destructive war of attrition
Attrition warfare
Attrition warfare is a military strategy in which a belligerent side attempts to win a war by wearing down its enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in personnel and matériel....
imposed by General Franco on the country.
The Instituto acquired land which it transferred to the colonizing villagers under different conditions according to the area and the levels of poverty of the tenants. The colonizing tenants eventually were expected to pay a small sum that allowed them to become the future owners of the land they tilled.
This ambitious plan led to the establishment of new villages in different parts of Spain, some of which still survive. The Instituto reached a height of activity and influence during the first two decades of Franco's regime, but after the Plan de Estabilización in 1959, and the subsequent Planes de Desarrollo, its autarchic goals and ideals became outdated. By 1971 the word "Colonization" had stopped being politically correct
Politically Correct
Politically Correct may refer to:*Political correctness, language, ideas, policies, or behaviour seeking to minimize offence to groups of people-See also:*Politically Correct Bedtime Stories, book by James Finn Garner, published in 1994...
and the name of the entity was changed to Instituto Nacional de Reforma y Desarrollo Agrario (IRYDA).
Goals and results
The Instituto's alleged main goal was to increase agricultural production in Spain by devoting more land surface to agriculture. Priority was given to the development of new irrigated areasIrrigation
Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
in arid
Arid
A region is said to be arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or even preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life...
and semi-arid
Semi-arid
A semi-arid climate or steppe climate describes climatic regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not extremely...
zones. This goal was very effective for the propaganda
Propaganda
Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position so as to benefit oneself or one's group....
purposes of the new regime and triumphalistic claims were made that the colonization measures would increase self-sufficiency
Self-sufficiency
Self-sufficiency refers to the state of not requiring any outside aid, support, or interaction, for survival; it is therefore a type of personal or collective autonomy...
. But often irrigation was opposed to the traditional and sustainable
Sustainable agriculture
Sustainable agriculture is the practice of farming using principles of ecology, the study of relationships between organisms and their environment...
methods of dryland farming
Dryland farming
Dryland farming is an agricultural technique for non-irrigated cultivation of drylands.-Locations:Dryland farming is used in the Great Plains, the Palouse plateau of Eastern Washington, and other arid regions of North America, the Middle East and in other grain growing regions such as the steppes...
that were ecologically
Ecology
Ecology is the scientific study of the relations that living organisms have with respect to each other and their natural environment. Variables of interest to ecologists include the composition, distribution, amount , number, and changing states of organisms within and among ecosystems...
more in tune with locally available resources in fragile environments.
Although the plans of the IRYDA were implemented with the avowed goal of a "better management of natural resources of the country" , the agricultural policies implemented were sometimes not mindful of the environment, leading to salinization of the terrain and to soil erosion in some areas. Some of the villages that were established in former wetlands or in chronic drought
Drought
A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation. It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region...
areas were later abandoned, along with the lands that surrounded them and that had formerly been earmarked for agriculture.
List of Villages
Many of the new villages were given a name related to the nearest river or even a name with an explicit reference to the Caudillo in order to cast a benevolent image of dictator Francisco Franco, like Llanos del CaudilloLlanos del Caudillo
Llanos del Caudillo is a municipality in Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 692.- History :Llanos del Caudillo was founded by colonist families in the 1950s, subsidized by the Instituto Nacional de Colonización of the Spanish government...
, Villafranco del Delta, a village in the Montsià
Montsià
Montsià is the southernmost comarca of Catalonia in Spain. Its capital and largest city is Amposta.-History:The Montsià was first established as a separate administrative comarca in 1936 and was named after the Serra del Montsià mountain range...
comarca nowadays rechristened as El Poblenou del Delta or Isla Mayor
Isla Mayor
Isla Mayor is a municipality located in the province of Seville, Spain. According to the 2006 census , the municipality, which has an area of 114 km2, has a population of 5.873 inhabitants....
near Seville
Seville
Seville is the artistic, historic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level...
, the former Villafranco del Guadalquivir.
Some of these new settlements were built to house the families whose houses were flooded when their ancestral village was submerged by the waters of one of the many reservoir
Reservoir
A reservoir , artificial lake or dam is used to store water.Reservoirs may be created in river valleys by the construction of a dam or may be built by excavation in the ground or by conventional construction techniques such as brickwork or cast concrete.The term reservoir may also be used to...
s built during the development plans of the 1950s and 1960s, like Loriguilla
Loriguilla
Loriguilla is a municipality in the comarca of Camp de Túria in the Valencian Community, Spain....
, Mequinensa and Faió (Fayón), among others. Others were renovations and repopulations of previously extant but abandoned towns.
- Andalucía
- Guadalimar del Caudillo, in LupiónLupión-Villages:*Lupión*Guadalimar, , a village established by the Instituto Nacional de Colonización in the Franco era located 6 km NW of Lupión....
, Province of Jaén - Guadalén del Caudillo, in Vilches, Province of Jaén
- Agrupación de Mogón, in VillacarrilloVillacarrilloVillacarrillo is a city located in the province of Jaén, Spain. According to the 2005 census , the city has a population of 10902 inhabitants.-Villages:*Villacarrillo...
, Province of Jaén - Arroturas, in VillacarrilloVillacarrilloVillacarrillo is a city located in the province of Jaén, Spain. According to the 2005 census , the city has a population of 10902 inhabitants.-Villages:*Villacarrillo...
, Province of Jaén - Agrupación de Santo Tomé (also known as Montiel) in Santo ToméSanto Tomé, SpainSanto Tomé is a municipality in the province of Jaén, Spain....
, Province of Jaén - Veracruz de Úbeda, in ÚbedaÚbedaÚbeda is a town in the province of Jaén in Spain's autonomous community of Andalusia, with some 35,600 inhabitants. Both this city and the neighboring city of Baeza benefited from extensive patronage in the early 16th century resulting in the construction of a series of Renaissance style palaces...
, Province of Jaén - Solana de Torralba, in Úbeda, Province of Jaén
- Valdecazorla, in CazorlaCazorlaCazorla is a city located in the province of Jaén, Spain. According to the 2006 census , the city had a population of 8,173 inhabitants.-Description:Cazorla lies at an elevation of 836 metres on the western slope of the Sierra de Cazorla...
, Province of Jaén - San Miguel, in Úbeda, Province of Jaén
- Donadio, in ÚbedaÚbedaÚbeda is a town in the province of Jaén in Spain's autonomous community of Andalusia, with some 35,600 inhabitants. Both this city and the neighboring city of Baeza benefited from extensive patronage in the early 16th century resulting in the construction of a series of Renaissance style palaces...
, Province of Jaén - Puente del Obispo, in BaezaBaezaBaeza is a town of approximately 16,200 inhabitants in Andalusia, Spain, in the province of Jaén, perched on a cliff in the Loma de Baeza, a mountain range between the river Guadalquivir on the south and its tributary the Guadalimar on the north. It is chiefly known today as having many of the...
, Province of Jaén - Sotogordo, in Mancha RealMancha RealMancha Real is a city located in the province of Jaén, Spain. According to the 2005 census , the city has a population of 10,187 inhabitants.- External links :* * *...
, Province of Jaén - Vados de Torralba, in VillatorresVillatorresVillatorres is a municipality in the province of Jaén, Spain....
, Province of Jaén - Campillo del Río, in TorreblascopedroTorreblascopedroTorreblascopedro is a city located in the province of Jaén, Spain. According to the 2005 census , the city has a population of 2866 inhabitants....
, Province of Jaén - Miraelrío, in VilchesVilches-Villages:*Vilches* Guadalén del Caudillo, , a village established by the Instituto Nacional de Colonización in the Franco era.* Miraelrío...
, Province of Jaén - Vegas de Santa María - Barrio de Linares, in Linares, Province of Jaén
- EspeluyEspelúyEspelúy is a town located in the province of Jaén, Spain. The town was reorganized and repopulated by the Instituto Nacional de Colonización in the 1950s. According to the 2006 census of the INE, the city has a population of 750 inhabitants.- External links :...
expansion, in Espeluy, Province of Jaén - La Quintería, in Villanueva de la ReinaVillanueva de la ReinaVillanueva de la Reina is a city located in the province of Jaén, Spain. According to the 2005 census , the city has a population of 3352 inhabitants....
, Province of Jaén - Los Villares de Andújar, in AndújarAndújarAndújar is a Spanish municipality of 38,539 people in the province of Jaén, in Andalusia. The municipality is divided by the Guadalquivir River. The northern part of the municipality is where the Natural Park of the Sierra de Andújar is situated. To the south are agricultural fields and...
, Province of Jaén - Vegas de Triana, in AndújarAndújarAndújar is a Spanish municipality of 38,539 people in the province of Jaén, in Andalusia. The municipality is divided by the Guadalquivir River. The northern part of the municipality is where the Natural Park of the Sierra de Andújar is situated. To the south are agricultural fields and...
, Province of Jaén - Llanos del Sotillo, in AndújarAndújarAndújar is a Spanish municipality of 38,539 people in the province of Jaén, in Andalusia. The municipality is divided by the Guadalquivir River. The northern part of the municipality is where the Natural Park of the Sierra de Andújar is situated. To the south are agricultural fields and...
, Province of Jaén - La Ropera, in AndújarAndújarAndújar is a Spanish municipality of 38,539 people in the province of Jaén, in Andalusia. The municipality is divided by the Guadalquivir River. The northern part of the municipality is where the Natural Park of the Sierra de Andújar is situated. To the south are agricultural fields and...
, Province of Jaén - Poblado de San Julián, in MarmolejoMarmolejoVolcán Marmolejo is a high Pleistocene stratovolcano in the Andes on the border between Argentina and Chile. It is located NNE of the active San José volcano, and has the distinction of being the southernmost -plus peak in the world.- See also :...
, Province of Jaén - Bembézar del Caudillo, in HornachuelosHornachuelosHornachuelos is a city located in the province of Córdoba, Spain. According to the 2006 census , the city has a population of 4662 inhabitants.The first scene of Act II of Giuseppe Verdi's La forza del destino takes place in "an inn at Hornachuelos"....
, Province of Córdoba - Villafranco del Guadalhorce, in Alhaurín el GrandeAlhaurín el GrandeAlhaurin el Grande is a town located in the province of Málaga in Andalusia, southern Spain, 30 km from the provincial capital, and at 239 meters above the sea level.It is situated between the river Fahala and the stream of Blas González...
, Province of Málaga - Guadalcacín (formerly Guadalcacín del Caudillo), in Jerez de la FronteraJerez de la FronteraJerez de la Frontera is a municipality in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia, in southwestern Spain, situated midway between the sea and the mountains. , the city, the largest in the province, had 208,896 inhabitants; it is the fifth largest in Andalusia...
, Province of Cádiz - Isla MayorIsla MayorIsla Mayor is a municipality located in the province of Seville, Spain. According to the 2006 census , the municipality, which has an area of 114 km2, has a population of 5.873 inhabitants....
(formerly Villafranco del Guadalquivir), in the Province of Sevilla - El Viar (formerly El Viar del Caudillo), in Alcalá del RíoAlcalá del RíoAlcalá del Río is a municipality in Seville, Spain. It had a population of 9,317 in 2005. It has an area of about 83 square kilometers and has a population density of 112.3 people per square kilometer. It has an altitude of 30 meters and is situated 13 kilometers away from Seville....
, Province of Sevilla - Peñuelas, in LácharLácharLáchar is a municipality in the province of Granada, in Spain. The village of Láchar lies in Granada's floodplain amid poplar forests and fertile orchards...
, Province of Granada - Fuensanta, in Pinos Puente, Province of Granada
- Loreto, in Moraleda de Safayona, Province of Granada
- Romilla la Nueva, in Chauchina, Province of Granada
- El Chaparral, in Albolote, Province of Granada
- Buenavista (known as Burrianca), in Alhama de Granada, Province of Granada
- San Isidro, in NíjarNíjar-External links: - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía - Diputación Provincial de Almería...
, Province of Almeria - Campohermoso, in Níjar, Province of Almeria
- Atochares, in Níjar, Province of Almeria
- Puebloblanco, in Níjar, Province of Almeria
- Guadalimar del Caudillo, in Lupión
- AragónAragonAragon is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza...
- Camporreal, in Sos del Rey CatólicoSos del Rey CatólicoSos del Rey Católico is a historic town and municipality located in the comarca of Cinco Villas, province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain.-History:Sancho I of Pamplona founded Sos, in either 907 or 908, as a border town during the Reconquista....
, Province of Zaragoza - Alera, in SádabaSádabaSádaba is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain.Sights include the ancient Roman Mausoleum of the Atilii and the Sádaba Castle....
, Province of Zaragoza - Bárdena del Caudillo, in Ejea de los Caballeros, Province of Zaragoza
- Valareña, in Ejea de los Caballeros, Province of Zaragoza
- El Bayo, in Ejea de los Caballeros, Province of Zaragoza
- Santa Anastasia, in Ejea de los Caballeros, Province of Zaragoza
- PinsoroPinsoroPinsoro is a village situated to the northwest of the city of Zaragoza in northeastern Spain.Its population is approximately 800. This village is located within the Ejea de los Caballeros municipal term.- History :...
, in Ejea de los Caballeros, Province of Zaragoza - Valareña, in Ejea de los Caballeros, Province of Zaragoza
- El Sabinar, in Ejea de los Caballeros, Province of Zaragoza
- Ontinar de Salz, in ZueraZueraZuera is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census, the municipality has a population of 7510 inhabitants....
, Province of Zaragoza - Puilatos, in ZueraZueraZuera is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census, the municipality has a population of 7510 inhabitants....
, Province of Zaragoza, (demolished) - Sancho Abarca, in TausteTausteTauste is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain.Sights include the Mudéjar church of Santa María, begun in the late 13th century and finished in the 14th century. It has an octagonal tower, a Baroque retable and a Renaissance retable of the Coronation of Mary.-Twin...
, Province of Zaragoza - Santa EngraciaSanta EngráciaSanta Engrácia is a Portuguese parish in the municipality of Lisbon. It has a total area of 0.57 km² and total population of 5,860 inhabitants ; density: 10,335.1 hab/km².-Main sites:...
, in TausteTausteTauste is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain.Sights include the Mudéjar church of Santa María, begun in the late 13th century and finished in the 14th century. It has an octagonal tower, a Baroque retable and a Renaissance retable of the Coronation of Mary.-Twin...
, Province of Zaragoza - Valsalada in AlmudévarAlmudévarAlmudévar is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census , the municipality has a population of 2,377 inhabitants....
, Huesca - Artasona del Llano in AlmudévarAlmudévarAlmudévar is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census , the municipality has a population of 2,377 inhabitants....
, Province of Huesca - San Jorge in AlmudévarAlmudévarAlmudévar is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census , the municipality has a population of 2,377 inhabitants....
, Province of Huesca - El Temple, in Gurrea de GállegoGurrea de GállegoGurrea de Gállego is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census , the municipality has a population of 1,744 inhabitants....
, Province of Huesca - Sodeto, in Alberuela de TuboAlberuela de TuboAlberuela de Tubo is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2009 census , the municipality has a population of 358 inhabitants.-Villages:...
, Province of Huesca - Valmuel (formerly Alpeñés del Caudillo), in AlcañizAlcañizAlcañiz is a town and municipality in the province of Teruel, in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. The town is located on the banks of the river Guadalope. Alcañiz is the unofficial capital of the Lower Aragon historical region...
, Province of Teruel - Puigmoreno (formerly Campillo de Franco), in Alcañiz, Province of Teruel
- Camporreal, in Sos del Rey Católico
- Castilla La Mancha
- Alberche del Caudillo, in Calera y ChozasCalera y ChozasCalera y Chozas is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census , the municipality has a population of 4157 inhabitants.-Villages:*Calera y Chozas...
, Province of Toledo - Talavera la Nueva, in Talavera de la Reina, Province of Toledo
- Llanos del CaudilloLlanos del CaudilloLlanos del Caudillo is a municipality in Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 692.- History :Llanos del Caudillo was founded by colonist families in the 1950s, subsidized by the Instituto Nacional de Colonización of the Spanish government...
, in the Province of Ciudad Real - Cinco Casas, in the Province of Ciudad Real
- ConsolaciónConsolaciónConsolación is a hamlet in the municipal term of Valdepeñas. It is located 11 km north of the town, at the intersection between Autovía A-4 and road CR-5214....
(formerly Villanueva de Franco), in ValdepeñasValdepeñasValdepeñas is a municipality in the province of Ciudad Real, in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It is also the seat of the judicial district that covers the localities of Moral de Calatrava, Santa Cruz de Mudela, Viso del Marqués, Torrenueva, Castellar de Santiago and...
, Province of Ciudad Real - Pueblo Nuevo del Bullaque, Province of Ciudad Real
- Santa Quiteria, Province of Ciudad Real
- Bazán, Province of Ciudad Real
- Los Mirones, in Valenzuela de CalatravaValenzuela de CalatravaValenzuela de Calatrava is a municipality in Ciudad Real Province, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 802.-Villages:*Valenzuela de Calatrava, Postal Code 13279...
, Province of Ciudad Real - Cañada de Agra, Province of Albacete
- Mingogil, Province of Albacete
- Nava de Campana, in HellínHellínHellín is a town and municipality located in the south of the province of Albacete, in Castile-La Mancha, Spain. , it has a population of 31,109....
, Province of Albacete - Aguas NuevasAguas NuevasAguas Nuevas is a village in Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain....
, Province of Albacete
- Alberche del Caudillo, in Calera y Chozas
- Castilla-León
- Águeda del Caudillo, in Ciudad RodrigoCiudad RodrigoCiudad Rodrigo is a small cathedral city in the province of Salamanca, in western Spain, with a population of about 14,000. It is the seat of a judicial district as well....
, Province of Salamanca - Cascón de la Nava, Province of Palencia
- Foncastín, in RuedaRueda, ValladolidRueda is a village and municipality in the province of Valladolid, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Spain. It is located 30 km southwest of the provincial capital, the city of Valladolid.The population is 1.614...
, Province of Valladolid - San Bernardo, Province of Valladolid
- Guma, Province of Burgos
- Águeda del Caudillo, in Ciudad Rodrigo
- CataloniaCataloniaCatalonia is an autonomous community in northeastern Spain, with the official status of a "nationality" of Spain. Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Its capital and largest city is Barcelona. Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² and has an...
- Poblenou del Delta (formerly Villafranco del Delta), in AmpostaAmpostaAmposta is the capital of the comarca of Montsià, in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.It is located at 8 metres above the sea, by the Ebre river, not far from its end. Population 18,841 ....
, Province of Tarragona - GimenellsGimenells i el Pla de la FontGimenells i el Pla de la Font is a municipality in Segrià, Catalonia, Spain. It is found at and 260 metres above mean sea level. It has an area of 55.8 square kilometres and in 2007 had a population of 1,143. The Mayor is Albert Aldavert Ferriz.-References:...
, now Gimenells i el Pla de la FontGimenells i el Pla de la FontGimenells i el Pla de la Font is a municipality in Segrià, Catalonia, Spain. It is found at and 260 metres above mean sea level. It has an area of 55.8 square kilometres and in 2007 had a population of 1,143. The Mayor is Albert Aldavert Ferriz.-References:...
, Province of Lleida - El Pla de la FontGimenells i el Pla de la FontGimenells i el Pla de la Font is a municipality in Segrià, Catalonia, Spain. It is found at and 260 metres above mean sea level. It has an area of 55.8 square kilometres and in 2007 had a population of 1,143. The Mayor is Albert Aldavert Ferriz.-References:...
, now Gimenells i el Pla de la FontGimenells i el Pla de la FontGimenells i el Pla de la Font is a municipality in Segrià, Catalonia, Spain. It is found at and 260 metres above mean sea level. It has an area of 55.8 square kilometres and in 2007 had a population of 1,143. The Mayor is Albert Aldavert Ferriz.-References:...
, Province of Lleida - SucsSucsSucs is a locality in the municipality of Lleida . Like the neighbouring Raimat, the official status of Sucs is that of a decentralised municipal entity, as some semi-urban wards attached to a larger municipality are known in Catalonia, and located 22 km from Lleida. In the 2008 census Sucs...
, Province of Lleida, was an abandoned town, renovated and repopulated under the Franco plan.
- Poblenou del Delta (formerly Villafranco del Delta), in Amposta
- ExtremaduraExtremaduraExtremadura is an autonomous community of western Spain whose capital city is Mérida. Its component provinces are Cáceres and Badajoz. It is bordered by Portugal to the west...
- Gévora (formerly Gévora del Caudillo), in the Province of Badajoz
- Guadiana del Caudillo in BadajozBadajozBadajoz is the capital of the Province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain, situated close to the Portuguese border, on the left bank of the river Guadiana, and the Madrid–Lisbon railway. The population in 2007 was 145,257....
, Province of Badajoz - Novelda del Guadiana, in Badajoz, Province of Badajoz
- Villafranco del Guadiana, in Badajoz, Province of Badajoz
- Alagón del Río (formerly Alagón del Caudillo), in GalisteoGalisteo, CáceresGalisteo is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2006 census , the municipality has a population of 2001 inhabitants....
, Province of Cáceres - El Batán, in the Province of Cáceres
- Puebla de Argeme, in the Province of Cáceres
- Rincón del Obispo, in the Province of Cáceres
- San Gil, in the Province of Cáceres
- Tiétar (formerly Tiétar del Caudillo), Province of Cáceres
- Vegaviana, in the Province of Cáceres
- Valencian CommunityValencian CommunityThe Valencian Community is an autonomous community of Spain located in central and south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Valencia...
- San Isidro
- Benaixeve
- San Antonio de BenagéberSan Antonio de BenagéberSan Antonio de Benagéber, , is a municipality in the comarca of Camp de Túria in the Valencian Community, Spain.- Geography:The municipality of San Antonio de Benagéber it is located at 14 km...
(Sant Antoni de Benaixeve) - Sant Isidre de Benaixeve
- TousTous, ValenciaTous is a municipality in the Valencian Community, in the province of Valencia. The town is rather well known because, in 1982, the river Jucar broke Tous's reservoir provoking a great flood with a flood of 16,000 m3/s and more than 30 casualties. The flood was called La Pantanada....
- Cortitxelles
- NavarreNavarreNavarre , officially the Chartered Community of Navarre is an autonomous community in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Country, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Aquitaine in France...
- FigarolFigarolFigarol is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.-Population:-References:*...
- Rada
- Gabarderal
- El Boyeral (abandoned)
- San Isidro del Pinar
- Figarol