ICRANet
Encyclopedia

ICRANet, the International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, is an international organization
International organization
An intergovernmental organization, sometimes rendered as an international governmental organization and both abbreviated as IGO, is an organization composed primarily of sovereign states , or of other intergovernmental organizations...

 promoting research activities with members in four countries at three Universities and Research Centres. The member are in the Republic of Armenia
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...

, the Federal Republic of Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

, the Republic of Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

, the Vatican State
Vatican City
Vatican City , or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano , which translates literally as State of the City of the Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of...

, the University of Tucson
University of Arizona
The University of Arizona is a land-grant and space-grant public institution of higher education and research located in Tucson, Arizona, United States. The University of Arizona was the first university in the state of Arizona, founded in 1885...

 (USA), the University of Stanford
Stanford University
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San...

 (USA) and ICRA. The coordinating Centre http://www.icranet.org is located in Pescara
Pescara
Pescara is the capital city of the Province of Pescara, in the Abruzzo region of Italy. As of January 1, 2007 it was the most populated city within Abruzzo at 123,059 residents, 400,000 with the surrounding metropolitan area...

, Italy.

The Establishment and the Statute were signed in 2003 and recognised in the same year by Armenia and the Vatican, in 2005 by Italy and in 2007 by Brazil.

Organization

The Organism consists of: the Director Remo Ruffini
Remo Ruffini
Remo Ruffini is Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Rome "Sapienza", since 1978...

, The Steering Committee http://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=687, The Scientific Committee http://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=18&Itemid=688. Their activities are supported by Administrative Staff and Secretariat personnel.

Mission and Activities

ICRANet aims are training/education and research in the field of Relativistic Astrophysics
Special relativity
Special relativity is the physical theory of measurement in an inertial frame of reference proposed in 1905 by Albert Einstein in the paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies".It generalizes Galileo's...

. ICRANet financing is based by Statute on the funds provided by the Governments and by voluntary contributions, donations.

The main activities of ICRANet are addressed to promote the international scientific co-operation; for this purpose many projects of scientific research
Scientific method
Scientific method refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of...

 in the domain of Cosmology
Cosmology
Cosmology is the discipline that deals with the nature of the Universe as a whole. Cosmologists seek to understand the origin, evolution, structure, and ultimate fate of the Universe at large, as well as the natural laws that keep it in order...

, Theoretical Physics
Theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics which employs mathematical models and abstractions of physics to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena...

 and Mathematical Physics
Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics refers to development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines this area as: "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and...

 have been planned. A series of seats for the activities are being developed in order to achieve these goals. The first one has been completed and it’s fully operative in Pescara. The second and the third ones are being established in Nice
Nice
Nice is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348,721 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of more than 955,000 on an area of...

 and Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...

. Projects for additional Centres in Stanford (USA), Yerevan
Yerevan
Yerevan is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's oldest continuously-inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country...

 (Armenia) and New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...

 are being considered.

Training international projects by ICRANet have been established, both at a doctoral and post-doc
Postdoctoral researcher
Postdoctoral research is scholarly research conducted by a person who has recently completed doctoral studies, normally within the previous five years. It is intended to further deepen expertise in a specialist subject, including acquiring novel skills and methods...

 level, for young researchers and teaching fellows. ICRANet also organizes seminars and international meetings, promotes exchange projects for teaching staff, students and associated training personnel coming from the major scientific institutes, research centers and universities worldwide. ICRANet, has signed several agreements of scientific co-operation with universities, national and international research institute
Research institute
A research institute is an establishment endowed for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research...

s, in order to fulfil the scientific goals mentioned in its Statute.

Particularly noteworthy is the International Doctorate Program, IRAP PhD http://www.icra.it/IRAPPhD/2008/Welcome.htm, promoted and sponsored by ICRANet. The following universities and institutes co-operate into this program: the Free University of Berlin
Free University of Berlin
Freie Universität Berlin is one of the leading and most prestigious research universities in Germany and continental Europe. It distinguishes itself through its modern and international character. It is the largest of the four universities in Berlin. Research at the university is focused on the...

 http://www.fu-berlin.de/, the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis
University of Nice Sophia Antipolis
The University of Nice Sophia Antipolis is a university located in Nice, France and neighboring areas. It was founded in 1965 and is organized in 8 faculties, 2 autonomous institutes and an engineering school....

 http://portail.unice.fr/jahia/jsp/index.jsp, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich
ETH Zurich
The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich or ETH Zürich is an engineering, science, technology, mathematics and management university in the City of Zurich, Switzerland....

 http://www.ethz.ch/index_EN, Sapienza University of Rome http://www.uniroma1.it/ and the University of Ferrara
University of Ferrara
The University of Ferrara is the main university of the city of Ferrara in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. In the years prior to the First World War the University of Ferrara, with more than 500 students, was the best attended of the free universities in Italy...

 http://www.unife.it/. The IRAP PhD is also sponsored by: ICRA http://www.icra.it, the Observatory of Côte d'Azur http://www.oca.eu/accueil/english/ and by the IHES
Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques
The Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques is a French institute supporting advanced research in mathematics and theoretical physics...

 of Paris http://www.ihes.fr/jsp/site/Portal.jsp.

Vast publications on scientific Journals
Scientific journal
In academic publishing, a scientific journal is a periodical publication intended to further the progress of science, usually by reporting new research. There are thousands of scientific journals in publication, and many more have been published at various points in the past...

, books both of advanced research and of teaching activities are pursued by ICRANet Members. The activities in the Pescara Centre are promoted by the ICRANet Faculty Staff http://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=332&Itemid=806, Adjunct Professors of the Faculty http://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=327&Itemid=785, Lecturers http://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=359&Itemid=790, Research Scientists http://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=339&Itemid=786, Short-Term Visiting Scientists http://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=338&Itemid=788, Long-Term Visiting Scientistshttp://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=337&Itemid=787, International Relativistic Astrophysics Ph. D. Studentsbhttp://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10&Itemid=724, Administrative Staff http://www.icranet.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=229&Itemid=690.
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