Hassan Ali Mansur
Encyclopedia
Hasan-ali Mansur was an Iran
ian liberal and politician who was Prime Minister
from 1963 to 1965. He served during the White Revolution
of Shah
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
and was assassinated by a member of the Fadayan-e Islam
.
in 1923 to Prime Minister Ali Mansour (Mansour-al-Molk) and daughter of Zahir-ol-Molk Raiss.
Attended school in Tehran and graduated from Firooz-Bahram High School.
During the World War II
era, he entered Law School in University of Tehran
and graduated with a degree in Political Science.
appointed him as Chairman of "Bimeh Iran" insurance company.
and Kashefian who were more interested in executive branch. Mansour then expanded his power base by forming a coalition and founded "IRAN NOVIN" party with a majority of 175 out of 230 deputies, and was elected the Majority Leader of Parliament.
Mansour passed the Geneva Convention American Force Protection Act, also known as the highly controversial Capitulation Law. This led to a fiery attack by Ayatollah Khomeini from Qom
, and resulted in his historical exile to Turkey
, and many subsequent riots. Mansour also raised the price of gasoline from 5 to 10 Rials to meet budget deficits, but later retreated after strikes by taxi drivers.
were later executed for the murder.
He was put back into the car and rushed to the hospital, where he remained in critical condition for 5 days before he finally died. During the crisis, Shah quickly appointed Mansour's friend, Amir-Abbas Hoveida as the acting prime minister, which he inherited for the next 13 years. Mansour's assassination occurred a few years after assassination of prime minister Ali Razmara.
Mansour was buried in "Shah-Abdol-Azim" near Reza Shah Mausoleum, and a Kennedy-like Black Granite Eternal Flame was constructed at his grave site. After the Islamic Revolution, the Mansour gravesite was destroyed by Ayatollah Khalkhali
, the Hanging Judge, and his remains were dug up and scattered. Islamic President Rafsanjani later bragged about ordering the assassination of Mansour and providing the pistol to the assassin, which he has kept as a personal memento.
Mansour was briefly engaged to Noushie Teymourtash, but subsequently married Farideh Emami and was survived by a son, the jazz guitarist Ahmad Mansour (1960-2011). Farideh's sister Leyla Emami, later married prime minister Amir Abbas Hoveyda. Javad Mansour, his brother, also served as a consultant to Prime Minister Hoveyda. His sister Touran was briefly engaged to Fereydoun Hoveyda
but subsequently married Manouchehr Teymourtash
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
ian liberal and politician who was Prime Minister
Prime Minister of Iran
Prime Minister of Iran was a political post in Iran that had existed during several different periods of time starting with the Qajar era until its most recent revival from 1979 to 1989 following the Iranian Revolution.-Prime Ministers of Qajar era:In the Qajar era, prime ministers were known by...
from 1963 to 1965. He served during the White Revolution
White Revolution
The White Revolution was a far-reaching series of reforms in Iran launched in 1963 by the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Mohammad Reza Shah’s reform program was built especially to strengthen those classes that supported the traditional system...
of Shah
Shah
Shāh is the title of the ruler of certain Southwest Asian and Central Asian countries, especially Persia , and derives from the Persian word shah, meaning "king".-History:...
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Mohammad Rezā Shāh Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, Shah of Persia , ruled Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979...
and was assassinated by a member of the Fadayan-e Islam
Fadayan-e Islam
Fadā'iyān-e Islam , was an Iranian Islamic fundamentalist secret society founded in 1946, by a 21 year-old theology student named Navvab Safavi. Safavi sought to purify Islam in Iran by ridding it of `corrupting individuals` by means of carefully planned assassinations of certain leading...
.
Education
Hassan Ali was born in TehranTehran
Tehran , sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, one of the largest cities in Western Asia, and is the world's 19th largest city.In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to...
in 1923 to Prime Minister Ali Mansour (Mansour-al-Molk) and daughter of Zahir-ol-Molk Raiss.
Attended school in Tehran and graduated from Firooz-Bahram High School.
During the World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
era, he entered Law School in University of Tehran
University of Tehran
The University of Tehran , also known as Tehran University and UT, is Iran's oldest university. Located in Tehran, the university is among the most prestigious in the country, and is consistently selected as the first choice of many applicants in the annual nationwide entrance exam for top Iranian...
and graduated with a degree in Political Science.
Early Public Career
In the post World War II era, young Mansour started his political career by entering the Foreign ministry and completed several internal and foreign assignments including tours of Germany and France. In the 1950s, this thirty year old was twice appointed as Chief of Prime Minister's Office, first for a brief period because of change in government, and second lasted for 2 years. In 1957, Prime Minister Manuchehr Eghbal appointed him as Chairman of the Economics Council and Vice Prime Minister. He also held positions as Minister of Labor, and Minister of Trade. Prime Minister Asadollah AlamAsadollah Alam
Amir Asadollah Alam was an Iranian politician who was Prime Minister from 1962 to 1964. He was also Minister of Royal Court, President of Pahlavi University and Governor of Sistan and Baluchestan Province.-Early life:...
appointed him as Chairman of "Bimeh Iran" insurance company.
Election to Majlis and Birth of IRAN-NOVIN Party
The Progressive Party or "Kanoon Motaraghion" was founded by Mansour to conduct economic policy research as well as the launching pad for his future prime ministership. In 1962 Mansour ran for the 21st Majlis and was elected as the second representative from Tehran, after Abdollah Riazi, Speaker of the Majlis. A few dozen of his party members were also elected to Majlis, with the exception of HoveydaAmir Abbas Hoveida
Amir-Abbas Hoveyda, was an Iranian economist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Iran from January 27, 1965 to August 7, 1977. He was prime minister for 13 years and is the longest serving prime minister in Iran's history. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance...
and Kashefian who were more interested in executive branch. Mansour then expanded his power base by forming a coalition and founded "IRAN NOVIN" party with a majority of 175 out of 230 deputies, and was elected the Majority Leader of Parliament.
Premiership during the White revolution
After Alam resigned his premiership in 1963, the forty-four-year-old Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi appointed forty-year-old Mansour prime minister. Like passing of the torch to a younger generation in America during the forty-year-old Kennedy, young Mansour introduced many young new faces, such as Amir Abbas Hoveyda, Jamshid Amuzegar, Ataollah Khosravani, Dr. Nahavandi, Alinaghi Alikhani, Manouchehr Rohani, and many other Iran Novin members. Since most of his cabinet were young and American/European educated, Mansour had pro-American tendencies in his politics and enjoyed the support of American government. Clearly the Shah now felt more comfortable working with people from his own generation than older generation who also served his father and called him "Shah Javan" or the "Young Shah". The torch was passed from the old war heroes to younger educated technocrats to carry out the "White Revolution" and an explosive decade of growth.Mansour passed the Geneva Convention American Force Protection Act, also known as the highly controversial Capitulation Law. This led to a fiery attack by Ayatollah Khomeini from Qom
Qom
Qom is a city in Iran. It lies by road southwest of Tehran and is the capital of Qom Province. At the 2006 census, its population was 957,496, in 241,827 families. It is situated on the banks of the Qom River....
, and resulted in his historical exile to Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
, and many subsequent riots. Mansour also raised the price of gasoline from 5 to 10 Rials to meet budget deficits, but later retreated after strikes by taxi drivers.
Assassination
At 10am Jan 22, 1965, a few days before the first anniversary of the White Revolution, Mansour was entering the gates of Majlis to present his first State-of-the-Union speech. After Mansour stepped out of his car in Baharestan Square, a bystander, Mohammad Bokharaii, approached him and fired three shots. Four members of the Fadayan-e IslamFadayan-e Islam
Fadā'iyān-e Islam , was an Iranian Islamic fundamentalist secret society founded in 1946, by a 21 year-old theology student named Navvab Safavi. Safavi sought to purify Islam in Iran by ridding it of `corrupting individuals` by means of carefully planned assassinations of certain leading...
were later executed for the murder.
He was put back into the car and rushed to the hospital, where he remained in critical condition for 5 days before he finally died. During the crisis, Shah quickly appointed Mansour's friend, Amir-Abbas Hoveida as the acting prime minister, which he inherited for the next 13 years. Mansour's assassination occurred a few years after assassination of prime minister Ali Razmara.
Mansour was buried in "Shah-Abdol-Azim" near Reza Shah Mausoleum, and a Kennedy-like Black Granite Eternal Flame was constructed at his grave site. After the Islamic Revolution, the Mansour gravesite was destroyed by Ayatollah Khalkhali
Ayatollah Sadegh Khalkhali
Hujjat al-Islam Sadeq Givi aka Sadegh Khalkhali was a hardline Twelver Shi'a cleric of the Islamic Republic of Iran who is said to have "brought to his job as Chief Justice of the revolutionary courts a relish for summary execution" that earned him a reputation as Iran's "hanging judge"...
, the Hanging Judge, and his remains were dug up and scattered. Islamic President Rafsanjani later bragged about ordering the assassination of Mansour and providing the pistol to the assassin, which he has kept as a personal memento.
Mansour was briefly engaged to Noushie Teymourtash, but subsequently married Farideh Emami and was survived by a son, the jazz guitarist Ahmad Mansour (1960-2011). Farideh's sister Leyla Emami, later married prime minister Amir Abbas Hoveyda. Javad Mansour, his brother, also served as a consultant to Prime Minister Hoveyda. His sister Touran was briefly engaged to Fereydoun Hoveyda
Fereydoun Hoveyda
Fereydoon Hoveyda was an influential Iranian diplomat, writer and thinker. He was the Iranian ambassador to the United Nations from 1971 until 1979...
but subsequently married Manouchehr Teymourtash
See also
- Pahlavi DynastyPahlavi dynastyThe Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi (reg. 1925–1941) and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty ...
- List of Prime Ministers of Iran
- Ali Mansour
- Amir Abbas Hoveyda
- Fereydoun HoveydaFereydoun HoveydaFereydoon Hoveyda was an influential Iranian diplomat, writer and thinker. He was the Iranian ambassador to the United Nations from 1971 until 1979...
- Abdolhossein Teymourtash