Hasan Izzet
Encyclopedia
Hasan Izzet Pasha was a general of the Ottoman Empire
.
.
He graduated from the Ottoman Military Academy (Mekteb-i Füsûn-u Harbiyye-i Şâhâne) in 1890 and the Staff College (Mekteb-i Erkân-ı Harbiye-i Şâhâne, present day: Harp Akademisi) on 23 March 1893 as a Staff Captain (Erkân-ı Harp Yüzbaşısı).
(Kolağası) and on 12 May 1895, he participated in the military staff excursion to Üsküp (present day: Skopje
). On 29 October 1896, he was assigned the War Academy.
will attack Elassona
area. During 1897 Greco-Turkish War, he was assigned the 2nd Neşet Bey Division (İkinci Neşet Bey Fırkası) and took part in the Battle of Domokos (Dömeke Muharebesi). On 17 July 1897 he was called bask to Istanbul and appointed in the commander of the Greek Border.
for the inspection and examination of the Damascus Military High School (Şam Askerî İdadisi). He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel
(Kaymakam) on 2 October 1900, to the rank of Colonel
(Miralay) on 23 April 1905. He was appointed to the fourth department of the General Staff on 26 March 1906.
He went to Romania to observe a military exercise and awarded with a 2nd class order by the Romanian government on 4 August 1907. On 25 June 1908, he was appointed to the member of the military tribunal
that was established because of some important affairs. Then he was appointed to the commander of the 17th Division stationed in Siroz (Serez, present day: Serres
).
, he was commissioned commander as the commander of the Provisional Division of the Action Army in 1909. On 2 July 1911, he was appointed to the commander of the 1st Division under the command of the I Corps
.
, he went to Babaeski
and was appointed the commander of the 9th Division by the order of the Eastern Army
(Şark Ordusu). He took part in battles at Petra (present day: Kayalı village in the central district of Kırklareli Province
) on 9–10 October 1912 and Taştabya, Vize
and Çatalca
. He was promoted to the rank of Mirliva
on 19 December 1912. On 21 January 1913, he was appointed the commander of the I Corps
(part of the left wing of the Çatalca Army) by proxy. And then he was appointed the commander of the 18th Division on 6 March 1913.
During the Second Balkan War
, he commanded the II Corps
under the Çatalca Army commanded directly by Ahmet Izzet Pasha and took part in the advance to Adrianople. After the armistice, on 24 December 1913, he was appointed to the commander of the III Corps
.
asked him to be the commander of the Third Army
. He was the commander during Bergmann Offensive
. He feared in the background of the ill and rapid changes in the Army leadership during the preparations for the Battle of Sarıkamış
. He also opposed Enver Pasha to attack prematurely during Battle of Sarıkamış. He gave his post as commander of the Third Army on 18 December 1914.
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
.
Early life
Hasan Izzet born in the 1871 to mother Süreyya Hanım and father Ali Muhsin Pasha in Aksaray neighborhood of IstanbulIstanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
.
He graduated from the Ottoman Military Academy (Mekteb-i Füsûn-u Harbiyye-i Şâhâne) in 1890 and the Staff College (Mekteb-i Erkân-ı Harbiye-i Şâhâne, present day: Harp Akademisi) on 23 March 1893 as a Staff Captain (Erkân-ı Harp Yüzbaşısı).
Military career
He was appointed to the fourth department of the General Staff by the order of Sultan Abdülhamid II on 14 April 1894. On 7 May 1895, he was promoted to the rank of Senior CaptainSenior Captain
Senior Captain is a rare military rank which is used in some countries armed forces.-Army:In some armies of the world, the senior captain is a rank between a regular Captain and a Major. The rank is often only found in armies and air forces...
(Kolağası) and on 12 May 1895, he participated in the military staff excursion to Üsküp (present day: Skopje
Skopje
Skopje is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre...
). On 29 October 1896, he was assigned the War Academy.
1897 Greco-Turkish War
On 21 April 1897, he was promoted to the rank of Major (Binbaşı) and assigned service in the Alasonya Army (Alasonya Ordusu), a field armyField army
A Field Army, or Area Army, usually referred to simply as an Army, is a term used by many national military forces for a military formation superior to a corps and beneath an army group....
will attack Elassona
Elassona
Elassona is a town and a municipality in the Larissa peripheral unit in Greece. During antiquity Elassona was called Oloosson - Ὀλοοσσών and was a town of the ancient "Perrhaebi", known today as Thessaly. It is situated at the foot of Mount Olympus...
area. During 1897 Greco-Turkish War, he was assigned the 2nd Neşet Bey Division (İkinci Neşet Bey Fırkası) and took part in the Battle of Domokos (Dömeke Muharebesi). On 17 July 1897 he was called bask to Istanbul and appointed in the commander of the Greek Border.
Interwar period
And then he was appointed to the inspector of examination of Edirne Military High School (Edirne Askerî İdadisi) on 30 November 1897 and appointed to the teacher of tactics (Artillery, Cavalry, Infantry) of the War Academy on 21 March 1898. He had been in DamascusDamascus
Damascus , commonly known in Syria as Al Sham , and as the City of Jasmine , is the capital and the second largest city of Syria after Aleppo, both are part of the country's 14 governorates. In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major...
for the inspection and examination of the Damascus Military High School (Şam Askerî İdadisi). He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel
Lieutenant colonel
Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence...
(Kaymakam) on 2 October 1900, to the rank of Colonel
Colonel
Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
(Miralay) on 23 April 1905. He was appointed to the fourth department of the General Staff on 26 March 1906.
He went to Romania to observe a military exercise and awarded with a 2nd class order by the Romanian government on 4 August 1907. On 25 June 1908, he was appointed to the member of the military tribunal
Military tribunal
A military tribunal is a kind of military court designed to try members of enemy forces during wartime, operating outside the scope of conventional criminal and civil proceedings. The judges are military officers and fulfill the role of jurors...
that was established because of some important affairs. Then he was appointed to the commander of the 17th Division stationed in Siroz (Serez, present day: Serres
Serres
Serres is a city in Greece, seat of the Serres prefecture.Serres may also refer to:Places:* Serres, Germany, a part of Wiernsheim in Baden-WürttembergIn France:* Serres, Aude in the Aude département...
).
31 March Incident
After the 31 March Incident31 March Incident
The 31 March Incident was a 1909 rebellion of reactionaries in İstanbul against the restoration of constitutional monarchy that had taken place in 1908. It took place on 13 April 1909...
, he was commissioned commander as the commander of the Provisional Division of the Action Army in 1909. On 2 July 1911, he was appointed to the commander of the 1st Division under the command of the I Corps
I Corps (Ottoman Empire)
The I Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
.
Balkan Wars
During the First Balkan WarFirst Balkan War
The First Balkan War, which lasted from October 1912 to May 1913, pitted the Balkan League against the Ottoman Empire. The combined armies of the Balkan states overcame the numerically inferior and strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies and achieved rapid success...
, he went to Babaeski
Babaeski
Babaeski is a town and district of Kırklareli Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. The countyship has a population of 27,712 and the total area of the district is 652 km².-Name:...
and was appointed the commander of the 9th Division by the order of the Eastern Army
Eastern Army (Ottoman Empire)
The Eastern Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the mobilization phase of the First Balkan War. It confronted Bulgarian forces...
(Şark Ordusu). He took part in battles at Petra (present day: Kayalı village in the central district of Kırklareli Province
Kirklareli Province
Kırklareli Province is a province in northwestern Turkey on the west coast of the Black Sea. The province neighbours Bulgaria to the north along a 180 kilometers long border. It borders the province of Edirne to the west and the province of Tekirdağ to the south and province of Istanbul to the...
) on 9–10 October 1912 and Taştabya, Vize
Vize
Vize is a town and district of Kırklareli Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. The mayor is Selçuk Yılmaz . The population is 12,196 as of 2010.- History :...
and Çatalca
Çatalca
Çatalca is a city and a rural district in Istanbul, Turkey. It is in Thrace, on the ridge between the Marmara and the Black Sea. Most people living in Çatalca are either farmers or those visiting vacation homes. Many families from Istanbul come to Çatalca during weekends to hike in the forests or...
. He was promoted to the rank of Mirliva
Mirliva
Mirliva or Mîr-i livâ was a military rank of the Ottoman Army. It corresponds to a Brigadier General or Major General . Mirliva is a compound word composed of Mir and Liva...
on 19 December 1912. On 21 January 1913, he was appointed the commander of the I Corps
I Corps (Ottoman Empire)
The I Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
(part of the left wing of the Çatalca Army) by proxy. And then he was appointed the commander of the 18th Division on 6 March 1913.
During the Second Balkan War
Second Balkan War
The Second Balkan War was a conflict which broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, on 29 June 1913. Bulgaria had a prewar agreement about the division of region of Macedonia...
, he commanded the II Corps
II Corps (Ottoman Empire)
The II Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
under the Çatalca Army commanded directly by Ahmet Izzet Pasha and took part in the advance to Adrianople. After the armistice, on 24 December 1913, he was appointed to the commander of the III Corps
III Corps (Ottoman Empire)
The III Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
.
World War
After the 1914 mobilization of World War I, Sultan Mehmed VMehmed V
Mehmed V Reshad was the 35th Ottoman Sultan. He was the son of Sultan Abdülmecid I. He was succeeded by his half-brother Mehmed VI.-Birth:...
asked him to be the commander of the Third Army
Third Army (Ottoman Empire)
The Ottoman Third Army was originally established in the Balkans and later defended the northern and eastern parts of the Ottoman Empire. Its initial headquarters was at Salonica. With the onset of World War I, it moved to Erzurum Fortress. The headquarters was moved to Susehir after the Battle...
. He was the commander during Bergmann Offensive
Bergmann Offensive
The Bergmann Offensive was the first engagement of the Caucasus Campaign. General Georgy Berhmann, who was the commander of the I Caucasian Army Corps took the initiative against the Ottoman Empire....
. He feared in the background of the ill and rapid changes in the Army leadership during the preparations for the Battle of Sarıkamış
Battle of Sarikamis
The Battle of Sarikamish was an engagement between the Russian and Ottoman empires during World War I. It took place from December 22, 1914 to January 17, 1915 as part of the Caucasus Campaign. The outcome was a Russian victory. The Ottomans employed a strategy which demanded that their troops be...
. He also opposed Enver Pasha to attack prematurely during Battle of Sarıkamış. He gave his post as commander of the Third Army on 18 December 1914.
Medals and Decorations
- Order of the Medjidie 5th classe (8 September 1894)
- Order of the OsmanîOsminieh OrderThe Order of Osmanieh, Order of Osmanie, Order of Osmania was a military decoration of the Ottoman Empire, created in January 1862 by Sultan Abdulaziz. With the obsolescence of the Nichan Iftikhar , this became the second highest order in the Empire, ranking below the High Order of Honour...
4th classe (18 September 1899) - Golden Medal of Liakat (1900)
- Rumanian Order 2nd class (4 August 1907)
- Order of the Medjidie 4th class (21 December 1909)
- Bulgarian Order (1910) (verliehen von Ferdinand I. während seines Istanbul Besuches)
Military ranks
- Captain (Yüzbaşı), 24 March 1893
- Senior CaptainSenior CaptainSenior Captain is a rare military rank which is used in some countries armed forces.-Army:In some armies of the world, the senior captain is a rank between a regular Captain and a Major. The rank is often only found in armies and air forces...
(Kolağası), 7 May 1895 - Major (Binbaşı), 21 April 1897
- Lieutenant ColonelLieutenant colonelLieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence...
(Kaymakam), 2 October 1900 - ColonelColonelColonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
(Miralay), 23 April 1905 - MirlivaMirlivaMirliva or Mîr-i livâ was a military rank of the Ottoman Army. It corresponds to a Brigadier General or Major General . Mirliva is a compound word composed of Mir and Liva...
, 19 December 1912 - FerikFerik (rank)Ferik was a military rank of the Ottoman Army. It is translated as Major General or Lieutenant General . It was superior to a Mirliva and junior to a Birinci Ferik .The title of Ferik was abolished with Act No...
, 1 October 1915
External links
- Hasan İzzet Paşa (Arolat), Turkey in the First World War.