Bergmann Offensive
Encyclopedia
The Bergmann Offensive was the first engagement of the Caucasus Campaign
. General Georgy Berhmann, who was the commander of the I Caucasian Army Corps took the initiative against the Ottoman Empire.
On 15 November, he crossed border into enemy territory into the general direction of Koprukoy
. On his right flank was a brigade
under General Istomin that moved from Oltu
in the direction of İd
. On his left flank a Cossack
division under Baratov moved into the Alashkert
valley towards Yuzveran, after it crossed the Arax river.
In response the Ottoman 3rd Army went on a general counter-offensive. Contact was established on the 6th. As a result Russian forces found themselves being threatened by an enveloping movement on both sides. Only quick arrival of Russian reinforcements saved the situation. The fighting finally died away on the 29th of November.
Russian losses were up to 40% and their morale was shaken. Meanwhile, Turkish morale was high. The success during this first engagement encouraged the Enver to his plan at Sarikamish
.
Caucasus Campaign
The Caucasus Campaign comprised armed conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, later including Azerbaijan, Armenia, Central Caspian Dictatorship and the UK as part of the Middle Eastern theatre or alternatively named as part of the Caucasus Campaign during World War I...
. General Georgy Berhmann, who was the commander of the I Caucasian Army Corps took the initiative against the Ottoman Empire.
On 15 November, he crossed border into enemy territory into the general direction of Koprukoy
Köprüköy
Köprüköy is a town and district of Erzurum Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The mayor is Osman Belli . The population is 1,629 ....
. On his right flank was a brigade
Brigade
A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of two to five battalions, plus supporting elements depending on the era and nationality of a given army and could be perceived as an enlarged/reinforced regiment...
under General Istomin that moved from Oltu
Oltu
Oltu is a town and district of Erzurum Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The mayor is İbrahim Ziyrek . The population is 19,969 .-History:...
in the direction of İd
ID
ID, I.D. or id may refer to:* The id, ego, and super-ego comprise the psychic apparatus defined in Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche- Abbreviations :...
. On his left flank a Cossack
Cossack
Cossacks are a group of predominantly East Slavic people who originally were members of democratic, semi-military communities in what is today Ukraine and Southern Russia inhabiting sparsely populated areas and islands in the lower Dnieper and Don basins and who played an important role in the...
division under Baratov moved into the Alashkert
Eleskirt
Eleşkirt, formerly Alashkert or Kurdish Zêdikan , is a town and district of Ağrı Province in Turkey.The mayor is Mehmet Nuri Çelik .-Places to see:...
valley towards Yuzveran, after it crossed the Arax river.
In response the Ottoman 3rd Army went on a general counter-offensive. Contact was established on the 6th. As a result Russian forces found themselves being threatened by an enveloping movement on both sides. Only quick arrival of Russian reinforcements saved the situation. The fighting finally died away on the 29th of November.
Russian losses were up to 40% and their morale was shaken. Meanwhile, Turkish morale was high. The success during this first engagement encouraged the Enver to his plan at Sarikamish
Battle of Sarikamis
The Battle of Sarikamish was an engagement between the Russian and Ottoman empires during World War I. It took place from December 22, 1914 to January 17, 1915 as part of the Caucasus Campaign. The outcome was a Russian victory. The Ottomans employed a strategy which demanded that their troops be...
.