German settlement in Argentina
Encyclopedia
German Argentines are Argentines of German descent. The term "German" usually refers to Ethnic Germans who immigrated to Argentina from Germany
, Austria
, France
, Hungary
, Poland
, Romania
, Russia
, Switzerland
, former Yugoslavia
and elsewhere in Europe. Some German-Argentines, or their ancestors, have originally settled in Brazil
, and then later on immigrated to Argentina. Germany as a political entity was founded only in 1871, but German language and culture have traditionally been more important than the country of origin as a basis for ethnic consciousness and nationalism. Beside that, "Germans" speak in many dialects named after specific regions like Frisian, Pomeranian, Prussia
n, Swabian
, Plautdietsch
, Hunsrückisch
, Volga German
s and others. Germans today make up the third largest group in Argentina with well over two million Volga Germans alone. Thousands of German-Argentines have become professionals and technicians like doctors, bureaucrats, teachers and soldiers. They influenced the Argentine education system and many German schools emerged. Many German businessmen and professionals believed that Argentina was industrializing and would become more dependent from German advanced technology. Indeed the Argentine military planned on recruiting large numbers of German scientists and technologists for new steel and other industries. German-language newspapers, including the Argentinisches Tageblatt
(Argentine Daily) were created.
The 5 most populous provinces of descendants of Germans, are in order: Córdoba, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Misiones and La Pampa.
Between 1885 and the First World War the population of Argentina doubled with the influx of three million of European immigrants, 100,000 of whom spoke German. Many surnames of Germanic immigrants of 20th century continue resounding up to date like Altgelt, Born, Braun, Bracht, Bunge, Bullrich, Frers, Holmberg, Klappenbach, Mallmann, Meyer, Seeber, Stegmann, Tornquist, Zimmermann, Zuberbühler and others that composed traditional families of the country. Strong German communities developed in Argentina, and especially in Buenos Aires they did it with their own schools, hospitals, shops, theaters, sport clubs and banks. Many of those Germans who inmigrated directly from Germany were assimilated with the upper middle class of Buenos Aires, but maintained strong ties to German culture, providing high-quality German instruction so that their children would not be at a disadvantage when they returned to Germany.
German immigration to Argentina occurred during 5 main time periods: pre–1870, 1870–1914, 1918–1933, 1933–1940 and post–1945. During the first period till 1870, immigration to Argentina was in general low. Of note are the colonias alemanas, the first one founded in the province of Buenos Aires in 1827. The colonias are a unique and notable phenomenon in Argentina’s immigration history but were also far from an exclusively German practice.
During the second period, from 1870 until 1914, Argentina experienced a massive boom in immigration due to or causing massive economic expansion in the port of Buenos Aires and in the wheat and beef producing pampas. In this time frame, the German speakers of Argentina established themselves and developed several institutions, which are often examined in academic studies, such as newspapers, schools and social clubs. Despite originating from all over German speaking Europe, once in Argentina, a new, Germanic Argentine identity developed. One example of this can be found in the studies of Argentinische Tageblatt (newspaper); it was founded by Swiss immigrants but, by the 1930s, became the primary forum for exiles from Nazi Germany
. In this period of time Volga German immigrants also arrived to the country, and settle in different provinces.
During the third period, after a pause during World War I, immigration to Argentina again resumed and German speakers came in their largest numbers. This can be attributed to increased immigration restrictions in the United States
and Brazil
as well as the deteriorating conditions in post-World War I Europe. The two largest years of German immigration to Argentina were 1923 and 1924, approximately 10,000 in each year. This period is of particular interest because while the older groups of German speakers began to feel a sense of cultural crisis due to the assimilation policies of the Argentine state, the new arrivals gave new life to German cultural institutions, such as the aforementioned newspaper, and created new ones. Between 1905 and 1933, the number of German schools rose from 59 to 176. Though found throughout Argentina, over 80% were located in Buenos Aires, Misiones, or Entre Ríos
in 1933. Further, attendance at German schools rose from 3,300 in 1905 to 12,900 in 1933. The studies inherently favour Buenos Aires, where half of all Germans lived, over the colonias because fewer institutions, particularly newspapers, developed.
During the fourth period, from 1933 to 1940, Argentina experienced another surge in Germanophone immigration. The majority were German Jews although other German opponents to Nazism also came. In total, 45,000 German speakers came at this time and half settled in Buenos Aires. From 1933 to 1945, they comprised 28% of total immigration to Argentina, as mass migration to Argentina was slowing. Two recent German studies have been written on these arrivals’ impact on Das Argentinische Tageblatt and how the newspaper was used by anti-Nazi immigrants within the Argentine German-speaking community’s debate about fascism.
The fifth and final category of German immigration to Argentina involves the period following World War II. The numbers were not as large as in the past and the concepts of acculturation and linguistic and cultural persistence are not dealt with in the same way. The group did not congregate as tightly and participated more in mass culture. Further, because of an era of national identities and the post-World War II problems of promoting German identity, the pre-existing process of assimilation was not met with resistance by the new arrivals. The country received 12,000 immigrants from Germany between 1946 and 1952.
Just when Russia was abridging the privileges granted to the Germans in an earlier era, several nations in the Americas were attempting to attract settlers by offering inducements reminiscent of those of Catherine the Great. Soon after the military service bill became law, both Protestant and Catholic Volga Germans gathered and choose delegations to journey across the Atlantic to examine settlement conditions in countries like th United States, Argentina, Brazil, and Canada.
Many Catholic Volga Germans chose South America as their new homeland because the official religion in Brazil and Argentina was Catholic. The ratio of Catholics to Protestant Volga Germans in South America was 7 to 1. The opposite was true in the Volga, Protestant Volga Germans outnumbered Catholics by about 2 to 1. So in spite of the numerous stories told of Volga German immigrants being diverted to South America against their will or being sent there because they were denied entry to the US due to health reasons, Brazil and Argentina were the planned destination of many Catholic Volga German immigrants.
Under the guidance of Andreas Basgall, Volga Germans started to relocate to Argentina from Brazil in December 1877 and in January 1878 they founded the first Volga German colony of Hinojo, in the province of Buenos Aries in Argentina. Some large groups of Volga Germans on ships destined for Brazil were diverted to Argentina. These people settled in Colonia General Alvear in the province of Entre Ríos. Additional Volga Germans, some from Brazil and others directly from Russia, arrived in Argentina over the next few years. Colonia General Alvear was for many years the main settlement of Volga Germans in Argentina. Nearly 90% of the first Volga Germans that arrived in Argentina settled there.
The first census of the Volga Germans in Argentina was performed on March 31, 1881 in "Colonia General Alvear", Entre Rios Province, Argentina. A complete census index of all the villages within the colony villages can be found here http://www.webbitt.com/volga/col_gen_alvear.txt. This colony was composed of 6 villages: Asunción (Spatzenkutter), Concepción (Valle María), San José (Brasilera), Agricultores (Protestante), San Francisco (Pfeiffer) and Salto (Koeller). This census provides: Date of arrival in the Colony (24 groups between 22-01-1878 and 24-04-1880), Name, Nationality, Marital status, age and literacy. Five of six villages were Catholic. The single Protestant or Lutheran village was Agricultores (Protestante or Protestantendorf).
From both starting points of Colonia General Alvear and of Colonia Hinojo they spread in all directions. There are still fifteen villages in Entre Ríos populated by descendants of the original settlers, twelve of them are of Catholic origin and the remaining three, Protestant. However, most Volga Germans live in small cities like Ramírez, Crespo, Urdinarrain, Galarza and Maciá where they usually are majority. Expansion from Colonia Hinojo went westwards comprising south of Buenos Aires and the province of La Pampa; from there they reached Córdoba and Chaco. Catholic settlers in La Pampa came from south of Buenos Aires and Protestants from Entre Ríos. The former founded Santa María and Santa Teresa, the latter Guatraché, San Martín and Alpachiri. Source: "Los Alemanes del Volga" 1977 Victor Popp - Nicolás Dening.
Upon arriving in Argentina, the Volga German families were very happy even though they had to begin from scratch, because they were finally living in freedom. In contrast to their Volga German countrymen in Russia, they would never be exiled, they did not experience famines like those of 1921 and 1933 in the Volga region nor any mass shootings and deportation as under Stalin's regime. Finally, they were never dispossessed, they kept their land and their animals something they remain proud of to this day. The immigration of Germans from Russia to Argentina kept a steady pace until the beginning of World War I. Crespo
in Entre Ríos Province and Coronel Suárez
in Buenos Aires Province became the most outstanding centers of colonization, as in both cities people of Volga German descent make up the majority of the population. At the present time, the descendants of these people live disseminated all over Argentina. The numerous progeny of the original founders and the division and distribution of their properties into smaller lots forced many of them to abandon the original colonization sites and find new occupations.
The fact that Argentina appears among the most important grain producers of the world is, in part, responsibility of its citizens of Volga German origin.
Today the Volga-German population alone in Argentina is well over 2 million.
The military connection between Argentina
and Prussia
has often been emphasized, and there can be no doubt that sympathy for Germany among the general staff in Buenos Aires contributed to establishing Argentina's policy of neutrality during the two world wars. From the point of view of Argentine strategists at the end of the nineteenth century, it was a clever move to fall in line with the strongest European war machine. Great Britain and North America became aware of the threat that Argentina's German-speakers, which were a quarter million strong, acted as the Reich's agent. There was indeed widespread support for Nazi Germany among the Argentines, not least under the aspect of counterbalancing Anglo-US influence in the region.
After World War II, under Juan Perón
's government, Argentina participated in establishing and facilitating secret escape routes out of Germany
to South America to SS Officials (referred as ODESSA
network ). Former Nazi officials emigrated to Argentina
in order to prevent prosecution, some of them lived in Argentina
under their real names while others clandestinely obtained new identities. Some of the most known Nazis that emigrated to Argentina
are: Adolf Eichmann
, Josef Mengele
, Aribert Heim
, Erich Priebke
, Eduard Roschmann and "Bubi" Ludolf von Alvensleben
.
s, known as medialunas ("half-moons", from German "Halbmond"), are the most popular of these, and can be found in two varieties: butter- and lard-based. Also German in origin are the "Berliner" known as bolas de Fraile ("friar's balls"), and the rolls called piononos. The facturas were re-christened with local names given the difficult phonology of German, and usually Argentinized by the addition of a dulce de leche
filling. That was also the case of the "Kreppel", which are called torta fritas in Argentina, and were introduced by German immigrants, and similar case with the "Achtzig Schlag" cake, which was translated as Torta Ochenta Golpes in the country. In addition, dishes like chucrut (sauerkraut
) and many different kinds of sausage like bratwurst
and others have also made it into mainstream Argentinian cuisine.
is an Argentine Brewery founded in 1888 in Quilmes, Buenos Aires Province, by Otto Bemberg
, a German immigrant. His great-granddaughter María Luisa Bemberg took over the company until she died in 1995 and her son, Carlos Miguens Bemberg
was the director from 1989 until his resignation on May 17, 2006.
Like many cities settled by Germans, its development was greatly influenced by them and today the city has many examples of Chalet
-style architecture brought by German, Swiss and Austrian immigrants. It was named after Carlos Wiederhold, a pioneer who settled the region, and the city has become one of Argentina's top tourist destinations.
500.000
2 - Buenos Aires Province
425.000
3 - Entre Rios
350.000
4 - Misiones
325.000
5 - Buenos Aires
300.000
Other provinces: 1,100,000
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
, former Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
and elsewhere in Europe. Some German-Argentines, or their ancestors, have originally settled in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
, and then later on immigrated to Argentina. Germany as a political entity was founded only in 1871, but German language and culture have traditionally been more important than the country of origin as a basis for ethnic consciousness and nationalism. Beside that, "Germans" speak in many dialects named after specific regions like Frisian, Pomeranian, Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
n, Swabian
Swabian German
Swabian is one of the Alemannic dialects of High German. It is spoken in Swabia, a region which covers much of Germany's southwestern state Baden-Württemberg, including its capital Stuttgart, the rural area known as the Swabian Alb, and Bavaria...
, Plautdietsch
Plautdietsch
Plautdietsch, or Mennonite Low German, was originally a Low Prussian variety of East Low German, with Dutch influence, that developed in the 16th and 17th centuries in the Vistula delta area of Royal Prussia, today Polish territory. The word is another pronunciation of Plattdeutsch, or Low German...
, Hunsrückisch
Hunsrückisch
Hunsrückisch is a German dialect spoken in the Hunsrück region of Germany . This mountainous region of Germany has long been an exporter of immigrants to the United States, Canada, Brazil, Australia and other parts of the world....
, Volga German
Volga German
The Volga Germans were ethnic Germans living along the River Volga in the region of southern European Russia around Saratov and to the south. Recruited as immigrants to Russia in the 18th century, they were allowed to maintain German culture, language, traditions and churches: Lutherans, Reformed,...
s and others. Germans today make up the third largest group in Argentina with well over two million Volga Germans alone. Thousands of German-Argentines have become professionals and technicians like doctors, bureaucrats, teachers and soldiers. They influenced the Argentine education system and many German schools emerged. Many German businessmen and professionals believed that Argentina was industrializing and would become more dependent from German advanced technology. Indeed the Argentine military planned on recruiting large numbers of German scientists and technologists for new steel and other industries. German-language newspapers, including the Argentinisches Tageblatt
Argentinisches Tageblatt
Argentinisches Tageblatt is a German-language weekly newspaper published every Saturday in Buenos Aires, Argentina....
(Argentine Daily) were created.
The 5 most populous provinces of descendants of Germans, are in order: Córdoba, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Misiones and La Pampa.
German immigration to Argentina
German immigration to Argentina occurred during 5 main time periods: pre–1870, 1870–1914, 1918–1933, 1933–1940 and post–1945. During the first period till 1870, immigration to Argentina was in general low. Of note are the colonias alemanas, the first one founded in the province of Buenos Aires in 1827. The colonias are a unique and notable phenomenon in Argentina’s immigration history but were also far from an exclusively German practice.
During the second period, from 1870 until 1914, Argentina experienced a massive boom in immigration due to or causing massive economic expansion in the port of Buenos Aires and in the wheat and beef producing pampas. In this time frame, the German speakers of Argentina established themselves and developed several institutions, which are often examined in academic studies, such as newspapers, schools and social clubs. Despite originating from all over German speaking Europe, once in Argentina, a new, Germanic Argentine identity developed. One example of this can be found in the studies of Argentinische Tageblatt (newspaper); it was founded by Swiss immigrants but, by the 1930s, became the primary forum for exiles from Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
. In this period of time Volga German immigrants also arrived to the country, and settle in different provinces.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
as well as the deteriorating conditions in post-World War I Europe. The two largest years of German immigration to Argentina were 1923 and 1924, approximately 10,000 in each year. This period is of particular interest because while the older groups of German speakers began to feel a sense of cultural crisis due to the assimilation policies of the Argentine state, the new arrivals gave new life to German cultural institutions, such as the aforementioned newspaper, and created new ones. Between 1905 and 1933, the number of German schools rose from 59 to 176. Though found throughout Argentina, over 80% were located in Buenos Aires, Misiones, or Entre Ríos
Entre Ríos Province
Entre Ríos is a northeastern province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region. It borders the provinces of Buenos Aires , Corrientes and Santa Fe , and Uruguay in the east....
in 1933. Further, attendance at German schools rose from 3,300 in 1905 to 12,900 in 1933. The studies inherently favour Buenos Aires, where half of all Germans lived, over the colonias because fewer institutions, particularly newspapers, developed.
During the fourth period, from 1933 to 1940, Argentina experienced another surge in Germanophone immigration. The majority were German Jews although other German opponents to Nazism also came. In total, 45,000 German speakers came at this time and half settled in Buenos Aires. From 1933 to 1945, they comprised 28% of total immigration to Argentina, as mass migration to Argentina was slowing. Two recent German studies have been written on these arrivals’ impact on Das Argentinische Tageblatt and how the newspaper was used by anti-Nazi immigrants within the Argentine German-speaking community’s debate about fascism.
The fifth and final category of German immigration to Argentina involves the period following World War II. The numbers were not as large as in the past and the concepts of acculturation and linguistic and cultural persistence are not dealt with in the same way. The group did not congregate as tightly and participated more in mass culture. Further, because of an era of national identities and the post-World War II problems of promoting German identity, the pre-existing process of assimilation was not met with resistance by the new arrivals. The country received 12,000 immigrants from Germany between 1946 and 1952.
Volga German immigration to Argentina
Upon the invitation of Catherine the Great, 25,000 Germans immigrated to the Volga valley of Russia to establish 104 German Villages from 1764 to 1767. A century after the first Germans had settled in the Volga region, Russia passed legislation that revoked many of the privileges promised to them by Catherine the Great. The sentiment in Russia became decidedly anti-German. Russia first made changes to the German local government. In 1874, a new military law decreed that all male Russian subjects, when they reached the age of 20, were eligible to serve in the military for 6 years. For the German colonists, this law represented a breach of faith. In the 1880s the Russia began a subtle attack on the German schools.Just when Russia was abridging the privileges granted to the Germans in an earlier era, several nations in the Americas were attempting to attract settlers by offering inducements reminiscent of those of Catherine the Great. Soon after the military service bill became law, both Protestant and Catholic Volga Germans gathered and choose delegations to journey across the Atlantic to examine settlement conditions in countries like th United States, Argentina, Brazil, and Canada.
Many Catholic Volga Germans chose South America as their new homeland because the official religion in Brazil and Argentina was Catholic. The ratio of Catholics to Protestant Volga Germans in South America was 7 to 1. The opposite was true in the Volga, Protestant Volga Germans outnumbered Catholics by about 2 to 1. So in spite of the numerous stories told of Volga German immigrants being diverted to South America against their will or being sent there because they were denied entry to the US due to health reasons, Brazil and Argentina were the planned destination of many Catholic Volga German immigrants.
Under the guidance of Andreas Basgall, Volga Germans started to relocate to Argentina from Brazil in December 1877 and in January 1878 they founded the first Volga German colony of Hinojo, in the province of Buenos Aries in Argentina. Some large groups of Volga Germans on ships destined for Brazil were diverted to Argentina. These people settled in Colonia General Alvear in the province of Entre Ríos. Additional Volga Germans, some from Brazil and others directly from Russia, arrived in Argentina over the next few years. Colonia General Alvear was for many years the main settlement of Volga Germans in Argentina. Nearly 90% of the first Volga Germans that arrived in Argentina settled there.
The first census of the Volga Germans in Argentina was performed on March 31, 1881 in "Colonia General Alvear", Entre Rios Province, Argentina. A complete census index of all the villages within the colony villages can be found here http://www.webbitt.com/volga/col_gen_alvear.txt. This colony was composed of 6 villages: Asunción (Spatzenkutter), Concepción (Valle María), San José (Brasilera), Agricultores (Protestante), San Francisco (Pfeiffer) and Salto (Koeller). This census provides: Date of arrival in the Colony (24 groups between 22-01-1878 and 24-04-1880), Name, Nationality, Marital status, age and literacy. Five of six villages were Catholic. The single Protestant or Lutheran village was Agricultores (Protestante or Protestantendorf).
From both starting points of Colonia General Alvear and of Colonia Hinojo they spread in all directions. There are still fifteen villages in Entre Ríos populated by descendants of the original settlers, twelve of them are of Catholic origin and the remaining three, Protestant. However, most Volga Germans live in small cities like Ramírez, Crespo, Urdinarrain, Galarza and Maciá where they usually are majority. Expansion from Colonia Hinojo went westwards comprising south of Buenos Aires and the province of La Pampa; from there they reached Córdoba and Chaco. Catholic settlers in La Pampa came from south of Buenos Aires and Protestants from Entre Ríos. The former founded Santa María and Santa Teresa, the latter Guatraché, San Martín and Alpachiri. Source: "Los Alemanes del Volga" 1977 Victor Popp - Nicolás Dening.
Upon arriving in Argentina, the Volga German families were very happy even though they had to begin from scratch, because they were finally living in freedom. In contrast to their Volga German countrymen in Russia, they would never be exiled, they did not experience famines like those of 1921 and 1933 in the Volga region nor any mass shootings and deportation as under Stalin's regime. Finally, they were never dispossessed, they kept their land and their animals something they remain proud of to this day. The immigration of Germans from Russia to Argentina kept a steady pace until the beginning of World War I. Crespo
Crespo, Entre Ríos
Crespo is a city in the Argentine province of Entre Ríos, some 40 km from the provincial capital Paraná. It has around 18,000 inhabitants , most of whom are descendants of Volga Germans who migrated from Russia to Argentina from 1875 onwards. The town's German heritage is reflected in the annual...
in Entre Ríos Province and Coronel Suárez
Coronel Suárez
Coronel Suárez is a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is also the capital of Coronel Suárez Partido.The partido was created in 1882 by the government of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina who divided the territory of Tres Arroyos into the partidos of Tres Arroyos, Coronel Pringles and...
in Buenos Aires Province became the most outstanding centers of colonization, as in both cities people of Volga German descent make up the majority of the population. At the present time, the descendants of these people live disseminated all over Argentina. The numerous progeny of the original founders and the division and distribution of their properties into smaller lots forced many of them to abandon the original colonization sites and find new occupations.
The fact that Argentina appears among the most important grain producers of the world is, in part, responsibility of its citizens of Volga German origin.
Today the Volga-German population alone in Argentina is well over 2 million.
Historical ties with Argentina and Germany
Argentina and Germany had close ties to each other since the immigration of Germans to Argentina. A flourishing trade developed between Germany and Argentina as early as the German Unification, Germany had a privileged position in the Argentine economy. Later on, Argentina maintained a strong economic relationship with both Germany and Great Britain and supported them with supplies during World War I.The military connection between Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
and Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
has often been emphasized, and there can be no doubt that sympathy for Germany among the general staff in Buenos Aires contributed to establishing Argentina's policy of neutrality during the two world wars. From the point of view of Argentine strategists at the end of the nineteenth century, it was a clever move to fall in line with the strongest European war machine. Great Britain and North America became aware of the threat that Argentina's German-speakers, which were a quarter million strong, acted as the Reich's agent. There was indeed widespread support for Nazi Germany among the Argentines, not least under the aspect of counterbalancing Anglo-US influence in the region.
After World War II, under Juan Perón
Juan Perón
Juan Domingo Perón was an Argentine military officer, and politician. Perón was three times elected as President of Argentina though he only managed to serve one full term, after serving in several government positions, including the Secretary of Labor and the Vice Presidency...
's government, Argentina participated in establishing and facilitating secret escape routes out of Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
to South America to SS Officials (referred as ODESSA
ODESSA
The ODESSA, from the German Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen, meaning “Organization of Former SS Members,” is believed to have been an international Nazi network set up toward the end of World War II by a group of SS officers...
network ). Former Nazi officials emigrated to Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
in order to prevent prosecution, some of them lived in Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
under their real names while others clandestinely obtained new identities. Some of the most known Nazis that emigrated to Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
are: Adolf Eichmann
Adolf Eichmann
Adolf Otto Eichmann was a German Nazi and SS-Obersturmbannführer and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust...
, Josef Mengele
Josef Mengele
Josef Rudolf Mengele , also known as the Angel of Death was a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. He earned doctorates in anthropology from Munich University and in medicine from Frankfurt University...
, Aribert Heim
Aribert Heim
Aribert Ferdinand Heim was an Austrian doctor, also known as Dr. Death. As an SS doctor in a Nazi concentration camp in Mauthausen, he is accused of killing and torturing many inmates by various methods, such as direct injections of toxic compounds into the hearts of his victims...
, Erich Priebke
Erich Priebke
Erich Priebke is a former Hauptsturmführer in the Waffen SS. In 1996 he was convicted of war crimes in Italy, for participating in the massacre at the Ardeatine caves in Rome, on March 24, 1944...
, Eduard Roschmann and "Bubi" Ludolf von Alvensleben
Ludolf von Alvensleben
Ludolf-Hermann Emmanuel Georg Kurt Werner von Alvensleben was a Nazi official in the rank of SS-Gruppenführer and Major General of the Police. His familiar name was "Bubi" .- Background :...
.
German impact on culture in Argentina
Food
The influence of German culture has also impacted Argentinian cuisine; this trend is especially apparent in the field of desserts. The pastries known as facturas are Germanic in origin: croissantCroissant
A croissant is a buttery flaky pastry named for its distinctive crescent shape. It is also sometimes called a crescent, from the French word for "crescent". Croissants are made of a leavened variant of puff pastry...
s, known as medialunas ("half-moons", from German "Halbmond"), are the most popular of these, and can be found in two varieties: butter- and lard-based. Also German in origin are the "Berliner" known as bolas de Fraile ("friar's balls"), and the rolls called piononos. The facturas were re-christened with local names given the difficult phonology of German, and usually Argentinized by the addition of a dulce de leche
Dulce de leche
Dulce de leche is a thick,creamy, caramel-like milk-based sauce or spread.Literally translated, dulce de leche means "sweet from milk". It is prepared by slowly heating sweetened milk to create a product that derives its taste from caramelised sugar. It is a popular sweet in Latin America, where...
filling. That was also the case of the "Kreppel", which are called torta fritas in Argentina, and were introduced by German immigrants, and similar case with the "Achtzig Schlag" cake, which was translated as Torta Ochenta Golpes in the country. In addition, dishes like chucrut (sauerkraut
Sauerkraut
Sauerkraut , directly translated from German: "sour cabbage", is finely shredded cabbage that has been fermented by various lactic acid bacteria, including Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus. It has a long shelf-life and a distinctive sour flavor, both of which result from the lactic acid...
) and many different kinds of sausage like bratwurst
Bratwurst
A bratwurst is a sausage usually composed of veal, pork or beef. The plural in German is Bratwürste....
and others have also made it into mainstream Argentinian cuisine.
Language
Today, most German Argentines do not speak German at home because of the decline of the language; however, some estimates suggest that 1.8 million http://www.sippo.ch/files/news/press_06ra.pdf Argentines of non-German descent have some knowledge of German. It is a language that can be heard all over the country, and this is partly maintained by the continued existence of German-speaking Argentines and some business connections. It is currently the fifth most spoken language in Argentina. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ar.html#PeopleBuenos Aires Province
- Colonia Hinojo (5 January 1878) - originally called Colonia Santa María and called KamenkaKamenkaKamenka may refer to:People*Eugene Kamenka, an Australian philosopher, socialistPlaces*Kamenka, Russia, name of several inhabited localities in Russia*Kamenka, an alternative name of the town of Taskala, Kazakhstan...
by the Colonists (named after a number of Volga German towns in Russia). It is situated in Olavarría PartidoOlavarría PartidoOlavarría Partido is a partido located in the central region of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.The provincial subdivision has a population of about 104,000 inhabitants in an area of 7,715 km², and its capital city is Olavarría, which is located around 350 km from Buenos...
. - Colonia Monte La Plata (1906)
- Colonia Nievas (1885) - called Holtzel by the colonists.
- Colonia San Miguel (3 October 1881) - called Dehler by settlers.
- Colonia Santa Rosa (1899).
- Colonia San Miguel Arcangel (1903).
- Coronel SuárezCoronel SuárezCoronel Suárez is a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is also the capital of Coronel Suárez Partido.The partido was created in 1882 by the government of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina who divided the territory of Tres Arroyos into the partidos of Tres Arroyos, Coronel Pringles and...
(1883). - San José (1887) - called Dehler by the colonists and situated in Coronel Suárez PartidoCoronel Suárez PartidoThe partido of Coronel Suárez is a subdivision of the Province of Buenos Aires in Argentina. Located in the south-central part of the province, it was created in 1882 by the provincial government when they divided the territory of Tres Arroyos into the partidos of Coronel Suárez, Tres Arroyos and...
. - Santa Trinidad (1887) - called Hildmann by the colonists and situated in Coronel Suárez PartidoCoronel Suárez PartidoThe partido of Coronel Suárez is a subdivision of the Province of Buenos Aires in Argentina. Located in the south-central part of the province, it was created in 1882 by the provincial government when they divided the territory of Tres Arroyos into the partidos of Coronel Suárez, Tres Arroyos and...
. - Santa María (1887) - called Kamenka by the colonists and situated in Coronel Suárez PartidoCoronel Suárez PartidoThe partido of Coronel Suárez is a subdivision of the Province of Buenos Aires in Argentina. Located in the south-central part of the province, it was created in 1882 by the provincial government when they divided the territory of Tres Arroyos into the partidos of Coronel Suárez, Tres Arroyos and...
. - Sierra de La VentanaSierra de La VentanaSierra de La Ventana is a picturesque village in Tornquist Partido in the southeast of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. With a population of 1,819 inhabitants , it is one of the most attractive tourist centres in the Province and has numerous recreation areas and parks.The town, originally...
(1908) - Tornquist (1883)
- Villa GesellVilla GesellVilla Gesell is a seaside village in Villa Gesell Partido, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It was founded in 1931, afforestating a dune field. The growth of the city allowed it to annex the nearby cities of Mar de las Pampas, Las Gaviotas and Mar Azul....
(1931) - Verónica
Entre Ríos Province
- Colonia General Alvear (1878), includes the following 5 hamletsHamlet (place)A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...
:
- Aldea Valle María (Mariental)
- Aldea Campo María (Spazenkutter)
- Aldea Salto (Kehler) or Santa Cruz
- Aldea San Francisco (Pfeiffer)
- Aldea ProtestanteAldea ProtestanteAldea Protestante is a village and municipality in northeastern Entre Ríos Province in Argentina.-References:...
- Aldea Brasilera (1879)
- Aldea María Luisa (1883)
- Aldea San Juan (1889)
- Aldea San AntonioAldea San AntonioAldea San Antonio is a village beside the San Antonio creek in the Gualeguaychu Departament, in Entre Rios Province, in Argentina. The village was founded on February 27, 1889 by families came from the village of Huck , in the Bergeseite of Volga river, in Russia.- History :In January 1887,...
(1889) - Aldea Santa Celia (1889)
- Aldea San Miguel (1899)
- Aldea Santa Anita (1900)
- Aldea San Isidro (1921)
- Villa ParanacitoVilla ParanacitoVilla Paranacito is a town in the southeast corner of the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina, head town of the Islas del Ibicuy Departament. It is located in the third section of the delta at the heart of the low-lying Ibicuy Islands in the Paraná Delta and is the administrative centre for the...
(1906)
Córdoba Province
- Colonia Santa María
- Colonia San José
- Colonia Eldorado
- Villa General BelgranoVilla General BelgranoVilla General Belgrano, a small mountain village of 6,260 inhabitants is named after the creator of the Argentine flag Manuel Belgrano and located in a lush green valley of Calamuchita in the hills in the Province of Córdoba in central Argentina.-History:...
(1930) - La CumbrecitaLa CumbrecitaLa Cumbrecita is a small picturesque secluded alpine-like hamlet amongst spruce and pine at 1450 meters above sea level where is not unusual to see a blanket of snow in winter time in the Province of Córdoba, Argentina. It is situated in the Calamuchita Valley in the Grand Sierras of Córdoba...
- Villa Berna
- Villa Alpina
- Villa MaríaVilla MaríaVilla María is a city in Córdoba Province, Argentina, and the head town of the General San Martín Department. It is located in the center of rich agricultural land. The area leads the country in production of milk...
(with ItaliansItalian peopleThe Italian people are an ethnic group that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence , and are distinguished from people...
and EnglishEnglish peopleThe English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens...
immigrants) - Colonia Bismarck
- Colonia Bremen
- Corral de Bustos
- Silvio Pellico (with ItaliansItalian peopleThe Italian people are an ethnic group that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence , and are distinguished from people...
immigrants)
La Pampa Province
- Colonia Santa María (1909)
- Colonia San José (1910)
- Colonia Santa Teresa (1921)
- Winifreda
- Alpachiri
Santa Fe Province
- Colonia Esperanza (Esperanza, Santa FeEsperanza, Santa FeEsperanza is a city in the center of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It has about 36,000 inhabitants as of the and it is the head town of the Las Colonias Department....
)(Swiss German) - Colonia San Carlos (Swiss German)
- Colonia San Gerónimo/San Gerónimo Norte (Swiss German)
Neuquén Province
- Villa La AngosturaVilla La AngosturaVilla La Angostura is a village in the south of the Argentine province of Neuquén, on the northwest shore of the Nahuel Huapi Lake.-Geography and climate:...
- Villa TrafulVilla TrafulVilla Traful is a hamlet of the Argentine province of Neuquén located at the shore of the Traful Lake, at 720 meters above mean sea level. It is located inside the Nahuel Huapi National Park on the Road of the Seven lakes, 60 km from Villa La Angostura and 100 km from Bariloche, at . The main...
(1936) - San Martin de los AndesSan Martín de los Andes-References:* - Official website.-External links:*...
(1898)
Misiones Province
- EldoradoEldorado, MisionesEldorado is a city in the center-northeast of the province of Misiones, Argentina. It has 54,189 inhabitants as per the , making it the third most populated city in the province, and is the head town of the Eldorado Department...
(1919) - Puerto RicoPuerto Rico, MisionesPuerto Rico is the capital city of the Libertador General San Martín Department, in the Misiones Province of Argentina.It is located at 26° 48' south latitude and 55° 01' west longitude, along the Paraná River...
(founded by catholic ethnic Germans recorded as Brazilian citizens when came to Argentina) - Montecarlo (founded by Protestant ethic Germans recorded as Brazilians when came to Argentina)
- Andresito
Quilmes
Cervecería y maltería or Quilmes Beer CompanyCerveza Quilmes
Cervecería y Maltería Quilmes is an Argentine Brewery founded in 1888 in Quilmes, Buenos Aires Province, by Otto Bemberg, a German immigrant.The company quickly started growing and in the 1920s it was already the most popular beer in Buenos Aires. Since then, it has become something of a national...
is an Argentine Brewery founded in 1888 in Quilmes, Buenos Aires Province, by Otto Bemberg
Otto Bemberg
Otto Bemberg was a German Argentine businessman prominent in the development of early Argentine industry.-Life and times:...
, a German immigrant. His great-granddaughter María Luisa Bemberg took over the company until she died in 1995 and her son, Carlos Miguens Bemberg
Carlos Miguens Bemberg
Carlos Miguens Bemberg, is a successful Argentine businessman and descendant of the wealthy Bemberg family of immigrants to Argentina.-Overview:His parents were the architect Carlos Miguens and the film director María Luisa Bemberg...
was the director from 1989 until his resignation on May 17, 2006.
San Carlos de Bariloche
Chalet
A chalet , also called Swiss chalet, is a type of building or house, native to the Alpine region, made of wood, with a heavy, gently sloping roof with wide, well-supported eaves set at right angles to the front of the house.-Definition and origin:...
-style architecture brought by German, Swiss and Austrian immigrants. It was named after Carlos Wiederhold, a pioneer who settled the region, and the city has become one of Argentina's top tourist destinations.
Figures
| Yearly German immigration to Argentina from 1919 to 1932 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | German immigrants | Total immigrants | % German immigrants |
| 1919 | 1,992 | 41,299 | 4.8% |
| 1920 | 4,798 | 87,032 | 5.5% |
| 1921 | 4,113 | 98,086 | 4.2% |
| 1922 | 6,514 | 129,263 | 5% |
| 1923 | 10,138 | 195,063 | 5.2% |
| 1924 | 10,238 | 159,939 | 6.4% |
| 1925 | 4,933 | 125,366 | 2.9% |
| 1926 | 5,112 | 135,011 | 3.8% |
| 1927 | 5,165 | 161,548 | 3.4% |
| 1928 | 4,165 | 129,047 | 3.2% |
| 1929 | 4,581 | 140,086 | 3.3% |
| 1930 | 5,171 | 135,403 | 3.8% |
| 1931 | 3,045 | 64,922 | 4.7% |
| 1932 | 2,089 | 37,626 | 5.5% |
| Total | 72,054 | 1,639,691 | 4.4% |
Population by Region of German descent in Argentina
1 - CórdobaCórdoba Province (Argentina)
Córdoba is a province of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Neighboring provinces are : Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja and Catamarca...
500.000
2 - Buenos Aires Province
Buenos Aires Province
The Province of Buenos Aires is the largest and most populous province of Argentina. It takes the name from the city of Buenos Aires, which used to be the provincial capital until it was federalized in 1880...
425.000
3 - Entre Rios
Entre Ríos Province
Entre Ríos is a northeastern province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region. It borders the provinces of Buenos Aires , Corrientes and Santa Fe , and Uruguay in the east....
350.000
4 - Misiones
Misiones Province
Misiones is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamiсa region. It is surrounded by Paraguay to the northwest, Brazil to the north, east and south, and Corrientes Province of Argentina to the southwest.- History :The province was...
325.000
5 - Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
300.000
Other provinces: 1,100,000
Famous German-Argentines
(this is not an exhaustive list)- Roberto ArltRoberto ArltRoberto Arlt was an Argentine writer.-Biography:He was born Roberto Godofredo Christophersen Arlt in Buenos Aires on April 2, 1900. His parents were both immigrants: his father Karl Arlt was a Prussian from Posen and his mother was Ekatherine Iobstraibitzer, a native of Trieste and Italian speaking...
(short-story writer, novelist, and playwright) - María Luisa Bemberg (Previous owner of Quilmes, film writer, director and actress)
- Elsa BornemannElsa BornemannElsa Bornemann is a recognized Argentine doctor of the Arts, polyglot and composer. She is also widely known for her popular children's literature...
(one of the most important Children's literature writers in Latin America) - Haydée Tamara Bunke BiderHaydée Tamara Bunke BiderHaydée Tamara Bunke Bider , better known as Tania or Tania the Guerrilla, was an Argentine-born East German communist revolutionary and spy who played a prominent role in the Cuban government after the Cuban Revolution and in various Latin American revolutionary movements...
(famous communist revolutionary) - Silvina BullrichSilvina BullrichSilvina Bullrich was a best-selling Argentine novelist, as well as an accomplished journalist, translator and screenwriter.-Life and work:...
(writer) - Mario BungeMario BungeMario Augusto Bunge is an Argentine philosopher and physicist mainly active in Canada.-Biography:Bunge began his studies at the National University of La Plata, graduating with a Ph.D. in physico-mathematical sciences in 1952. He was professor of theoretical physics and philosophy,...
(philosopher and physicist) - Kat Von DKat Von DKatherine Drachenberg , known professionally as Kat Von D and who has given her name as Katherine von Drachenberg in two German interviews is an American tattoo artist and television personality...
(Katherine von Drachenberg) tattoo artist - Richard Walther Darré (served as part of Hitler's Cabinet)
- Sergio DenisSergio DenisHéctor Omar Hoffmann, better known as Sergio Denis is an Argentine singer-songwriter and occasional actor .- Biography :...
(singer-songwriter); his real name is Héctor Omar Hoffmann. - Adolf EichmannAdolf EichmannAdolf Otto Eichmann was a German Nazi and SS-Obersturmbannführer and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust...
(architect of the holocaust, lived by the name Ricardo Klement in Argentina) - Erich EliskasesErich EliskasesErich Gottlieb Eliskases was a chess Grandmaster of the 1930s and 1940s, who represented Austria, Germany and Argentina in international competition....
(competitive chess player) - Juan Eduardo Esnáider (soccer player)
- Rodolfo FischerRodolfo FischerRodolfo José Fischer Eichler is a former Argentine international association football player of German-Brazilian descendancy. His tenacity awarded the tall attacker with a penchant for headers the nickname El Lobo, the "Wolf"...
(soccer player) - Rodolfo FreudeRodolfo FreudeRodolfo Freude was a close advisor of Argentine President Juan Perón and served as his Director of the Information Division ....
(close advisor of Argentine President Juan Perón and served as his Director of the Information Division) - Claudio Fernando GrafClaudio Fernando GrafClaudio Fernando Graf is an Argentine football striker. He currently plays for San Martín de San Juan.-Career:...
(soccer player) - Gabriel HeinzeGabriel HeinzeGabriel Iván Heinze is an Argentine footballer who plays for A.S. Roma in Italy. Mainly a left back, he can also operate as a central defender....
(soccer player) - Wálter HerrmannWálter HerrmannWalter Herrmann Heinrich is an Argentine professional basketball player. He is listed at 6'9" and 225 lbs. He was a key member of the Argentinian national basketball team that won the gold medal during the 2004 Olympic Basketball Tournament...
(basketball player) - Natty HollmannNatty HollmannNatty Hollmann , also known as Natty Petrosino due to her husband's surname, is an Argentine philanthropist and humanitarian known for her advocacy and work for the indigent.-Early life:...
(also known as Naty Petrosino, elected "International Woman of the Year"- 2006- by the Autonomous Region of Valle d'Aosta in Northern Italy, nominated to Peace Nobel Price 2009) - René HousemanRené HousemanRené Orlando Houseman is a retired Argentine footballer, who played as a right winger.In his career he played for Defensores de Belgrano, Huracán, River Plate, Colo Colo , Amazulu , Independiente and Excursionistas.During his international career he also played for Argentina, and participated at...
(soccer player) - Néstor KirchnerNéstor KirchnerNéstor Carlos Kirchner was an Argentine politician who served as the 54th President of Argentina from 25 May 2003 until 10 December 2007. Previously, he was Governor of Santa Cruz Province since 10 December 1991. He briefly served as Secretary General of the Union of South American Nations ...
(former President of Argentina) - Héctor Germán OesterheldHéctor Germán OesterheldHéctor Germán Oesterheld , also known as his common abbreviation HGO, was an Argentine journalist and writer of graphic novels and comics who has come to be celebrated as a master in his field....
(comic writer, considered the greatest South American to work in his field) - Carlos Alberto Reutemann (former Formula One racing driver and a prominent politician)
- Milagros SchmollMilagros SchmollMilagros Schmoll is an Argentine fashion model. She began modeling in 2003, and has appeared on the October 2006 and February 2008 covers of Italian Marie Claire and the July 2007 and May 2008 covers of Argentine Elle....
(model) - Gabriel SchürrerGabriel SchürrerGabriel Francisco Schürrer Peralta is a retired Argentine football central defender, and the current manager of Club Atlético Lanús....
(soccer player) - Friedrich SchickendantzFriedrich SchickendantzFriedrich Schickendantz was an Argentine-German scientist who worked in the fields of mineralogy, chemistry, botany, geology, and meteorology. He was born in Landau, now in the Rhineland-Palatinate state of Germany...
(chemist and philosopher) - Sebastian SprengSebastian SprengSebastian Spreng is an Argentine-American visual artist and music journalist.-Biography:Born in Esperanza, Santa Fe of German ancestry, is a self-taught artist and music journalist, related from his mother side to writer Eduardo Gudiño Kieffer , also a native of Esperanza, the first formally...
(visual artist, journalist) - René StricklerRené StricklerRené Guillermo Strickler Zender is an Argentine actor.- Biography :He is of both German and English descent. He is currently married to Patricia Rangel. They have two sons, Andrick and Yanick . He migrated to Mexico City in 1986. He was a model, but then he gained his first protagonic role in soap...
(actor) - Ernesto TornquistErnesto TornquistErnesto Carlos Tornquist is considered to be one of the most important entrepreneurs in Argentina at the end of the 19th century. The diversified business empire he created played a key role in helping to link Argentina with the trading and financial systems of the first world...
(prominent manager, he founded the Tornquist Bank, the TornquistTornquistTörnquist, Tornquist and Tørnquist are surnames of Swedish origin. The word tornquist means "thorn branch". It can refer to following:-People:* Ernesto Tornquist, Argentine businessman* Evie Tornquist-Karlsson, American singer...
city and Tornquist PartidoTornquist PartidoTornquist Partido is a partido located in the south west of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina and is named after Ernesto Tornquist, founder of Tornquist, the partido's main city....
in Buenos Aires ProvinceBuenos Aires ProvinceThe Province of Buenos Aires is the largest and most populous province of Argentina. It takes the name from the city of Buenos Aires, which used to be the provincial capital until it was federalized in 1880...
among many other contributions) - Christian Von Wernich (notorious Roman Catholic chaplain of the Buenos Aires Province Police during the Dirty WarDirty WarThe Dirty War was a period of state-sponsored violence in Argentina from 1976 until 1983. Victims of the violence included several thousand left-wing activists, including trade unionists, students, journalists, Marxists, Peronist guerrillas and alleged sympathizers, either proved or suspected...
) - Juan Imhoff (rugbyRugby unionRugby union, often simply referred to as rugby, is a full contact team sport which originated in England in the early 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand...
player)
External links
- http://www.tageblatt.com.ar/
- http://www.alemanesvolga.com.ar/