Gairdner Foundation International Award
Encyclopedia
The Gairdner Foundation
International Award is given annually at a special dinner to three to six people for outstanding discoveries or contributions to medical science. Receipt of the Gairdner is traditionally considered a precursor to winning the Nobel Prize in Medicine
; as of 2007, 69 Nobel Prizes have been awarded to prior Gairdner recipients. Gairdner Foundation Awards are given annually in the amount of $100,000 (each) payable in Canadian funds. They are awarded to residents of any country in the world, whatsoever. A joint award may be given for the same discovery or contribution to medical science, but in that case each awardee receives a full prize.
Past winners are:
Gairdner Foundation
The Gairdner Foundation was created in 1957 by James Arthur Gairdner to recognize and reward the achievements of medical researchers whose work contributes significantly to improving the quality of human life. Since the first awards were made in 1959, the Gairdner Awards have become Canada's...
International Award is given annually at a special dinner to three to six people for outstanding discoveries or contributions to medical science. Receipt of the Gairdner is traditionally considered a precursor to winning the Nobel Prize in Medicine
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the field of life science and medicine. It is one of five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, in his will...
; as of 2007, 69 Nobel Prizes have been awarded to prior Gairdner recipients. Gairdner Foundation Awards are given annually in the amount of $100,000 (each) payable in Canadian funds. They are awarded to residents of any country in the world, whatsoever. A joint award may be given for the same discovery or contribution to medical science, but in that case each awardee receives a full prize.
Past winners are:
- 1959 Alfred BlalockAlfred BlalockAlfred Blalock was a 20th-century American surgeon most noted for his research on the medical condition of shock and the development of the Blalock-Taussig Shunt, surgical relief of the cyanosis from Tetralogy of Fallot—known commonly as the blue baby syndrome—with Vivien Thomas and pediatric...
, Helen B. TaussigHelen B. TaussigHelen Brooke Taussig was an American cardiologist, working in Baltimore and Boston, who founded the field of pediatric cardiology. Notably, she is credited with developing the concept for a procedure that would extend the lives of children born with Tetrology of Fallot...
, Charles A. Ragan, Harry M. Rose, William D.M. Paton, Eleanor Zaimis, Wilfred G. Bigelow - 1960 Joshua H. Burn, John H. Gibbon Jr., William F. HamiltonWilliam F. HamiltonWilliam Hamilton was an American athlete. He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London....
, John McMichael, Karl Meyer, Arnold R. Rich - 1961 Russell Brock, Alan C. Burton, Alexander B. Gutman, Jonas H. Kellgren, Ulf S. von Euler
- 1962 Francis H.C. Crick, Albert H. Coons, Clarence CrafoordClarence CrafoordClarence Crafoord was a Swedish cardiovascular surgeon, best known for performing the first successful repair of aortic coarctation on 19 October 1944, one year before Robert E...
, Henry G. Kunkel, Stanley J. Sarnoff - 1963 Murray L. Barr, Jacques GenestJacques GenestJacques Genest, is a Canadian physician and scientist.-Honours:* In 1963, he was awarded the Gairdner Foundation International Award.* In 1967, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada....
, Irvine H. Page, Pierre Grabar, C. Walton LilleheiC. Walton LilleheiClarence Walton Lillehei , was an American surgeon who pioneered open-heart surgery, as well as numerous techniques, equipment and prostheses for cardiothoracic surgery.-Background:...
, Eric G.L. Bywaters - 1964 Seymour BenzerSeymour BenzerSeymour Benzer was an American physicist, molecular biologist and behavioral geneticist. His career began during the molecular biology revolution of the 1950s, and he eventually rose to prominence in the fields of molecular and behavioral genetics. He led a productive genetics research lab both at...
, Karl H. Beyer Jr., Deborah DoniachDeborah DoniachProfessor Deborah Doniach, MD, FRCP was a distinguished clinical immunologist and pioneer in the field of autoimmune diseases. -Selected Published Works:...
, Ivan M. RoittIvan RoittProfessor Ivan Maurice Roitt was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham and Balliol College, Oxford University.In 1956, together with Deborah Doniach and Peter Campbell, he made the classic discovery of thyroglobulin autoantibodies in Hashimoto's thyroiditis which helped to open the whole...
, Gordon D.W. MurrayDonald Walter Gordon MurrayDonald Walter Gordon Murray, , also known as "Gordon Murray", was a Canadian cardiac surgeon.Born in Ontario, he enrolled at the University of Toronto to study medicine in 1914. During World War I, he enlisted as an artilleryman and rose to the rank of sergeant. After the war, he graduated in 1921...
, Keith R. PorterKeith R. PorterKeith Roberts Porter was a Canadian cell biologist. He did pioneering biology research using electron microscopy of cells , such as work on the 9 + 2 microtubule structure in the axoneme of cilia. Porter also contributed to the development of other experimental methods for cell culture and nuclear... - 1965 Jerome W. ConnJerome W. ConnJerome W. Conn was an American endocrinologist best known for his description of Conn syndrome or primary hyperaldosteronism.-Biography:...
, Robin R.A. Coombs, Charles E. Dent, Charles P. LeblondCharles LeblondCharles Philippe Leblond, was a pioneer of cell biology and stem cell research and a former Canadian professor of anatomy...
, Daniel J. McCarty, F. Horace Smirk - 1966 Rodney R. Porter, Geoffrey S. DawesGeoffrey S. DawesGeoffrey Sharman Dawes was an English physiologist and was considered to be the foremost international authority on neo-natal physiology.-Biography:...
, Charles B. Huggins, Willem J. Kolff, Luis F. Leloir, Jacques F.A.P. Miller, Jan Waldenström - 1967 Christian DeDuve, Marshall W. Nirenberg, George E. Palade, Julius AxelrodJulius AxelrodJulius Axelrod was an American biochemist. He won a share of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 along with Bernard Katz and Ulf von Euler...
, Sidney Udenfriend, D. Harold Copp, Iain MacIntyre, Peter J. Moloney, J. Fraser Mustard - 1968 Bruce ChownBruce ChownBruce Chown, was a Canadian scientist who researched the blood factor known as the Rhesus factor and helped produced a Rh immune vaccine, Rh gamma globulin, which helps to prevent Erythroblastosis fetalis....
, James L. Gowans, George H. Hitchings, Jacques Oudin, J. Edwin SeegmillerJ. Edwin SeegmillerJ Edwin Seegmiller, or Jay Seegmiller, was an American physician and biochemical geneticist best known for his role in discovering the biochemical basis of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. He was a rheumatologist and a pioneer in research on arthritic diseases and on aging.-Life:Jay Seegmiller was born... - 1969 Frank J. DixonFrank J. DixonFrank James Dixon was an award-winning biomedical researcher, best known for his research into diseases of the immune system that can damage other organs of the body. Dixon was also noted for having developed techniques involving trace iodines to study proteins.Born in St. Paul, Dixon received his...
, John P. MerrillJohn P. MerrillJohn Putnam Merrill was an American physician and medical researcher. He led the team which performed the world's first successful kidney transplant...
, Belding H. ScribnerBelding H. ScribnerBelding Hibbard Scribner was a U.S. physician and a pioneer in kidney dialysis.-Biography:Scribner received his medical degree from Stanford University in 1945. After completing his postgraduate studies at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, he joined the faculty of the School of Medicine at...
, Robert B. SalterRobert B. SalterRobert Bruce Salter, , was a Canadian surgeon and a pioneer in the field of pediatric orthopaedic surgery....
, Earl W. Sutherland, Ernest A. McCulloch, F. Mason SonesF. Mason SonesF. Mason Sones, Jr. was an American physician who's pioneering work in cardiac catheterization was instrumental in the development of both coronary artery bypass surgery and interventional cardiology.-Early life and career:...
, James E. Till - 1970 Vincent P. Dole, W. Richard S. Doll, Robert A. GoodRobert A. Good-External links:** can be found at The Center for the History of Medicine at the Countway Library, Harvard Medical School....
, Niels K. Jerne, Robert B. Merrifield - 1971 Charles H. Best, Rachmiel Levine, Frederick SangerFrederick SangerFrederick Sanger, OM, CH, CBE, FRS is an English biochemist and a two-time Nobel laureate in chemistry, the only person to have been so. In 1958 he was awarded a Nobel prize in chemistry "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin"...
, Donald F. SteinerDonald F. SteinerDonald F. Steiner is an American biochemist and a professor at the University of Chicago.- Birth and education :Donald F. Steiner was born in 1930 in the United States. He completed his B.S. in Chemistry and Zoology from the University of Cincinnati in 1952. He completed his M.S. in Biochemistry...
, Solomon A. Berson, Rosalyn S. Yalow - 1972 Sune Karl BergströmSune BergströmKarl Sune Detlof Bergström was a Swedish biochemist.In 1975, he was appointed to the Nobel Foundation Board of Directors in Sweden....
, Britton ChanceBritton ChanceBritton Chance was the Eldridge Reeves Johnson University Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Biophysics, as well as Professor Emeritus of Physical Chemistry and Radiological Physics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.At the 1952 Summer Olympics, Chance won a gold medal in...
, Oleh HornykiewiczOleh Hornykiewicz-Biography:Hornykiewicz was born in 1926 in Sykhiw, then in Poland . In 1951, he received his M.D. degree from the University of Vienna and joined the faculty of his alma mater the same year and has worked there ever since. He also served for twenty years as chairman of the Institute of Biochemical...
, Robert R. Race, Ruth Sanger - 1973 Roscoe O. Brady, Denis P. BurkittDenis Parsons BurkittDenis Parsons Burkitt , surgeon, was born in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Ireland. He was the son of James Parsons Burkitt. Aged eleven he lost his right eye in an accident. He attended Portora Royal School in Enniskillen and Dean Close School, England...
, John CharnleyJohn CharnleySir John Charnley was a British orthopaedic surgeon. He pioneered the hip replacement operation, which is now one of the most common operations both in the UK and elsewhere in the world...
, Kimishige IshizakaKimishige IshizakaDr is a Japanese scientist who discovered the antibody class IgE in 1966. His work has been regarded as a major breakthrough in the understanding of allergy. He was awarded the 1973 Gairdner Foundation International Award and the 2000 Japan Prize for his work in immunology. He was elected a member...
, Teruko Ishizaka, Harold E. JohnsHarold E. JohnsHarold Elford Johns, OC was a Canadian medical physicist, noted for his extensive contributions to the use of ionizing radiation to treat cancer.-Early life and education:... - 1974 David BaltimoreDavid BaltimoreDavid Baltimore is an American biologist, university administrator, and Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine. He served as president of the California Institute of Technology from 1997 to 2006, and is currently the Robert A. Millikan Professor of Biology at Caltech...
, Howard M. Temin, Hector F. DeLuca, Roger GuilleminRoger GuilleminRoger Charles Louis Guillemin received the National Medal of Science in 1976, and the Nobel prize for medicine in 1977 for his work on neurohormones, sharing the prize that year with Andrew Schally and Rosalyn Sussman Yalow.Completing his undergraduate work at the University of Burgundy, Guillemin...
, Andrew V. Schally, Hans J. Müller-EberhardHans J. Müller-EberhardHans Joachim Müller-Eberhard was a distinguished molecular immunologist who did pioneering research in the United States and his native Germany. The areas of investigation upon which he left his mark include the immunoglobulins and the complement system.-External links:*, an excellent biographical...
, Juda Quastel - 1975 Ernest BeutlerErnest BeutlerErnest Beutler was a German-born American hematologist and biomedical scientist. He made important discoveries about the causes of a number of diseases, including anemias, Gaucher disease, disorders of iron metabolism and Tay-Sachs disease...
, Baruch S. Blumberg, Henri G. HersHenri G. HersHenri-Géry Hers is a Belgian physiologist and biochemist, and was a professor at the Universite Catholique de Louvain. Hers' suffers from an inborn glycogen metabolism disorder caused by deficiency of hepatic phosphorylase associated with an enlarged liver and mild hypoglycaemia...
, Hugh E. Huxley, John D. Keith, William Thornton Mustard - 1976 Sir Godfrey N. Hounsfield, Thomas R. Dawber, William B. Kannel, Eugene P. Kennedy, George KleinGeorge Klein (biologist)George Klein is a biologist who has specialized in studying certain types of tumors. He started a tumor biology center at Karolinska Institute and made a connection there between the epstein-Barr virus and lymphomas and other cancers. He is married to Eva Klein, also a biologist, and has a son...
, George D. Snell - 1977 K. Frank Austen, Cyril A. ClarkeCyril ClarkeSir Cyril Astley Clarke KBE, FRCP, FRCOG, FRC Path, FRS was a British physician, geneticist and lepidopterist...
, Jean DaussetJean DaussetJean-Baptiste-Gabriel-Joachim Dausset was a French immunologist born in Toulouse, France. He married Rose Mayoral in 1963, with whom he had two children, Henri and Irène...
, Henry G. Friesen, Victor A. McKusickVictor A. McKusickVictor Almon McKusick , internist and medical geneticist, was University Professor of Medical Genetics and Professor of Medicine at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA... - 1978 Sydney BrennerSydney BrennerSydney Brenner, CH FRS is a South African biologist and a 2002 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate, shared with H...
, Jean-Pierre ChangeuxJean-Pierre ChangeuxJean-Pierre Changeux is a French neuroscientist known for his research in several fields of biology, from the structure and function of proteins , to the early development of the nervous system up to cognitive functions...
, Donald S. FredricksonDonald S. FredricksonDonald Sharp "Don" Fredrickson was an American medical researcher, principally of the lipid and cholesterol metabolism, and director of National Institutes of Health and subsequently the Howard Hughes Medical Institute....
, Samuel O. FreedmanSamuel O. FreedmanSamuel Orkin Freedman, OC, CQ, FRSC is a Canadian clinical immunologist, professor and academic administrator. In 1965, he co-discovered with Phil Gold the carcinoembryonic antigen, the basis of a blood test used in the diagnosis and management of people with colorectal cancer.Born in Montreal,...
, Phil GoldPhil GoldPhil Gold, CC, OQ, FRSC, FRCPC, MACP is a Canadian physician, scientist, and professor.Born in Montreal, Quebec, he received a B.Sc. degree in 1957, a M.Sc. degree in 1961, a M.D. degree in 1961, and a Ph.D. in 1965 from McGill University.In 1968, he co-discovered with Samuel O...
, Edwin G. KrebsEdwin G. Krebs-External links:*Hughes, R. 1998. *Krebs, E.G. * *...
, Elizabeth C. Miller, James A. Miller, Lars Terenius - 1979 Sir James W. Black, George F. Cahill Jr., Walter GilbertWalter GilbertWalter Gilbert is an American physicist, biochemist, molecular biology pioneer, and Nobel laureate.-Biography:Gilbert was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on March 21, 1932...
, Elwood V. JensenElwood V. JensenElwood V. Jensen is the Distinguished University Professor, George and Elizabeth Wile Chair in Cancer Research at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine's Vontz Center for Molecular Studies. In 2004 he received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research for his research on...
, Frederick SangerFrederick SangerFrederick Sanger, OM, CH, CBE, FRS is an English biochemist and a two-time Nobel laureate in chemistry, the only person to have been so. In 1958 he was awarded a Nobel prize in chemistry "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin"...
, Charles R. Scriver - 1980 Paul BergPaul BergPaul Berg is an American biochemist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. He was the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980, along with Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. The award recognized their contributions to basic research involving nucleic acids...
, Irving B. Fritz, H. Gobind Khorana, Efraim RackerEfraim RackerEfraim Racker was an Austrian biochemist who was responsible for identifying and purifying Factor 1 , the first part of the ATP synthase enzyme to be characterised. F1 is only a part of a larger ATP synthase complex known as Complex V...
, Jesse Roth, Michael SelaMichael SelaMichael Sela is an Israeli immunologist of Polish Jewish origin. He is W. Garfield Weston Professor of Immunology at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot.- Birth and academic career :... - 1981 Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. GoldsteinJoseph L. GoldsteinJoseph L. Goldstein from Kingstree, South Carolina is a Nobel Prize winning biochemist and geneticist, and a pioneer in the study of cholesterol metabolism.-Biography:...
, Wai Yiu Cheung, Jerry H-C. Wang, Georges J. Köhler, César MilsteinCésar MilsteinCésar Milstein FRS was an Argentine biochemist in the field of antibody research. Milstein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984 with Niels K. Jerne and Georges Köhler.-Biography:...
, Elizabeth F. NeufeldElizabeth F. NeufeldElizabeth F. Neufeld is an American geneticist whose research has focused on the genetic basis of metabolic disease in humans.Neufeld and her Russian Jewish family emigrated to the United States from Paris in 1940; they had left Europe as refugees to escape Nazi persecution...
, Saul Roseman, Bengt Samuelsson - 1982 Gilbert AshwellGilbert AshwellGilbert Ashwell is a biochemist at the National Institutes of Health. He is a member of the National Academy of Science for his work with Anatol Morell in isolating the first cell receptor.-Biography:...
, Günter BlobelGünter Blobel-Biography:Blobel was born in Waltersdorf in the Prussian Province of Lower Silesia. In January 1945 his family fled from native Silesia from the advancing Red Army. On their way to the West they passed through the beautiful old city of Dresden, which left deep impressions in the young boy...
, Arvid CarlssonArvid CarlssonArvid Carlsson is a Swedish scientist who is best known for his work with the neurotransmitter dopamine and its effects in Parkinson's disease...
, Paul JanssenPaul JanssenPaul Adriaan Jan, Baron Janssen was the founder of Janssen Pharmaceutica, a pharmaceutical company with over 20,000 employees. In 2005 he finished as runner up, after Father Damien, in the poll for The Greatest Belgian organized by the regional Flemish television...
, Manfred M. Mayer - 1983 Donald A. Henderson, Bruce N. AmesBruce AmesBruce Nathan Ames is an American biochemist. He is a professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, and a senior scientist at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute...
, Gerald D. Aurbach, John A. Clements, Richard K. Gershon, Susumu TonegawaSusumu TonegawaSusumu Tonegawa is a Japanese scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987 for his discovery of the genetic mechanism that produces antibody diversity. Although he won the Nobel Prize for his work in immunology, Tonegawa is a molecular biologist by training... - 1984 J. Michael BishopJ. Michael Bishop-External links:**...
, Harold E. VarmusHarold E. VarmusHarold Elliot Varmus is an American Nobel Prize-winning scientist and the 14th and current Director of the National Cancer Institute, a post he was appointed to by President Barack Obama. He was a co-recipient Harold Elliot Varmus (born December 18, 1939) is an American Nobel Prize-winning...
, Alfred G. GilmanAlfred G. GilmanAlfred Goodman Gilman is an American pharmacologist and biochemist. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Martin Rodbell for their discoveries regarding G-proteins....
, Martin RodbellMartin RodbellMartin Rodbell was an American biochemist and molecular endocrinologist who is best known for his discovery of G-proteins. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Alfred G...
, Yuet Wai KanYuet Wai KanYuet Wai Kan FRS , is a Canadian and American medical scientist and physician. He is the current Louis K. Diamond Professor of Hematology and the head of the Division of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics at the University of California, San Francisco...
, Kresimir Krnjevic, Robert L. Noble - 1985 Stanley CohenStanley CohenStan Cohen may refer to:* Stanley Cohen , American Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine* Stan Cohen , British Labour politician...
, Paul C. Lauterbur, Raymond U. LemieuxRaymond U. LemieuxRaymond Urgel Lemieux, CC, AOE, FRS was a Canadian organic chemist, who pioneered a number of discoveries in the field of chemistry, his first and most famous being the synthesis of sucrose...
, Mary F. LyonMary F. LyonMary Frances Lyon, FRS is an English geneticist, who is best known for her discovery of X-chromosome inactivation, an important cytogenetic phenomenon.-Childhood and education:...
, Mark PtashneMark PtashneMark Ptashne is a molecular biologist and violinist. He currently holds the Ludwig Chair of Molecular Biology at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in New York...
, Charles YanofskyCharles Yanofsky- External links :* *... - 1986 Jean-Francois Borel, James E. DarnellJames E. DarnellJames Edwin Darnell Jr. is an American biologist who made significant contributions to RNA processing and cytokine signaling and is author of the cell biology textbook Molecular Cell Biology....
, Philip A. Sharp, Adolfo J. de BoldAdolfo J. de BoldAdolfo J. de Bold, OC, FRSC is an Argentinian–Canadian cardiologist and cardiovascular researcher, best known for his discovery of atrial natriuretic peptide, a polypeptide hormone secreted by heart muscle cells.-Education and career:...
, T. Geoffrey Flynn, Harald Sonnenberg, Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. ZinkernagelRolf M. ZinkernagelRolf Martin Zinkernagel AC is Professor of Experimental Immunology at the University of Zurich.-Career:...
, Michael SmithMichael Smith (chemist)Michael Smith, CC, OBC, FRS was a British-born Canadian biochemist who won the 1993 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.-Biography:... - 1987 Peter J. Favaloro, Robert C. Gallo, Luc MontagnierLuc MontagnierLuc Antoine Montagnier is a French virologist and joint recipient with Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Harald zur Hausen of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus...
, Walter J. Gehring, Edward B. LewisEdward B. Lewis- External links :* *...
, Eric R. KandelEric R. KandelEric Richard Kandel is an American neuropsychiatrist who was a recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons...
, Michael G. Rossmann - 1988 Albert J. Aguayo, Michael J. Berridge, Yasutomi NishizukaYasutomi Nishizukawas a Japanese biochemist who discovered protein kinase C and made important contribution to the understanding of molecular mechanism of signal transduction across the cell membrane.- Birth and education :...
, Thomas R. Cech, Michael A. Epstein, Robert J. Lefkowitz - 1989 Mark M. Davis, Tak W. Mak, Jean-Marie Ghuysen, Louis M. Kunkel, Ronald G. Worton, Erwin NeherErwin NeherErwin Neher is a German biophysicist.Erwin Neher studied physics at the Technical University of Munich from 1963 to 1966. In 1966, He was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to study in the US...
, Bert SakmannBert Sakmann-External links:*... - 1990 Francis S. Collins, John R. Riordan, Lap-Chee TsuiLap-Chee TsuiProfessor Lap-chee Tsui, OC, O.Ont is a Chinese-Canadian geneticist and currently the Vice-Chancellor and President of the University of Hong Kong.-Personal life:Tsui was born in Shanghai...
, Victor LingVictor LingVictor Ling, OC, OBC is an award-winning Canadian researcher in the field of medicine. Ling's research focuses on drug resistance in cancer. He is best known for his discovery of P-glycoprotein, one of the proteins responsible for multidrug resistance....
, Oliver SmithiesOliver SmithiesOliver Smithies is a British-born American geneticist and Nobel laureate, credited with the invention of gel electrophoresis in 1955, and the simultaneous discovery, with Mario Capecchi and Martin Evans, of the technique of homologous recombination of transgenic DNA with genomic DNA, a much more...
, Edwin M. SouthernEdwin SouthernSir Edwin Mellor Southern, FRS is an English 2005 Lasker Award-winning molecular biologist. His award was for the invention of the Southern blot, now a common laboratory procedure, when he was working at the University of Edinburgh....
, E. Donnall ThomasE. Donnall ThomasDr. Edward Donnall Thomas is an American physician, professor emeritus at the University of Washington, and director emeritus of the clinical research division at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. In 1990 he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Joseph E. Murray for the... - 1991 Sydney BrennerSydney BrennerSydney Brenner, CH FRS is a South African biologist and a 2002 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate, shared with H...
, John E. SulstonJohn E. SulstonSir John Edward Sulston FRS is a British biologist. He is a joint winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.He is currently Chair of the Institute for Science, Ethics and Innovation at the University of Manchester....
, M. Judah FolkmanJudah FolkmanMoses Judah Folkman was an American medical scientist best known for his research on tumor angiogenesis, the process by which a tumor attracts blood vessels to nourish itself and sustain its existence...
, Robert F. FurchgottRobert F. FurchgottRobert Francis Furchgott was a Nobel Prize-winning American biochemist.Furchgott was born in Charleston, SC, to Arthur Furchgott and Pena Sorentrue Furchgott...
, David H. MacLennan, Kary B. Mullis - 1992 Leland H. HartwellLeland H. HartwellLeland Harrison Hartwell is former president and director of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington. He shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Paul Nurse and R...
, Yoshio MasuiYoshio Masuiis a Japanese cell biologist.Masui studied biology at Kyoto University, graduating with his B.Sc. in zoology in 1953, his M.Sc. in 1955 and his Ph.D. in 1961. While still studying at Kyoto University, he taught biology, first as a teacher's assistant and then as a teacher, at Konan University,...
, Paul M. Nurse, Richard PetoRichard PetoSir Richard Peto FRS is Professor of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology at the University of Oxford.He attended Taunton's School in Southampton and subsequently studied Natural Sciences at Cambridge University....
, Bert VogelsteinBert VogelsteinBert Vogelstein is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at The Johns Hopkins University. He clarified the role of the gene p53, which repairs DNA in dividing cells and destroys the cell if its DNA cannot be repaired. Damaged p53 is responsible for half of all cancers...
, Robert A. Weinberg - 1993 Mario R. Capecchi, Oliver SmithiesOliver SmithiesOliver Smithies is a British-born American geneticist and Nobel laureate, credited with the invention of gel electrophoresis in 1955, and the simultaneous discovery, with Mario Capecchi and Martin Evans, of the technique of homologous recombination of transgenic DNA with genomic DNA, a much more...
, Alvin R. Feinstein, Stanley B. PrusinerStanley B. PrusinerStanley Ben Prusiner is an American neurologist and biochemist. Currently the director of the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases at University of California, San Francisco . Prusiner discovered prions, a class of infectious self-reproducing pathogens primarily or solely composed of protein...
, Michel M. Ter-Pogossian - 1994 Pamela J. BjorkmanPamela J. BjorkmanPamela J. Bjorkman is an American biochemist. She is the Max Delbrück Professor of Biology at the California Institute of Technology , Adjunct Professor of biochemistry at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, and an investigator for the Howard Hughes Medical Institute...
, Don C. Wiley, Tony Hunter, Anthony J. Pawson, Donald MetcalfDonald MetcalfEmeritus Professor Donald Metcalf AC FRS FAA is an Australian medical researcher who spent most of his career at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne... - 1995 Bruce AlbertsBruce AlbertsBruce Michael Alberts is an American biochemist known for his work in science public policy and as an original author of the Molecular Biology of the Cell...
, Arthur KornbergArthur KornbergArthur Kornberg was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid " together with Dr. Severo Ochoa of New York University...
, Roger Y. TsienRoger Y. TsienRoger Yonchien Tsien is a Chinese American biochemist and a professor at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego... - 1996 Robert S. LangerRobert S. LangerRobert S. Langer is an American engineer and the David H. Koch Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was formerly the Germeshausen Professor of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and maintains activity in the department of chemical engineering and the department of...
, Barry J. Marshall, James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman, Janet RowleyJanet RowleyJanet Davison Rowley is an American human geneticist and the first scientist to identify a chromosomal translocation as the cause of leukemia and other cancers.... - 1997 Corey S. Goodman, Erkki RuoslahtiErkki RuoslahtiErkki Ruoslahti is a cancer researcher at the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute and University of California Santa Barbara.Ruoslahti made seminal contributions to biology of extracellular matrix and its receptors....
, Richard O. Hynes, Alfred G. Knudson Jr. - 1998 Elizabeth BlackburnElizabeth BlackburnElizabeth Helen Blackburn, AC, FRS is an Australian-born American biological researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who studies the telomere, a structure at the end of chromosomes that protects the chromosome. Blackburn co-discovered telomerase, the enzyme that replenishes the...
, Carol W. GreiderCarol W. GreiderCarolyn Widney "Carol" Greider is an American molecular biologist. She is Daniel Nathans Professor and Director of Molecular Biology and Genetics at Johns Hopkins University. She discovered the enzyme telomerase in 1984, when she was a graduate student of Elizabeth Blackburn at the University of...
, Giuseppe AttardiGiuseppe AttardiGiuseppe Attardi was an American molecular biologist of Italian origin, a professor at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena...
, Walter Neupert, Gottfried SchatzGottfried SchatzGottfried Schatz is a Swiss - Austrian biochemist. He played a leading role in elucidating the biogenesis of mitochondria and was a co-discoverer of mitochondrial DNA.- Life and career :... - 1999 Avram HershkoAvram HershkoAvram Hershko is a Hungarian-Israeli biochemist and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.-Biography:Born Herskó Ferenc in Karcag, Hungary, Hershko emigrated to Israel in 1950. Received his M.D. in 1965 and his Ph.D in 1969 from the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel...
, Alexander J. Varshavsky, Robert Horvitz, Andrew WyllieAndrew WyllieAndrew H. Wyllie is a Scottish pathologist. In 1972, while working with electron microscopes at the University of Aberdeen he realised the significance of natural cell death. He and his colleagues John Kerr and Alastair Currie called this process apoptosis, from the use of this word in an ancient... - 2000 Jack HirshJack HirshJack Hirsh, is a Canadian clinician and scientist specializing in anticoagulant therapy and thrombosis.Born in Melbourne, Australia, Hirsh is a graduate of the University of Melbourne Medical School. He studied hematology at Washington University in St. Louis, the London Postgraduate Medical...
, Roger D. KornbergRoger D. KornbergRoger David Kornberg is an American biochemist and professor of structural biology at Stanford University School of Medicine.Kornberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2006 for his studies of the process by which genetic information from DNA is copied to RNA, "the molecular basis of...
, Robert G. RoederRobert G. RoederRobert G. Roeder is an American biologist. He is known as a pioneer in eukaryotic transcription. He is the recipient of the Gairdner Foundation International Award in 2000 and the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 2003...
, Alain Townsend, Emil Unanue - 2001 Clay ArmstrongClay ArmstrongClay Margarave Armstrong is an American physiologist and a former student of Dr. Andrew Fielding Huxley. He is currently a professor of Physiology at the University of Pennsylvania....
, Bertil HilleBertil HilleBertil Hille is a professor in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Washington. He is particularly well known for his research and expertise on cell signalling by ion channels.-Early life and education:...
, Roderick MacKinnonRoderick MacKinnonRoderick MacKinnon is a professor of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics at Rockefeller University who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Peter Agre in 2003 for his work on the structure and operation of ion channels....
, Marc KirschnerMarc KirschnerProfessor Marc W. Kirschner is an American cell biologist.- Biography :Kirschner graduated from Northwestern University in 1966 and in 1971 received his doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley. He held post-doc positions at Berkeley and at the University of Oxford in England. He... - 2002 Philip P. Green, Eric LanderEric LanderEric Steven Lander is a Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a member of the Whitehead Institute, and director of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard who has devoted his career toward realizing the promise of the human genome for medicine. He is co-chair of U.S...
, Maynard V. Olson, John E. SulstonJohn E. SulstonSir John Edward Sulston FRS is a British biologist. He is a joint winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.He is currently Chair of the Institute for Science, Ethics and Innovation at the University of Manchester....
, J. Craig Venter, Michael S. Waterman, Robert Waterston, Jean WeissenbachJean WeissenbachJean Weissenbach is the current director of the Genoscope. He is one of the pioneers of the sequencing and analysis of the genomes.-References:...
, Francis CollinsFrancis CollinsFrancis Collins may refer to:*Francis Collins , geneticist*Francis Dolan Collins , 19th century American politician-See also:*Frank Collins *Francis Collings, BBC journalist*Francis Collin, English footballer...
(Award of Merit), James D. WatsonJames D. WatsonJames Dewey Watson is an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick...
(Award of Merit) - 2003 Richard AxelRichard AxelRichard Axel is an American neuroscientist whose work on the olfactory system won him and Linda B. Buck, a former post-doctoral scientist in his research group, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004....
, Linda B. BuckLinda B. BuckLinda Brown Buck is an American biologist best known for her work on the olfactory system. She was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Richard Axel, for their work on olfactory receptors....
, Wayne A. Hendrickson, Seiji OgawaSeiji OgawaSeiji Ogawa is a Japanese researcher best known for discovering the technique that underlies Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging . He determined that the contrast in blood oxygen levels can be mapped in magnetic resonance imaging, thus showing which areas of the brain respond to the brain's...
, Ralph M. SteinmanRalph M. SteinmanRalph Marvin Steinman was a Canadian immunologist and cell biologist at Rockefeller University, who in 1973 coined the term dendritic cells while working as a postdoc in the lab of Zanvil A. Cohn, also at Rockefeller University.... - 2004 Seymour BenzerSeymour BenzerSeymour Benzer was an American physicist, molecular biologist and behavioral geneticist. His career began during the molecular biology revolution of the 1950s, and he eventually rose to prominence in the fields of molecular and behavioral genetics. He led a productive genetics research lab both at...
, R. John EllisR. John EllisReginald John Ellis, FRS, is a British scientist at The University of Warwick. Ellis was born on 12th February, 1935, and educated at Highbury Grammar School, London. He studied at King's College, London and obtained a BSc degree in 1956 and PhD in 1960, for thesis research on the enzymology of...
, F. Ulrich Hartl, Arthur L. HorwichArthur L. HorwichArthur L. Horwich is an American biologist and Eugene Higgins Professor of Genetics and Pediatrics at Yale School of Medicine. Horwich has also been a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator since 1990. His research into protein folding uncovered the action of chaperonins, protein complexes...
, George SachsGeorge SachsGeorge Sachs was a Russian-born German and American metallurgist.Born in Moscow, he taught at Frankfurt University , and the Case Institute of Technology He was of Jewish birth, and left Germany with his family in 1937 to escape Nazi persecution, and settled in the United... - 2005 Jeffrey M. FriedmanJeffrey M. FriedmanJeffrey Friedman, MD, PhD, is a molecular geneticist at New York City's Rockefeller University. His discovery of the hormone leptin and its role in regulating body weight has had a major role in the area of human obesity.-Biography:...
, Douglas L. ColemanDouglas L. ColemanDouglas L. Coleman is a scientist at The Jackson Laboratory. His discovery of the hormone leptin and its role in regulating body weight has had a major role in the area of human obesity....
, Craig C. Mello, Andrew Z. Fire, Brenda MilnerBrenda MilnerBrenda Milner, is a Canadian neuroscientist who has contributed extensively to the research literature on various topics in the field of clinical neuropsychology. -Biography:...
, Endel TulvingEndel TulvingEndel Tulving is an experimental psychologist and cognitive neuroscientist whose research on human memory has influenced generations of psychological scientists, neuroscientists, and clinicians... - 2006 Ralph L. BrinsterRalph L. BrinsterRalph Lawrence Brinster is an American geneticist and Richard King Mellon Professor of Reproductive Physiology at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.- Birth and education :...
, Ronald M. EvansRonald M. EvansRonald M. Evans is an American professor and biologist who works at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California. He received his BS and PhD degrees from UCLA, followed by a postdoctoral training in Rockefeller University...
, Alan HallAlan HallBerthold Allan Couldwell Hall , commonly known as Allan Hall, was an English professional footballer who played for Park Labour, Doncaster Rovers, Middlesbrough, Bradford City, Lincoln City, Tottenham Hotspur, Blackpool and Gainsborough Trinity.- Football career :Hall began his career at non-League...
, Thomas D. PollardThomas D. PollardThomas Dean Pollard is a prominent educator, cell biologist and biophysicist whose research focuses on understanding cell motility through the study of actin filaments and myosin motors...
, Joan A. SteitzJoan A. SteitzJoan Argetsinger Steitz is a molecular biologist at Yale University, famed for her discoveries involving RNA, including ground-breaking insights such as that ribosomes interact with mRNA by complementary base pairing and that introns are spliced by snRNPs, small nuclear ribonucleoproteins which... - 2007 C. David AllisC. David AllisCharles David Allis is an American molecular biologist, and is currently the Joy and Jack Fishman Professor and Head of the Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics at The Rockefeller University. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2001...
, Kim A. Nasmyth, Dennis J. Slamon, Harry F. NollerHarry F. NollerHarry F. Noller is an American biochemist, and since 1992 the director of the University of California, Santa Cruz's Center for the Molecular Biology of RNA...
, Thomas A. SteitzThomas A. Steitz-Publications:* Steitz, T. A., et al. , nsls newsletter, .* Steitz, T. A., et al. , NSLS Activity Report .-External links:* , from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy... - 2008 Victor AmbrosVictor AmbrosVictor Ambros is an American developmental biologist who discovered the first known microRNA . He is a professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester, Massachusetts.-Background:...
, Harald zur HausenHarald zur HausenHarald zur Hausen is a German virologist and professor emeritus. He has done research on cancer of the cervix, where he discovered the role of papilloma viruses, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008.-Biography:Zur Hausen was born in Gelsenkirchen, Germany, went to...
, Gary RuvkunGary RuvkunGary Ruvkun is an American molecular biologist and professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School in Boston. Ruvkun discovered the mechanism by which lin-4, the first microRNA discovered by Victor Ambros, regulates the translation of target messenger RNAs via imperfect base-pairing to those...
, Nahum SonenbergNahum SonenbergNahum Sonenberg, is a microbiologist and biochemist, originally from Israel, and currently professor of biochemistry at the McGill University in Montreal, Canada....
, Samuel WeissSamuel WeissSamuel Weiss is a Canadian neurobiologist.Weiss was an undergraduate at McGill University, where he received a B.Sc. in Biochemistry. He then went on to take his Ph.D. in Neurobiology at the University of Calgary... - 2009 Peter WalterPeter WalterPeter Walter is a German-American molecular biologist and biochemist. He earned a B.S. degree in chemistry from the Free University of Berlin, an M.S. degree in organic chemistry from Vanderbilt University, and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the Rockefeller University...
, Kazutoshi Mori, Lucy Shapiro, Richard LosickRichard LosickRichard Losick is an American molecular biologist whose research interests include RNA polymerase, sigma factors, regulation of gene transcription, and bacterial development, being especially noted for his investigations of endospore formation in Gram positive organisms such as Bacillus subtilis...
, Shinya YamanakaShinya Yamanakais a Japanese physician and adult stem cell researcher. He serves as the director of Center for iPS Cell Research and Application and a professor at the Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences at Kyoto University, as a senior investigator at the UCSF-affiliated J... - 2010: William A. Catterall, Pierre Chambon, William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe, Gregg L. Semenza
- 2011: Adrian Peter BirdAdrian Peter BirdAdrian Peter Bird CBE, FRS is a British geneticist and Buchanan Professor of Genetics at the University of Edinburgh. He was awarded the Gabor Medal in 1999 "in recognition of his pioneering work in the study of global mechanisms by which transcription of the mammalian genome is regulated and for...
, Howard CedarHoward CedarHoward Cedar or Haim Cedar is an Israeli-American biochemist.- Biography :Cedar was born in the United States. He received a bachelor's degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and, in 1970, received a MD and PhD from the New York University.From 1970 to 1973, he worked for the U.S...
, Aharon RazinAharon RazinAharon Razin is an Israeli biochemist.-Awards:In 2004, Razin was awarded the Israel Prize, for biochemistry....
, Jules A. HoffmannJules A. HoffmannJules A. Hoffmann is a Luxembourgish-born French biologist. He is a research director and member of the board of administrators of the National Center of Scientific Research in Strasbourg, France. In 2007, he became President of the French Academy of Sciences...
, Shizuo AkiraShizuo Akira, M.D., Ph.D., is a distinguished and highly cited professor at the Department of Host Defense, Osaka University, Japan...